A method and system for evaluating ecological benefits and spillover effect values of a green belt around a city

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of green belt around city ecological benefit and overflow effect value's evaluation method and system, comprising: obtaining the ecological monitoring data of green belt around city, remote sensing data and geographic space data, and pre-processing, obtain standardized evaluation data;Based on standardized evaluation data, construct ecological benefit evaluation system and ecological overflow effect evaluation system, calculate the index such as biodiversity, conservation soil, water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, air purification environment;Combined with market value method, shadow engineering method and alternative cost method, the value of each ecological benefit and ecological overflow effect is accounted, and the comprehensive ecological value evaluation result of green belt around city is obtained, and evaluation report is generated.The application realizes the comprehensive quantitative evaluation of ecological benefit and spatial overflow effect of green belt around city, can improve the accuracy and integrity of ecological value evaluation result, and provides scientific basis for urban ecological space planning, green belt structure optimization and ecological resource management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological environment assessment technology, specifically relating to a method and system for assessing the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt. Background Technology

[0002] As an important ecological spatial structure on the outskirts of cities, the ring-shaped greenbelt not only effectively controls the disorderly expansion of cities, but also plays a vital role in maintaining the urban ecological security pattern, improving the regional ecological environment, mitigating the heat island effect, and enhancing the ecological well-being of residents. With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the function of the ring-shaped greenbelt in the urban ecosystem is receiving increasing attention. Therefore, how to scientifically assess the ecological benefits and spatial impact of the ring-shaped greenbelt has become an important issue in urban ecological planning and green development research.

[0003] Currently, existing ecological benefit assessment methods mostly focus on evaluating the ecological benefits of urban parks, urban forests, or general urban green spaces, lacking targeted assessment methods for urban greenbelts, which possess unique spatial structures and ecological functions. Urban greenbelts are typically characterized by their large scale, strong continuity, and ring-shaped distribution; their ecological effects extend beyond the greenbelt itself, impacting surrounding urban areas through spatial diffusion. However, existing technologies usually only evaluate the ecological service functions within the green space, lacking a systematic analysis of the ecological spillover effects and spatial impact range of urban greenbelts, making it difficult to reflect the external ecological impacts of urban greenbelts on surrounding areas, such as temperature regulation and environmental improvement.

[0004] Furthermore, most existing ecological benefit assessment methods focus on single ecosystem service functions, such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity, air purification capacity, or cooling effect. They lack a comprehensive evaluation mechanism for multiple ecosystem functions, including biodiversity, soil conservation, water conservation, air purification, and forest health care. As a result, it is difficult to fully reflect the synergistic relationship between ecosystem service functions in the urban greenbelt and it is also not conducive to the unified quantitative analysis of different ecological benefits.

[0005] For example, the existing technology CN119443920A discloses a method for assessing the ecological benefits of urban green spaces. This method mainly establishes an ecological benefit assessment index system for green spaces and combines data collection and comprehensive evaluation to achieve ecological benefit analysis of urban green spaces. Although this method can assess the ecological benefits of general urban green spaces, its assessment object is mainly focused on ordinary urban green spaces, lacking specific analysis of the spatial continuity, ring structure characteristics, and peripheral ecological barrier functions of the ring-shaped green belt. Furthermore, this method mainly emphasizes the establishment of the ecological benefit index system and the comprehensive evaluation process, lacking quantitative analysis of the ecological spillover effects formed by the diffusion of the ecological effects of the ring-shaped green belt to surrounding areas, making it difficult to reflect the scope and intensity of the cooling impact of the ring-shaped green belt on surrounding urban areas. In addition, this method is insufficient in the synergistic integration and utilization of multi-source remote sensing data, ecological monitoring data, and spatial geographic data, making it difficult to achieve a refined and dynamic assessment of the ecological benefits and spatial spillover effects of the ring-shaped green belt.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies still have problems such as a lack of dedicated assessment methods for the ecological characteristics of urban greenbelts, a lack of quantitative analysis capabilities for ecological spillover effects, and a lack of comprehensive assessment mechanisms for multi-dimensional ecological indicators, making it difficult to meet the current needs of urban ecological space planning and refined assessment of the ecological value of urban greenbelts. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method and system for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of urban green belts.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: This invention provides a method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data of the green belt area around the city, and preprocess the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized evaluation data. S2. Based on the standardized assessment data, construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring green belt; the assessment system includes multiple functional layers, and each functional layer includes corresponding evaluation indicators. S3. Based on the standardized assessment data, calculate the various evaluation indicators under the ecological benefit assessment system and the ecological spillover effect assessment system to obtain the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value of the ring green belt. S4. Based on the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value, generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt, thereby realizing the assessment of the value of the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt.

[0009] Furthermore, the ecological monitoring data includes air quality monitoring data, soil monitoring data, biodiversity monitoring data, and vegetation structure monitoring data; wherein, the air quality monitoring data includes air negative ion concentration data and air pollutant concentration data, the soil monitoring data includes soil type data, soil bulk density data, and soil nutrient data, and the vegetation structure monitoring data includes tree height data and leaf area index data. The remote sensing data includes surface temperature remote sensing data, vegetation index remote sensing data, and meteorological remote sensing data; wherein, the surface temperature remote sensing data is used to obtain surface temperature distribution information in the green belt area around the city, the vegetation index remote sensing data is used to obtain vegetation growth status information, and the meteorological remote sensing data is used to obtain air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation information. The geospatial data includes vector boundary data of the ring greenbelt, land use data, land cover data, and administrative division data.

[0010] Furthermore, the preprocessing includes: outlier removal, missing value completion, coordinate system unification, and spatial registration of the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data; wherein, radiometric correction, geometric correction, and cloud removal are performed on the remote sensing data, vector boundary verification and rasterization are performed on the geospatial data, and resampling is performed on the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data based on a unified spatial resolution to obtain the standardized evaluation data.

[0011] Furthermore, the functional layers of the ecological benefit assessment system include a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric purification layer, and a forest health and wellness layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the biodiversity maintenance layer includes a biodiversity index; the soil conservation layer includes soil stabilization and fertilizer retention indicators; the water conservation layer includes water quantity regulation and water quality purification indicators; the carbon benefit layer includes carbon sequestration and oxygen release indicators; the atmospheric environment purification layer includes negative ion indicators, pollutant absorption indicators, and dust retention indicators; and the forest health and wellness layer includes forest health and wellness indicators. Furthermore, the biodiversity index is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, with the following formula: in, For biodiversity index; For index The annual species resource conservation value per unit area corresponding to the level; Total number of species; For the first The relative dominance of a species; This refers to the biodiversity index value. This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. The soil stabilization index is calculated using the difference in soil erosion between forest land and non-forest land, and the formula is as follows: in, For soil stabilization value; Cost of excavation and transportation per unit volume of earthwork; Forest soil erosion modulus; The soil erosion modulus for non-forest land; Soil bulk density; The fertilizer retention index is calculated using soil nutrient retention capacity, and the formula is: in, To preserve fertilizer value; , , These are the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil, respectively. The price of diammonium phosphate fertilizer; The price of potassium chloride fertilizer; , , These represent the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the corresponding fertilizers; The water volume regulation index is calculated based on the regional water balance relationship, using the following formula: in, To regulate the value of water volume; This refers to precipitation. Evaporation amount; Surface runoff; C reservoir Value per unit of water resources; The purified water quality indicators are calculated using the purified water volume and unit purification cost, using the following formula: in, Value for purifying water quality; Cost per unit of water purification; The carbon sequestration and oxygen release index is calculated based on the net primary productivity of vegetation, using the following formula: in, The annual carbon sequestration value of the green belt around the city; The annual oxygen release value of the green belt around the city; , These are the annual carbon sequestration and oxygen release of the green belt surrounding the city; , These are the prices of carbon sequestration and oxygen, respectively. The negative ion index is calculated using the concentration of negative ions in the air, and the formula is: in, Value of negative ions; This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. The height of the vegetation; The unit production cost of negative ions; This refers to the concentration of negative air ions. For negative ion lifespan; The pollutant absorption index is calculated using the pollutant absorption per unit area, and the formula is: in, Value for pollutant absorption; Cost per unit of pollutant treatment; This refers to the amount of pollutants absorbed per unit area. The dust retention index is calculated using the dust retention capacity per unit area, and the formula is as follows: in, Its value lies in retaining dust; Cost per unit of dust removal and cleaning; Dust retention capacity per unit area; The forest health and wellness index is calculated using the ecological recreation value of tourists, and the formula is as follows: in, Forest health and wellness value; The average ticket price for tourists; This refers to the annual number of tourists received.

[0013] Furthermore, the functional layer of the ecological spillover effect assessment system includes a temperature regulation layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the temperature regulation layer includes internal cooling efficiency indicators and cold island effect indicators.

[0015] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the value of the internal cooling effect is as follows: in, The value of annual internal cooling benefits of the ring-city greenbelt; The annual cooling effect of the green belt around the city, converted into electricity consumption; The average electricity price in the city; The annual cooling effect of the ring-shaped green belt, converted into energy consumption, is calculated based on the temperature difference between the interior of the green belt and the impermeable surface. The calculation formula is as follows: in, Equivalent heat; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; This is the temperature difference value; The average surface temperature of the impermeable area in the city; The average surface temperature of the greenbelt area surrounding the city.

[0016] Furthermore, the formula for the cold island effect index is: in, The value of the urban greenbelt's annual cooling island effect; The green belt around the city causes heat loss to the surrounding air due to the cooling island effect; The average electricity price in the region; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; The temperature difference between adjacent buffer zones; This represents the total number of buffers.

[0017] Another aspect of this invention provides an evaluation system for the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt, comprising a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, an evaluation system construction module, an indicator calculation module, a value assessment module, and a report generation module; wherein: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source basic data of the green belt area around the city, including ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data and geospatial data. The data preprocessing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to perform consistency processing on the acquired ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized evaluation data. The consistency processing includes outlier removal, missing value completion, coordinate system unification, and spatial registration. The assessment system construction module is connected to the data preprocessing module and is used to construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring green belt based on the standardized assessment data. The assessment system includes a target layer, a functional layer and an indicator layer, wherein the functional layer is used to classify and characterize different ecological service functions and spillover effect types. The indicator calculation module is connected to the evaluation system construction module and is used to perform indicator quantification calculation on the standardized evaluation data according to the evaluation system to obtain the ecological benefit indicator value and ecological spillover effect indicator value of the ring green belt. The value assessment module is connected to the indicator calculation module and is used to calculate the value of the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt based on the ecological benefit indicator value and the ecological spillover effect indicator value, using multiple value assessment methods to obtain the ecological benefit value result and the spillover effect value result, and obtain the comprehensive ecological value result. The report generation module is connected to the value assessment module and is used to generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt based on the comprehensive ecological value results, and output the spatial distribution information and statistical analysis results of the assessment results.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Most existing ecological benefit assessment methods are designed for urban parks, urban forests, or ordinary urban green spaces. There is a lack of specialized assessment methods for green belts around cities, which have strong spatial continuity, obvious ring-shaped distribution, and prominent role as an outer ecological barrier. These methods are insufficient to accurately reflect the overall ecological function of green belts around cities in the urban ecosystem. This invention acquires ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data, and constructs an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system suitable for green belts around cities. This enables a targeted evaluation of the ecological function of green belts around cities, thereby more accurately reflecting their ecological role in maintaining urban ecological security, improving the regional ecological environment, and controlling disorderly urban expansion. This improves the relevance and applicability of the ecological assessment results of green belts around cities.

[0019] (2) Existing technologies typically only analyze the ecological service functions within green spaces, lacking research on the spatial diffusion characteristics of ecological effects. This makes it difficult to effectively reflect the scope and degree of ecological impact of the ring-shaped green belt on surrounding urban areas, especially in terms of its cooling diffusion capacity and cold island effect. This invention constructs an ecological spillover effect assessment system and sets internal cooling benefit indicators and cold island effect indicators. Combined with annular buffer zone analysis and surface temperature gradient calculation, it achieves a quantitative assessment of the temperature regulation range, cooling intensity, and spatial diffusion capacity of the ring-shaped green belt. This allows for a more comprehensive revelation of the impact of the ring-shaped green belt on the ecological environment of surrounding areas, and improves the guiding ability of the ecological assessment results for urban ecological space planning and green space layout optimization.

[0020] (3) Existing ecological benefit assessments typically focus on a single ecosystem service function, such as evaluating only carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, or cooling capacity. They lack a multi-dimensional, multi-level comprehensive evaluation mechanism, making it difficult to fully reflect the synergistic relationship between different ecosystem functions and hindering a unified analysis of the comprehensive ecological value of the ring-city greenbelt. This invention constructs an ecological benefit assessment system that includes a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric purification layer, and a forest health and wellness layer, and sets corresponding evaluation indicators. This achieves a multi-dimensional comprehensive assessment of the ecological functions of the ring-city greenbelt, thereby comprehensively reflecting the ecosystem service capacity of the ring-city greenbelt and improving the completeness, systematicness, and comparability of the ecological value assessment results.

[0021] (4) Existing technologies lack the technical means to uniformly calculate the material quantity and value of the ecological benefits of urban green belts, making it difficult to form a unified quantitative standard among different ecological functions, which is not conducive to the horizontal comparison of ecological benefit results and the analysis of ecological value transformation. This invention establishes a value calculation model for ecological benefits and ecological spillover effects, further transforming the ecological service capacity corresponding to ecological indicators into corresponding material quantity and value, realizing a unified quantitative expression among different ecological functions, thereby improving the quantifiability and comparability of ecological benefit results, and providing a quantitative basis for ecological resource value accounting, ecological compensation, and urban green development decision-making.

[0022] (5) Existing ecological benefit assessment methods typically lack dynamic and regional analysis capabilities, making them difficult to apply to different urban areas or large-scale urban ecological spaces. This invention calculates indicators based on standardized assessment data and uniform spatial resolution, and combines remote sensing data to obtain information on regional temperature, vegetation growth, and meteorological changes. This enables the assessment method to have strong regional adaptability and dynamic analysis capabilities, thus allowing it to be applied to the ecological benefit assessment of different urban greenbelts or large urban green space systems, thereby improving the engineering application value and promotion and application capabilities of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring-city greenbelt according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the evaluation system for the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring-city greenbelt according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: This embodiment specifically provides a method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Obtain ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data of the green belt area around the city, and preprocess the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized assessment data; In one specific embodiment, a greenbelt area encircling a city is used as the research object. Ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data are acquired, and these data are processed in a unified manner to construct standardized assessment data required for subsequent evaluation of ecological benefits and spillover effects. Because the greenbelt is characterized by its wide spatial range, complex surface types, and diverse ecological functions, a single data source cannot fully reflect its ecological characteristics. Therefore, the collaborative acquisition and fusion of multi-source data can effectively improve the completeness and accuracy of the ecological assessment results.

[0026] Ecological monitoring data includes air quality monitoring data, soil monitoring data, biodiversity monitoring data, and vegetation structure monitoring data. Air quality monitoring data includes the concentration of negative air ions and the concentration of air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5, and PM10. The concentration of negative air ions reflects the ability of green spaces to improve the air environment, while the concentration of air pollutants reflects the ability of vegetation to absorb and reduce pollutants. Soil monitoring data includes soil type, soil bulk density, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in the soil, used for subsequent analysis of soil conservation and nutrient retention capacity. Biodiversity monitoring data is used to statistically analyze the different plant species, community structure, and species distribution within the study area. Vegetation structure monitoring data includes tree height and leaf area index (LAI), with LAI reflecting the degree of vegetation canopy coverage and vegetation growth status. A higher LAI indicates a stronger ability of vegetation to retain solar radiation and a more significant effect on the adsorption of air pollutants and temperature regulation; therefore, LAI is used as an important basic parameter for ecological function analysis.

[0027] Remote sensing data includes land surface temperature remote sensing data, vegetation index remote sensing data, and meteorological remote sensing data. Land surface temperature remote sensing data is used to obtain the spatial distribution of land surface temperature in the study area. To reduce the impact of cloud cover and seasonal variations on temperature results, summer cloudless imagery was selected for temperature retrieval. The data spatial resolution is 30m, which can effectively reflect the differences in the surface thermal environment of the ring greenbelt and surrounding areas. Land surface temperature is calculated using the following formula: Where LST represents land surface temperature in °C, and DN represents the brightness value of the remote sensing image. In the formula, 0.00341802 is the brightness value conversion coefficient, 149 is the temperature scale offset parameter, and 273.15 is used to convert Kelvin temperature to Celsius temperature. This conversion method can transform the raw remote sensing thermal infrared data into actual land surface temperature, thereby enabling the analysis of the spatial distribution of regional thermal environment. Since the temperature regulation effect of the ring green belt is mainly reflected in the differences in the surface thermal environment, the thermal infrared remote sensing inversion method can more intuitively reflect the temperature changes between the interior of the green belt and the surrounding impermeable surfaces.

[0028] Remote sensing data of vegetation indices are used to reflect vegetation growth status and vegetation cover level. The maximum value composite (MVC) method is used to obtain annual NDVI data in data processing. The MVC method, by selecting the maximum NDVI value within a period, effectively reduces the interference of factors such as clouds, atmosphere, and shadows on the vegetation index, improving the accuracy of vegetation growth status identification. Since the vegetation cover of the ring-city greenbelt exhibits significant seasonal variations, using the annual maximum NDVI composite result can more stably reflect the true vegetation cover, improving the reliability of subsequent ecological indicator calculations.

[0029] Meteorological remote sensing data is used to acquire meteorological information such as temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The meteorological data has an hourly temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. Specifically, temperature data is used for temperature regulation capacity analysis, precipitation data for water conservation analysis, and solar radiation data for estimating vegetation net primary productivity. By introducing continuous time-series meteorological data, the dynamism and timeliness of ecological process simulation results can be improved.

[0030] Geospatial data includes vector boundary data of the ring-city greenbelt, land use data, land cover data, and administrative division data. The vector boundary data of the ring-city greenbelt is used to define the study area; land use and land cover data are used to distinguish different land surface types such as forest land, impervious surfaces, and water bodies; and administrative division data is used for subsequent regional statistical analysis. Because spatial data from different sources often suffer from inconsistencies in coordinate systems, spatial offsets, and resolution differences, it is necessary to unify the projected coordinates of all spatial data and perform spatial registration and data quality checks to ensure accurate overlay of different data at the same spatial location.

[0031] Furthermore, during data preprocessing, outlier removal and missing value completion were performed on ecological monitoring data, and radiometric correction, geometric correction, and cloud removal were applied to remote sensing data. All data were then resampled at a uniform spatial resolution. Radiometric correction eliminates sensor response errors and atmospheric scattering effects, geometric correction corrects spatial distortion in remote sensing images, and cloud removal reduces the impact of cloud cover on surface temperature and vegetation index calculations. These processes improve spatial consistency and data reliability among multi-source data, providing a stable data foundation for subsequent calculations of ecological benefit indicators.

[0032] S2. Construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring green belt based on standardized assessment data. The assessment system includes multiple functional layers, and each functional layer includes corresponding evaluation indicators. In one specific embodiment, as shown in Table 1, the ecological benefit assessment system consists of a target layer, a functional layer, and an indicator layer. The functional layer of the ecological benefit assessment system includes a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric purification layer, and a forest health and wellness layer. The biodiversity maintenance layer includes biodiversity index indicators; the soil conservation layer includes soil stabilization and fertilizer retention indicators; the water conservation layer includes water quantity regulation and water quality purification indicators; the carbon benefit layer includes carbon sequestration and oxygen release indicators; the atmospheric purification layer includes negative ion indicators, pollutant absorption indicators, and dust retention indicators; and the forest health and wellness layer includes forest health and wellness indicators.

[0033] Table 1 Ecological Benefit Assessment System like Figure 2 As shown, the ecological spillover effect assessment system also consists of a target layer, a functional layer, and an indicator layer.

[0034] Table 2 Ecological Spillover Effect Assessment System An ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring-city greenbelt were constructed based on standardized assessment data. Due to the multidimensional, coupled, and spatially diffuse characteristics of the ecological functions of the ring-city greenbelt, relying solely on a single ecological indicator is insufficient to fully reflect its ecological value. Therefore, a hierarchical assessment structure was adopted to classify and organize different ecological functions, thereby improving the systematic nature and comparability of the ecological assessment results. The assessment system is constructed using a combination of target, functional, and indicator layers. The target layer is used to determine the overall assessment objectives, the functional layer is used to classify the types of ecosystem service functions, and the indicator layer is used to quantitatively express each ecological function. This hierarchical indicator structure enables unified management and collaborative analysis among different ecological functions, improving the completeness of the ecological benefit assessment.

[0035] The ecological benefit assessment system uses the ecological benefit assessment of the ring-city greenbelt as the target layer, and the functional layers include a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric purification layer, and a forest health and wellness layer. Each functional layer is further associated with different evaluation indicators. By constructing a multi-functional layered collaborative assessment system, the comprehensive role of the ring-city greenbelt in ecological protection, environmental regulation, and ecosystem service provision can be reflected simultaneously, thus avoiding the problem that traditional single-indicator evaluation methods cannot fully reflect ecosystem service capacity.

[0036] Maintaining the biodiversity layer includes biodiversity indices, which reflect the species richness and community stability within the urban greenbelt. Urban greenbelts typically exhibit continuous distribution, providing migration and habitat space for diverse plants and animals; therefore, biodiversity levels directly reflect the region's ecological stability and recovery capacity. Introducing biodiversity indices enhances the ability of ecological assessments to identify differences in community structure.

[0037] The soil conservation layer includes soil stabilization indicators and fertilizer retention indicators. Soil stabilization indicators reflect the vegetation's ability to inhibit soil erosion, while fertilizer retention indicators reflect the vegetation's ability to reduce soil nutrient loss. The root systems of vegetation in the ring-city greenbelt enhance soil stability and reduce the erosive effect of surface runoff on soil particles. Therefore, incorporating soil stabilization and fertilizer retention capabilities into the ecological benefit assessment system can more comprehensively reflect the role of the ring-city greenbelt in maintaining regional soil ecological security. The fertilizer retention indicators further include the retention capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, used to analyze the retention effects of different nutrient elements in the ecosystem, thereby improving the accuracy of soil ecological function assessment.

[0038] The water conservation layer includes indicators for regulating water volume and purifying water quality. The water volume regulation indicators reflect the ability of the ring-city greenbelt to regulate regional precipitation, evaporation, and runoff processes, while the water quality purification indicators reflect the filtration and reduction capabilities of vegetation and soil systems for pollutants. Because the ring-city greenbelt has high vegetation coverage and strong soil permeability, it can slow down surface runoff formation, increase rainwater infiltration, and reduce the risk of non-point source pollution. By establishing a water conservation layer, the ecological function of the ring-city greenbelt in regulating the regional hydrological cycle can be effectively reflected.

[0039] The carbon benefit layer includes carbon sequestration and oxygen release indicators, reflecting the carbon sink and oxygen release capacity of vegetation through photosynthesis. The large areas of vegetation in the urban greenbelt can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen; therefore, carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity is an important indicator for evaluating the ecological value of urban green spaces. Incorporating carbon sequestration and oxygen release into the assessment system can improve the ability of ecological value assessment to reflect low-carbon ecological functions.

[0040] The atmospheric purification layer includes indicators such as negative ion concentration, pollutant absorption, dust retention, and noise reduction. The negative ion concentration reflects the vegetation's ability to improve air quality; the pollutant absorption concentration reflects the vegetation's ability to adsorb and absorb pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides; the dust retention concentration reflects the vegetation's ability to intercept airborne particulate matter; and the noise reduction reflection the green space's ability to attenuate urban noise transmission. Since urban greenbelts are typically located in areas with concentrated traffic and industrial activity on the city's outskirts, their atmospheric purification function plays a crucial role in improving urban air quality. Constructing an atmospheric purification layer allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the air quality improvement capabilities of urban greenbelts.

[0041] The forest health and wellness layer includes forest health and wellness indicators, used to reflect the ecological service capacity of the urban greenbelt in terms of ecological recreation, leisure experience, and improvement of residents' physical and mental health. The urban greenbelt not only has ecological regulation functions but also plays a vital role as a space for residents' leisure activities. Therefore, incorporating forest health and wellness functions into the ecological benefit assessment system can improve the ability of ecological value assessment results to reflect social ecological service functions.

[0042] The ecological spillover effect assessment system also adopts a structure combining a target layer, a functional layer, and an indicator layer. The target layer assesses the ecological spillover effect of the ring-city greenbelt, the functional layer includes a temperature regulation layer, and the indicator layer includes internal cooling benefit indicators and urban cooling island effect indicators. Unlike traditional ecological benefit assessments, which primarily focus on the internal ecological functions of green spaces, the ecological spillover effect assessment places greater emphasis on the spatial impact of the ring-city greenbelt on the surrounding ecological environment.

[0043] The internal cooling efficiency index is used to analyze the temperature reduction capacity of the area inside the urban greenbelt relative to the city's impermeable surface. Because vegetation transpiration and canopy shading can reduce surface heat accumulation, a low-temperature zone typically forms inside the urban greenbelt. The internal cooling efficiency index can quantify the greenbelt's ability to improve the local thermal environment.

[0044] The cooling island effect index is used to analyze the spatial range and intensity of the cooling effect of the ring-city greenbelt spreading to surrounding areas. The low-temperature zone formed by the ring-city greenbelt has a temperature buffering effect on the surrounding urban areas. Therefore, the cooling island effect not only reflects the ecological regulation capacity within the green space but also its radiative impact on the thermal environment of the surrounding city. By introducing the analysis of cooling intensity and cooling distance, the spatial characteristics of the ecological spillover effect of the ring-city greenbelt can be more comprehensively reflected, enhancing the guiding significance of ecological assessment results for urban thermal environment optimization.

[0045] S3. Based on standardized assessment data, calculate the various evaluation indicators under the ecological benefit assessment system and the ecological spillover effect assessment system to obtain the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value of the ring green belt. In one specific embodiment, based on standardized assessment data, the various indicators in the ecological benefit assessment system and the ecological spillover effect assessment system are quantitatively calculated to obtain the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value of the ring-city greenbelt. The evaluation process comprehensively utilizes ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to achieve a synergistic assessment of ecosystem service functions and spatial spillover impacts, thereby improving the objectivity and spatial applicability of the assessment results.

[0046] The biodiversity index is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, expressed as follows: in, This represents the biodiversity index; as shown in Table 3. For index The annual species resource conservation value per unit area corresponding to the level; Total number of species; For the first The relative dominance of a species; This refers to the biodiversity index value. This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. Table 3. Shannon-Wiener Index Classification and Value The Shannon-Wiener index can simultaneously reflect species richness and community evenness, providing a more accurate picture of the ecological stability of the urban greenbelt compared to simple species counts. Further adjustments based on greenbelt area can reflect the comprehensive contribution of green spaces of different sizes to the regional ecosystem, improving the comparability of evaluation results across different regions.

[0047] The soil erosion index is calculated using the difference in soil erosion between forest land and non-forest land, as shown in the following expression: in, For soil stabilization value; Cost of excavation and transportation per unit volume of earthwork; Forest soil erosion modulus; The soil erosion modulus for non-forest land; The soil bulk density is used as a reference. By comparing the erosion differences between forest land and non-forest land, the ability of the green belt around the city to inhibit soil erosion is quantified. Then, the value is converted by using the cost of earthwork restoration, which can more intuitively reflect the economic benefits brought by the ecological protection function.

[0048] The fertilizer retention index is calculated using soil nutrient retention capacity, and the expression is as follows: in, To preserve fertilizer value; , , These are the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil, respectively. The price of diammonium phosphate fertilizer; The price of potassium chloride fertilizer; , , These correspond to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content ratios in the corresponding fertilizers. By utilizing the relationship between nutrient retention and fertilizer substitution costs, the ecosystem's ability to maintain soil fertility is transformed into quantifiable economic value, which can more realistically reflect the role of the green belt around the city in protecting the agricultural ecological environment and land quality.

[0049] The regulation water volume index is calculated based on the regional water balance relationship, and the expression is as follows: in, To regulate the value of water volume; This refers to precipitation. Evaporation amount; Surface runoff; C reservoir The value of water resources per unit is used to quantify the water storage, flood detention, and runoff regulation capacity of the green belt ecosystem based on the regional water revenue and expenditure relationship. This can effectively reflect the ecological value of the green belt around the city in alleviating urban flooding and improving the regional water resource regulation capacity.

[0050] The water quality indicators are calculated using the amount of water purified and the unit purification cost, as shown in the following expression: in, Value for purifying water quality; The cost per unit of water purification is used to quantitatively reflect the role of the green belt around the city in reducing non-point source pollution and improving the regional water environment by correlating the water purification capacity of the ecosystem with the cost of artificial water treatment.

[0051] Carbon sequestration and oxygen release indices are calculated based on vegetation net primary productivity. Net primary productivity is derived using the CASA model, expressed as follows: in, Net primary productivity of vegetation; Photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation; This refers to the light energy utilization rate of vegetation.

[0052] The expression for photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation is as follows: in, This represents the total monthly solar radiation. This represents the proportion of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation; 0.5 indicates the proportion of photosynthetically active radiation available to plants out of the total solar radiation.

[0053] The expression for vegetation light energy utilization rate is as follows: in, and These are the temperature stress coefficients; This is the water stress coefficient; This represents the maximum light energy utilization rate of vegetation.

[0054] The CASA model fully considers the constraints of light, water and temperature during vegetation growth, enabling dynamic estimation of vegetation productivity at the regional scale and making it suitable for ecological function assessment of large-scale urban greenbelts.

[0055] Based on net primary productivity results, the conversion between carbon sequestration and oxygen release is expressed as follows: in, Carbon sequestration per unit area; This refers to the amount of oxygen released per unit area.

[0056] The value expressions for carbon sequestration and oxygen release are as follows: in, The annual carbon sequestration value of the green belt around the city; The annual oxygen release value of the green belt around the city; , These are the annual carbon sequestration and oxygen release of the green belt surrounding the city; , These are the prices of carbon sequestration and oxygen, respectively. The negative ion index is calculated based on the concentration of negative ions in the air, and the expression is as follows: in, Value of negative ions; This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. The height of the vegetation; The unit production cost of negative ions; This refers to the concentration of negative air ions. The negative ion lifespan is used to measure the air purification capacity under different vegetation structures by introducing negative ion concentration and spatial volume parameters. This method is well-suited for evaluating the quality of forest health and wellness environments.

[0057] The pollutant absorption index is calculated using the amount of pollutants absorbed per unit area, as shown in the following expression: in, Value for pollutant absorption; Cost per unit of pollutant treatment; This refers to the amount of pollutants absorbed per unit area. The dust retention index is calculated using the amount of dust retained per unit area, and the expression is as follows: in, Its value lies in retaining dust; Cost per unit of dust removal and cleaning; Dust retention capacity per unit area; Pollutant absorption index and dust retention index evaluate air purification capacity from two aspects: gaseous pollutant purification and particulate matter interception, respectively, which can comprehensively reflect the contribution of the green belt around the city to the improvement of urban air environment.

[0058] The forest health and wellness index is calculated using the ecological recreation value for tourists, expressed as follows: in, Forest health and wellness value; The average ticket price for tourists; This refers to the annual number of tourists received.

[0059] By examining the correlation between the scale of tourist reception and the value of ecological recreation, we can reflect the comprehensive value of the green belt around the city in terms of ecological leisure, health care, and public services.

[0060] The internal cooling effect is calculated based on the temperature difference between the interior of the ring greenbelt and the city's impermeable surfaces. The value expression for the internal cooling effect is as follows: in, The value of annual internal cooling benefits of the ring-city greenbelt; The annual cooling effect of the green belt around the city, converted into electricity consumption; The average electricity price in the region; The annual cooling effect of the ring-city greenbelt, converted into electricity consumption, is expressed as follows: in, Equivalent heat; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; This is the temperature difference value; The average surface temperature of the impermeable area in the city; The average surface temperature of the greenbelt area surrounding the city is represented by this value. Converting the cooling effect of the greenbelt into the equivalent heat value corresponding to reduced air conditioning power consumption, and then combining this with electricity prices to quantify its ecological value, allows for a more direct reflection of the economic benefits of the greenbelt in alleviating urban thermal conditions.

[0061] The cold island effect was analyzed using the temperature gradient changes in the buffer zones. First, based on the boundary of the ring-shaped greenbelt, 20 annular buffer zones were constructed outwards at 30-meter intervals, and the average surface temperature of each buffer zone was statistically analyzed. Then, a cubic polynomial function was used to fit the relationship curve between temperature and distance, and the range and intensity of the cold island effect were determined based on the first inflection point.

[0062] The value expression for the cold island effect is as follows: in, The value of the urban greenbelt's annual cooling island effect; The green belt around the city causes heat loss to the surrounding air due to the cooling island effect; The average electricity price in the region; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; The temperature difference between adjacent buffer zones; This represents the total number of buffers.

[0063] By employing a method that couples the analysis of a ring-shaped buffer zone with a temperature gradient, we can quantify the process of the cold energy of the ring-city green belt spreading to the surrounding urban space. This method can not only reflect the cooling capacity within the green belt but also reveal the spatial range of its impact on the thermal environment of the surrounding built-up areas, thereby improving the completeness and spatial interpretability of the ecological spillover effect assessment results.

[0064] S4. Based on the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value, generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt, thereby realizing the assessment of the value of the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt.

[0065] In one specific embodiment, based on the differences in the attributes of different ecosystem service functions, the market value method, shadow project method, substitution cost method, and contingent value method are used to calculate the value of each ecosystem function. Specifically, the market value method is mainly used to evaluate ecosystem service functions with direct market value, such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and forest-based health and wellness; the shadow project method is mainly used to evaluate ecological regulation functions such as water regulation, water purification, and cooling effects; the substitution cost method is mainly used to evaluate ecological environmental protection functions such as soil stabilization, fertilizer retention, pollutant absorption, and dust retention; and the contingent value method is mainly used to correct the value of some ecosystem service functions that are difficult to directly measure in the market.

[0066] In the evaluation process, the ecological benefit value per unit area was first calculated based on the corresponding indicators for each sample area. Then, spatial expansion was performed by combining the corresponding area to obtain the total ecological benefit value of each area. Finally, the ecological benefit values ​​and ecological spillover effect values ​​corresponding to each functional layer were summarized to obtain the total ecological benefit value and the total ecological spillover effect value of the ring green belt as a whole.

[0067] The formula for calculating the total value of ecological benefits is as follows: in, The total ecological value of the ring-city greenbelt; For the first The value corresponding to each ecological benefit indicator; This represents the total number of ecological benefit indicators.

[0068] The formula for calculating the total value of ecological spillover effects is as follows: in, The total value of the ecological spillover effect of the ring-city greenbelt; For the first The value corresponding to each ecological spillover effect indicator; This represents the total number of indicators related to ecological spillover effects.

[0069] The formula for calculating the comprehensive ecological value of the ring-city greenbelt is as follows: in, The comprehensive ecological value of the ring-city greenbelt; Total ecological benefits; The total value of the ecological spillover effect.

[0070] By combining sub-indicator accounting with sub-regional aggregation, the value differences between different ecological functions and the differences in ecological contributions between different spatial regions can be reflected simultaneously, avoiding the result bias caused by single indicator evaluation, thereby improving the completeness and accuracy of the ecological value assessment results of the ring green belt.

[0071] After obtaining the comprehensive evaluation results, a report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring-city greenbelt is further generated. The report includes ecological benefit indicators, ecological spillover effects, spatial distribution, value statistics, and trend analysis. The spatial distribution results are presented using GIS spatial visualization to show the distribution of ecological benefits in different areas and the extent of the cold island effect. The trend analysis results reflect the dynamic characteristics of the ring-city greenbelt's ecological functions over time, providing data support for urban ecological space planning, greenbelt structure optimization, and ecological resource management.

[0072] Example 2: This embodiment provides a system for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data of the greenbelt area around the city. Among them, the ecological monitoring data includes air quality monitoring data, soil monitoring data, biodiversity monitoring data, and vegetation structure monitoring data; the remote sensing data includes surface temperature remote sensing data, vegetation index remote sensing data, and meteorological remote sensing data; and the geospatial data includes vector boundary data of the greenbelt around the city, land use data, land cover data, and administrative division data. The data preprocessing module is used to perform outlier removal, missing value completion, coordinate system unification, spatial registration, radiometric correction, geometric correction, cloud removal, and resampling on ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized evaluation data. The assessment system construction module is used to construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system based on standardized assessment data. The ecological benefit assessment system includes a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric purification layer, and a forest health care layer. The ecological spillover effect assessment system includes a temperature regulation layer. The index calculation module is used to calculate the index values ​​of standardized assessment data according to the ecological benefit assessment system and the ecological spillover effect assessment system, and obtain the index values ​​of biodiversity index, soil conservation index, fertilizer retention index, water regulation index, water purification index, carbon sequestration and oxygen release index, negative ion index, pollutant absorption index, dust retention index, forest health care index, internal cooling benefit index, and cold island effect index. The value assessment module is used to calculate the value of various ecological functions based on the values ​​of various ecological benefit indicators and ecological spillover effect indicators, using the market value method, shadow project method, substitution cost method and conditional value method, to obtain the total ecological benefit value, total ecological spillover effect value and comprehensive ecological value of the ring green belt. The report generation module is used to generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt based on the ecological benefit assessment results and the ecological spillover effect assessment results. It also outputs the spatial distribution results of ecological benefits, the impact range of the cold island effect, and the comprehensive value statistics.

[0073] In one specific embodiment, the index calculation module is also used to construct a ring-shaped buffer zone temperature gradient model based on Landsat remote sensing images, and determine the intensity of the cold island effect and the distance of the cold island influence through the fitting results of the buffer zone average temperature, so as to improve the spatial accuracy of the ecological spillover effect assessment results.

[0074] In one specific embodiment, the value assessment module is also used to perform spatial overlay and zoning statistics on the ecological benefit value of different regions based on GIS spatial analysis methods, so as to form a spatial distribution map of the ecological value of the ring green belt, thereby providing visual analysis results for urban ecological planning and green space layout optimization.

[0075] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data of the green belt area around the city, and preprocess the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized evaluation data. S2. Based on the standardized assessment data, construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring green belt; the assessment system includes multiple functional layers, and each functional layer includes corresponding evaluation indicators. S3. Based on the standardized assessment data, calculate the various evaluation indicators under the ecological benefit assessment system and the ecological spillover effect assessment system to obtain the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value of the ring green belt. S4. Based on the ecological benefit index value and the ecological spillover effect index value, generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt, thereby realizing the assessment of the value of the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt.

2. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological monitoring data includes air quality monitoring data, soil monitoring data, biodiversity monitoring data, and vegetation structure monitoring data; wherein, the air quality monitoring data includes air negative ion concentration data and air pollutant concentration data, the soil monitoring data includes soil type data, soil bulk density data, and soil nutrient data, and the vegetation structure monitoring data includes tree height data and leaf area index data. The remote sensing data includes surface temperature remote sensing data, vegetation index remote sensing data, and meteorological remote sensing data; wherein, the surface temperature remote sensing data is used to obtain surface temperature distribution information in the green belt area around the city, the vegetation index remote sensing data is used to obtain vegetation growth status information, and the meteorological remote sensing data is used to obtain air temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation information. The geospatial data includes vector boundary data of the ring greenbelt, land use data, land cover data, and administrative division data.

3. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing includes: outlier removal, missing value completion, coordinate system unification, and spatial registration of the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data; wherein, radiometric correction, geometric correction, and cloud removal are performed on the remote sensing data, vector boundary verification and rasterization are performed on the geospatial data, and resampling is performed on the ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data based on a unified spatial resolution to obtain the standardized evaluation data.

4. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layers of the ecological benefit assessment system include a biodiversity maintenance layer, a soil conservation layer, a water conservation layer, a carbon benefit layer, an atmospheric environment purification layer, and a forest health and wellness layer. The biodiversity maintenance layer includes a biodiversity index; the soil conservation layer includes soil stabilization and fertilizer retention indicators; the water conservation layer includes water volume regulation and water quality purification indicators; the carbon benefit layer includes carbon sequestration and oxygen release indicators; the atmospheric environment purification layer includes negative ion indicators, pollutant absorption indicators, and dust retention indicators; and the forest health and wellness layer includes forest health and wellness indicators.

5. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 4, characterized in that, The biodiversity index is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, and the formula is as follows: in, It is a biodiversity index, also known as the Shannon-Wiener index; For index The annual species resource conservation value per unit area corresponding to the level; Total number of species; For the first The relative dominance of a species; This refers to the biodiversity index value. This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. The soil stabilization index is calculated using the difference in soil erosion between forest land and non-forest land, and the formula is as follows: in, For soil stabilization value; Cost of excavation and transportation per unit volume of earthwork; Forest soil erosion modulus; The soil erosion modulus for non-forest land; Soil bulk density; The fertilizer retention index is calculated using soil nutrient retention capacity, and the formula is: in, To preserve fertilizer value; , , These are the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil, respectively. The price of diammonium phosphate fertilizer; The price of potassium chloride fertilizer; , , These represent the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the corresponding fertilizers; The regulating water volume index is calculated based on the regional water balance relationship, using the following formula: in, To regulate the value of water volume; This refers to precipitation. Evaporation amount; Surface runoff; C reservoir Value per unit of water resources; The purified water quality indicators are calculated using the purified water volume and unit purification cost, using the following formula: in, Value for purifying water quality; Cost per unit of water purification; The carbon sequestration and oxygen release index is calculated based on the net primary productivity of vegetation, using the following formula: in, The annual carbon sequestration value of the green belt around the city; The annual oxygen release value of the green belt around the city; , These are the annual carbon sequestration and oxygen release of the green belt surrounding the city; , These are the prices of carbon sequestration and oxygen, respectively. The negative ion index is calculated using the concentration of negative ions in the air, and the formula is: in, Value of negative ions; This refers to the area of ​​the green belt surrounding the city. The height of the vegetation; The cost per unit of negative ion production; This refers to the concentration of negative air ions. For negative ion lifespan; The pollutant absorption index is calculated using the pollutant absorption per unit area, and the formula is: in, Value for pollutant absorption; Cost per unit of pollutant treatment; This refers to the amount of pollutants absorbed per unit area. The dust retention index is calculated using the dust retention capacity per unit area, and the formula is as follows: in, Its value lies in retaining dust; Cost per unit of dust removal and cleaning; Dust retention capacity per unit area; The forest health and wellness index is calculated using the ecological recreation value of tourists, and the formula is as follows: in, Forest health and wellness value; The average ticket price for tourists; This refers to the annual number of tourists received.

6. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer of the ecological spillover effect assessment system includes a temperature regulation layer.

7. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature regulation layer includes internal cooling efficiency indicators and cold island effect indicators.

8. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the value of the internal cooling effect is as follows: in, The value of annual internal cooling benefits of the ring-city greenbelt; The annual cooling effect of the green belt around the city, converted into electricity consumption; The average electricity price in the region; The annual cooling effect of the ring-shaped green belt, converted into energy consumption, is calculated based on the temperature difference between the interior of the green belt and the impermeable surface. The calculation formula is as follows: in, Equivalent heat; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; This is the temperature difference value; The average surface temperature of the impermeable area in the city; The average surface temperature of the greenbelt area surrounding the city.

9. The method for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of a ring-city greenbelt according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for the cold island effect index is: in, The value of the urban greenbelt's annual cooling island effect; The green belt around the city causes heat loss to the surrounding air due to the cooling island effect; The average electricity price in the region; The specific heat of air at constant pressure; air density; To affect air altitude; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; For the first Area of ​​each buffer zone; The temperature difference between adjacent buffer zones; This represents the total number of buffers.

10. A system for evaluating the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring-city greenbelt as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, an evaluation system construction module, an indicator calculation module, a value assessment module, and a report generation module; among which: The data acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source basic data of the green belt area around the city, including ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data and geospatial data. The data preprocessing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to perform consistency processing on the acquired ecological monitoring data, remote sensing data, and geospatial data to obtain standardized evaluation data. The consistency processing includes outlier removal, missing value completion, coordinate system unification, and spatial registration. The assessment system construction module is connected to the data preprocessing module and is used to construct an ecological benefit assessment system and an ecological spillover effect assessment system for the ring green belt based on the standardized assessment data. The assessment system includes a target layer, a functional layer and an indicator layer, wherein the functional layer is used to classify and characterize different ecological service functions and spillover effect types. The indicator calculation module is connected to the evaluation system construction module and is used to perform indicator quantification calculation on the standardized evaluation data according to the evaluation system to obtain the ecological benefit indicator value and ecological spillover effect indicator value of the ring green belt. The value assessment module is connected to the indicator calculation module and is used to calculate the value of the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt based on the ecological benefit indicator value and the ecological spillover effect indicator value, using multiple value assessment methods to obtain the ecological benefit value result and the spillover effect value result, and obtain the comprehensive ecological value result. The report generation module is connected to the value assessment module and is used to generate an assessment report on the ecological benefits and spillover effects of the ring green belt based on the comprehensive ecological value results, and output the spatial distribution information and statistical analysis results of the assessment results.

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