An under-forest economy standard land integrated investigation and comprehensive evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of under-forest economy standard ground integration investigation and comprehensive evaluation method, it is related to under-forest economy and forestry ecological monitoring technical field.The method includes: determining target under-forest economy type and adopting the method of system sampling and stratified sampling to lay out standardization sample plot and control area;Baseline investigation of sample wood, under-forest economy special index investigation, soil and environmental factor determination are carried out in turn;The comprehensive evaluation model of the coupling of ecological benefit and economic benefit is constructed, and the comprehensive benefit score is calculated to complete standard ground grade evaluation;Support integrated data acquisition, storage, analysis and visualization module information processing system.The application realizes the standardization and evaluation integration of under-forest economy investigation, improves the data comparability and evaluation scientificity, and can be widely applied to dynamic monitoring and comprehensive benefit evaluation of various under-forest economy modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of understory economy and forestry ecological monitoring technology, specifically to an integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard plots of understory economy. Background Technology

[0002] Understory economy, an eco-friendly economic model relying on forests, woodlands, and their ecological environment, adhering to the principle of sustainable management, and characterized by diversified operations, encompasses a variety of activities including understory planting, understory animal husbandry, product harvesting and processing, and forest landscape utilization. Currently, my country's understory economy industry has achieved significant development, with understory planting areas continuously expanding, and understory animal husbandry and forest product processing gradually becoming more large-scale, initially forming a diversified management pattern of "forest as the mainstay, with diversified understory operations."

[0003] However, existing methods for surveying and evaluating understory economy have the following technical defects and shortcomings: (1) Lack of unified standards for sample plot layout: Existing surveys often adopt random or experience-based point selection methods, resulting in varying sample plot locations, sizes, and shapes. The lack of standardized design and standardized procedures leads to poor data comparability across different survey areas and time periods, making it difficult to accurately reflect the spatiotemporal dynamics of understory economic development.

[0004] (2) The survey indicators are poorly adapted to the understory economy: Traditional forest resource surveys mainly target the trees themselves, and the survey factors include diameter at breast height, tree height, canopy closure, and volume. There is a lack of a survey system specifically for understory economy indicators such as the growth status of understory crops, the intensity of understory breeding activities, and the yield and quality of non-timber forest products. This cannot meet the data needs for comprehensive evaluation of the understory economy.

[0005] (3) The assessment of ecological benefits and economic benefits is disconnected: existing assessment methods mostly focus on economic benefits (such as output value and net income) or ecological benefits (such as water conservation, soil conservation and carbon sequestration), and fail to build a coupling relationship model between ecological indicators and economic indicators, making it difficult to scientifically evaluate the comprehensive benefits and sustainable development level of under-forest economy.

[0006] (4) Fragmented data collection and processing methods: At present, the collection of data on the under-forest economy mainly relies on manual surveys and visual estimations. The data has poor timeliness and lacks standardization. There is a lack of information management tools for the entire process from data collection, sorting, storage to analysis and application, which restricts the dynamic monitoring and scientific decision-making of the under-forest economy.

[0007] (5) The standard plot setting is not precisely matched with the type of under-forest economy: Although documents such as the "National Under-forest Economy Demonstration Base Construction Guide" have established a basic framework, there are no scientific and quantitative technical regulations on what standard plot size, layout method and monitoring cycle should be adopted for different types of under-forest economy (forest medicine, forest fungus, forest vegetables, forest bees, etc.).

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a standard survey and evaluation method for understory economic sites that can uniformly set specifications, cover multi-dimensional survey indicators, and achieve synergistic evaluation of ecological and economic benefits, in order to make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest understory economic sites, in order to solve the technical problems of low standardization, poor indicator adaptability, disconnect between ecological and economic assessment, and lack of data processing tools in existing forest understory economic survey and evaluation methods.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the target understory economic type and establish standardized sample plots. Based on the classification of understory economic development models, the target understory economic types to be investigated were determined. In the target forest land, a combination of systematic sampling and stratified sampling was used to set up standard plots of predetermined size, and experimental and control areas were established respectively. Step 2: Baseline Survey of Sample Trees and Determination of Stand Structure 2.1 Conduct a comprehensive tree-by-tree measurement of all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm within the standard plot, determine the basic information of the forest stand, and mark each tree individually and enter the data into the data processing system; 2.2 Classify the trees in the standard plots by growth type, and classify the trees in the standard plots monitored in two adjacent periods into four categories: retained trees, boundary trees, dead and damaged trees, and harvested trees; 2.3 Assess the impact of understory economic activities on trees, and trigger an early warning mechanism when the number of dead trees reaches a threshold; Step 3: Survey and Data Collection of Specific Indicators for Understory Economy Within the standardized sample plots, corresponding specific survey indicator data are matched and collected based on the target understory economic type. Step 4: Measurement of Soil and Environmental Factors Soil samples from different soil layers were collected within the standard plot and soil physicochemical indicators were measured. Environmental factors of the standard plot were also recorded. Step 5: Construct a comprehensive benefit evaluation index system Construct a hierarchical and categorized comprehensive benefit evaluation index system that includes ecological benefit indicators and economic benefit indicators; Step Six: Standard Land Grading Based on Comprehensive Evaluation Model A comprehensive benefit assessment model is constructed to calculate the comprehensive benefit score of standard land, and the standard land is classified into different levels based on the comprehensive benefit score, outputting the classification results and management recommendations; Step 7: Information Collection and Processing of Standard Land Data A computer-readable data acquisition and processing system, including a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data processing and analysis module, and a visualization module, enables full-process information management from data acquisition, storage, analysis to visualization.

[0011] Furthermore, in step one, the understory economic development model includes four types: understory planting model, understory breeding model, understory harvesting and processing model, and forest landscape utilization model.

[0012] Furthermore, in the forest underplanting model, the standard plots adopt fixed sample plot specifications of 20m×20m or 30m×30m; in the forest under-breeding model, the survey scope is extended to combinations of multiple adjacent standard plots or buffer zones are set according to the radius of breeding activities.

[0013] Furthermore, in step two, the survey factors for measuring each tree include: tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, height below the branch, crown width, growth vigor, and tree spatial coordinates; the basic stand information includes: stand canopy closure, average tree height, average DBH, number of trees per hectare, and composition of dominant tree species.

[0014] Furthermore, in step two, the growth of the diameter at breast height and tree height of the preserved trees are recorded respectively, the imported trees are included in the ecological accumulation as new resources, and the nature of the dead and harvested trees is recorded, distinguishing between natural deadness, commercial logging and disaster losses, and the comprehensive benefit accounting method is adjusted accordingly.

[0015] Furthermore, in step three, the specific survey indicators for different types of understory economy are as follows: Understory planting model: the types, varieties, sources, planting density, survival rate, plant height, ground diameter, crown width, coverage, phenological period, occurrence of diseases and pests, yield, quality grade, harvesting time and harvesting method of the planted crops, as well as the planting model and supporting cultivation and management measures; Forest-based farming model: livestock and poultry species, breeds, stocking density, activity range, health status, growth and weight gain, survival rate, slaughter rate, disease occurrence and control, manure treatment methods, and the degree of impact of farming activities on forest soil, water quality, and understory vegetation; Forest understory harvesting and processing model: harvesting species, harvesting quantity, harvesting time, harvesting method, resource regeneration status, primary processing technology, and types and yields of processed products; Forest landscape utilization patterns: number of tourists, tourism revenue, infrastructure construction, environmental impact assessment, frequency and effectiveness of nature education activities.

[0016] Further, in step four, soil samples were collected from the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers. The soil physicochemical indicators measured included soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, and soil moisture content. The environmental factors recorded included altitude, slope, aspect, slope position, soil type, and thickness of the litter layer.

[0017] Furthermore, in step five, the ecological benefit indicators include carbon sequestration increment, water conservation capacity, soil retention capacity, biodiversity index increase, forest understory vegetation coverage change, and air quality improvement index; the economic benefit indicators include output value, net income, input-output ratio, profit per unit area, investment payback period, and number of jobs created.

[0018] Furthermore, in step six, the mathematical expression for constructing the comprehensive benefit evaluation model of standard forest understory economic land is as follows: Z=α×S eco +β×S econ Where Z represents the comprehensive benefit score of the standard land; S eco The standardized comprehensive ecological benefit index comprises four sub-items: carbon sequestration increment, water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity contribution, which are weighted and synthesized after dimensionless conversion; S econ It is a standardized comprehensive economic benefit index, which includes three sub-items: output value, net income, and input-output ratio; α is the ecological benefit weighting coefficient, and β is the economic benefit weighting coefficient; Standard land is classified into three levels based on its comprehensive benefit score: Z≥0.8 is Level 1, 0.6≤Z<0.8 is Level 2, and Z<0.6 is Level 3.

[0019] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiments of the present invention can produce at least the following technical effects: (1) This invention solves the problem of data incomparability caused by arbitrary sample plot setting in traditional surveys by adopting a standardized sample plot system with fixed size, fixed layout, systematic stratified sampling, and strict standard plot boundary definition and marking methods. This makes the forest economy survey data of different regions and different times have good consistency and comparability, and provides standardized technical means for long-term dynamic monitoring of forest economy.

[0020] (2) This invention designs systematic and exclusive survey indicators for four main development models: understory planting, breeding, harvesting and processing, and forest landscape utilization. This fills the technical gap in traditional forest resource surveys, which only focus on trees and ignore the main body of understory economy, and makes the evaluation results closer to the actual operation and management needs of understory economy.

[0021] (3) This invention overcomes the defect of separating ecological and economic indicators in existing evaluation methods by constructing a dual evaluation system of ecological benefit model and economic benefit model and integrating the two with a comprehensive weight model. It can truly reflect the value orientation of "ecological priority and green development" of under-forest economy and provide a quantitative basis for the scientific evaluation and classification of under-forest economy demonstration areas. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is the overall technical roadmap for the integrated survey and comprehensive ecological and economic assessment method of the standard land for forest understory economy of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the standard layout of the present invention, wherein... Figure 2 'a' represents the rectangular plot layout. Figure 2 b is a schematic diagram of natural boundary adjustments considering topographic changes; Figure 3 This is a sample diagram of the baseline survey and measurement record table for each tree in this invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the composition of the forest understory economy-specific indicator system of this invention, displayed in layers according to four forest understory economy models; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of soil and environmental factor survey points for this invention. Figure 6 This is a logical framework diagram of the comprehensive benefit evaluation model of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a sample diagram of the standard management and visualization output of diagnostic reports for this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land, specifically including the following steps: Step 1: Determining the target understory economic type and setting up standardized sample plots ①Based on the classification of four development models of under-forest economy (under-forest planting, under-forest breeding, under-forest collection and processing, and forest landscape utilization) in the "National Under-Forest Economy Demonstration Base Construction Guide", and in combination with specific management objectives, the target under-forest economy type to be investigated is determined.

[0026] ② In the target forest land, based on the site conditions, stand structure characteristics, and the intended understory economic species, a combination of systematic sampling and stratified sampling methods is used to establish standard plots of predetermined dimensions. The establishment of standard plots follows these principles: fixed area, clearly marked location, precise boundaries, and strong representativeness. For common understory planting patterns, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure a, the standard plot size varies depending on the management method, with fixed plot sizes of 20m×20m or 30m×30m being preferred; for understory aquaculture activities, such as... Figure 2 The survey area shown in b should be extended to a combination of multiple adjacent standard plots or a buffer zone should be set up according to the radius of aquaculture activities. To verify the reliability of the data, a control area (the same forest stand without understory economy) should be set up and corresponded one-to-one with the experimental area, and the same method should be used to conduct synchronous surveys on each area.

[0027] Step 2: Baseline Survey of Sample Trees and Determination of Stand Structure Within the designated standard plots, a comprehensive tree-by-tree measurement was conducted on all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm. Sample tree baseline survey and tree-by-tree measurement record forms were created, such as... Figure 3As shown. The survey factors included: tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, height below the branch, crown width, growth vigor (healthy / weak / dead / newly added), and spatial coordinates of the trees. Simultaneously, basic information such as stand canopy closure, average tree height, average DBH, number of trees per hectare, and dominant tree species composition were measured within the standard plot. This baseline survey of sample trees provides fundamental data support for subsequent assessments of the impact of understory economic activities on tree growth and for constructing ecological benefit models. In this step, each tree within the standard plot was individually tagged and its data entered into the data processing system for long-term tracking.

[0028] Based on this, the trees within the standard plots were classified by growth type, and the trees within the standard plots monitored in adjacent periods were divided into four categories: retained trees, introduced trees, deadwood, and harvested trees. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height growth of retained trees were recorded separately, introduced trees were included in ecological accumulation as newly added resources, and the nature of deadwood and harvested trees was classified and recorded (distinguishing between natural loss, commercial logging, and disaster losses), and the comprehensive benefit accounting caliber was adjusted accordingly.

[0029] Meanwhile, based on the forest stand structure analysis, the impact of understory economic activities on trees is assessed, and an early warning mechanism is triggered when the number of dead trees reaches a certain threshold.

[0030] Step 3: Survey and Data Collection of Specific Indicators for Understory Economy like Figure 4 As shown, a multi-dimensional survey of specific indicators for understory economy was conducted simultaneously within the standardized sample plots. The survey content was matched with corresponding indicators based on the target understory economy type: (1) Survey of specific indicators for understory planting: including the type, variety, source, planting density, survival rate, plant height, ground diameter, crown width, coverage, phenological period (budding / leaf unfolding / flowering / fruiting / dormancy), occurrence of pests and diseases (damage rate, severity), yield, quality grade, harvest time and harvesting method, etc. At the same time, the planting pattern (such as forest medicinal herbs, forest fungi, forest vegetables, etc.) and supporting cultivation and management measures are recorded.

[0031] (2) Survey of specific indicators for understory farming: including livestock and poultry species, breeds, stocking density, activity range, health status, growth and weight gain, survival rate, slaughter rate, disease occurrence and control, and manure treatment methods. At the same time, assess the impact of farming activities on forest soil, water quality, and understory vegetation.

[0032] (3) Survey of specific indicators for under-forest collection and processing mode: record the collection varieties, collection amount, collection time, collection method, resource regeneration status, primary processing technology, type and output of processed products, etc.

[0033] (4) Survey of specific indicators for forest landscape utilization patterns: record the number of tourists, tourism revenue, facility construction status, environmental impact assessment, frequency and effectiveness of nature education activities, etc.

[0034] Step 4: Measurement of Soil and Environmental Factors A schematic diagram of the layout of soil and environmental factor survey points is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, soil samples were simultaneously collected from the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers within the standard plot. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, and soil moisture content were measured. Environmental factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, slope position, soil type, and thickness of the litter layer were also recorded.

[0035] Step 5: Construction of an Ecological Benefit and Economic Evaluation Indicator System Construct a hierarchical and categorized comprehensive benefit evaluation index system, including two main categories: ecological benefit indicators and economic indicators, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0036] Ecological benefit indicators include: carbon sequestration increment, water conservation capacity (calculated based on annual runoff), soil retention capacity (calculated based on soil erosion prevention), biodiversity index increase, forest cover change, and air quality improvement index. Economic benefit indicators include: output value, net income, input-output ratio, profit per unit area, investment payback period, and number of jobs created.

[0037] Step Six: Standard Land Grading Based on Comprehensive Evaluation Model The mathematical expression for constructing a comprehensive benefit evaluation model for standard forest understory economic plots is as follows: Z=α×S eco +β×S econ Where Z represents the comprehensive benefit score of the standard land; S eco A standardized comprehensive ecological benefit index (comprising four sub-items: carbon sequestration increment, water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity contribution, weighted and synthesized after dimensionless scaling); S econ The standardized comprehensive economic benefit index includes three sub-items: output value, net income, and input-output ratio; α is the ecological benefit weight coefficient, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6; β is the economic benefit weight coefficient, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6; α + β = 1. Furthermore, the weights of each ecological benefit sub-item are determined by expert scoring or calculated using a data-driven entropy weight method.

[0038] The rating levels are determined based on the Z-score: Z≥0.8 is Level 1, 0.6≤Z<0.8 is Level 2, and Z<0.6 is Level 3. The rating results and management recommendations are then output.

[0039] Step 7: Standard Land Data Information Acquisition and Processing System A computer-readable data acquisition and processing system is constructed, including: a data acquisition module (integrating information acquisition methods such as GPS positioning, QR code / electronic tag scanning, and image recognition); a data storage module (archiving and storing data according to standard plot number, target understory economic type, and survey time); a data processing and analysis module (automatically and comprehensively evaluating the ecological and economic benefits of standard plots by calling the model formulas in step S6); and a visualization module (generating dynamic monitoring reports and assessment diagnostic maps of standard plots). Figure 7 As shown.

[0040] Example This embodiment takes a forest-medicinal herb model understory economic standard plot set up in a state-owned forest farm in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province as an example to specifically illustrate a method for integrated investigation and comprehensive evaluation of understory economic standard plots according to the present invention, including the following steps: Step 1: Determining the Target Understory Economy and Establishing Standard Plots A 35-year-old monoculture plantation of Chinese fir in a state-owned forest farm in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province, was selected as the experimental base for the forest-medicinal herb model. The forest site is located at 119°12′E, 29°19′N, with an altitude of 260-320 meters. The slope faces southeast with a gradient of 12-18°, and the soil type is red soil with a soil layer thickness greater than 60 cm. Following the requirements of step S1, a combination of stratified sampling and systematic sampling was used to establish 15 standard plots within the aforementioned forest site. Nine standard plots were set up in the forest-medicinal herb model experimental area, and six standard plots were set up in the control area (without understory planting). Each standard plot was 30m × 30m (900m²). 2 The boundaries were precisely located using RTK equipment, and fixed boundary stakes were buried at the four corners. For the forest-medicinal herb model standard plots, understory crop survey plots were set up within them in a 5m×5m grid, with 4 survey plots evenly distributed within each standard plot. The GPS coordinates and azimuth information of the center point of all standard plots were entered into the data acquisition and processing system for archiving.

[0041] Step 2: Baseline Survey of Sample Trees and Determination of Stand Structure Before the start of the spring growing season in 2024, the first baseline survey of sample trees was conducted on all 15 standard plots (the sample plots are reviewed annually). The survey results showed that the average tree density in the experimental area was approximately 1050 trees / ha, the average diameter at breast height (DBH) was approximately 18.6 cm, the average tree height was approximately 15.2 m, and the stand canopy closure was approximately 0.75–0.82. The dominant tree species was Chinese fir, accounting for 92% of the total number of trees in the stand. After measuring each tree, all trees in the standard plot were individually tagged and numbered, and electronic files corresponding to the physical tags were generated in the data acquisition system. Sample trees were classified into four categories according to growth type: retained trees, introduced trees, deadwood, and harvested trees. The quantity and proportion of each category were entered into the system. The above basic data were used to subsequently assess the impact of medicinal herb planting activities on tree growth, mortality rate, and new growth, and served as baseline data for assessing carbon sequestration increment and biodiversity change.

[0042] Step 3: Survey and Data Collection of Specific Indicators for Understory Planting Within the experimental area, nine standard plots (nine 30m×30m experimental plots) were established (each plot further divided into four 5m×5m herb survey quadrats, totaling 36 quadrats). Following step S3, specific indicators for understory planting were collected. This example selected *Polygonatum sibiricum*, *Polygonatum multiflorum*, and *Dendrobium officinale* as the main medicinal herb varieties. In the first year after planting, seedling survival rate, plant height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth were recorded. Specific survey content included: a planting density of 1600–2000 plants / mu for *Polygonatum sibiricum* (based on the number of plants within each quadrat), with a survival rate of 92.3%. In the first year, the average plant height was 15.6cm, and the average DBH was 0.52cm; after one year, plant height increased to 34.2cm, and DBH increased to 0.89cm (an increase of 119% and 71%, respectively). Coverage increased from 8% in the first year to over 40%. The phenological period was normal; the incidence of diseases and pests was low (leaf diseases accounted for approximately 5.2%, mainly anthracnose; pests were mainly snails and slugs, with an incidence of approximately 4%). The above data was entered into the data collection system and archived according to forest land number and medicinal herb type.

[0043] Step 4: Measurement of Soil and Environmental Factors In the initial stage after the establishment of the standard plots and during each annual review cycle, soil and environmental factors of the standard plots for understory economic development were sampled and measured according to step S4. In this embodiment, soil samples were collected from the 0-20cm and 20-40cm layers in the experimental and control areas, respectively. After being mixed evenly, 1kg of samples were retained using the quartering method. The results showed that after one year of planting medicinal herbs, the organic matter content of the top 0-20cm soil in the experimental area increased from 2.53% to 2.97% (an increase of 17.4%), available nitrogen increased from 112 mg / kg to 136 mg / kg (an increase of 21.4%), available phosphorus increased from 8.6 mg / kg to 11.2 mg / kg (an increase of 30.2%), available potassium increased from 98 mg / kg to 118 mg / kg (an increase of 20.4%), and soil pH increased from 4.68 to 4.95 (an increase of 0.27). In the control area, the changes in various soil nutrient indicators were not significant at the same time (organic matter increased slightly from 2.51% to 2.55%, but the increase was not obvious). Simultaneously recorded environmental factors such as slope aspect (southeast), slope (12-18°), altitude (260-320 m), and thickness of litter layer (3-5 cm) were used as correction parameters in the comprehensive evaluation.

[0044] Step 5: Ecological and Economic Benefits Assessment Based on step S5, an indicator system is constructed to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of the standard land in this embodiment for 2024-2025.

[0045] Regarding ecological benefit assessment: the increase in carbon sequestration was estimated by combining the aboveground biomass of forest vegetation and the increase in soil organic carbon. The average annual increase in carbon sequestration for the standard plot was 8.2 tCO2·e / hm. 2 Water conservation capacity was estimated through runoff observation and sample plot runoff coefficients, with the average annual water conservation capacity of the standard plot reaching 1860 m³. 3 / hm 2 Soil retention capacity was calculated based on the revised general soil loss equation, resulting in an average annual reduction of soil erosion of approximately 25.3 t / hm² in the standard plot. 2 In terms of biodiversity, the number of associated herbaceous plant species increased from 12 to 26, and the Shannon-Wiener index rose from 1.68 to 2.35 (an increase of 39.9%). Understory vegetation coverage significantly improved (from 25% to 65%).

[0046] In terms of economic benefit assessment: Based on a three-year harvest period after planting (calculated according to a three-year growth plan), the estimated average annual dry product yield is 1200 kg / hm². 2 Based on current market prices, the output value reaches 144,000 yuan / hm². 2 After deducting costs such as seedlings, labor, and fertilizer, the average annual net income is approximately 85,000 yuan per hectare. 2The input-output ratio is 1:2.45. Twelve new temporary jobs were created in the demonstration area, generating an average annual income increase of approximately 42,000 yuan per person.

[0047] Step Six: Standard Land Grading Assessment Calculate the comprehensive benefit score Z of the standard plot in the experimental area according to step S6. The standardized comprehensive ecological benefit index S... eco The standardized comprehensive economic benefit index S is 0.746. econ The value is 0.738. Taking weighting coefficients α=0.5 and β=0.5, Z=0.742 is calculated. According to the grading standard (Z≥0.8 is Level 1, 0.6≤Z<0.8 is Level 2, Z<0.6 is Level 3), the comprehensive grade of the understory economic standard land in the experimental area of ​​this embodiment is rated as Level 2. Management recommendations include: moderately controlling the planting density of Polygonatum to improve ventilation and light conditions in the lower layer, adding a drip irrigation system to alleviate drought stress, and extending the pest and disease monitoring cycle to once every half month.

[0048] Step 7: Integration and Operation of the Data Acquisition and Processing System Throughout the entire implementation process, data entry and processing are completed using the system described in step S7. The data acquisition module inputs sample tree measurement data and medicinal herb growth indicators at the survey site via a handheld terminal, and uses image recognition to assist in recording the types and severity of medicinal herb diseases. The data storage module automatically archives data according to a three-level directory: "Standard Plot Number—Survey Year—Understory Economy Type." The data processing and analysis module generates a dynamic monitoring report (including a medicinal herb growth curve report) quarterly. After the annual assessment in 2024, the system automatically generates 15 personalized monitoring reports for standard plots and diagnostic assessment line graphs, providing visualized data support for management plans.

[0049] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation of standard forest understory economic land, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the target understory economic type and establish standardized sample plots. Based on the classification of understory economic development models, the target understory economic types to be investigated were determined. In the target forest land, a combination of systematic sampling and stratified sampling was used to set up standard plots of predetermined size, and experimental and control areas were established respectively. Step 2: Baseline Survey of Sample Trees and Determination of Stand Structure 2.1 Conduct a comprehensive tree-by-tree measurement of all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm within the standard plot, determine the basic information of the forest stand, and mark each tree individually and enter the data into the data processing system; 2.2 Classify the trees in the standard plots by growth type, and classify the trees in the standard plots monitored in two adjacent periods into four categories: retained trees, boundary trees, dead and damaged trees, and harvested trees; 2.3 Assess the impact of understory economic activities on trees, and trigger an early warning mechanism when the number of dead trees reaches a threshold; Step 3: Survey and Data Collection of Specific Indicators for Understory Economy Within the standardized sample plots, corresponding specific survey indicator data are matched and collected based on the target understory economic type. Step 4: Measurement of Soil and Environmental Factors Soil samples from different soil layers were collected within the standard plot and soil physicochemical indicators were measured. Environmental factors of the standard plot were also recorded. Step 5: Construct a comprehensive benefit evaluation index system Construct a hierarchical and categorized comprehensive benefit evaluation index system that includes ecological benefit indicators and economic benefit indicators; Step Six: Standard Land Grading Based on Comprehensive Evaluation Model A comprehensive benefit assessment model is constructed to calculate the comprehensive benefit score of standard land, and the standard land is classified into different levels based on the comprehensive benefit score, outputting the classification results and management recommendations; Step 7: Information Collection and Processing of Standard Land Data A computer-readable data acquisition and processing system, including a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data processing and analysis module, and a visualization module, enables full-process information management from data acquisition, storage, analysis to visualization.

2. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the understory economic development model includes four types: understory planting model, understory breeding model, understory harvesting and processing model, and forest landscape utilization model.

3. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 2, characterized in that, The forest understory planting model uses fixed plot sizes of 20m×20m or 30m×30m for standard plots; the forest understory aquaculture model extends the survey scope to combinations of multiple adjacent standard plots or sets up buffer zones according to the radius of aquaculture activities.

4. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the survey factors for measuring each tree include: tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, height below the branch, crown width, growth vigor, and tree spatial coordinates; the basic stand information includes: stand canopy closure, average tree height, average DBH, number of trees per hectare, and dominant tree species composition.

5. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the growth of the diameter at breast height and tree height of the preserved trees are recorded respectively. The trees entering the boundary are included in the ecological accumulation as new resources. The nature of the dead and harvested trees is recorded, distinguishing between natural deadness, commercial logging and disaster losses, and the comprehensive benefit accounting method is adjusted accordingly.

6. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the specific survey indicators for different types of understory economy are as follows: Understory planting model: the types, varieties, sources, planting density, survival rate, plant height, ground diameter, crown width, coverage, phenological period, occurrence of diseases and pests, yield, quality grade, harvesting time and harvesting method of the planted crops, as well as the planting model and supporting cultivation and management measures; Forest-based farming model: livestock and poultry species, breeds, stocking density, activity range, health status, growth and weight gain, survival rate, slaughter rate, disease occurrence and control, manure treatment methods, and the degree of impact of farming activities on forest soil, water quality, and understory vegetation; Forest understory harvesting and processing model: harvesting species, harvesting quantity, harvesting time, harvesting method, resource regeneration status, primary processing technology, and types and yields of processed products; Forest landscape utilization patterns: number of tourists, tourism revenue, infrastructure construction, environmental impact assessment, frequency and effectiveness of nature education activities.

7. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step four involves collecting soil samples from the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers. The measured soil physicochemical indicators include soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, and soil moisture content. The recorded environmental factors include altitude, slope, aspect, slope position, soil type, and thickness of the litter layer.

8. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, the ecological benefit indicators include carbon sequestration increment, water conservation capacity, soil retention capacity, biodiversity index increase, forest understory vegetation coverage change, and air quality improvement index; the economic benefit indicators include output value, net income, input-output ratio, profit per unit area, investment payback period, and number of jobs created.

9. The integrated survey and comprehensive evaluation method for standard forest economic land according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step six, the mathematical expression for constructing the comprehensive benefit evaluation model of standard forest understory economic land is as follows: Z=α×S eco +β×S econ ; Where Z represents the comprehensive benefit score of the standard land; S eco The standardized comprehensive ecological benefit index comprises four sub-items: carbon sequestration increment, water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity contribution, which are weighted and synthesized after dimensionless conversion; S econ It is a standardized comprehensive economic benefit index, which includes three sub-items: output value, net income, and input-output ratio; α is the ecological benefit weighting coefficient, and β is the economic benefit weighting coefficient; Standard land is classified into three levels based on its comprehensive benefit score: Z≥0.8 is Level 1, 0.6≤Z<0.8 is Level 2, and Z<0.6 is Level 3.

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