Forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology

Abstract

The application provides a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology, and relates to the technical field of forest fire simulation.The forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology comprises a main control unit, a virtual reality device, a projection system, a scene construction module, a sensor module and a data interaction interface; the main control unit adopts a high-performance computer system, integrates advanced graphic processing chips and large-capacity memories, runs special forest fire simulation software, is used for coordinating the work of each module, receiving and processing the data of the sensor module, and sending instructions to the virtual reality device and the projection system.Through the combination of virtual reality technology and a high-definition projection system, a three-dimensional, continuous and dynamic fire scene is constructed, users can operate in situ through a head-mounted display and a handle, the sense of reality and immersion of simulation training are significantly improved, and the on-the-spot reaction ability and psychological adaptability of training personnel are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest fire simulation technology, specifically a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology. Background Technology

[0002] Forest fires are a natural disaster that poses a serious threat to the ecological environment, forest resources, and human life and property. In order to effectively prevent and respond to forest fires and improve the fire fighting capabilities and emergency response speed of relevant personnel, high-quality simulation training is essential.

[0003] Currently, existing methods for simulating forest fires have many drawbacks. Traditional desktop simulation software mainly presents fire scenarios through two-dimensional images and text information. This method lacks realism and immersion, making it difficult for trainees to truly experience the complex environment, tense atmosphere, and various emergencies at a forest fire scene. As a result, the training effect is not ideal and cannot provide effective guidance for actual fire response.

[0004] While field drills can provide a relatively realistic experience to some extent, they have many limitations. First, field drills are costly, requiring significant human, material, and financial resources, including expenses for venue rental, equipment allocation, and personnel organization. Second, field drills are greatly limited by site conditions, making it difficult to simulate various complex and diverse forest terrains and fire scenarios. In addition, field drills also carry high safety risks, such as the possibility of an accidental fire during the drill, causing irreparable damage to the environment and people.

[0005] Meanwhile, existing simulation devices are insufficient in simulating the complex physical phenomena of forest fires. They cannot accurately simulate the spread speed and direction of fire under different terrain and vegetation conditions, as well as the diffusion patterns of smoke. This makes it impossible for trainees to fully connect with the development process and characteristics of forest fires, thus affecting their mastery and application of fire response strategies. Therefore, those skilled in the art provide a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology to solve the problems mentioned in the background. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology, which solves the problems of traditional methods lacking realism and immersion, and being unable to accurately simulate the spread speed and direction of fire under different terrain and vegetation conditions.

[0007] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology, comprising a main control unit, virtual reality equipment, projection system, scene construction module, sensor module and data interaction interface; The main control unit employs a high-performance computer system, integrating advanced graphics processing chips and large-capacity memory. It runs specialized forest fire simulation software to coordinate the work of various modules, receive and process data from sensor modules, send instructions to virtual reality devices and projection systems, and interact with monitoring and early warning systems and command and firefighting systems through data interaction interfaces. The main control unit is pre-installed with software specifically developed for forest fire simulation. This software is based on advanced physical simulation algorithms and mathematical models, such as fire spread models, heat transfer models, and smoke diffusion models based on computational fluid dynamics. These models can accurately simulate the interactions between various complex physical phenomena in forest fires. Based on preset parameters and actual data obtained from sensor modules and monitoring and early warning systems, it accurately simulates the entire process of a forest fire from its occurrence, development, to its end. The main control unit is responsible for coordinating the work between various modules of the device, receiving and processing real-time data from the sensor modules, and sending control commands to the virtual reality equipment and projection system to achieve real-time updates and dynamic interaction of the simulated scene. At the same time, it conducts bidirectional data transmission and interaction with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and firefighting system through the data interaction interface. The main control unit also has intelligent decision analysis function, which can evaluate the user's operation in real time based on the data in the simulation process and the preset evaluation criteria, and provide the user with corresponding feedback and suggestions. The virtual reality device includes a head-mounted display and a controller. The head-mounted display has a high-resolution screen and a high refresh rate, and has a built-in gyroscope and accelerometer. The controller is used for users to interact with the virtual environment. The projection system consists of multiple high-definition projectors, which are rationally planned and installed according to the size, shape and layout of the simulated site. It uses blending technology to achieve seamless splicing of the projected images and can adjust the projection parameters in real time according to the instructions of the main control unit. It can project clear and bright simulated forest fire scenes onto the surrounding walls and ground of the simulated site. The projectors use 3LCD or DLP projection technology to ensure color reproduction and image quality. The projection system employs advanced blending technology. Through precise calibration and debugging, it can achieve seamless splicing between multiple projected images, with the splicing error controlled within ±1mm. This effectively avoids image gaps and overlaps, creating a complete and continuous stereoscopic simulation environment for users. During the blending process, an image edge blending algorithm is used to process the edges of adjacent projected images, resulting in a natural and smooth transition after splicing. The projection system has the function of adjusting projection parameters in real time. It can change parameters such as brightness, contrast, color, and projection angle in real time according to the instructions sent by the main control unit. It can simulate different weather conditions, time scenarios, and different stages of fire development, further enhancing the realism and diversity of the simulation. For example, when simulating a fire scene at night, the projection brightness is reduced and the color parameters are adjusted to create a dark and tense atmosphere. In the early stage of simulating a fire, the projection parameters are adjusted to make the flame color lighter and the smoke thinner. As the fire develops, the parameters are gradually changed to reflect the intensification of the fire. The scene construction module includes a 3D model library and a terrain generator, used to construct virtual forest fire scenes. The 3D model library stores a rich variety of highly realistic 3D models of forest vegetation, terrain features, buildings, fire-fighting equipment, etc. These models have undergone meticulous modeling and texture processing, with a level of detail of 3 or higher, accurately reflecting the appearance and characteristics of different objects. The model library adopts a hierarchical and categorized management method for easy and quick retrieval and access; for example, forest vegetation models are classified and stored according to different tree species and growth stages; terrain features are organized according to different terrain types and features. The terrain generator can generate realistic forest terrain based on actual geographic data, such as high-precision digital elevation model data, vegetation distribution data, and soil type data. The terrain accuracy reaches ±1m, accurately simulating various complex terrain features such as mountains, plains, valleys, and ridges, as well as the impact of different terrains on fire spread and fire fighting. The terrain generator uses fractal algorithm and physical simulation technology to consider factors such as terrain undulation, slope, and curvature when generating terrain, making the generated terrain more natural and realistic. At the same time, it accurately plants corresponding vegetation models on the terrain according to vegetation distribution data to form forest vegetation cover that matches reality. During the simulation, the main control unit selects a suitable model from the 3D model library based on the preset fire scene parameters, and generates the corresponding terrain through the terrain generator to quickly construct a virtual environment that is highly similar to the actual fire scene. When constructing the scene, the spatial position relationship and mutual occlusion relationship between the models are considered to ensure the realism and rationality of the scene. For example, the tree models are reasonably laid out according to the undulation and slope of the terrain to avoid the situation where trees grow in unsuitable locations or intertwine with each other. The sensor modules are distributed throughout the simulated area, including but not limited to temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and wind speed sensors. The temperature sensors are high-precision thermistor sensors, distributed at specific intervals and heights throughout the simulated area, with a focus on areas near the fire source and those potentially affected by the fire, to monitor temperature changes in real time. The smoke sensors are highly sensitive and installed at different heights and locations to comprehensively detect changes in smoke concentration within the simulated environment. The wind speed sensors are ultrasonic wind speed sensors, installed in open areas where wind speed can be accurately measured, such as open areas or windy spots within the simulated area. Humidity sensors are installed in different locations to measure ambient humidity in real time, collecting simulated environmental data and transmitting it to the main control unit. These sensors collect various data from the simulated environment in real time and transmit the data to the main control unit using standard communication protocols. The sensor data acquisition frequency can be adjusted as needed; for example, increasing the data acquisition frequency in the early stages of a fire or when the fire intensity changes significantly, to more accurately capture changes in the simulated environment. After receiving the sensor data, the main control unit performs real-time analysis and processing, adjusting parameters such as the fire spread rate, smoke diffusion direction, and fire intensity in the simulated scenario to make the simulation more closely resemble real forest fire conditions.

[0008] The data interaction interface adopts a standard data communication protocol to realize data interaction with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and fire fighting system.

[0009] Preferably, the high-performance computer system in the main control unit is equipped with a high-speed solid-state drive with a storage capacity of not less than 1TB, and the forest fire simulation software is based on a fire spread model, a heat transfer model, and a smoke diffusion model based on computational fluid dynamics.

[0010] Preferably, the head-mounted display has a resolution of no less than 4K, capable of presenting clear and realistic virtual scene images, providing users with a delicate visual experience. The refresh rate is no less than 120Hz, effectively ensuring smooth visuals and reducing user dizziness. The gyroscope and accelerometer sensors have an angle measurement accuracy of ±0.1°, enabling real-time and precise capture of the user's head movements, achieving real-time and seamless switching of viewing angles, making the user feel as if they are truly in the midst of a forest fire. Furthermore, it is equipped with an advanced audio system that provides surround sound effects, further immersing the user and allowing them to experience various environmental sound effects such as the noise of the fire, the sound of flames, and the sound of wind. The motion capture accuracy of the controller is ±5mm, and the controller has vibration feedback functionality. The controller is equipped with multiple function buttons and a joystick. Users can simulate operating various fire extinguishing tools by using the buttons, adjusting the spray direction and intensity, etc., and control the movement direction and speed of the virtual character by using the joystick. Simultaneously, the controller has vibration feedback functionality; when the user performs certain operations, the controller will generate corresponding vibration feedback based on the force and effect of the operation, enhancing the user's operating experience and realism. Preferably, the projector brightness of the projection system is not less than 5000 lumens, the contrast ratio reaches 2000:1 or higher, and the splicing error of the projected image is controlled within ±1mm.

[0011] Preferably, the models in the 3D model library have a level of detail of 3 or higher, and the terrain generator generates terrain with an accuracy of ±1m.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature sensor has a measurement range of -20℃ to 100℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and the smoke sensor can detect smoke concentrations in the air as low as 0.1 mg / m³. 3 The wind speed sensor measures changes in speed, with a range of 0-60 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.2 m / s.

[0013] Preferably, the data interaction interface has a data transmission rate of no less than 100Mbps, supports wired and wireless connections, and can acquire information such as the precise geographical location of the fire, fire size, direction of spread, surrounding vegetation type and distribution, topographic features, and meteorological data. This data is then accurately transmitted to the main control unit. Upon receiving the monitoring data, the main control unit quickly and precisely recreates the fire scene virtually in the simulation device based on these actual conditions, ensuring a high degree of consistency between the simulated scene and the actual fire scene. Furthermore, the data interaction interface can transmit efficient firefighting strategies and plans, validated through numerous simulation experiments and real-world testing, to the command and firefighting system in a standardized data format, providing scientific and reliable decision support for actual firefighting. Simultaneously, the data interaction interface can also receive instructions and feedback information sent by the command and firefighting system, enabling bidirectional interaction and collaborative work between systems. It also transmits efficient firefighting strategies and plans from the simulation device to the command and firefighting system in a standardized data format.

[0014] A training method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. Obtain historical forest fire data through the monitoring and early warning system, and input the data into the simulation device; S2. Users wear virtual reality devices to simulate scenarios and conduct fire extinguishing operation training under the guidance of instructors; S3. The simulation device provides real-time feedback on the operation effect, and the instructor corrects user errors based on the evaluation report and teaches fire extinguishing techniques and strategies.

[0015] A decision support method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. When the monitoring and early warning system detects a forest fire, it transmits fire-related data to the simulation device; S2. The simulation device reproduces fire scenarios, analyzes different firefighting strategies, and provides the command and firefighting system with multiple firefighting plans and quantitative indicators of expected effects; S3. The command and firefighting system selects and adjusts the firefighting plan based on the actual situation on site; S4. During fire fighting, the monitoring and early warning system transmits data in real time, the simulation device adjusts the simulated scenario and re-analyzes the strategy, and the command and fighting system adjusts its decisions accordingly.

[0016] A research method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. Researchers used simulation devices to recreate forest fire scenarios by inputting different parameters; S2. Analyze the data during the simulation process, study the causes, development patterns and influencing factors of forest fires, and quantitatively analyze the impact of each factor on the spread of fire and the diffusion of smoke. S3. Evaluate the effectiveness of different forest fire prevention measures and firefighting techniques, and optimize and improve simulation models and strategy libraries.

[0017] Beneficial effects This invention provides a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology. It has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, by combining virtual reality technology with a high-definition projection system, a three-dimensional, continuous, and dynamic fire scene is constructed. Users can operate the scene in an immersive way through a head-mounted display and a controller, which significantly enhances the realism and immersion of the simulation training and improves the trainees' on-site reaction ability and psychological adaptability.

[0018] In this invention, by using a fire spread model, heat transfer model, and smoke diffusion model based on computational fluid dynamics, combined with real-time data feedback from high-precision sensors, this device can accurately simulate the development process of fires under different terrain, vegetation, and meteorological conditions, including complex physical phenomena such as fire spread direction, speed, and smoke diffusion, providing a reliable environment for training and scientific research.

[0019] In this invention, through a standardized data interaction interface, the device can achieve two-way data communication with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and firefighting system; when a real fire occurs, it can quickly reproduce the actual fire situation and verify the firefighting strategy in the simulation, providing visualized and quantitative scientific support for command and decision-making, and improving emergency response efficiency and collaborative combat capabilities.

[0020] Compared to on-site drills, this device allows for multiple and diverse simulation training sessions in an indoor environment, significantly reducing manpower, material resources, and site costs, while completely eliminating the risk of real fires and ensuring the safety of personnel and the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific structural composition of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology, including a main control unit, virtual reality equipment, projection system, scene construction module, sensor module and data interaction interface; The main control unit employs a high-performance computer system, integrating advanced graphics processing chips and large-capacity memory. It runs specialized forest fire simulation software to coordinate the work of various modules, receive and process data from sensor modules, send instructions to virtual reality devices and projection systems, and interact with monitoring and early warning systems and command and firefighting systems through data interaction interfaces. The main control unit is pre-installed with software specifically developed for forest fire simulation. This software is based on advanced physical simulation algorithms and mathematical models, such as fire spread models, heat transfer models, and smoke diffusion models based on computational fluid dynamics. These models can accurately simulate the interactions between various complex physical phenomena in forest fires. Based on preset parameters and actual data obtained from sensor modules and monitoring and early warning systems, it accurately simulates the entire process of a forest fire from its occurrence, development, to its end. The main control unit is responsible for coordinating the work between various modules of the device, receiving and processing real-time data from the sensor modules, and sending control commands to the virtual reality equipment and projection system to achieve real-time updates and dynamic interaction of the simulated scene. At the same time, it conducts bidirectional data transmission and interaction with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and firefighting system through the data interaction interface. The main control unit also has intelligent decision analysis function, which can evaluate the user's operation in real time based on the data in the simulation process and the preset evaluation criteria, and provide the user with corresponding feedback and suggestions. Virtual reality devices include head-mounted displays and controllers. The head-mounted displays have high-resolution screens and high refresh rates, and are equipped with built-in gyroscopes and accelerometers. The controllers are used for users to interact with the virtual environment. The projection system consists of multiple high-definition projectors, which are rationally planned and installed according to the size, shape and layout of the simulated site. It uses blending technology to achieve seamless splicing of the projected images and can adjust the projection parameters in real time according to the instructions of the main control unit. It can project clear and bright simulated forest fire scenes onto the surrounding walls and ground of the simulated site. The projectors use 3LCD or DLP projection technology to ensure color reproduction and image quality. The projection system employs advanced blending technology. Through precise calibration and debugging, it can achieve seamless splicing between multiple projected images, with the splicing error controlled within ±1mm. This effectively avoids image gaps and overlaps, creating a complete and continuous stereoscopic simulation environment for users. During the blending process, an image edge blending algorithm is used to process the edges of adjacent projected images, resulting in a natural and smooth transition after splicing. The projection system has the function of adjusting projection parameters in real time. It can change parameters such as brightness, contrast, color, and projection angle in real time according to the instructions sent by the main control unit. It can simulate different weather conditions, time scenarios, and different stages of fire development, further enhancing the realism and diversity of the simulation. For example, when simulating a fire scene at night, the projection brightness is reduced and the color parameters are adjusted to create a dark and tense atmosphere. In the early stage of simulating a fire, the projection parameters are adjusted to make the flame color lighter and the smoke thinner. As the fire develops, the parameters are gradually changed to reflect the intensification of the fire. The scene construction module includes a 3D model library and a terrain generator, used to build virtual forest fire scenarios. The 3D model library stores a rich variety of highly realistic 3D models of forest vegetation, terrain features, buildings, fire-fighting equipment, etc. These models have undergone meticulous modeling and texturing, with a level of detail of 3 or higher, accurately reflecting the appearance and characteristics of different objects. The model library adopts a hierarchical and categorized management method for easy and quick retrieval and access; for example, forest vegetation models are classified and stored according to different tree species and growth stages; terrain features are organized according to different terrain types and landform characteristics. The terrain generator can generate realistic forest terrain based on actual geographic data, such as high-precision digital elevation model data, vegetation distribution data, and soil type data. The terrain accuracy reaches ±1m, accurately simulating various complex terrain features such as mountains, plains, valleys, and ridges, as well as the impact of different terrains on fire spread and fire fighting. The terrain generator uses fractal algorithm and physical simulation technology to consider factors such as terrain undulation, slope, and curvature when generating terrain, making the generated terrain more natural and realistic. At the same time, it accurately plants corresponding vegetation models on the terrain according to vegetation distribution data to form forest vegetation cover that matches reality. During the simulation, the main control unit selects a suitable model from the 3D model library based on the preset fire scene parameters, and generates the corresponding terrain through the terrain generator to quickly construct a virtual environment that is highly similar to the actual fire scene. When constructing the scene, the spatial position relationship and mutual occlusion relationship between the models are considered to ensure the realism and rationality of the scene. For example, the tree models are reasonably laid out according to the undulation and slope of the terrain to avoid the situation where trees grow in unsuitable locations or intertwine with each other. Sensor modules are distributed throughout the simulated area, including but not limited to temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and wind speed sensors. The temperature sensors utilize high-precision thermistor sensors, distributed at specific intervals and heights throughout the simulated area, with a focus on areas near the fire source and those potentially affected by the fire, to monitor temperature changes in real time. The smoke sensors, with high sensitivity, are installed at different heights and locations to comprehensively detect changes in smoke concentration within the simulated environment. The wind speed sensors are ultrasonic anemometers, installed in open areas where wind speed can be accurately measured, such as open areas or windy locations within the simulated area. Humidity sensors are installed in various locations to measure ambient humidity in real time, collecting simulated environmental data and transmitting it to the main control unit. These sensors collect various data from the simulated environment in real time and transmit the data to the main control unit using standard communication protocols. The sensor data acquisition frequency can be adjusted as needed; for example, increasing the data acquisition frequency in the early stages of a fire or when the fire intensity changes significantly, to more accurately capture changes in the simulated environment. After receiving the sensor data, the main control unit performs real-time analysis and processing, adjusting parameters such as the fire spread rate, smoke diffusion direction, and fire intensity in the simulated scenario to make the simulation more closely resemble real forest fire conditions.

[0024] The data interaction interface adopts a standard data communication protocol to realize data interaction with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and fire fighting system.

[0025] The high-performance computer system in the main control unit is equipped with a high-speed solid-state drive with a storage capacity of no less than 1TB. The forest fire simulation software is based on computational fluid dynamics models of fire spread, heat transfer, and smoke diffusion.

[0026] The head-mounted display boasts a resolution of at least 4K, delivering clear and realistic virtual scene images for a refined visual experience. Its refresh rate of at least 120Hz ensures smooth visuals and reduces user dizziness. The gyroscope and accelerometer sensors achieve an angle measurement accuracy of ±0.1°, enabling real-time and precise capture of head movements and seamless switching of perspectives, immersing users in the real-world forest fire scene. Furthermore, an advanced audio system provides surround sound, enhancing the immersive experience by allowing users to feel the noise, flames, wind, and other environmental sounds of the fire. The controllers feature motion capture accuracy of ±5mm and vibration feedback. Equipped with multiple function buttons and joysticks, users can simulate operating various fire extinguishing tools, adjusting spray direction and intensity, and control the virtual character's movement direction and speed using the joysticks. The vibration feedback function further enhances the user experience and realism by generating corresponding vibrations based on the force and effect of the user's actions. The projectors in the projection system have a brightness of no less than 5000 lumens, a contrast ratio of more than 2000:1, and the splicing error of the projected image is controlled within ±1mm.

[0027] The models in the 3D model library have a level of detail of 3 or higher, and the terrain generator generates terrain with an accuracy of ±1m.

[0028] The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -20℃ to 100℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and the smoke sensor can detect smoke concentrations as low as 0.1mg / m³ in the air. 3 The wind speed sensor measures changes in speed, with a range of 0-60 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.2 m / s.

[0029] The data exchange interface has a data transmission rate of no less than 100Mbps, supports wired and wireless connections, and can acquire precise information on the fire's geographical location, fire size, spread direction, surrounding vegetation type and distribution, topographic features, and meteorological data. This data is then accurately transmitted to the main control unit. Upon receiving the monitoring data, the main control unit quickly and precisely recreates the fire scenario in the simulation device, ensuring a high degree of consistency between the simulation and the actual fire scene. Furthermore, the data exchange interface can transmit efficient firefighting strategies and plans, validated through numerous simulation experiments and real-world testing, to the command and control system in a standardized data format, providing scientific and reliable decision support for actual firefighting. Simultaneously, the data exchange interface can also receive instructions and feedback from the command and control system, enabling bidirectional interaction and collaborative work between systems. It also transmits efficient firefighting strategies and plans from the simulation device to the command and control system in a standardized data format.

[0030] A training method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. Obtain historical forest fire data through the monitoring and early warning system, and input the data into the simulation device; S2. Users wear virtual reality devices to simulate scenarios and conduct fire extinguishing operation training under the guidance of instructors; S3. The simulation device provides real-time feedback on the operation effect, and the instructor corrects user errors based on the evaluation report and teaches fire extinguishing techniques and strategies.

[0031] A decision support method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. When the monitoring and early warning system detects a forest fire, it transmits fire-related data to the simulation device; S2. The simulation device reproduces fire scenarios, analyzes different firefighting strategies, and provides the command and firefighting system with multiple firefighting plans and quantitative indicators of expected effects; S3. The command and firefighting system selects and adjusts the firefighting plan based on the actual situation on site; S4. During fire fighting, the monitoring and early warning system transmits data in real time, the simulation device adjusts the simulated scenario and re-analyzes the strategy, and the command and fighting system adjusts its decisions accordingly.

[0032] A research method for a forest fire simulation device includes the following steps: S1. Researchers used simulation devices to recreate forest fire scenarios by inputting different parameters; S2. Analyze the data during the simulation process, study the causes, development patterns and influencing factors of forest fires, and quantitatively analyze the impact of each factor on the spread of fire and the diffusion of smoke. S3. Evaluate the effectiveness of different forest fire prevention measures and firefighting techniques, and optimize and improve simulation models and strategy libraries.

[0033] Example 2: Based on the actual size and shape of the simulated venue, the number, installation location, and projection angle of the high-definition projectors are determined using professional venue planning and design software. The projectors are then accurately installed in the designated locations using hoisting equipment and undergo initial testing to ensure the projected image completely covers the walls and floor of the simulated venue. During installation, tools such as levels and laser rangefinders are used to ensure the installation accuracy of the projectors and guarantee the horizontal and vertical alignment of the projected image. The virtual reality devices, such as head-mounted displays and controllers, are physically connected to the main control unit, using high-speed data transmission lines to ensure stable signal transmission. Then, specialized device calibration software is run to calibrate and debug the virtual reality devices, including adjusting the display parameters of the head-mounted display, calibrating the accuracy of sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, and testing the motion capture function of the controllers, ensuring that the devices can accurately and sensitively capture the user's movements and changes in perspective. During the calibration process, standard calibration models and test procedures are used to detect and adjust various performance indicators of the devices, ensuring their accuracy and stability. The specially developed forest fire simulation software is installed and started in the main control unit. After the software starts, it loads the 3D model library and terrain generator to initialize the simulation scene. Users can select the simulated forest area through the software interface, choose from multiple predefined forest area models, or import custom geographic data. The initial location of the fire can be set by inputting latitude and longitude coordinates or selecting it directly on the map. Fire size can be set using parameters such as flame height and coverage area. Weather conditions can be set, such as sunny, cloudy, or rainy, with different parameters for each weather condition, including light, humidity, and wind speed. During parameter setting, the software provides an intuitive graphical interface for easy operation and adjustment. It also checks the legality and rationality of user-input parameters to ensure the simulation scene matches the actual situation. Temperature sensors, smoke sensors, wind speed sensors, and humidity sensors are installed at various key locations in the simulated environment. Installation locations are rationally selected based on the type and function of the sensors; for example, temperature sensors are installed near fire sources and areas potentially affected by fire, smoke sensors are installed at different heights and locations to monitor smoke diffusion, and wind speed sensors are installed in open areas where wind speed can be accurately measured. After installation, the sensors are connected to the main control unit via data transmission lines, and the sensors are calibrated and tested to ensure they function properly, collect accurate data in real time, and transmit it to the main control unit. During calibration, standard calibration equipment and methods are used to test and adjust the sensor's measurement accuracy, sensitivity, and other performance indicators to ensure sensor reliability. The simulation device is connected to the monitoring and early warning system and the command and firefighting system via a data interaction interface using standard network cables. Parameters such as data communication protocol, IP address, and port number are configured in the data interaction interface to ensure stable and accurate data exchange between the simulation device and the monitoring and early warning system and the command and firefighting system. Simultaneously, compatibility tests and data transmission tests are conducted between the systems to verify the correctness and reliability of the data interaction. During the testing process, different fire scenarios and data transmission conditions are simulated to check whether the data interaction between the systems is normal, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the data.

[0034] Simulation process When the monitoring and early warning system detects a forest fire, it immediately transmits real-time fire-related data to the main control unit of the forest fire simulation device through a data interaction interface. This data includes the geographical location of the fire, its size, direction of spread, surrounding vegetation and terrain information, and meteorological data. Upon receiving the data, the main control unit quickly analyzes and processes it, adjusting the parameters of the simulation scenario based on the information in the data to ensure a high degree of consistency with the actual fire situation. For example, based on the geographical location of the fire, the starting point of the fire is accurately marked in the simulation scenario; based on the fire size data, parameters such as the height, intensity, color, and spread speed of the flames in the simulation scenario are set; based on the surrounding vegetation type and distribution data, a corresponding vegetation environment is constructed in real time in the simulation scenario, and the impact of different vegetation types on the spread of the fire is accurately reflected in the simulation; combined with terrain and landform feature data, terrain that matches reality is generated, such as mountains, plains, and valleys, taking into account the impact of different terrains on the direction and speed of fire spread; during the adjustment of simulation scenario parameters, the main control unit uses internal physical simulation algorithms and mathematical models to accurately calculate and simulate processes such as fire spread and smoke diffusion, ensuring the realism and accuracy of the simulation scenario. Users don the head-mounted display and controllers and enter the simulated area. Through the head-mounted display, they see a virtual forest scene highly similar to a real fire scenario. Images matching the virtual scene are projected onto the surrounding walls and ground, creating a complete and three-dimensional simulated environment. Users feel as if they are actually in a real forest fire, experiencing the tension and complexity of the situation. Before entering the simulation, users can practice some simple operations to familiarize themselves with the operation of the virtual reality device and the basic rules of the simulation. Users can use the controllers to perform various fire-fighting operations, simulating a real fire extinguishing process; for example, users can control a virtual character to walk towards the fire. On-site, users can pick up virtual fire extinguishers and perform firefighting operations. During the operation, the movements of the handle are accurately captured and translated into corresponding actions of the virtual character. Users can also command virtual firefighters to coordinate operations, such as arranging team members to set up firebreaks and operating fire trucks to spray water for firefighting. During user operations, sensor modules collect various data from the simulated environment in real time, including the user's location, actions, and operation time. At the same time, they continuously monitor changes in fire intensity, smoke diffusion, and temperature changes in the simulated scene and feed this data back to the main control unit in real time. During the operation, users can adjust their operating strategies and methods based on prompts and feedback information from the virtual environment to improve firefighting effectiveness. The main control unit dynamically adjusts the simulated scenario based on data from sensors and real-time updates from the monitoring and early warning system. For example, if the monitoring and early warning system indicates that the actual fire is spreading faster due to a change in wind direction, the main control unit will correspondingly accelerate the fire's spread and change the direction of smoke diffusion in the simulated scenario to ensure that the simulated scenario remains synchronized with the actual fire situation. Simultaneously, the main control unit analyzes and evaluates the user's actions in real time, determining their correctness and effectiveness based on preset evaluation criteria. If the user makes a mistake, the main control unit provides timely feedback through virtual reality devices, such as displaying prompts on a head-mounted display to inform the user of the error and offer better operational suggestions. This real-time interaction and feedback mechanism allows users to continuously adjust their operational strategies and improve their ability to respond to fires. During the dynamic adjustment of the simulated scenario, the main control unit recalculates and updates various parameters based on new data to ensure the realism and real-time nature of the simulation. Simulation End and Evaluation Once the user completes a series of firefighting operations in the simulation device and reaches the preset simulation termination conditions, such as successfully controlling the fire, extinguishing the fire, or completing a specific task objective, the main control unit stops the simulation and comprehensively and thoroughly records and analyzes the user's operational data throughout the simulation process. This data includes information from multiple dimensions, such as the various firefighting strategies and methods adopted by the user, the sequence of operations, the time spent on each operation, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the operations. Through the analysis of this data, the main control unit evaluates the user's performance during the simulation process, including decision-making ability, reaction speed, and teamwork ability. The main control unit comprehensively evaluates the user's operations from multiple perspectives based on preset detailed evaluation criteria, generating a comprehensive and detailed evaluation report. The report not only includes quantitative assessments of the user's operational accuracy, reaction speed, and decision-making ability, but also provides a detailed analysis of the user's strengths and weaknesses during the simulation, offering specific improvement suggestions. For example, the report might point out that the user made decisive decisions in the early stages of a fire, but wasted resources in allocating firefighting resources; or that the user reacted slowly when the fire spread direction changed, failing to adjust the firefighting strategy in a timely manner. The evaluation report is presented in intuitive charts and text for easy viewing and understanding by the user. Users can easily view evaluation reports on the main control unit's display screen to gain a deeper understanding of their performance in simulation training, enabling them to make targeted improvements. Users can also export the evaluation reports for further analysis and sharing with others. Furthermore, the simulation device supports replaying the simulation process, allowing users to review their actions again and, in conjunction with the evaluation report, gain a clearer understanding of their problems. During replay, users can pause, fast forward, and slow down the simulation scenario to carefully observe the details and effects of each operation. Meanwhile, the simulation device will verify effective firefighting strategies and plans during the simulation process and quickly transmit them to the command and firefighting system through the data interaction interface. These strategies and plans have been verified through a large number of simulation experiments, taking into account different fire scenarios, terrain conditions, vegetation types, and meteorological factors, and have high scientific validity and practicality. For example, under certain specific terrain and vegetation conditions, the strategy of first setting up firebreaks and then carrying out concentrated firefighting has been proven to be effective; or under specific wind speed and direction conditions, the combination of aerial water spraying and ground firefighting can control the fire more quickly. After receiving this information, the command and firefighting system optimizes and adjusts the existing firefighting plan based on the real-time situation at the actual fire scene. Commanders can formulate more scientific and reasonable firefighting plans based on the strategies and plans provided by the simulation device, combined with the actual resources and personnel configuration on site. For example, if the simulation plan suggests setting up a firebreak in a certain area, but there are obstacles in that area that are difficult to remove, the commanders can adjust the location of the firebreak according to the actual situation. Or, if the number of a certain fire extinguishing equipment recommended in the simulation plan is insufficient on site, the commanders can select other alternative equipment and adjust the firefighting strategy accordingly based on the actual resources available. By applying successful experiences validated in the simulation device to actual fire fighting, the efficiency and success rate of actual fire fighting operations can be improved, and the losses caused by fire can be reduced. At the same time, the command and fire fighting system will also provide feedback on the actual effects to the simulation device during actual application. If it is found that certain strategies are not effective in specific situations during actual application, the command and fire fighting system will provide this information to the simulation device. Based on the feedback information, the simulation device will further optimize and improve the simulation model and strategy library, so that the simulation device can better support actual fire fighting. In addition, researchers can also use simulation devices to conduct research related to forest fires. By simulating forest fire scenarios under different conditions, they can conduct in-depth research on the causes, development patterns, and the impact of various factors on forest fires. For example, researchers can set different parameters such as vegetation moisture content, terrain slope, wind speed and direction to observe the spread speed and direction of the fire and the diffusion of smoke, and analyze the quantitative relationship between these factors and forest fires. Through a large number of simulation experiments and data analysis, researchers can establish more accurate forest fire models, providing a more scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and monitoring of forest fires. Meanwhile, researchers can also use simulation devices to evaluate the effectiveness of different forest fire prevention measures and firefighting techniques; for example, to study the performance of different types of fireproof materials in preventing the spread of fire; to evaluate the firefighting efficiency of new firefighting equipment in different fire scenarios; and to study the role of different forest management strategies in reducing fire risk. Through these studies, more effective technical means and management methods can be provided for the prevention and fighting of forest fires.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology, characterized in that: It includes a main control unit, virtual reality equipment, projection system, scene building module, sensor module, and data interaction interface; The main control unit adopts a high-performance computer system, integrating advanced graphics processing chips and large-capacity memory, and runs specialized forest fire simulation software to coordinate the work of various modules, receive and process data from sensor modules, send instructions to virtual reality devices and projection systems, and interact with monitoring and early warning systems and command and firefighting systems through data interaction interfaces. The virtual reality device includes a head-mounted display and a controller. The head-mounted display has a high-resolution screen and a high refresh rate, and has a built-in gyroscope and accelerometer. The controller is used for users to interact with the virtual environment. The projection system consists of multiple high-definition projectors, which use blending technology to achieve seamless splicing of projected images and can adjust projection parameters in real time according to instructions from the main control unit. The scene construction module includes a 3D model library and a terrain generator, used to construct virtual forest fire scenes; The sensor modules are distributed throughout the simulated site, including but not limited to temperature sensors, smoke sensors and wind speed sensors, which are used to collect simulated environmental data in real time and transmit it to the main control unit. The data interaction interface adopts a standard data communication protocol to realize data interaction with the monitoring and early warning system and the command and fire fighting system.

2. The forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-performance computer system in the main control unit is equipped with a high-speed solid-state drive with a storage capacity of no less than 1TB. The forest fire simulation software is based on the fire spread model, heat transfer model and smoke diffusion model of computational fluid dynamics.

3. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head-mounted display has a resolution of no less than 4K and a refresh rate of no less than 120Hz. The angle measurement accuracy of the gyroscope and accelerometer sensors reaches ±0.1°. The motion capture accuracy of the handle reaches ±5mm, and the handle has a vibration feedback function.

4. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projectors in the projection system have a brightness of no less than 5000 lumens, a contrast ratio of more than 2000:1, and a splicing error of the projected image controlled within ±1mm.

5. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The models in the 3D model library have a level of detail of 3 or higher, and the terrain generator generates terrain with an accuracy of ±1m.

6. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor has a measurement range of -20℃ to 100℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃. The smoke sensor can detect smoke concentrations in the air as low as 0.1 mg / m³. 3 The wind speed sensor measures changes in speed, with a range of 0-60 m / s and an accuracy of ±0.2 m / s.

7. A forest fire simulation device based on virtual reality and projection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data interaction interface has a data transmission rate of no less than 100Mbps, supports wired and wireless connection methods, and can obtain information such as the precise geographical location of the fire, the size of the fire, the direction of spread, the type and distribution of surrounding vegetation, the topographic features, and meteorological data. It can also transmit the efficient firefighting strategies and plans in the simulation device to the command and firefighting system in a standardized data format.

8. A training method for a forest fire simulation device, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain historical forest fire data through the monitoring and early warning system, and input the data into the simulation device; S2. Users wear virtual reality devices to simulate scenarios and conduct fire extinguishing operation training under the guidance of instructors; S3. The simulation device provides real-time feedback on the operation effect, and the instructor corrects user errors based on the evaluation report and teaches fire extinguishing techniques and strategies.

9. A decision support method for a forest fire simulation device, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. When the monitoring and early warning system detects a forest fire, it transmits fire-related data to the simulation device; S2. The simulation device reproduces fire scenarios, analyzes different firefighting strategies, and provides the command and firefighting system with multiple firefighting plans and quantitative indicators of expected effects; S3. The command and firefighting system selects and adjusts the firefighting plan based on the actual situation on site; S4. During fire fighting, the monitoring and early warning system transmits data in real time, the simulation device adjusts the simulated scenario and re-analyzes the strategy, and the command and fighting system adjusts its decisions accordingly.

10. A research method for a forest fire simulation device, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Researchers used simulation devices to recreate forest fire scenarios by inputting different parameters; S2. Analyze the data during the simulation process, study the causes, development patterns and influencing factors of forest fires, and quantitatively analyze the impact of each factor on the spread of fire and the diffusion of smoke. S3. Evaluate the effectiveness of different forest fire prevention measures and firefighting techniques, and optimize and improve simulation models and strategy libraries.

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