Geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and state self-checking

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of signal device, disclose a kind of geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and state self-checking, comprising: mechanical vibration conversion unit, self-checking signal excitation unit, signal impedance feedback unit, level comparison unit and core control module, self-checking signal excitation unit injects characteristic excitation signal to mechanical vibration conversion unit, signal impedance feedback unit captures the reflected signal of coupling interface and generates trigger voltage that reduces with the increase of reflected signal amplitude, level comparison unit generates early warning signal when signal level exceeds trigger voltage, the present application establishes the hardware feedback loop based on impedance mismatch, makes alarm trigger threshold real-time adjustment with the physical degradation state of sensing interface, effectively offsets the signal attenuation of conversion link, ensure the physical certainty of sensing sensitivity, solve the detection blind area problem caused by interface aging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection, belonging to the field of signal device technology. Background Technology

[0002] Current geological disaster early warning devices typically use vibration transducers to monitor environmental physical quantities. By converting the collected physical energy into analog voltage signals, an internal comparison circuit determines whether the analog voltage signal exceeds a preset fixed alarm threshold, thereby triggering the transmission of an early warning signal. The quality of the physical coupling interface between the sensor probe and the geological matrix directly determines the signal conversion efficiency. A normal disaster perception process is based on stable acoustic impedance matching. However, in long-term unattended field survey environments, the physical coupling interface between the sensor probe and the geological rock mass ages, undergoes physical displacement, or is eroded by sediment. This change in physical properties directly leads to acoustic-mechanical impedance mismatch in the sensing link, causing physical attenuation during the disaster energy conversion process. This results in the transducer only being able to output a weak voltage under the critical state of the disaster, creating a silent failure risk that could lead to missed alarms.

[0003] To compensate for physical attenuation, existing technologies mostly employ back-end digital gain compensation or matrix amplification logic, attempting to correct front-end sensing deviations through logical operations. However, this method amplifies front-end thermal noise while increasing signal amplitude, easily inducing false alarms, and is highly dependent on the microprocessor's operating status. In addition to the physical coupling limitations of the front-end sensing interface, the logic control mode of existing early warning devices also has shortcomings, making it difficult to verify the effectiveness of the sensing channel in real time. For example, Chinese invention patent CN110009871B discloses a monitoring alarm instrument and its monitoring alarm system, which uses contact or tilt angle sensing between a gravity plumb line and a conductive ring. The alarm is triggered by numerical monitoring of the device. This type of solution relies heavily on the physical displacement of the mechanical structure or the preset digital trigger threshold. In actual complex geological conditions, due to the lack of underlying deterministic monitoring of the physical survivability of the sensing channel, once the coupling interface degrades due to environmental evolution, its preset fixed alarm logic will not be activated due to the significant attenuation of the front-end signal. This causes the device to appear to be in standby mode at the logical level, while it is in a sensing blind zone at the physical level. This fundamental mismatch between the core preset premise and the actual boundary conditions makes it impossible for existing technologies to spontaneously offset the sensitivity drift caused by interface aging without increasing power consumption.

[0004] Therefore, how to construct a hardware loopback mechanism that does not rely on microprocessor computing power, so that it can spontaneously adjust the alarm trigger threshold according to the change of physical impedance of the sensing link, and ensure the sensitivity of the geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-checking is constant when the physical performance of the sensing channel degrades, has become the technical problem to be solved by this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection, comprising:

[0006] The mechanical vibration conversion unit, which is attached to the surface of the geological rock mass, is used to convert the sensed mechanical vibration into a geological monitoring voltage signal and send it to the positive phase input terminal of the level comparison unit; the core control module is connected to the self-test signal excitation unit and is used to send detection commands to the self-test signal excitation unit.

[0007] The self-test signal excitation unit is used to inject a characteristic excitation signal with a constant amplitude into the mechanical vibration conversion unit in response to the detection command;

[0008] The signal impedance feedback unit is coupled to the signal transmission path between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit. It is used to capture the reflected signal of the characteristic excitation signal at the coupling interface of the mechanical vibration conversion unit and generate a trigger reference voltage that decreases as the amplitude of the reflected signal increases. The output of the signal impedance feedback unit is connected to the inverting input of the level comparison unit.

[0009] The level comparison unit is used to generate an early warning pulse signal when the level of the geological monitoring voltage signal exceeds the trigger reference voltage;

[0010] The core control module, connected to the level comparison unit, is used to receive early warning pulse signals and generate geological disaster early warning data.

[0011] Preferably, the self-test signal excitation unit includes: an orthogonal signal generator for generating a self-test waveform signal with a center frequency consistent with the resonant frequency of the mechanical vibration conversion unit, the center frequency being not less than 100Hz; and an impedance matching network connected between the orthogonal signal generator and the mechanical vibration conversion unit for ensuring that the signal transmission path is in an impedance-matched state when the mechanical vibration conversion unit is in a preset coupling state.

[0012] Preferably, the signal impedance feedback unit includes: a directional coupler connected in series between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit, used to extract the reflected power component transmitted back to the core control module; and a rectifier filter circuit connected to the output of the directional coupler, used to convert the reflected power component into a DC feedback level.

[0013] Preferably, the core control module includes: a microprocessor for controlling the self-test signal excitation unit to initiate the injection process of the feature excitation signal; and a wireless communication component connected to the microprocessor for sending geological disaster early warning data to a remote operation and maintenance center.

[0014] Preferably, the core control module also includes a health assessment unit, which monitors the DC feedback level and generates an operation and maintenance warning signal indicating sensor interface failure when the DC feedback level continuously exceeds 0.8V.

[0015] Preferably, the level comparison unit is a hysteresis comparator, and its feedback loop is connected to a bias resistor to suppress low-frequency noise signals below 50Hz during the dynamic adjustment of the trigger reference voltage.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes an energy management unit, which has a solar energy acquisition component and an energy storage battery, for providing a working voltage of 3.6V to 5V to the core control module and the self-test signal excitation unit.

[0017] Preferably, the operation cycle of the core control module's self-test signal excitation unit is 2h to 24h, and the duration of a single injection is no more than 500ms.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a fixed base, and the mechanical vibration conversion unit is pre-pressed inside the fixed base by an acoustic coupling agent. The fixed base is fastened to the surface of the geological rock mass by anchor bolts.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. In a geological disaster early warning device with self-checking status, a feedback adjustment loop based on physical impedance mismatch is established in the sensing link to establish a real-time correlation between the alarm trigger threshold and the degree of physical degradation of the sensing interface. Due to the decrease in coupling efficiency between the sensing probe and the monitoring substrate, the reflected wave is enhanced and a corresponding feedback voltage is generated. This voltage adjusts the reference of the analog comparator in real time, thereby offsetting the signal attenuation loss in the physical conversion stage and ensuring that the monitoring sensitivity maintains physical determinism throughout the entire life cycle of the device, thus solving the problem of sensing blind spots caused by interface aging in traditional solutions.

[0021] 2. By utilizing a pure hardware-based analog standing wave detection mechanism and alarm judgment logic, the architecture of monitoring node health status and alarm command generation is decoupled. Without consuming digital computing power, the device can spontaneously determine the physical connectivity of the sensing channel based on the underlying analog directional coupling circuit. Even when the logic control unit malfunctions or shuts down, the underlying hardware differential circuit can still maintain monitoring of the core signal channel, avoiding the risk of silent failure that is common in existing technologies and improving the system's survivability in extreme outdoor environments.

[0022] 3. By coordinating the characteristic excitation circuit and the standing wave detection circuit, the sensing baseline calibration task, which originally relied on large-scale digital computation, is transformed into voltage clamping logic at the analog circuit level. This dynamic threshold adjustment method, which is driven by the hardware circuit, not only reduces the power consumption of edge devices under long-term unattended operation, but also avoids noise false alarms induced by the digital amplification algorithm forcibly increasing the gain at the end of the signal. This allows the alarm device to still output a high-fidelity characteristic signal when facing moderate physical environmental degradation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules and signal interaction principle of the geological disaster early warning device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the adaptive adjustment loop for the early warning threshold and the hardware compensation logic of the present invention.

[0025] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection capabilities includes:

[0028] The mechanical vibration conversion unit, which is attached to the surface of the geological rock mass, is used to convert the sensed mechanical vibration into a geological monitoring voltage signal and send it to the positive phase input terminal of the level comparison unit; the core control module is connected to the self-test signal excitation unit and is used to send detection commands to the self-test signal excitation unit.

[0029] The self-test signal excitation unit is used to inject a characteristic excitation signal with a constant amplitude into the mechanical vibration conversion unit in response to the detection command;

[0030] The signal impedance feedback unit is coupled to the signal transmission path between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit. It is used to capture the reflected signal of the characteristic excitation signal at the coupling interface of the mechanical vibration conversion unit and generate a trigger reference voltage that decreases as the amplitude of the reflected signal increases. The output of the signal impedance feedback unit is connected to the inverting input of the level comparison unit.

[0031] The level comparison unit is used to generate an early warning pulse signal when the level of the geological monitoring voltage signal exceeds the trigger reference voltage;

[0032] The core control module, connected to the level comparison unit, is used to receive early warning pulse signals and generate geological disaster early warning data.

[0033] Preferably, the self-test signal excitation unit includes: an orthogonal signal generator for generating a self-test waveform signal with a center frequency consistent with the resonant frequency of the mechanical vibration conversion unit, the center frequency being not less than 100Hz; and an impedance matching network connected between the orthogonal signal generator and the mechanical vibration conversion unit for ensuring that the signal transmission path is in an impedance-matched state when the mechanical vibration conversion unit is in a preset coupling state.

[0034] Preferably, the signal impedance feedback unit includes: a directional coupler connected in series between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit, used to extract the reflected power component transmitted back to the core control module; and a rectifier filter circuit connected to the output of the directional coupler, used to convert the reflected power component into a DC feedback level.

[0035] Preferably, the core control module includes: a microprocessor for controlling the self-test signal excitation unit to initiate the injection process of the feature excitation signal; and a wireless communication component connected to the microprocessor for sending geological disaster early warning data to a remote operation and maintenance center.

[0036] Preferably, the core control module also includes a health assessment unit, which monitors the DC feedback level and generates an operation and maintenance warning signal indicating sensor interface failure when the DC feedback level continuously exceeds 0.8V.

[0037] Preferably, the level comparison unit is a hysteresis comparator, and its feedback loop is connected to a bias resistor to suppress low-frequency noise signals below 50Hz during the dynamic adjustment of the trigger reference voltage.

[0038] Preferably, it also includes an energy management unit, which has a solar energy acquisition component and an energy storage battery, for providing a working voltage of 3.6V to 5V to the core control module and the self-test signal excitation unit.

[0039] Preferably, the operation cycle of the core control module's self-test signal excitation unit is 2h to 24h, and the duration of a single injection is no more than 500ms.

[0040] Preferably, it also includes a fixed base, and the mechanical vibration conversion unit is pre-pressed inside the fixed base by an acoustic coupling agent. The fixed base is fastened to the surface of the geological rock mass by anchor bolts.

[0041] Example 1: In remote, high-risk geological hazard monitoring points affected by silt erosion and climate fluctuations, the piezoelectric transducer of this geological disaster early warning device, equipped with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection, is in long-term contact with the geological rock surface. Due to micro-stress creep at the physical coupling interface and aging of the coupling medium, the acoustic-mechanical impedance between the piezoelectric transducer and the geological matrix shifts. This physical degradation causes the mechanical energy of geological anomalies to be converted into geological monitoring simulated voltage. Before attenuation occurs, the logic control center sends a detection command to the self-test signal excitation unit within a preset self-test time slot. The self-test signal excitation unit responds to the detection command by injecting a single-frequency AC test voltage with constant amplitude into the drive end face of the piezoelectric sensor transducer. The directional coupling circuit in the standing wave detection loop measures the reflected electromagnetic wave generated by the piezoelectric transducer due to the change in physical impedance coupled by external geological rock mass, and outputs a mismatch feedback voltage. The hardware differential subtractor receives the initial reference voltage calibrated by the system. With mismatch feedback voltage The hardware differential subtractor generates a degradation-compensated bias voltage based on the difference between the two values. The calculation relationship is as follows: ,in, To compensate for degradation bias voltage, The initial reference voltage, This is the mismatch feedback voltage.

[0042] Degradation compensation bias voltage The inverting input of the analog comparator is applied to drive the trigger reference voltage received by the analog comparator. Physical adjustment occurs as the physical coupling between the piezoelectric sensor transducer and the geological rock mass decreases, resulting in a mismatch feedback voltage output by the directional coupling circuit. Increase, degradation compensation bias voltage Reduce and drive the trigger reference voltage This hardware loop mechanism, which directly adjusts the alarm threshold based on the electroacoustic impedance mismatch voltage, produces a proportional decrease, enabling the early warning device to maintain a constant sensitivity response to geological disasters of equal intensity within different physical aging cycles. This solution shifts the equipment maintenance focus from post-accident maintenance to early warning of parameter degradation in the early stages of performance decline. The technical solution of adjusting the alarm threshold through the underlying analog loop reduces the dependence on digital mathematical models and microprocessor computing power. In the event of processor logic deadlock or shutdown due to geological damage, the underlying hardware differential loop maintains the monitoring and status reporting of the signal channel, avoiding false alarms caused by the gain increase algorithm at the end of the signal period, and providing physical determinism at the forefront of alarm signal generation.

[0043] Example 2: This example verifies the deterministic alarm response of the early warning device under interface creep decay conditions. A physical experimental platform with triaxial hydraulic servo pressurization and full room temperature cycling capabilities was used. A constant porosity hard rock matrix was used to simulate the coupled object at the site of a geological disaster. The physical experimental platform integrates a signal acquisition module with a sampling frequency of 1MHz and a range covering 0V to 10V to acquire the geological monitoring simulation voltage output by the piezoelectric sensor transducer in real time. With mismatch feedback voltage The experimental data were obtained from the sensing electrical parameters collected by the physical experimental platform. A preset micro-stress creep program was used to drive the coupling pressure between the piezoelectric transducer and the rock matrix to decrease from 100 kPa to 10 kPa at a rate of 5 kPa / h, thus simulating the physical degradation process of the sensor interface. A single-frequency AC test voltage was set. The frequency is balanced to detect changes in interface impedance and suppress external power frequency harmonic interference. When the frequency is outside the resonant range of the piezoelectric transducer, the reflected wave has a high voltage mapping slope as it drifts with the mechanical coupling impedance. The 50Hz power frequency harmonics and their lower-order harmonics are avoided, and a single-frequency AC test voltage is used. The frequency was determined to be 12.5 kHz; at this frequency, the initial reference voltage corresponding to the initial calibration pressure of 100 kPa was... The voltage is set to 1.25V; a Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB is superimposed on the signal transmission link.

[0044] The experimental setup was divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was connected to a degradation compensation circuit containing a hardware differential subtractor, while the control group maintained a fixed trigger reference voltage of 1.55V. In the initial state with an intact physical coupling interface, the reflected electromagnetic wave generated by the piezoelectric sensing transducer was at a low level, and the mismatch feedback voltage output by the directional coupling circuit was... The measured value is 0.52V; the degradation compensation bias voltage generated by the hardware differential subtractor in the test group. At the high position, the trigger reference voltage at the inverting input of the analog comparator is... The voltage is 1.62V. When the hydraulic servo device's drive pressure drops to 45kPa, resulting in a 55% energy transmission loss, the control group, due to its fixed alarm threshold, experiences a decrease in the amplitude of the simulated vibration signal of the same intensity from 1.85V to 1.32V, causing the analog comparator to have no high-level output. In the test group, under the same degradation conditions, the directional coupling circuit captures the reflected signal caused by the increased acoustic impedance mismatch, and the mismatch feedback voltage... The voltage increases from 0.52V to 1.18V; the hardware differential subtractor responds to this physical change by generating a degradation-compensated bias voltage. Reduce, degradation compensation bias voltage The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To compensate for degradation bias voltage, The initial reference voltage, This is the mismatch feedback voltage; at this time The calculated value is 0.07V, which drives the trigger reference voltage at the inverting input of the analog comparator. Reduced to 1.12V; attenuated geological monitoring simulation voltage The measured value is 1.32V, and the signal amplitude exceeds the current trigger reference voltage. This generates a high-level alarm signal; under the condition that the interface coupling pressure drops to 15 kPa, the reflected wave amplitude tends to flatten, and the mismatch feedback voltage... Reaching the physical limit of 2.15V, the driving trigger reference voltage is activated. The voltage was reduced to the lower limit threshold of 0.35V. Under a noise background of 20dB, the alarm accuracy rate of the experimental group was 98.2% within 80% interface degradation range, while the accuracy rate of the control group dropped to 12.5% ​​after the interface degradation exceeded 40%. The experimental data confirmed that the signal impedance feedback unit and the hardware differential compensation mechanism work together to map the non-electrical physical degradation of the interface into the electrical clamping control quantity of the alarm link, so as to achieve adaptive hedging of sensing sensitivity and physical loss without the need for microprocessor intervention.

[0045] Example 3: Geological disaster early warning devices equipped with remote operation and maintenance and status self-checking are installed at potential hazard points on slopes with complex geological structures. Due to differences in rock hardness and flatness at different installation locations, the initial acoustic-mechanical impedance formed by the piezoelectric transducer and the geological rock mass exhibits discrete changes, resulting in inconsistent initial coupling benchmarks for each early warning device in its deployment state. To establish benchmark parameters specific to this environment, the logic control center initiates an in-situ calibration program after installation, driving the self-checking signal excitation unit to inject a set of single-frequency AC test voltages with constant amplitude into the piezoelectric transducer. At this time, the directional coupling circuit in the standing wave detection loop captures the initial reflection signal under the current interface state and converts it into the initial mismatch feedback voltage through the precision envelope detection circuit.

[0046] The signal impedance feedback unit integrates a gain-adjustable analog differential proportional converter module to establish the mismatch feedback voltage. With trigger reference voltage During the physical mapping and calibration phase, the initial mismatch feedback voltage value output by the directional coupling circuit is read and written into the hardware register via the logic control center as the initial reference voltage. According to the solid-phase medium acoustic wave transmission equation, the increase in acoustic reflection power at the interface in the high-frequency test band is objectively and mathematically monotonically correlated with the attenuation rate of the transmission energy of the low-frequency mechanical wave penetrating the interface. The on-site calibration process follows a dynamic coupling attenuation test procedure. A mechanical vibration mechanism is used to apply low-frequency vibration of a preset calibration intensity to the geological rock surface. The output value of the foundation charge under the rated base clamping torque is collected. Partial anchoring stress is released to create a physical contact gap. The actual level drop of the low-frequency geological monitoring simulation voltage under this gap is measured. Simultaneously, an orthogonal signal generator is driven to obtain the actual rise in the high-frequency reflection feedback level under the current contact state. The computational circuit extracts the measured ratio of the low-frequency level drop to the high-frequency feedback level rise, quantifying the electroacoustic mapping relationship of cross-frequency band physical attenuation. Simultaneously, based on the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric sensor transducer… Adjust the feedback gain constant of the analog differential proportional converter module according to the preset alarm vibration range. ,in, The voltage conversion gain coefficient is a dimensionless value, and a degradation compensation bias voltage is generated at the output of the analog differential proportional converter module. Its physical response logic follows: ,in, To compensate for degradation bias voltage, The initial reference voltage is locked by a hardware register. This is the mismatch feedback voltage. As a pre-adjusted feedback gain constant, after calibration, the hardware differential subtractor generates an independent compensation baseline based on the specific physical environment of each monitoring point. When the piezoelectric transducer at that monitoring point experiences a 10% increase in acoustic impedance mismatch due to weathering of the rock surface, the reflected electromagnetic wave intensifies, leading to a mismatch feedback voltage. The voltage increased from the calibrated value of 0.50V to 0.55V; due to the feedback gain constant. Locked to 1.2, the degradation compensation bias voltage generated by the hardware circuit. This generates a negative offset, forcing the trigger reference voltage of the analog comparator to be driven. The physical decrease offsets the voltage amplitude loss in geological monitoring simulations caused by interface attenuation.

[0047] This technique, which locks hardware constants through calibration, eliminates the equipment's dependence on the consistency of the installation environment. Each early warning device establishes its own sensing compensation logic based on the actual impedance characteristics of the rock mass it is in contact with. The calibration constants, fixed by the underlying analog computing circuit, maintain the physical accuracy of the alarm threshold by relying on a proportional feedback network constructed with passive components when facing processor crystal oscillator frequency drift caused by extreme low temperatures in the field. This ensures the operational stability of the signal device at the forefront of alarm signal generation and solves the problem of decreased sensing sensitivity under geological conditions. When performing consistency calibration of the early warning device's alarm threshold, a standard impedance analog load is connected to the input port of the signal impedance feedback unit. The self-test signal excitation unit outputs a self-test signal with a frequency of 12.5kHz. The feedback gain constant is changed by adjusting the potentiometer in the analog differential proportional converter module. The resistance distribution makes the analog comparator respond to mismatch feedback voltage. The trigger reference voltage generated when a 0.1V step change is produced. The slope error between the adjustment amount and the preset geological disaster energy attenuation curve is less than 0.5%. This program establishes a quantitative standard for the hardware loop's response to physical variables, eliminates sensitivity differences caused by the tolerance of analog devices, and ensures the physical equivalence of the early warning pulse signals output by the mass-deployed geological disaster early warning devices under the same disaster energy level.

[0048] Example 4: In a calibration station equipped with an electroacoustic parameter analyzer, a step-frequency scanning program is used to determine the operating frequency of the self-test signal excitation unit, taking into account the discrete differences in the physical characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer. By injecting a self-test signal into the drive face of the piezoelectric sensor transducer in 10Hz steps within a scanning range of 5kHz to 20kHz, based on the transducer's electroacoustic physical resonance offset law and the maximum phase angle deflection slope range of the dielectric impedance curve, the microprocessor continuously reads the reflected level values ​​of all discrete step frequency points, calculates the discrete first-order voltage change rate across the entire frequency band using an adjacent difference algorithm, searches for and locates the physical coordinates of the peak or trough with the maximum absolute value in the first-order change rate curve, simultaneously measures the reflected wave amplitude in the standing wave detection circuit, and calculates the extreme point of the derivative of the reflected wave amplitude with frequency. The frequency corresponding to this extreme point is determined as the operating frequency. It reads the average value of the reflected voltage when the physical interface coupling pressure is 100 kPa and stores it in the hardware register as the initial reference voltage. .

[0049] When the system faces transmission gain fluctuations caused by differences in coupling medium thickness, a proportional mapping model is used to calibrate the feedback gain constant. The driving simulation loading mechanism causes a 10% mechanical energy transmission attenuation in the piezoelectric sensor transducer, and the signal impedance feedback unit synchronously acquires the mismatch feedback voltage at this time. Incremental value Based on the voltage drop value that needs to be compensated at the inverting input of the analog comparator Calculate the conversion ratio between the two and set this conversion ratio as the feedback gain constant of the analog differential proportional converter module. , to trigger reference voltage The downward adjustment amount and the geological monitoring simulation voltage The attenuation amount achieves physical hedging.

[0050] Example 5: In a mine landslide monitoring scenario deployed in a high-altitude permafrost region, the analog computing link of this geological disaster early warning device, equipped with remote operation and maintenance and status self-checking, faces the condition of transistor junction capacitance parameter drift induced by environmental temperature cycling. To compensate for the initial reference voltage... Temperature sensing errors occur, and the logic control center acquires the sampled values ​​from the built-in temperature sensor before the self-test cycle begins. The system calls upon the pre-set static temperature drift compensation table embedded in non-volatile memory. This table is based on the inherent laws governing the thermodynamic temperature drift of semiconductor PN junction carrier concentration and transistor parasitic capacitance. During factory calibration, the warning device motherboard is placed in a high and low temperature test chamber. Under silent conditions shielded from external mechanical vibration, the system cyclically collects the temperature-induced differential noise floor voltage of the underlying components of the hardware link within a wide temperature range from -40℃ to 85℃, with a test step of 5℃. The microprocessor outputs the compensation bias reference value corresponding to the physical range of the current measured temperature according to a linear interpolation algorithm. Based on the pre-stored temperature and potential correspondence curve, the compensation level is superimposed in the hardware proportional feedback network to ensure the initial reference voltage in the operation circuit is correct. The physical level is restored to the calibration environment. The self-test signal excitation unit tracks the piezoelectric sensor resonant point drift caused by interface freeze-thaw in 10Hz steps within the 5kHz to 20kHz scanning range. The electrical parameters output by the signal impedance feedback unit map the real-time connection status of the physical coupling interface.

[0051] When the system faces a situation where the acoustic impedance drops instantaneously due to moisture infiltration at the physical coupling interface, the signal impedance feedback unit uses a sliding window mean averaging procedure to smooth the mismatch feedback voltage. In response to high-frequency pulse interference, the directional coupling circuit in the standing wave detection loop continuously acquires the envelope sequence of the reflected signal at a frequency of 50kHz within a 200ms time window. The hardware integrator calculates the arithmetic mean of 10,000 sampling points in the sequence and uses it as the mismatch feedback voltage. The voltage is fed to the input of the hardware differential subtractor, which then calculates the voltage based on the initial reference voltage. With the current mismatch feedback voltage The potential difference drives the degradation compensation bias voltage. Generates a negative bias, triggering the reference voltage. In response to the negative bias, a real-time decrease in the physical clamp level is generated at the inverting input of the analog comparator, maintaining the sensitivity response of the warning signal generation link under the condition of fluctuation in the physical characteristics of the sensing interface.

[0052] During the communication cycle of remote monitoring status distribution, the core control module acquires the warning pulse signal generated by the level comparison unit and combines it with the mismatch feedback voltage output in real time by the signal impedance feedback unit. Construct a status diagnostic data package when the mismatch feedback voltage Exceeding maintenance threshold Furthermore, when the level comparison unit does not generate a warning pulse signal, the core control module pushes a sensing interface degradation warning code to the remote terminal via the communication link. Conversely, when the level comparison unit outputs a warning pulse signal, the core control module prioritizes the communication channel and blocks the injection logic of the self-test signal excitation unit, thus preventing the generation of geological monitoring voltage signals. Alarm data frames are pushed to the management terminal to enable remote handling of equipment physical health status and geological security incidents.

[0053] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection capabilities, characterized in that, include: The mechanical vibration conversion unit, which is attached to the surface of the geological rock mass, is used to convert the sensed mechanical vibration into a geological monitoring voltage signal and send it to the positive phase input terminal of the level comparison unit; the core control module is connected to the self-test signal excitation unit and is used to send detection commands to the self-test signal excitation unit. The self-test signal excitation unit is used to inject a characteristic excitation signal with a constant amplitude into the mechanical vibration conversion unit in response to the detection command; The signal impedance feedback unit is coupled to the signal transmission path between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit. It is used to capture the reflected signal of the characteristic excitation signal at the coupling interface of the mechanical vibration conversion unit and generate a trigger reference voltage that decreases as the amplitude of the reflected signal increases. The output of the signal impedance feedback unit is connected to the inverting input of the level comparison unit. The level comparison unit is used to generate an early warning pulse signal when the level of the geological monitoring voltage signal exceeds the trigger reference voltage; The core control module, connected to the level comparison unit, is used to receive early warning pulse signals and generate geological disaster early warning data.

2. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The self-test signal excitation unit includes: an orthogonal signal generator, used to generate a self-test waveform signal with a center frequency that matches the resonant frequency of the mechanical vibration conversion unit, and the center frequency is not lower than 100Hz; and an impedance matching network, connected between the orthogonal signal generator and the mechanical vibration conversion unit, used to ensure that the signal transmission path is in an impedance matching state when the mechanical vibration conversion unit is in a preset coupling state.

3. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal impedance feedback unit includes: a directional coupler connected in series between the self-test signal excitation unit and the mechanical vibration conversion unit, used to extract the reflected power component transmitted back to the core control module; and a rectifier filter circuit connected to the output of the directional coupler, used to convert the reflected power component into a DC feedback level.

4. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The core control module includes: a microprocessor, used to control the self-test signal excitation unit to start the injection process of characteristic excitation signals; and a wireless communication component, connected to the microprocessor, used to send geological disaster early warning data to the remote operation and maintenance center.

5. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The core control module also includes a health assessment unit, which monitors the DC feedback level and generates an operation and maintenance warning signal indicating sensor interface failure when the DC feedback level continuously exceeds 0.8V.

6. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The level comparison unit is a hysteresis comparator, and its feedback loop is connected to a bias resistor to suppress low-frequency noise signals below 50Hz during the dynamic adjustment of the trigger reference voltage.

7. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an energy management unit, which has a solar energy harvesting component and an energy storage battery, used to provide a 3.6V to 5V operating voltage for the core control module and the self-test signal excitation unit.

8. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The core control module starts the self-test signal excitation unit with an action cycle of 2 hours to 24 hours, and the duration of a single injection is no more than 500ms.

9. A geological disaster early warning device with remote operation and maintenance and status self-inspection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fixed base, and the mechanical vibration conversion unit is pre-pressed inside the fixed base by an acoustic coupling agent. The fixed base is fastened to the surface of the geological rock mass by anchor bolts.

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