An environment protection equipment operation state early warning system based on internet of things

Abstract

The application discloses an environmental protection equipment operation state early warning system based on Internet of Things and relates to the technical field of monitoring and early warning. By collecting state information of multiple types of pollutants in the same entering time window, a current pollutant co-enters scene is generated, so that the system can identify the combined state formed by multiple pollutants entering the environmental protection equipment at the same time, instead of only judging whether a single index is abnormal; then, a combined trigger relationship is generated according to the current pollutant co-enters scene, and is matched with an original treatment path of the environmental protection equipment, so that whether the pollutant combination will make the equipment deviate from the normal treatment path to an abnormal path such as blockage, inactivation, crystallization, difficult settlement or biochemical inhibition is determined; further, early acceptance monitoring objects are determined according to the path deviation result, and operation change information is collected for verification. Therefore, the hidden path switching risk triggered by the pollutant combination can be identified in advance when the single index does not exceed the standard and the equipment parameter is not obviously abnormal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring and early warning technology, and specifically to an early warning system for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] In IoT-based early warning systems for environmental protection equipment operation status, sensors or online monitoring instruments are typically deployed at key operating locations of environmental protection equipment such as waste gas treatment equipment, wastewater treatment equipment, dust removal equipment, spray absorption equipment, activated carbon adsorption equipment, and biochemical treatment equipment. These sensors collect operational data including pollutant concentration, particulate matter content, humidity, pH value, COD, ammonia nitrogen, sulfides, flow rate, pressure, temperature, current, liquid level, air volume, and differential pressure. Then, the IoT gateway uploads this monitoring data to a management platform. The platform cleans, synchronizes, and stores the collected data, comparing the current operational data with preset thresholds, historical normal operating data, or equipment operation models to determine if the environmental protection equipment faces risks such as excessive pollutants, decreased treatment efficiency, equipment blockage, fan malfunction, pump malfunction, chemical dosing malfunction, spray malfunction, or adsorption failure. When an operational parameter exceeds a preset range, or the trend of multiple parameters meets the abnormality criteria, the system generates a corresponding operational status early warning message and notifies maintenance personnel via the platform, SMS, mobile terminal, or work order system to conduct inspections, maintenance, or adjustments. This enables remote monitoring and early warning of the environmental protection equipment's operational status.

[0003] However, while the aforementioned early warning methods can identify instances of single pollutant exceeding limits, abnormal operating parameters of individual equipment, or significant decreases in treatment efficiency, in actual environmental treatment processes, pollutants entering environmental protection equipment are often not treated independently. Instead, they may interact in combination during filtration, adsorption, spraying, flocculation, biochemical treatment, or membrane treatment. In other words, even if individual indicators such as VOCs, particulate matter, humidity, pH, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfides do not exceed their respective alarm thresholds, different pollutants may still alter the original treatment mechanism of the equipment through hygroscopic adhesion, oil film masking, acid-base crystallization, emulsification dispersion, competitive adsorption, or biochemical inhibition. This can cause the environmental protection equipment to shift from a normal filtration, adsorption, spraying, flocculation, or biochemical treatment path to an abnormal treatment path such as bag clogging, pore deactivation, crystallization corrosion, difficulty in settling, or biochemical inhibition. Because existing IoT early warning methods focus more on whether individual parameters are abnormal or use multiple parameters as parallel data for comprehensive judgment, they lack the identification of the correspondence between pollutant combination relationships and changes in equipment treatment paths. Therefore, when all individual indicators are normal, it is easy to misjudge that the environmental protection equipment is still in normal operation, making it difficult to detect the hidden treatment path switching risks triggered by pollutant combinations in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art above, and to propose an early warning system for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the Internet of Things.

[0005] This invention provides an early warning system for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the Internet of Things, the system comprising: Data Acquisition Module: Acquires status information of multiple pollutants at the inlet of environmental protection equipment, and aggregates the status information of pollutants entering the environmental protection equipment at the same time according to the same entry time window to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario; Triggering Relationship Module: Based on the current co-introduction scenario of pollutants, identify whether there are combinations of pollutants that can jointly change the treatment characteristics of environmental protection equipment, and generate combination triggering relationships based on the identification results; Deflection module: Obtain the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment, match the combined triggering relationship with the original processing path, and determine the path deflection result corresponding to the combined triggering relationship after it is applied to the original processing path; Information module: Based on the path deflection results, determine the early monitoring targets corresponding to the path deflection results, and collect the operational change information of the early monitoring targets; Switching module: Verifies the corresponding changes in operation information with the path deflection results, determines whether the environmental protection equipment has shown path switching signs consistent with the path deflection results, and generates path switching confirmation results; Early warning module: Generates early warning results for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the path switching confirmation results.

[0006] Optionally, IoT data collection nodes are set up in the main inlet pipe, branch inlet pipe, or buffer section of the environmental protection equipment. The IoT data collection nodes collect multiple types of inlet detection data, including gaseous pollutant concentration, particulate matter concentration, humidity, temperature, acid-base state, oil mist content, salt content, sulfur-containing pollutant content, and organic pollutant content, according to a preset collection frequency. The collection time and collection location identifiers are added to the inlet detection data. The entry detection data that are collected at the same entry time window and whose collection location identifiers correspond to the same environmental protection equipment entry area are aggregated and time-aligned. After removing invalid pollutant types that do not reach the effective detection lower limit, the remaining pollutant types and their detection values, entry time and entry area identifiers are bound together to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario.

[0007] Optionally, generate combined trigger relationships, including: Extract the effective pollutant types and their detection values ​​from the current pollutant co-entry scenario to form a list of current co-entry pollutants, and call the preset pollutant combination rule library, which includes pollutant combination types, combination conditions and treatment characteristic change types. The current list of common pollutants is matched with the pollutant combination type to determine the candidate pollutant combination, and the detection value of each pollutant type in the candidate pollutant combination is compared with the corresponding combination conditions. When a candidate pollutant combination meets the corresponding combination conditions, it is determined as a valid pollutant combination, and the common change method is determined according to the treatment characteristic change type corresponding to the valid pollutant combination. By binding effective pollutant combinations, common alteration methods, and corresponding current pollutant co-entry scenarios, a combination trigger relationship is generated.

[0008] Optionally, the path deflection result is determined, including: Obtain the equipment type, processing unit type, and processing unit connection sequence of the environmental protection equipment; determine the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment; and break down the original processing path into multiple original processing nodes arranged in the processing sequence. Extract effective pollutant combinations and common alteration methods from the combined triggering relationship, determine the target treatment unit based on the effective pollutant combination, and match the target treatment unit with the original treatment node to determine the node in the original treatment path where the combined triggering relationship plays a role. The node change results corresponding to the action nodes are determined based on the common change mechanism. The node change results include adhesion enhancement, pore shielding, crystal deposition, emulsification dispersion, competitive adsorption or biochemical inhibition. Substitute the node change result into the original processing node after the affected node. If at least one original processing node after the affected node changes from a normal processing state to an abnormal processing state, then generate a path deflection result based on the affected node, the node change result, and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state.

[0009] Optionally, information on operational changes of the early monitored objects is generated, including: Extract the active node, node change result, and original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. Based on the active node and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state, determine the processing component in the environmental protection equipment that is located after the active node and is the first to be affected. Based on the node change results, select the early monitoring objects corresponding to the treatment components from the preset monitoring object table. The early monitoring objects include at least one of the following: filter bags, filter cartridges, filter plates, dust hoppers, activated carbon layers, adsorption packing layers, adsorption box outlet sections, nozzles, packing layers, demisters, circulating liquid pipelines, duct bends, flocculation reaction zones, sedimentation zones, effluent weirs, rear filter inlets, aeration zones, sludge mixed liquor zones, nitrification reaction zones, or biological tank effluent outlets. Determine the monitoring parameters corresponding to the early monitoring targets. The monitoring parameters include at least one of the following: pressure difference, flow rate, concentration difference, temperature, liquid level, turbidity, floc particle size, settling velocity, dissolved oxygen response value, ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, or sludge activity value. During the observation period following the generation of path deflection results, monitoring parameters are collected at a preset collection frequency, and operational change information of early monitored objects is generated by sorting them according to the collection time.

[0010] Optionally, a path switching confirmation result is generated, including: Extract node change results from the path deflection results, and determine the corresponding verification items based on the node change results; Extract and verify the corresponding change data of the monitored objects from the operational change information of the early monitoring objects; When the node change result is adhesion enhancement, the verification items include at least two of the following: continuous increase in differential pressure, reduced drop in differential pressure after backflushing, and decrease in air volume. When the node change result is pore occlusion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in concentration difference before and after adsorption, weakening of temperature change in adsorption layer, and increase in concentration at adsorption box outlet. When the node change result is crystallization deposition, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in spray flow rate, increase in packing layer pressure difference, increase in circulating fluid conductivity, and abnormal nozzle outlet pressure. When the node change result is emulsified dispersion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in floc particle size, decrease in settling velocity, and increase in effluent turbidity. When the node change result is biochemical inhibition, the verification items include at least two of the following: dissolved oxygen response delay, reduced ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, and decreased sludge activity. The received changed data is compared with the preset change direction of the corresponding verification items. If at least two of the verification items corresponding to the node change result are true, a path switching confirmation result is generated. If less than two are true, a path switching unconfirmed result is generated.

[0011] Optionally, the early warning results for the operating status of environmental protection equipment include: Read the path switching confirmation result. If the path switching confirmation result is a path switching unconfirmed result, mark the current pollutant co-entry scenario, combined trigger relationship and path deflection result as pending observation status, and continue to collect the operational change information of the early monitoring objects. If the path switching confirmation result is a confirmed path switching result, then extract the established verification items from the path switching confirmation result, and extract the effective pollutant combination, common change method, action node, node change result, and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. The cause of the early warning is determined based on the effective combination of pollutants and the common change mode; the location of the early warning is determined based on the active node and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state; and the type of early warning is determined based on the node change result and the established verification items. The warning triggering reason, warning location, warning type and corresponding early monitoring objects are combined to generate environmental protection equipment operation status warning results, and the environmental protection equipment operation status warning results are sent to the Internet of Things warning platform for output.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention proposes an IoT-based early warning system for the operational status of environmental protection equipment. First, it aggregates the status information of multiple pollutants within the same entry time window to generate a current pollutant co-entry scenario. This allows the system to move beyond simply judging VOCs, particulate matter, humidity, pH, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfides as independent single indicators, and instead identify the combined state formed when multiple pollutants simultaneously enter the environmental protection equipment. Next, it generates a combination trigger relationship based on the current pollutant co-entry scenario and matches this relationship with the original treatment path of the environmental protection equipment. This determines whether the pollutant combination might cause the environmental protection equipment to deviate from its normal filtration, adsorption, spraying, flocculation, biochemical treatment, or membrane treatment path to an abnormal treatment path such as bag clogging, pore deactivation, crystallization corrosion, difficulty in settling, or inhibited biochemical processes. Furthermore, based on the path deviation results, it identifies the corresponding early monitoring targets and collects their operational change information for verification. This allows it to determine whether the pollutant combination has already formed early path switching signs consistent with the path deviation results during equipment operation. Therefore, this solution can identify the risk of hidden treatment path switching triggered by the combination of pollutants in advance, even when the individual pollutants have not exceeded the alarm threshold, the operating parameters of individual equipment have not been obviously abnormal, and the treatment effect at the outlet has not been obviously reduced. This avoids misjudging the operating status of "normal individual indicators but abnormal combination mechanism" as normal operation of environmental protection equipment, and improves the advance warning, pertinence and accuracy of abnormal cause identification of environmental protection equipment operating status warning. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a framework diagram of an IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0015] This invention provides an IoT-based early warning system for the operational status of environmental protection equipment. See also... Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes: Data Acquisition Module: Acquires status information of multiple pollutants at the inlet of environmental protection equipment, and aggregates the status information of pollutants entering the environmental protection equipment at the same time according to the same entry time window to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario; Triggering Relationship Module: Based on the current co-introduction scenario of pollutants, identify whether there are combinations of pollutants that can jointly change the treatment characteristics of environmental protection equipment, and generate combination triggering relationships based on the identification results; Deflection module: Obtain the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment, match the combined triggering relationship with the original processing path, and determine the path deflection result corresponding to the combined triggering relationship after it is applied to the original processing path; Information module: Based on the path deflection results, determine the early monitoring targets corresponding to the path deflection results, and collect the operational change information of the early monitoring targets; Switching module: Verifies the corresponding changes in operation information with the path deflection results, determines whether the environmental protection equipment has shown path switching signs consistent with the path deflection results, and generates path switching confirmation results; Early warning module: Generates early warning results for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the path switching confirmation results.

[0016] In one embodiment, multiple pollutant status information at the inlet of the environmental protection equipment is obtained, and the pollutant status information entering the environmental protection equipment at the same time is collected according to the same entry time window to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario. Internet of Things (IoT) data collection nodes are set up in the main inlet pipe, branch inlet pipe, or buffer section of the environmental protection equipment. The IoT data collection nodes include at least multiple types of sensing units for collecting data on gaseous pollutant concentration, particulate matter concentration, humidity, temperature, acid-base status, oil mist content, salt content, sulfur-containing pollutant content, and organic pollutant content. According to the preset collection frequency, multiple types of inlet detection data are continuously collected from the inlet side of the environmental protection equipment through IoT collection nodes, and each type of inlet detection data is attached with a corresponding collection time and collection location identifier. Time alignment is performed on multiple types of entry detection data that are collected at the same entry time window and whose collection location identifiers correspond to the same environmental protection equipment entry area to obtain the same window entry data group. Extract the pollutant type, detection value and entry time of various pollutants from the classmate entry data group, and remove invalid pollutant types that do not reach the effective detection limit to obtain the effective pollutant status set; The pollutant types, their corresponding detection values, entry times, and entry area identifiers in the effective pollutant status set are bound together to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario.

[0017] It's important to note that in this step, the system doesn't simply collect data on the concentration of a single pollutant or a single operating parameter individually. Instead, it first deploys IoT data collection nodes in the main inlet pipe, branch inlet pipe, or buffer section of the environmental protection equipment. This allows the state of pollutants before they enter the equipment to be acquired synchronously. For example, for waste gas treatment equipment, VOC sensors, particulate matter sensors, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, oil mist detection units, and acidic gas detection units can be installed in the inlet pipe section before the waste gas enters the spray tower, bag filter, or activated carbon adsorption box. For wastewater treatment equipment, pH sensors, COD detection units, ammonia nitrogen detection units, salinity detection units, and organic matter detection units can be installed at the inlet of the influent pipe or equalization tank. The system continuously acquires various inlet detection data at a uniform collection frequency and adds the collection time and location identifier to each data point. This clearly indicates when and from which inlet area a particular detection value was collected. Subsequently, the system aligns the time of multiple entry detection data collected within the same time window and entry area, forming a co-entry data group. For example, if high humidity, particulate matter, VOCs, and oil mist are detected simultaneously within a 30-second time window, these data will not be treated as individual indicators but will be grouped together as a scenario where the same pollutant enters. Next, the system extracts the type, detection value, and entry time of each pollutant from the co-entry data group, and removes invalid pollutant types that are below the effective detection limit and cannot represent the true entry state, avoiding the misidentification of sensor noise or extremely low background values ​​as valid pollutants. Finally, the remaining valid pollutant types, their detection values, entry times, and entry area identifiers are bound together to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario. Through the above methods, the system can accurately determine "which pollutants enter the environmental protection equipment at the same time and in the same inlet area," providing a clear data foundation for subsequent identification of whether pollutants will form combined triggering relationships such as hygroscopic adhesion, oil film shielding, crystallization corrosion, emulsification dispersion, competitive adsorption, or biochemical inhibition. Its advantage is that the early warning judgment no longer stops at whether a single pollutant exceeds the standard, but can start from the temporal and spatial relationship of the pollutants entering together, and discover the hidden risks that may change the equipment's treatment path even if individual indicators are normal, thereby improving the accuracy and feasibility of subsequent path switching identification.

[0018] In one embodiment, the step of identifying whether there is a combination of pollutants that can jointly change the treatment characteristics of environmental protection equipment based on the current pollutant co-entry scenario, and generating a combination triggering relationship based on the identification result, is as follows: Extract each valid pollutant type and its corresponding detection value from the current pollutant co-entry scenario to form a current co-entry pollutant list; Call the preset pollutant combination rule library, which stores pollutant combination types, combination conditions, and corresponding treatment characteristic change types. The effective pollutant types in the current co-included pollutant list are matched one by one with the pollutant combination types in the preset pollutant combination rule base to filter out the candidate pollutant combinations that correspond to the current co-included pollutant list. For each candidate pollutant combination, the combination conditions corresponding to that candidate pollutant combination are read, and the detection values ​​of each pollutant type in the candidate pollutant combination are compared with the combination conditions. If the detection values ​​of each pollutant type in the candidate pollutant combination meet the corresponding combination conditions, then the candidate pollutant combination is determined as a valid pollutant combination. Based on the type of change in treatment characteristics corresponding to the effective pollutant combination, determine the common changes in the treatment characteristics of environmental protection equipment caused by the effective pollutant combination. The effective pollutant combinations, their common alteration methods, and the corresponding current pollutant co-entry scenarios are bound together to generate combination trigger relationships.

[0019] It should be noted that in this step, the system, based on the "current pollutant co-entry scenario" already generated in the previous step, further determines whether these pollutants entering the environmental protection equipment simultaneously will form a combination relationship that can change the equipment's processing characteristics. Specifically, the system first extracts the effective pollutant types and their detection values ​​from the current pollutant co-entry scenario to form a list of current co-entry pollutants. For example, this list may include pollutants or state factors such as "particulate matter, humidity, oil mist, and VOCs". Then, it calls a preset pollutant combination rule library. This rule library is not used to determine whether a single pollutant exceeds the standard, but rather to store the possible combined effects when different pollutants coexist. For example, "when particulate matter and humidity meet preset conditions, the corresponding hygroscopic adhesion type processing characteristic changes", "when oil mist and VOCs meet preset conditions, the corresponding oil film shielding type processing characteristic changes", "when acidic gases and metal dust meet preset conditions, the corresponding crystallization corrosion type processing characteristic changes", and "when surfactants and suspended matter meet preset conditions, the corresponding emulsification dispersion type processing characteristic changes". Subsequently, the system matches the current list of co-involved contaminants with the contaminant combination types in the rule base item by item. It first filters out candidate contaminant combinations that actually exist simultaneously in the current scenario, then reads the conditions for each candidate contaminant combination to be valid, and compares the detection values ​​of each contaminant in the candidate contaminant combination with the corresponding conditions. For example, if both "particulate matter" and "humidity" exist simultaneously in the current list of co-involved contaminants, the system does not immediately assume a risk of bag clogging. Instead, it continues to determine whether the detection values ​​of particulate matter and humidity both meet the conditions for forming a hygroscopic adhesion combination. Only when both conditions are met is it identified as a valid contaminant combination. Afterward, the system determines its common change method based on the processing characteristic change type corresponding to this valid contaminant combination in the rule base, such as "hygroscopic adhesion," "oil film shielding," "crystallization corrosion," "emulsification dispersion," "competitive adsorption," or "biochemical inhibition." The system then binds the valid contaminant combination, the common change method, and the corresponding current contaminant co-involvement scenario to generate a combination trigger relationship. In this way, the system can shift from judging whether a single pollutant is abnormal to judging whether the combination of pollutants is sufficient to change the treatment characteristics, avoiding ignoring the risks of combination just because a single indicator does not exceed the standard. The advantage is that it can identify in advance the hidden risks that may be caused by multiple pollutants entering together, such as filter bag clogging, activated carbon pore blockage, spray crystallization blockage, difficulty in flocculation and sedimentation, or inhibition of biochemical processes. This provides a clear basis for matching the combination trigger relationship to the original treatment path of the environmental protection equipment and judging the path deviation.

[0020] In one embodiment, the steps of obtaining the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment, matching the combined triggering relationship with the original processing path, and determining the path deflection result corresponding to the combined triggering relationship acting on the original processing path are as follows: Obtain the equipment type, processing unit type, and processing unit connection sequence of the environmental protection equipment, and determine the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment based on the equipment type, processing unit type, and processing unit connection sequence; The original processing path is broken down into multiple original processing nodes arranged in the processing order. Each original processing node includes at least two of the following: a pollutant entry node, a pollutant contact node, a pollutant transfer node, a pollutant removal node, and a post-processing output node. Extract effective pollutant combinations and common alteration methods from the combined triggering relationships, and determine the corresponding target treatment units based on the effective pollutant combinations; Match the target processing unit with each original processing node in the original processing path to determine the node in the original processing path where the combined triggering relationship plays a role. Based on the common alteration mechanism, the node alteration results corresponding to the affected nodes are determined. The node alteration results include adhesion enhancement, pore shielding, crystal deposition, emulsification dispersion, competitive adsorption, or biochemical inhibition. Starting from the affected node, substitute the node change result into the original processing path to determine whether the original processing node after the affected node has changed from a normal processing state to an abnormal processing state. If at least one original processing node after the active node changes to an abnormal processing state, then a path deflection result is generated based on the active node, the node change result, and the original processing node that changed to an abnormal processing state.

[0021] It should be noted that in this step, the system, based on the already obtained combined triggering relationships, further determines which specific treatment stage of the environmental protection equipment this combined triggering relationship will affect, and thereby determines whether the original treatment process of the equipment will be deviated. Specifically, the system first obtains the equipment type, treatment unit type, and treatment unit connection sequence of the environmental protection equipment. For example, waste gas treatment equipment may include "inlet duct—spray tower—demister—activated carbon adsorption box—emission outlet," and wastewater treatment equipment may include "inlet—regulation tank—flocculation reaction tank—sedimentation tank—biological tank—emission outlet." Then, based on these treatment units and their sequence, the original treatment path of the environmental protection equipment is determined. Next, the original treatment path is broken down into multiple original treatment nodes arranged in the treatment sequence, such as pollutant entry node, pollutant contact node, pollutant transfer node, pollutant removal node, and post-treatment output node, so that the originally continuous treatment process can be identified step by step. Subsequently, the system extracts effective pollutant combinations and common alteration methods from the combined triggering relationships, and determines the corresponding target treatment unit based on the effective pollutant combinations. For example, the combination of "high humidity gas and particulate matter" corresponds to a bag filter unit, the combination of "oil mist and VOCs" corresponds to an activated carbon adsorption unit, the combination of "acidic gas and metal dust" corresponds to a spray or filtration unit, and the combination of "surfactant and suspended solids" corresponds to a flocculation and sedimentation unit. After determining the target treatment unit, the system matches the target treatment unit with each original treatment node in the original treatment path to determine the actual location where the combined triggering relationship takes effect, i.e., the action node. Then, the system determines the node change result of the action node based on the common alteration methods in the combined triggering relationships. For example, high humidity gas and particulate matter correspond to enhanced adhesion, oil mist and VOCs correspond to pore shielding, acidic gas and metal dust correspond to crystallization deposition, surfactants and suspended solids correspond to emulsification and dispersion, some organic matter corresponds to competitive adsorption, and ammonia nitrogen and pH changes correspond to biochemical inhibition. Then, using this action node as the starting point, the node change result is substituted into the subsequent original treatment nodes to determine whether the subsequent nodes will change from a normal treatment state to an abnormal treatment state. For example, if the original processing path of the bag filter is "dust-laden gas enters - dust contacts the filter bag - dust is trapped by the filter bag - backflushing cleaning - purified gas output", when the combined triggering relationship is "high humidity gas and particulate matter form hygroscopic adhesion", the system will substitute "adhesion enhancement" into the action node of "dust contacting the filter bag" and determine whether the subsequent "dust trapping" and "backflushing cleaning" nodes change from normal trapping and normal cleaning to bag clogging and cleaning difficulty; if it is confirmed that at least one subsequent node changes to an abnormal processing state, a path deflection result of "from normal filtration path to adhesion clogging path" will be generated.In this way, the system does not simply assume the existence of a pollutant combination and immediately issue an alarm. Instead, it further clarifies which equipment process the combination will affect, how it will change the processing status of that process, and which subsequent processing nodes will experience abnormal changes. The advantage is that it can transform the abstract risk of a pollutant combination into a specific equipment processing path deviation result, enabling subsequent warnings to accurately point out the source of risk, the location of action, and the possible abnormal path, avoiding the problems of unclear warning causes and inaccurate positioning caused by judging based on a single parameter or a general combination.

[0022] In one embodiment, the steps of determining the early monitoring targets corresponding to the path deflection results and collecting operational change information of the early monitoring targets are as follows: Extract the active node, the node change result, and the original processing node that has been transformed into an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result; Based on the action node and the original treatment node that has changed to an abnormal treatment state, determine the treatment component in the environmental protection equipment that is located after the action node and is the first to be affected, and identify the treatment component as the early treatment component. Based on the node change results, early monitoring objects corresponding to the early treatment components are selected from the preset monitoring object table. Specifically, when the node change result is adhesion enhancement, the early monitoring objects include at least one of filter bags, filter cartridges, filter plates, or dust collector hoppers; when the node change result is pore shielding, the early monitoring objects include at least one of activated carbon layers, adsorption packing layers, or adsorption box outlet sections; when the node change result is crystallization deposition, the early monitoring objects include at least one of nozzles, packing layers, demisters, circulating liquid pipelines, or duct bends; when the node change result is emulsification dispersion, the early monitoring objects include at least one of flocculation reaction zones, sedimentation zones, effluent weirs, or rear-end filter inlets; and when the node change result is biochemical inhibition, the early monitoring objects include at least one of aeration zones, sludge mixed liquor zones, nitrification reaction zones, or the effluent end of the biological treatment tank. Determine the monitoring parameters corresponding to the early monitoring targets. The monitoring parameters include at least one of the following: pressure difference, flow rate, concentration difference, temperature, liquid level, turbidity, floc particle size, settling velocity, dissolved oxygen response value, ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, and sludge activity value. During the observation period following the generation of path deflection results, monitoring parameters of early-stage monitoring objects are collected at a preset collection frequency. The monitoring parameters collected during the observation period are sorted according to the collection time to generate early operational change information of the monitored objects.

[0023] It should be noted that in this step, the system does not directly output an early warning after obtaining the path deflection result. Instead, it first identifies the monitoring objects most likely to exhibit abnormal changes earliest based on the path deflection result, in order to further verify the path switching signs. Specifically, the system first extracts the influencing nodes, node change results, and original processing nodes that have been judged to be likely to transition to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. This clarifies from which processing stage the combined impact of pollutants begins, in what way the processing state is changed, and to which subsequent processing nodes it may be transmitted to. Then, based on the sequential relationship between the influencing nodes and the nodes in the abnormal processing state, the system selects the processing component located after the influencing node and the first to be affected as the early receiving processing component. For example, when the path deflection result is "high humidity gas and particulate matter cause the bag filter dust collection path to deviate from normal filtration to adhesion and clogging path," the first to be affected is usually not the emission outlet, but the filter bags, filter cartridges, or filter plates. Therefore, the system identifies these components as early-stage monitoring targets and collects monitoring parameters such as pressure difference, air volume, and pressure difference drop after backflushing. When the path deflection result is "oil mist and VOCs cause the activated carbon adsorption path to deviate from a pore-covering and deactivation path," the system identifies the activated carbon layer, adsorption packing layer, or adsorption box outlet section as early-stage monitoring targets and collects parameters such as the concentration difference before and after the activated carbon box, adsorption temperature changes, and the slight increase trend of outlet concentration. When the path deflection result is "surfactants and suspended solids cause the flocculation and sedimentation path to deviate from an emulsified and dispersed path that is difficult to settle," the system identifies the flocculation reaction zone, sedimentation zone, or effluent weir as early-stage monitoring targets and collects parameters such as floc particle size, sedimentation velocity, and turbidity changes. Subsequently, during the observation period following the generation of the path deflection results, the system continuously collects the aforementioned monitoring parameters at a preset collection frequency and sorts them according to the collection time to form early operational change information of the monitored objects. In this way, the system can further refine the "possible path deflection" obtained in the previous step to specific components and parameters, observing whether the equipment has already shown early operational changes corresponding to the path deflection. The advantage is that it avoids misjudgment caused by directly alarming based solely on pollutant combination relationships, and can detect early signs of hidden anomalies such as filter bag adhesion, activated carbon pore blockage, spray crystallization deposition, flocculation difficulty settling, or biochemical inhibition before the outlet concentration, final emission results, or overall equipment operating parameters show obvious abnormalities. This improves the advance warning, targeting, and verifiability of the warning.

[0024] In one embodiment, the steps of verifying the correspondence between the operational change information and the path deflection result to determine whether the environmental protection equipment has shown path switching signs consistent with the path deflection result, and generating a path switching confirmation result are as follows: Extract the node change results and the original processing nodes that have changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection results, and determine the corresponding verification items based on the node change results. Extract the change data corresponding to the verification project from the operational change information of the early monitored objects; When the node change result is adhesion enhancement, the verification items include at least two of the following: continuous increase in differential pressure, reduced drop in differential pressure after backflushing, and decrease in air volume. The corresponding differential pressure change data, differential pressure drop data after backflushing, and air volume change data are extracted from the operation change information. When the node change result is pore occlusion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in concentration difference before and after adsorption, weakening of temperature change in adsorption layer, and increase in concentration at adsorption box outlet. The corresponding concentration difference change data, temperature change data, and outlet concentration change data are extracted from the operation change information. When the node change result is crystallization deposition, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in spray flow rate, increase in packing layer pressure difference, increase in circulating fluid conductivity, and abnormal nozzle outlet pressure. The corresponding spray flow rate change data, packing layer pressure difference change data, circulating fluid conductivity change data, and nozzle outlet pressure change data are extracted from the operation change information. When the node change result is emulsification and dispersion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in floc size, decrease in settling velocity, and increase in effluent turbidity. The corresponding floc size change data, settling velocity change data, and effluent turbidity change data are extracted from the operation change information. When the node change result is biochemical inhibition, the verification items include at least two of the following: dissolved oxygen response delay, ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, and sludge activity decrease, and the corresponding dissolved oxygen response data, ammonia nitrogen decrease rate data, and sludge activity change data are extracted from the operational change information. The extracted data on changes received is compared with the preset change direction of the corresponding verification items to determine whether each verification item is valid. If at least two of the verification items corresponding to the node change result are true, it is determined that the environmental protection equipment has shown signs of path switching consistent with the path deflection result, and a path switching confirmation result is generated. If fewer than two of the verification items corresponding to the node change result are true, it is determined that the environmental protection equipment has not shown any path switching signs consistent with the path deflection result, and an unconfirmed path switching result is generated.

[0025] It should be noted that in this step, after obtaining the "path deflection result" and the "operational change information of the early monitored object", the system further determines whether the aforementioned presumed path deflection has actually occurred in the environmental protection equipment. Specifically, the system first extracts node change results and original processing nodes that may transition to abnormal processing states from the path deflection results to clarify which path switching type needs to be verified. For example, if the node change result is "adhesion enhancement," it indicates that the system needs to verify whether there are signs of filter bags or filter components changing from normal filtration to clogging. Therefore, continuously increasing pressure difference, reduced pressure difference drop after backflushing, and decreased airflow are selected as verification items. If the node change result is "pore blockage," it indicates that there are signs of activated carbon or adsorption packing being covered and adsorption capacity decreasing. Therefore, decreasing concentration difference before and after adsorption, weakened temperature change in the adsorption layer, and increased concentration at the adsorption box outlet are selected as verification items. If the node change result is "crystallization deposition," decreasing spray flow rate, increasing pressure difference in the packing layer, increasing conductivity of the circulating liquid, and abnormal nozzle outlet pressure are selected as verification items. Then, the system extracts the corresponding change data from the operational change information generated in the previous step and compares the corresponding change data with the preset change direction of the corresponding verification item to determine whether each verification item is valid. For example, in scenarios where the combination of high-humidity gas and particulate matter leads to "enhanced adhesion," if the filter bag pressure differential continues to rise during the observation period, and the pressure differential drops less after backflushing, it indicates that the dust is no longer in a normal dry state of adhesion, but rather exhibits early characteristics of wet adhesion and difficulty in dust removal. If this is accompanied by a decrease in airflow, it further confirms that the equipment has shown signs of path switching consistent with the "adhesion blockage path." Similarly, in scenarios where the combination of oil mist and VOCs leads to "pore shielding," if the concentration difference before and after activated carbon adsorption gradually decreases, while the outlet concentration begins to rise, it indicates that the activated carbon pores may have been shielded by an oil film, and VOCs are no longer stably adsorbed along the normal pore adsorption path. The system does not confirm an anomaly simply by a single fluctuation; rather, it requires at least two of the verification items corresponding to the node change result to be met before generating a path switching confirmation result. If fewer than two items are met, a path switching unconfirmed result is generated. In this way, the system can infer the risk of pollutant combinations and path shifts identified earlier, and further verify them with actual changes in equipment operation, avoiding false alarms caused by directly alarming based solely on pollutant combination relationships. At the same time, it can also identify path switching signs such as filter bag clogging, activated carbon deactivation, spray crystallization blockage, flocculation failure, or biochemical inhibition based on the changes in early-stage components before the outlet concentration significantly exceeds the standard or the overall equipment fails, thereby improving the accuracy, advance warning, and interpretability of the early warning results.

[0026] In one embodiment, the step of generating an environmental protection equipment operation status early warning result based on the path switching confirmation result is as follows: Read the path switch confirmation result and determine whether the path switch confirmation result is a confirmed path switch result or an unconfirmed path switch result. If the path switching confirmation result is a path switching unconfirmed result, the current pollutant co-entry scenario, combined triggering relationship and path deflection result will be marked as pending observation status, and the operational change information of the early monitoring objects will continue to be collected; If the path switching confirmation result is a confirmed path switching result, then extract the established verification items from the path switching confirmation result, and extract the effective pollutant combination, common change method, action node, node change result, and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. The cause of the early warning is determined based on the effective combination of pollutants and their common alteration mechanisms; The location of the warning is determined based on the active node and the original processing node that transitioned to an abnormal processing state. Based on the node change results and the established verification items, the warning type is determined. The warning types include adhesion blockage warning, pore channel shielding and inactivation warning, crystal deposition blockage warning, emulsified dispersion and difficult sedimentation warning, competitive adsorption failure warning, or biochemical inhibition warning. The warning triggering cause, warning location, warning type, and corresponding early monitoring objects are combined to generate environmental protection equipment operation status warning results; The environmental protection equipment operation status early warning results are sent to the Internet of Things (IoT) early warning platform, and the IoT early warning platform outputs corresponding early warning information.

[0027] It should be noted that in this step, after the path switching confirmation result has been generated, the system transforms the information obtained from the aforementioned identification, matching, and verification into an environmental protection equipment operation status early warning result that can be directly understood and handled by maintenance personnel. Specifically, the system first reads the path switching confirmation result to determine whether the current path switching has been confirmed. If the path switching is not confirmed, it means that although the current pollutant co-entry scenario, combination triggering relationship, and path deflection result already exist, the operational change information of the early-stage monitored object has not yet fully proven that the equipment has undergone the corresponding path switching. Therefore, the system will not immediately generate a formal early warning, but will mark the current pollutant co-entry scenario, combination triggering relationship, and path deflection result as an observation state, and continue to collect the operational change information of the early-stage monitored object for subsequent continuous judgment. If the path switching has been confirmed, it means that the pollutant combination not only has the potential to change the treatment characteristics, but has also shown corresponding change signs in the early-stage components of the environmental protection equipment. At this time, the system extracts the established verification items from the path switching confirmation result, and extracts the effective pollutant combination, common change mode, acting node, node change result, and the original treatment node that has turned into an abnormal treatment state from the path deflection result, respectively determining the early warning triggering reason, early warning location, and early warning type. For example, when the effective pollutant combination is "high-humidity gas and particulate matter," the common change mechanism is "hygroscopic adhesion," the action node is the "filter bag contact node," and the established verification items include "continuous increase in differential pressure" and "decreased decrease in differential pressure after backflushing," the system determines that the warning triggering cause is hygroscopic adhesion caused by the high-humidity particulate matter combination, the warning location is the filter bag or filter component, and the warning type is adhesion blockage warning. As another example, when the effective pollutant combination is "oil mist and VOCs," the common change mechanism is "oil film shielding," the action node is the "activated carbon adsorption node," and the established verification items include "decreased concentration difference before and after adsorption" and "increased concentration at the adsorption box outlet," the system determines the warning type as pore shielding deactivation warning. By combining the warning triggering cause, warning location, warning type, and corresponding early monitoring targets, the generated environmental protection equipment operation status warning results are no longer vague "equipment abnormality" or "pollutant risk," but can clearly indicate "which type of pollutant combination triggered it, in which treatment stage it occurred, and which abnormal treatment path it is switching to." The advantages of this approach are twofold: firstly, it avoids premature alarms before path switching has been verified, reducing the probability of false alarms; secondly, once path switching has been confirmed, it provides maintenance personnel with early warning information indicating the cause, location, and type of the issue, enabling them to specifically inspect filter bags, activated carbon layers, spray components, flocculation and sedimentation areas, or biochemical treatment areas. This improves the efficiency of early warning and response, and prevents the risk of blockage, deactivation, crystallization, difficulty in sedimentation, or biochemical inhibition caused by pollutant combinations from continuing to expand.

[0028] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An early warning system for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, include: Data Acquisition Module: Acquires status information of multiple pollutants at the inlet of environmental protection equipment, and aggregates the status information of pollutants entering the environmental protection equipment at the same time according to the same entry time window to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario; Triggering Relationship Module: Based on the current co-introduction scenario of pollutants, identify whether there are combinations of pollutants that can jointly change the treatment characteristics of environmental protection equipment, and generate combination triggering relationships based on the identification results; Deflection module: Obtain the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment, match the combined triggering relationship with the original processing path, and determine the path deflection result corresponding to the combined triggering relationship after it is applied to the original processing path; Information module: Based on the path deflection results, determine the early monitoring targets corresponding to the path deflection results, and collect the operational change information of the early monitoring targets; Switching module: Verifies the corresponding changes in operation information with the path deflection results, determines whether the environmental protection equipment has shown path switching signs consistent with the path deflection results, and generates path switching confirmation results; Early warning module: Generates early warning results for the operating status of environmental protection equipment based on the path switching confirmation results; Determine the path deflection result, including: Obtain the equipment type, processing unit type, and processing unit connection sequence of the environmental protection equipment; determine the original processing path corresponding to the environmental protection equipment; and break down the original processing path into multiple original processing nodes arranged in the processing sequence. Extract effective pollutant combinations and common alteration methods from the combined triggering relationship, determine the target treatment unit based on the effective pollutant combination, and match the target treatment unit with the original treatment node to determine the node in the original treatment path where the combined triggering relationship plays a role. The node change results corresponding to the action nodes are determined based on the common change mechanism. The node change results include adhesion enhancement, pore shielding, crystal deposition, emulsification dispersion, competitive adsorption or biochemical inhibition. Substitute the node change result into the original processing node after the affected node. If at least one original processing node after the affected node changes from a normal processing state to an abnormal processing state, then generate a path deflection result based on the affected node, the node change result, and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state. Extract the active node, node change result, and original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. Based on the active node and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state, determine the processing component in the environmental protection equipment that is located after the active node and is the first to be affected. Based on the node change results, select the early monitoring objects corresponding to the treatment components from the preset monitoring object table. The early monitoring objects include at least one of the following: filter bags, filter cartridges, filter plates, dust hoppers, activated carbon layers, adsorption packing layers, adsorption box outlet sections, nozzles, packing layers, demisters, circulating liquid pipelines, duct bends, flocculation reaction zones, sedimentation zones, effluent weirs, rear filter inlets, aeration zones, sludge mixed liquor zones, nitrification reaction zones, or biological tank effluent outlets. Determine the monitoring parameters corresponding to the early monitoring targets. The monitoring parameters include at least one of the following: pressure difference, flow rate, concentration difference, temperature, liquid level, turbidity, floc particle size, settling velocity, dissolved oxygen response value, ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, or sludge activity value. During the observation period following the generation of path deflection results, monitoring parameters are collected at a preset collection frequency, and operational change information of early monitored objects is generated by sorting them according to the collection time.

2. The IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Internet of Things (IoT) data collection nodes are set up in the main inlet pipe, branch inlet pipe, or buffer section of the environmental protection equipment. Multiple types of inlet detection data, including gaseous pollutant concentration, particulate matter concentration, humidity, temperature, acid-base state, oil mist content, salt content, sulfur-containing pollutant content, and organic pollutant content, are collected through the IoT data collection nodes at a preset collection frequency. The collection time and collection location are added to the inlet detection data. The entry detection data that are collected at the same entry time window and whose collection location identifiers correspond to the same environmental protection equipment entry area are aggregated and time-aligned. After removing invalid pollutant types that do not reach the effective detection lower limit, the remaining pollutant types and their detection values, entry time and entry area identifiers are bound together to generate the current pollutant co-entry scenario.

3. The IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate combined trigger relationships, including: Extract the effective pollutant types and their detection values ​​from the current pollutant co-entry scenario to form a list of current co-entry pollutants, and call the preset pollutant combination rule library, which includes pollutant combination types, combination conditions and treatment characteristic change types. The current list of common pollutants is matched with the pollutant combination type to determine the candidate pollutant combination, and the detection value of each pollutant type in the candidate pollutant combination is compared with the corresponding combination conditions. When a candidate pollutant combination meets the corresponding combination conditions, it is determined as a valid pollutant combination, and the common change method is determined according to the treatment characteristic change type corresponding to the valid pollutant combination. By binding effective pollutant combinations, common alteration methods, and corresponding current pollutant co-entry scenarios, a combination trigger relationship is generated.

4. The IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate path switch confirmation results, including: Extract node change results from the path deflection results, and determine the corresponding verification items based on the node change results; Extract and verify the corresponding change data of the monitored objects from the operational change information of the early monitoring objects; When the node change result is adhesion enhancement, the verification items include at least two of the following: continuous increase in differential pressure, reduced drop in differential pressure after backflushing, and decrease in air volume. When the node change result is pore occlusion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in concentration difference before and after adsorption, weakening of temperature change in adsorption layer, and increase in concentration at adsorption box outlet. When the node change result is crystallization deposition, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in spray flow rate, increase in packing layer pressure difference, increase in circulating fluid conductivity, and abnormal nozzle outlet pressure. When the node change result is emulsified dispersion, the verification items include at least two of the following: decrease in floc particle size, decrease in settling velocity, and increase in effluent turbidity. When the node change result is biochemical inhibition, the verification items include at least two of the following: dissolved oxygen response delay, reduced ammonia nitrogen decrease rate, and decreased sludge activity. The received changed data is compared with the preset change direction of the corresponding verification items. If at least two of the verification items corresponding to the node change result are true, a path switching confirmation result is generated. If less than two are true, a path switching unconfirmed result is generated.

5. The IoT-based environmental protection equipment operation status early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate early warning results for the operating status of environmental protection equipment, including: Read the path switching confirmation result. If the path switching confirmation result is a path switching unconfirmed result, mark the current pollutant co-entry scenario, combined trigger relationship and path deflection result as pending observation status, and continue to collect the operational change information of the early monitoring objects. If the path switching confirmation result is a confirmed path switching result, then extract the established verification items from the path switching confirmation result, and extract the effective pollutant combination, common change method, action node, node change result, and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state from the path deflection result. The cause of the early warning is determined based on the effective combination of pollutants and the common change mode; the location of the early warning is determined based on the active node and the original processing node that has changed to an abnormal processing state; and the type of early warning is determined based on the node change result and the established verification items. The warning triggering reason, warning location, warning type and corresponding early monitoring objects are combined to generate environmental protection equipment operation status warning results, and the environmental protection equipment operation status warning results are sent to the Internet of Things warning platform for output.

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