Preparation and application of dry electrode

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation and application of a dry electrode; the dry electrode is composed of positive and negative electrode active materials with conductive agents, porous carbon materials with conductive agents, conductive agents and a dry binder; however, it is a great challenge to realize absolute uniform mixing of nanoscale conductive agents and microscale active materials in the dry electrode, and uneven mixing will directly lead to battery performance degradation and even safety hazards; the conductive agents, especially carbon nanotubes and other materials, are extremely difficult to disperse; the positive and negative electrode materials, the porous carbon materials and the conductive agents are coated in advance, and then are compounded with the binder, so that the uniformity problem of dispersion can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dry electrode preparation and application technology for lithium-ion batteries, and particularly to a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Dry electrode technology (represented by Tesla / Maxwell's advanced process) is a transformative technology whose advantages and disadvantages have a profound impact on the industry.

[0003] In recent years, dry electrode technology has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers.

[0004] However, dry-process electrodes face the challenge of achieving uniform mixing during the manufacturing process: achieving absolutely uniform mixing of nanoscale conductive agents and micron-scale active materials under solvent-free conditions is a significant challenge. Uneven mixing will directly lead to battery performance degradation and even safety hazards. Furthermore, the porosity of dry-process electrodes is much lower than that of wet-process electrodes. Therefore, the wetting of electrolytes in dry-process electrodes is more difficult than in wet-process electrodes, resulting in lower cycle and rate performance compared to liquid battery systems.

[0005] Conductive agents such as carbon nanotubes (whether single-arm or multi-arm) and graphene are extremely difficult to disperse; their dispersion in pure powders is even more difficult.

[0006] In existing related technologies, there are patents for dry electrode technology, such as Tesla's (e.g., US 2019 / 0369793A1), which use activated carbon in dry positive and negative electrodes and utilize the pores of porous carbon to store electrolyte and improve battery performance. However, due to the poor electronic conductivity of porous carbon itself, and the problem of conductive agent dispersion in the preparation process of dry electrodes, there are issues.

[0007] Our company proposes a dry electrode solution. By pre-coating the positive and negative electrode materials and porous carbon materials with a conductive agent and then combining them with a binder, the problem of uniform dispersion can be effectively solved, thereby improving the overall battery performance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dry electrode that effectively solves the problem of uniform dispersion by pre-coating the positive and negative electrode materials and porous carbon materials with a conductive agent and then combining them with a binder, thereby improving the overall battery performance.

[0009] This solution can effectively solve the problem of dispersing micron and nano materials in the dry electrode process, reduce the powder resistance of the material, and utilize the porous structure to store the electrolyte, thereby improving the cycle and rate performance of the dry electrode.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dry electrode, which comprises positive and negative electrode active materials with self-contained conductive agents, porous carbon materials with self-contained conductive agents, conductive agents, and a dry binder; the positive electrode of the dry electrode comprises: positive electrode active material a with self-contained conductive agents, porous carbon materials b with self-contained conductive agents, conductive agents c, and dry binder d; wherein a+b+c+d=100%, 92%≤a<100%, 0%<b≤5%, 0%<c≤3%, and 0%<c≤3%; the negative electrode of the dry electrode comprises: negative electrode active material e with self-contained conductive agents, porous carbon materials b with self-contained conductive agents, conductive agents c, and dry binder d; wherein e+b+c+d=100%, 92%≤a<100%, 0%<b≤5%, 0%<c≤3%, and 0%<c≤3%;

[0012] As a specific technical solution, the positive electrode active material 'a' with its own conductive agent can be 92% ≤ a ≤ 100%, specifically 92 parts, 93 parts, 94 parts, 95 parts, 96 parts, 97 parts, 98 parts, 99 parts, 100 parts, or any numerical proportion thereof; the positive electrode active material 'e' with its own conductive agent can be 92% ≤ e ≤ 100%, specifically 92 parts, 93 parts, 94 parts, 95 parts, 96 parts, 97 parts, 98 parts, 99 parts, 100 parts, or any numerical proportion thereof; the content of the porous carbon material with its own conductive agent can be 5 parts, 4 parts, 3 parts, 2 parts, 1 part, or any numerical proportion thereof; the conductive agent 'c', 0 ≤ c ≤ 3%, specifically 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, or any numerical proportion thereof; the dry binder can be 0% < d ≤ 3%, specifically 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, or any numerical proportion thereof.

[0013] As a specific technical solution, the specific surface area and porosity (porosity ≥10%, 100g / m²) of porous carbon materials with built-in conductive agents are... 3 ≤Specific surface area≤2900 g / m 3 The porosity is 10% ≤ porosity ≤ 90%; specifically, it can be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or any of these percentages. Higher porosity results in a larger specific surface area, but reduces the initial efficiency of the battery. Additionally, porous materials have lower mechanical strength. Specific surface area ≥ 100 g / m² 3 ≤Specific surface area≤2900 g / m 3 Specifically, these can be 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 2500, or 2900 g / m³. 3 It can be any of these values; the higher the specific surface area, the lower the initial efficiency of the battery.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. The positive electrode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to 8μm≤D50≤12μm;

[0016] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0017] S3. The negative electrode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to 8μm≤D50≤12μm;

[0018] S4. Coat the negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0019] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0020] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0021] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, ≤3% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a battery.

[0022] As a specific technical solution, in step S1, the pulverization method includes one or more combinations of air jet milling, mechanical milling, etc., to control the positive electrode particle size D50 8μm≤D50≤12μm; the larger the particle size of the positive electrode material, the more binder is required, the worse the self-support of the dry positive electrode film, and the worse the adhesion strength with the current collector.

[0023] As a specific technical solution, in step S3, the pulverization method includes one or more combinations of air jet milling, mechanical milling, etc., to control the negative electrode particle size D50 8μm≤D50≤12μm; the larger the particle size of the negative electrode material, the more binder is required, the worse the self-support of the dry negative electrode film, and the worse the adhesion strength with the current collector.

[0024] As a specific technical solution, in step S5, the pulverization method includes one or more combinations of air jet milling, mechanical milling, etc., to control the particle size of porous carbon material D50≤5μm; porous carbon material is mainly used to store electrolyte; at the same time, the small particle size allows for better coating with positive and negative electrode materials, providing more ion channels and electron channels.

[0025] Thirdly, the present invention also provides the application of a porous composite material containing a conductive agent or a composite material prepared by a method thereof in a battery, wherein the battery includes any one of a lithium-ion battery, a solid-state battery, and a semi-solid-state battery.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, this invention can effectively solve the problem of dispersion difficulties of micron and nano materials in the dry electrode process, reduce the powder resistance of the material, and at the same time use pores to solve the storage of electrolyte and improve the cycle and rate performance of the dry electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples and comparative examples are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment provides a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, with a porous carbon specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3 The electrode has a D50 of 3 μm; the positive electrode material is NCM811; the negative electrode is artificial graphite; the conductive agent is single-arm carbon nanotubes, and the proportion of the coated conductive agent is 1% of the active material / porous material ratio; the dry-process positive electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process negative electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery preparation method for this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0031] S1. The positive electrode material NCM811 is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 to 10μm;

[0032] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0033] S3. The graphite anode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm;

[0034] S4. Coat the graphite negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0035] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0036] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0037] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a 3Ah soft pack battery.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This embodiment provides a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, with a porous carbon specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3 The electrode has a D50 of 3 μm; the positive electrode material is NCM811; the negative electrode is artificial graphite; the conductive agent is single-arm carbon nanotubes, and the proportion of the coated conductive agent is 2% of the active material / porous material ratio; the dry-process positive electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process negative electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery preparation method for this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0040] S1. The positive electrode material NCM811 is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 to 10μm;

[0041] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0042] S3. The graphite anode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm;

[0043] S4. Coat the graphite negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0044] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0045] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0046] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a 3Ah soft pack battery.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] This embodiment provides a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, with a porous carbon specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3The electrode has a D50 of 3 μm; the positive electrode material is NCM811; the negative electrode is artificial graphite; the conductive agent is single-arm carbon nanotubes, and the proportion of the coated conductive agent is 3% of the active material / porous material ratio; the dry-process positive electrode consists of 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process negative electrode consists of 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery preparation method of this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0049] S1. The positive electrode material NCM811 is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 to 10μm;

[0050] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0051] S3. The graphite anode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm;

[0052] S4. Coat the graphite negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0053] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0054] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0055] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a 3Ah soft pack battery.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] This embodiment provides a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, with a porous carbon specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3 The electrode has a D50 of 3 μm; the positive electrode material is NCM811; the negative electrode is artificial graphite; the conductive agent is single-arm carbon nanotubes, and the proportion of the coated conductive agent to the active material / porous material is 4%; the dry-process positive electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process negative electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery preparation method for this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0058] S1. The positive electrode material NCM811 is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 to 10μm;

[0059] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0060] S3. The graphite anode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm;

[0061] S4. Coat the graphite negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0062] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0063] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0064] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a 3Ah soft pack battery.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] This embodiment provides a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, with a porous carbon specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3 The electrode has a D50 of 3 μm; the positive electrode material is NCM811; the negative electrode is artificial graphite; the conductive agent is single-arm carbon nanotubes, and the proportion of the coated conductive agent is 5% of the active material / porous material ratio; the dry-process positive electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process negative electrode consists of: 94.5% self-contained conductive agent + 2% self-contained conductive agent with pores + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery preparation method for this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0067] S1. The positive electrode material NCM811 is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 to 10μm;

[0068] S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0069] S3. The graphite anode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm;

[0070] S4. Coat the graphite negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0071] S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm;

[0072] S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use.

[0073] S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then a 3Ah soft pack battery is assembled.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] This comparative example provides porous carbon with a specific surface area of ​​1500 g / cm³. 3 The cathode material is NCM811 with a D50 of 10 μm; the anode material is artificial graphite with a D50 of 8 μm; the conductive agent is SP; the dry-process cathode material consists of 94.5% + 2% porous + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the dry-process anode material consists of 94.5% + 2% porous + 1.5% SP + 2% PTFE; the battery fabrication method for this dry-process electrode is as follows:

[0076] S1. After the above-mentioned positive electrode, negative electrode and porous carbon material are mixed at high speed, 2% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller equipment and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a 3Ah soft pack battery.

[0077] The batteries from Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 were further tested at a 0.3C rate (2.8V-4.25V) cycle, and the constant-capacity discharge specific capacity and battery internal resistance were recorded. The test data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0078] Table 1 Test data for different embodiments

[0079] Example Discharge specific capacity mAh / g Internal resistance mΩ 1 181.8 53.3 2 183.5 45.8 3 185.2 40.2 4 186.3 37.7 5 187.9 30.1 Comparative Example 1 174.2 79.6

[0080] As shown in Table 1 above, pre-coating the positive and negative electrode materials and porous carbon materials with conductive agents before combining them with a binder can effectively solve the problem of uniform dispersion, thereby improving the overall battery performance. The comparative example shows a battery with a low specific capacity of only 174.2 mAh / g and an internal resistance as high as 79.6 mΩ. Coating with different proportions of single-arm carbon nanotubes can effectively reduce the internal resistance of the dry electrode battery; as the coating ratio increases, it decreases from 79.6 mΩ to 30.1 mΩ. Simultaneously, due to the better construction of the electronic conductive network, the specific capacity after gradation also increases from 174.2 mAh / g to 187.9 mAh / g. Therefore, this solution can effectively solve the problem of absolutely uniform mixing of nanoscale conductive agents and micron-scale active materials in dry electrodes, as uneven mixing directly leads to battery performance degradation and even safety hazards.

[0081] The dry electrode battery provided by this invention can be applied to batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries, semi-solid-state batteries, and negative electrode-free batteries.

[0082] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the concept and technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0083] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. The invention discloses the preparation and application of a dry electrode; the dry electrode is composed of positive and negative electrode active materials with self-contained conductive agents + porous carbon materials with self-contained conductive agents + conductive agents and dry binders; the positive electrode of the dry electrode is composed of: positive electrode active material a with self-contained conductive agents + porous carbon materials b with self-contained conductive agents + conductive agents c and dry binders d; wherein a+b+c+d=100%, 92%≤a<100%, 0%<b≤5%, 0%<c≤3%, 0%<c≤3%; the negative electrode of the dry electrode is composed of: negative electrode active material e with self-contained conductive agents + porous carbon materials b with self-contained conductive agents + conductive agents c and dry binders d; wherein e+b+c+d=100%, 92%≤a<100%, 0%<b≤5%, 0%<c≤3%, 0%<c≤3%.

2. According to claim 1, the feature is that, The self-conductive agent is obtained by coating the positive and negative electrode materials, porous materials, etc., with a conductive agent material (such as one or more composites of multi-arm, oligo-arm, single-arm carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.); the proportion of the coated conductive agent is ≤5% of the active material / porous material.

3. According to claim 1, the feature is that, The positive electrode active material can be lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium-rich manganese-based materials, ternary materials (any ratio of NCM and NCA monocrystalline or polycrystalline materials, and multi-element materials modified with ternary materials as the main structure); lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode materials, and cobalt-free layered positive electrode materials; wherein the layered ternary positive electrode material has the structural formula LiNi. x Co y M 1-x-y O2, where M is at least one of Mn, Al, W, Zr, Mg, B, Nb, Ta, Mo, La, and Ti, 0.33≤x≤1.0, 0≤y≤0.33, and the structural formula of the ternary material modified by the ternary material is LiNi. x Co y M z N 1-x-y-z O2, wherein M is at least one of Mn, Al, W, Zr, Mg, B, Nb, Ta, Mo, La and Ti, 0.33≤x≤1, 0≤y≤0.33, 0≤z≤0.33, and N is one or more of Mn, Al, W, Zr, Mg, B, Nb, Ta, Mo, La and Ti, and M and N are not simultaneously one or more of the same element.

4. According to claim 1, the feature is that, The negative electrode active material can be one or more of the following composites: graphite, artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, amorphous carbon, silicon negative electrode, silicon-oxygen, silicon-carbon negative electrode, CVD silicon-carbon negative electrode, lithium metal, and no negative electrode; or one or more composites of the following dry binders: TPA, PTFE, PEO, PE, PP, amine- or hydroxyl-modified PTFE.

5. According to claim 1, the feature is that, The porous carbon material with built-in conductive agent can be activated carbon, porous carbon, mesoporous carbon, or other porous carbon materials / carbon skeleton materials containing conductive agent. The morphology of the porous materials is not limited to spherical, near-spherical, or other irregular particle morphologies; their specific surface area (BET) ranges from 200 g / m². 3 ≤Specific surface area≤3000 g / m 3 The pore size is ≤100nm; the precursor of the porous carbon material can be one or more of the following: biomass materials, polymer materials, starch and polysaccharides, coal-based materials, pitch-based materials, organic framework materials, etc. Among them, biomass materials include but are not limited to walnut shells, coconut shells, fruit shells, grapefruit peels, apricot shells, mangosteen shells, reeds, bamboo, pine cone shells, nut shells, peanut shells, macadamia nut shells, lychee shells; tree branches such as lychee wood, apple wood, pine wood, apricot wood, etc.; polymer materials include but are not limited to one or more of the following: phenolic resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyfurfuryl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polypropylene, polyimide resin, pitch-based resin and cellulose resin; pitch-based includes petroleum pitch and coal pitch; organic framework materials include but are not limited to one or more of the following: MOF, COF, etc.

6. According to claim 1, the conductive material, whether or not it contains conductive material, is mainly inorganic carbon material, including at least one or more of single-arm and multi-arm carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon black, graphene, graphite, fullerene, VGCF, amorphous carbon, soft carbon, and hard carbon.

7. This invention also discloses a method for preparing a porous composite material containing a conductive agent, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. The positive electrode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to 8μm≤D50≤12μm; S2. Coat the positive electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use. S3. The negative electrode material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50 8μm ≤ D50 ≤ 12μm; S4. Coat the negative electrode material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use. S5. The porous carbon material is crushed and sieved to control the particle size D50≤5μm; S6. Coat the porous carbon material with a slurry containing a conductive agent, and then dry it for later use. S7. After the positive and negative electrodes with built-in conductive agents and porous carbon materials are mixed at high speed, ≤3% PTFE is added and mixed; then the mixture is rolled by a multi-roller device and finally pressed onto the current collector, and then assembled into a battery.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the conductive agent slurry contains a conductive agent, a solvent, a polymer material, and a dispersant, etc.; wherein the conductive agent is as described in claim 3; the solvent can be water, NMP, ethanol, acetone, toluene, DMF, DMAC, n-heptane, ACN, ethyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, xylene and anisole, n-hexane, alkanes, etc., and organic solvents. The polymer matrix can be polyethers [containing (—C—O—C—) such as PEO, PPO, PEO-PPO copolymers, PEO-PS copolymers, multi-arm polyethers, star-shaped, dendritic polyethers, and supramolecular polymers synthesized from polyether units], PVP, CMC, CMC-Li, NBR, HNBR, PU-PAA (polyacrylic soft segment / modified polyurethane), polyimide PI, polycarbonates [such as polytrimethylene carbonate, polyvinyl carbonate, polycarbonate (PVC, PTMC, PPC), polyacrylic acrylate (PECA), polypropylene glycol (PMA)], polyacrylates (especially polyacrylate electrolytes containing ethylene oxide segments at the chain ends, acrylic units, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc.). The dispersant is composed of one or more of the following: butyl acrylate and copolymers with other monomers containing double or triple bonds; polyacrylonitrile and copolymers with other monomers containing double or triple bonds; polysiloxanes (polymers containing -Si-O-Si- structures and polymers with other monomers); polyurethanes (polymers containing urethane or urethane structures); and single-ion conductor polymer systems of the above polymer systems; polyvinylidene chloride (PVDF, PVDF-HFP and their modified systems); and when the above materials are polymer solid electrolytes, their ion conductivity can be further improved. The dispersant is characterized in that it can be one or more of the following: anionic dispersant, cationic dispersant, amphoteric dispersant, and polymeric dispersant.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S7, the current collector is a copper, aluminum, composite current collector, stainless steel current collector of different thicknesses, or a carbonized current collector after carbonization treatment of the above current collectors.

10. The application of a dry electrode according to claim 1, which is composed of positive and negative electrode active materials with self-contained conductive agent + porous carbon material with self-contained conductive agent + conductive agent and dry binder, or a porous composite material containing conductive agent prepared by any one of claims 1 to 9, in electrode sheets, batteries, battery packs, and electrical devices, wherein the battery includes any one of lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries, semi-solid-state batteries, and negative electrode-free batteries.