Solid-state battery and vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of new energy and advanced energy storage technology, and particularly relates to a solid-state battery and a vehicle. The solid-state battery provided by the present application comprises a battery module; the battery module comprises a shell, a frame and a plurality of solid-state battery cells arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart in the frame, the inside of the shell is filled with a pressure medium, the pressure medium wraps and contacts the surface of the battery cell; the shell is provided with a medium exchange port inlet and a medium exchange port outlet; the shell comprises a cavity with two open ends and first and second end plates, the cavity is provided with a sealing groove at the two open ends, the end plate is provided with a boss, the boss is embedded in the sealing groove, and a sealing element is arranged between the boss and the sealing groove. The present application increases the effective sealing area by using the embedded sealing structure, extends the sealing failure path, improves the sealing reliability and assembly efficiency, reduces the risk of being affected by the opponent's tool, and saves the sealing arrangement space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of new energy and advanced energy storage technology, and in particular to a solid-state battery and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Current solid-state battery modules require high pressure to fully demonstrate their performance, making pressure structure design extremely important. However, sealing the battery module under high pressure also presents challenges. Currently, annular silicone strip seals are commonly used, but this method has the following problems: First, low sealing reliability. Under long-term compression and vibration conditions, the seal faces risks such as permanent compression deformation and aging cracking; failure at any point in the seal means failure of the entire sealing line. Second, excessive space requirements. Some solutions employ double protection to enhance reliability, but this results in large space occupation and redundancy in the seal. Third, susceptibility to external components. Factors such as the flatness of the housing and top cover, and uneven bolt preload, lead to uneven circumferential distribution of seal compression, with localized overpressure or underpressure potentially causing seal failure. Fourth, low assembly efficiency. Traditional sealing strips require pre-drilled holes based on the mounting hole positions, necessitating manual hole alignment and re-pressure checks, severely impacting assembly efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solid-state battery and vehicle to solve the technical problems of low sealing reliability, excessive space requirements, susceptibility to the influence of counters, and low assembly efficiency in the prior art.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state battery, comprising: a battery module; The battery module includes a housing, a frame disposed within the housing, and a plurality of solid-state cells arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart from each other within the frame. The housing is filled with a pressure medium, which wraps around and contacts the surface of the solid-state cells. The outer casing is provided with a medium exchange port inlet for the pressure medium to enter and a medium exchange port outlet for the pressure medium to flow out. The outer shell includes a cavity with openings at both ends, a first end plate, and a second end plate. Sealing grooves are respectively provided at the openings at both ends of the cavity. A boss is provided on both the first end plate and the second end plate. The first end plate is located at one opening of the cavity, and the second end plate is located at the other opening of the cavity. The boss is embedded in the sealing groove, and a sealing element is provided between the boss and the sealing groove.

[0005] In an optional implementation, the battery module further includes terminals, busbars, data acquisition lines, and power lines; The first end plate and the second end plate are both provided with the terminal block and the acquisition line, and the busbar and the power line are both provided on the inner side of the first end plate and the inner side of the second end plate. All the solid-state battery cells form a battery cell assembly, which is connected to the busbar. The busbar is connected to the terminal block via the power line and to the acquisition line.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, a first fastener is also included, wherein the first end plate and the second end plate are respectively connected to the cavity via the first fastener.

[0007] In an optional implementation, a second fastener is also included, through which the busbar is connected to the cell assembly.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the media exchange port inlet is disposed on the first end plate, and the media exchange port outlet is disposed on the second end plate.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the seal includes a sealing ring disposed within the sealing groove.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the sealant includes sealant filled within the sealing groove.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, an overflow valve is provided at the outlet of the medium exchange port. The overflow valve is used to open when the pressure inside the housing exceeds a preset threshold, so as to allow the pressure medium to overflow out of the housing.

[0012] In optional embodiments, a thermal management device and a pressure generating device are also included; The battery module, the thermal management device, and the pressure generating device are connected in series through a pipeline to form a circulation loop, and the pipeline is connected to the inlet and outlet of the medium exchange port. The circulation loop is provided with the pressure medium that can circulate. The thermal management device is used to heat or cool the pressure medium flowing through the interior of the thermal management device based on the temperature of the pressure medium within the battery module. The pressure generating device is used to drive the pressure medium to circulate in the circulation loop, so that the pressure medium applies a preset pressure to the solid-state cell in the battery module during the flow process and directly exchanges heat with the solid-state cell.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising a solid-state battery as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the technical advantages of the solid-state battery and vehicle provided by this invention are as follows: The solid-state battery provided by the present invention includes: a battery module; the battery module includes a shell, a frame disposed within the shell, and a plurality of solid-state cells arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart from each other within the frame, the shell being filled with a pressure medium, the pressure medium enveloping and contacting the surface of the solid-state cells; the shell is provided with a medium exchange inlet for the pressure medium to enter and a medium exchange outlet for the pressure medium to flow out; the shell includes a cavity with openings at both ends, a first end plate and a second end plate, sealing grooves being provided at the openings at both ends of the cavity, and bosses being provided on both the first end plate and the second end plate, the first end plate being located at one opening of the cavity and the second end plate being located at the other opening of the cavity, the bosses being embedded in the sealing grooves, and a sealing element being provided between the bosses and the sealing grooves.

[0015] By setting sealing grooves at both ends of the cavity and providing bosses on the end plates that mate with the sealing grooves, the bosses are embedded in the sealing grooves to form a fitted sealing structure. A sealing element is placed between the bosses and the sealing grooves, significantly increasing the effective sealing area and extending the sealing failure path. Even if a certain point of the sealing element fails, the tortuous sealing path formed by the fitted structure can still maintain the overall sealing performance, solving the problem that in traditional flat-face mating seals, failure at one point means failure of the entire sealing line. Simultaneously, the fitted fit between the bosses and the sealing grooves allows for automatic alignment and guidance during assembly, eliminating the need for manual hole alignment and improving assembly efficiency. The reliability of the seal does not depend on the flatness of the hand parts or the absolute uniformity of the bolt preload. Even with local deviations, the fitted structure can still maintain effective sealing compression, reducing the risk of being affected by the hand parts. The fitted sealing structure is compact, meeting high-pressure sealing requirements without the need for additional double protection, saving sealing arrangement space. In addition, the pressure medium wraps around and contacts the surface of the solid cell, and uses Pascal's principle to transmit uniform pressure to all parts of the cell, ensuring close contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode interface and improving the ionic conductivity of the solid cell.

[0016] The vehicle provided by the present invention includes the aforementioned solid-state battery. Therefore, the technical advantages and effects achieved therefrom include those achieved by the aforementioned solid-state battery, which will not be elaborated here.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the battery module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a solid-state battery structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the cavity provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Icons: 1-Solid-state cell; 2-Frame; 3-Cavity; 4-First end plate; 5-Second end plate; 6-Bus; 7-Sealing ring; 8-Data acquisition line; 9-Terminal; 10-Power line; 11-First fastener; 12-Second fastener; 13-Overflow valve; 14-Housing shell; 15-Temperature sensor; 16-Pressure medium; 17-Pipeline; 18-Thermal management device; 19-Pressure generating device; 20-Battery management system; 21-Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0028] The specific structure is as follows: Figures 1 to 6 As shown.

[0029] This embodiment provides a solid-state battery, including: a battery module; the battery module includes a housing 14, a frame 2 disposed within the housing 14, and a plurality of solid-state cells 1 arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart from each other within the frame 2; the housing 14 is filled with a pressure medium 16, which surrounds and contacts the surface of the solid-state cells 1; the housing 14 is provided with a medium exchange inlet for the pressure medium 16 to enter and a medium exchange outlet for the pressure medium 16 to flow out; the housing 14 includes a cavity 3 with openings at both ends, a first end plate 4 and a second end plate 5, sealing grooves are respectively provided at the openings at both ends of the cavity 3, and bosses are provided on both the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5; the first end plate 4 is disposed at one opening of the cavity 3, and the second end plate 5 is disposed at the other opening of the cavity 3; the bosses are embedded in the sealing grooves, and a sealing element is provided between the bosses and the sealing grooves.

[0030] By setting sealing grooves at both ends of cavity 3 and providing bosses on the end plates that mate with the sealing grooves, the bosses are embedded in the sealing grooves to form a fitted sealing structure. A sealing element is placed between the bosses and the sealing grooves, significantly increasing the effective sealing area and extending the sealing failure path. Even if a certain point of the sealing element fails, the tortuous sealing path formed by the fitted structure can still maintain the overall sealing performance, solving the problem that in traditional flat-face mating seals, failure at one point means failure of the entire sealing line. Simultaneously, the fitted fit between the bosses and the sealing grooves allows for automatic alignment and guidance during assembly, eliminating the need for manual hole alignment and improving assembly efficiency. The reliability of the seal does not depend on the flatness of the hand parts or the absolute uniformity of the bolt preload. Even with local deviations, the fitted structure can still maintain effective sealing compression, reducing the risk of being affected by the hand parts. The fitted sealing structure is compact, meeting high-pressure sealing requirements without the need for additional double protection, saving sealing arrangement space. In addition, the pressure medium 16 envelops and contacts the surface of the solid cell 1, and uses Pascal's principle to transmit uniform pressure to all parts of the cell, ensuring close contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode interface and improving the ionic conductivity of the solid cell 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, the battery module is the core component of the solid-state battery, used to house the solid-state cells 1 and the pressure medium 16, and to provide a sealed pressurized environment. The battery module includes a housing 14, a frame 2 disposed within the housing 14, and a plurality of solid-state cells 1 arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart from each other within the frame 2.

[0032] Solid-state cell 1 is an all-solid-state lithium-ion cell, and its electrolyte is a solid electrolyte material. The solid electrolyte material can be any one of oxide solid electrolyte, sulfide solid electrolyte, or polymer solid electrolyte. Multiple solid-state cells 1 are arranged in series and parallel to meet different voltage and capacity requirements. Solid-state cells 1 are sequentially placed inside frame 2 to form a solid-state cell group. Frame 2 has grooves for pre-fixing the aluminum-plastic film rolled edges of solid-state cells 1. The aluminum-plastic film rolled edges on both sides of solid-state cells 1 are inserted into the corresponding grooves of frame 2 for pre-fixation, after which frame 2 is inserted into cavity 3. Frame 2 positions and clamps the solid-state cells 1, maintaining a preset gap between adjacent solid-state cells 1. This preset gap is not less than one millimeter to ensure that the pressure medium 16 can fully contact the surface of the solid-state cells 1 and flow smoothly. The specific size of the gap is determined comprehensively based on factors such as the size of the solid-state cells 1, their expansion characteristics, and the viscosity of the pressure medium 16. If the gap is too small, the flow resistance of the pressure medium 16 will increase, affecting the uniformity of pressure transmission and response speed; if the gap is too large, it will reduce the volumetric energy density of the battery module. Therefore, the preset gap is usually selected between one millimeter and five millimeters, preferably one millimeter to three millimeters. The frame 2 can be made of insulating materials, such as plastics, composite materials, etc., or it can be made of metal materials with an insulating surface treatment.

[0033] The casing 14 is filled with a pressure medium 16, which surrounds and contacts the surface of the solid-state battery cell 1. The pressure medium 16 is a flowable fluid, specifically any combination of one or more of hydraulic oil, heat-conducting oil, fluorinated fluid, silicone oil, or ester-based dielectric fluid, or a gaseous medium such as air, carbon-based synthetic oil, anti-wear insulating hydraulic oil, or nitrogen. The selection of the pressure medium 16 needs to consider the following factors: First, when using a liquid medium, the pressure medium 16 should have good insulation properties to prevent short circuits between the solid-state battery cells 1; second, the pressure medium 16 should have good chemical stability and not react chemically with the casing material, sealing material, etc., of the solid-state battery cell 1; third, the pressure medium 16 should have low compressibility to facilitate precise pressure control; finally, the pressure medium 16 should have a suitable operating temperature range to maintain stable physical properties within the operating temperature range of the solid-state battery. Hydraulic oil, as a commonly used pressure medium, has low compressibility and good lubrication properties, making it suitable for scenarios requiring high pressure regulation accuracy. Heat-conducting oil also has good thermal conductivity and can assist in thermal management to a certain extent. Fluorinated fluids possess excellent insulation properties and chemical stability, making them suitable for applications with high safety requirements. Silicone oils exhibit good temperature stability and low surface tension, enabling better wetting of the solid-state battery cell surface. Ester-based dielectrics demonstrate good biodegradability, making them suitable for applications with stringent environmental protection requirements. When using a gaseous medium, the low viscosity and low flow resistance of gases make them suitable for applications requiring high pressure uniformity. However, due to the greater compressibility of gases compared to liquids, appropriate adjustments to the control strategy are necessary when using gases as the pressure medium.

[0034] Pressure medium 16 applies a preset pressure to the solid-state cell 1 within the battery module. The preset pressure is determined based on the electrolyte material characteristics of the solid-state cell 1 to ensure good contact between the solid and solid interfaces within the cell, thereby guaranteeing normal electrochemical performance. For oxide solid-state electrolytes, the preset pressure is typically between 0.5 MPa and 5 MPa; for sulfide solid-state electrolytes, it is typically between 5 MPa and 20 MPa; and for polymer solid-state electrolytes, it is typically between 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa. The specific value of the preset pressure needs to be determined experimentally based on actual conditions to achieve optimal interfacial contact and electrochemical performance.

[0035] In this embodiment, the pressure medium 16 can also be a phase change material suspension, that is, a suspension in which microcapsule phase change material is dispersed in a base liquid. When the temperature rises, the phase change material in the microcapsules absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, expanding in volume. This can automatically compensate for the pressure changes caused by the temperature rise to a certain extent, thereby improving the pressure stability of the system.

[0036] In this embodiment, the outer casing 14 is provided with a medium exchange inlet for the pressure medium 16 to enter and a medium exchange outlet for the pressure medium 16 to flow out. The medium exchange inlet and the medium exchange outlet are the channels through which the pressure medium 16 enters and exits the interior of the outer casing 14. The pressure medium 16 enters the interior of the outer casing 14 through the medium exchange inlet and flows out through the medium exchange outlet, forming a directional flow inside the outer casing 14. This allows the pressure medium 16 to flow evenly across the surface of each solid-state battery cell 1, ensuring the uniformity of pressure transmission.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer casing 14 includes a cavity 3 with openings at both ends, a first end plate 4, and a second end plate 5. The cavity 3 is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and its cross-sectional shape is adapted to the stacked shape of the solid-state battery cells 1, and can be rectangular, square, or other shapes. The cavity 3 is the main structural component of the battery module and has sufficient rigidity to maintain a pressure of over 10 MPa inside the cavity 3. The cavity 3, the first end plate 4, and the second end plate 5 are the main structural components of the module and can be made of high specific strength materials such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber to reduce the weight of the module. Using lightweight alloys or high specific strength materials such as carbon fiber can effectively reduce the weight of the module and increase the energy density. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, and good processing performance, and is suitable for mass production. Carbon fiber has higher specific strength and specific stiffness, and is lighter in weight, making it suitable for scenarios with high requirements for lightweighting.

[0038] In this embodiment, the medium exchange port inlet is located on the first end plate 4, and the medium exchange port outlet is located on the second end plate 5. Of course, the medium exchange port inlet and outlet can also be located on the cavity 3 instead of on the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5, as long as the requirements are met.

[0039] In this embodiment, sealing grooves are respectively provided at the two end openings of the cavity 3, and bosses are provided on the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5. The sealing groove is an annular groove formed at the end opening of the cavity 3, extending circumferentially along the end face of the cavity 3. The boss is an annular protrusion provided on the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5, and its shape and size are matched with the sealing groove. The first end plate 4 is provided at one end opening of the cavity 3, and the second end plate 5 is provided at the other end opening of the cavity 3. The boss is embedded in the sealing groove to form a fitted sealing structure. A sealing element is provided between the boss and the sealing groove. The sealing element can be a sealing ring 7 or sealant. When a sealing ring 7 is used, the sealing ring 7 is set in the sealing groove. The sealing ring 7 is made of HNBR material with a hardness of Shore A 80±5, the sealing groove filling rate is 84% ​​to 94%, and the sealing strip compression ratio is 27% to 33%. When using sealant, it fills the sealing groove. The sealant is a two-component epoxy structural adhesive with a bonding width not exceeding 5mm and a shear strength not less than 20MPa. Under the tension of the fasteners, the boss is pressed into the sealing groove, compressing the seal and causing it to deform within the groove, filling the space and gap between the boss and the groove, thus forming a reliable seal. This sealing structure can effectively meet sealing requirements of 10MPa and above.

[0040] This interlocking sealing structure has the following significant advantages: First, the effective sealing area is significantly increased. Because the boss is embedded in the sealing groove, the seal is compressed on both the bottom and sides of the groove, expanding the sealing contact surface from a traditional single-plane contact to a multi-plane contact, thus multiplying the effective sealing area. Second, the sealing failure path is significantly extended. Even if a local failure occurs at a certain point in the seal, due to the tortuous sealing path formed by the interlocking structure, the pressure medium 16 needs to pass through multiple sealing contact surfaces on the bottom and sides of the sealing groove before leaking to the outside, greatly increasing leakage resistance and improving overall sealing reliability. Third, assembly efficiency is significantly improved. During assembly, the interlocking fit between the boss and the sealing groove can automatically align and guide the assembly. When installing the end plate, simply align the boss with the sealing groove and push it in; no complex manual hole-aligning operations are required, nor is it necessary for the assembler to check and repressurize, greatly improving assembly efficiency. Fourth, the risk of being affected by manual components is reduced. The reliability of the seal does not depend on the absolute flatness of the end face of the cavity 3 and the plane of the end plate, nor on the absolute uniformity of the bolt preload. Even with localized flatness deviations or uneven preload, the compression of the seal is determined by both the depth of the sealing groove and the height of the boss, as the boss is embedded in the sealing groove. This significantly reduces the impact of localized deviations on the sealing compression, allowing the interlocking structure to maintain effective sealing compression and reducing the risk of interference from other components. Fifth, it saves sealing space. The interlocking sealing structure is compact, with the sealing groove located at the end of cavity 3 and the boss integrated into the end plate. This eliminates the need for an additional double-protection sealing structure to meet high-pressure sealing requirements, saving sealing space.

[0041] In this embodiment, the sealing ring 7 can be made of fluororubber, silicone rubber, or other elastomer materials with good oil resistance, temperature resistance, and aging resistance, in addition to HNBR. Fluororubber has excellent high-temperature resistance and chemical resistance, making it suitable for high-temperature and corrosive media environments. Silicone rubber has excellent low-temperature resistance and weather resistance, making it suitable for low-temperature environments. The cross-sectional shape of the sealing ring 7 can be circular, rectangular, or other irregularly shaped, as long as it can cooperate with the sealing groove and boss to form a reliable seal.

[0042] In this embodiment, in addition to two-component epoxy structural adhesive, one-component silicone sealant, polyurethane sealant, or other types of sealant can also be used. Silicone sealant has good weather resistance and flexibility, making it suitable for vibrating working conditions. Polyurethane sealant has good abrasion resistance and adhesion, making it suitable for high-pressure working conditions.

[0043] In this embodiment, the battery module also includes terminals 9, busbars 6, data acquisition lines 8, and power lines 10. Terminals 9 and data acquisition lines 8 are provided on both the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5. Terminals 9 are conductive components used to connect the solid-state cell 1 to the external circuit; they can be implemented using copper or aluminum busbars. One end of terminal 9 connects to the solid-state cell 1 inside the housing 14, and the other end extends through the first end plate 4 or the second end plate 5 to the outside, forming an electrical connection channel. The positive and negative terminals of terminals 9 are respectively located at both ends of the battery module; that is, one terminal 9 is located on the first end plate 4 as the positive output, and the other terminal 9 is located on the second end plate 5 as the negative output. This allows the positive and negative leads to be led out from both ends of the module, avoiding electrical interference and space congestion problems that may occur when the positive and negative leads are on the same end, thus improving the reliability and safety of the electrical connection. Data acquisition lines 8 are used to collect voltage and temperature status information of the cell group and transmit this information to the battery management system 20. The acquisition line 8 is installed on the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5 to facilitate connection with an external monitoring system.

[0044] Busbars 6 and power lines 10 are provided on the inner sides of both the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5. The busbar 6 is a conductive component used to collect the current from multiple solid-state cells 1, and is made of conductive materials such as copper or aluminum. The power line 10 is a conductor used to transmit large currents, connecting the busbar 6 and the terminal 9, transmitting the electrical energy generated by the cell assembly to an external load. All solid-state cells 1 form a cell assembly, which is connected to the busbar 6. The busbar 6 is connected to the terminal 9 via the power line 10, and also to the acquisition line 8. Specifically, the tabs of each solid-state cell 1 in the cell assembly are electrically connected to the busbar 6. After the busbar 6 collects the current, it transmits it to the terminal 9 via the power line 10. The terminal 9 is connected to an external circuit to realize the charging and discharging function of the battery. The acquisition line 8 collects voltage signals from the busbar 6 and transmits them to the battery management system 20 to monitor the voltage status of the cell assembly. Temperature sensor 15 can be installed on busbar 6 or inside the cell assembly, or inside cavity 3, to collect temperature information of the cell assembly. Temperature sensor 15 transmits temperature signal to battery management system 20 through acquisition line 8.

[0045] The solid-state battery in this embodiment also includes a first fastener 11. The first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5 are respectively connected to the cavity 3 via the first fastener 11. The first fastener 11 is a bolt. Both the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5 have bolt through holes, and the cavity 3 has corresponding threaded holes. The bolt passes through the bolt through holes and is screwed into the threaded holes, fastening the first end plate 4 and the second end plate 5 to both ends of the cavity 3. Under the tightening force of the bolts, the bosses on the end plates are pressed into the sealing grooves of the cavity 3, compressing the seal and forming a reliable interlocking seal. The number and distribution of the first fasteners 11 are determined according to the size and pressure requirements of the module, and are typically evenly distributed along the circumference of the end plates to ensure that the seal is subjected to uniform compressive force.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first fastener 11 can be a screw, stud, or other threaded fastener in addition to a bolt, or a non-threaded fastening method such as a clamp or quick-connect coupling, as long as it can provide sufficient tension to press the boss into the sealing groove.

[0047] The solid-state battery in this embodiment also includes a second fastener 12. The busbar 6 is connected to the cell assembly via the second fastener 12. The second fastener 12 is a bolt or screw. The busbar 6 has mounting holes through which the tabs of the cell assembly pass. The second fastener 12 secures the busbar 6 to the cell assembly, ensuring a reliable electrical connection and mechanical fixation between the busbar 6 and the cell assembly. The tightening torque of the second fastener 12 needs to be properly controlled to ensure sufficiently low contact resistance while avoiding damage to the cell tabs due to over-tightening.

[0048] In this embodiment, in addition to being connected to the battery cell assembly via the second fastener 12, the busbar 6 can also be connected to the battery cell assembly via welding, such as ultrasonic welding or laser welding, to improve connection reliability and reduce contact resistance.

[0049] The solid-state battery in this embodiment also includes an overflow valve 13. The overflow valve 13 is located at the medium exchange port outlet. The overflow valve 13 opens when the pressure inside the housing 14 exceeds a preset threshold, allowing the pressure medium 16 to overflow from the housing 14. The overflow valve 13 is a passive pressure protection device that operates automatically without an electrical control signal, offering advantages such as fast response and high reliability. When the pressure inside the housing 14 exceeds the preset threshold set by the overflow valve 13, the overflow valve 13 automatically opens, and the pressure medium 16 is rapidly discharged through the overflow valve 13 and the medium exchange port outlet under high pressure, reducing the pressure inside the housing 14 to a safe range. When the pressure drops below the preset threshold, the overflow valve 13 automatically closes, restoring normal sealing. The overflow threshold of the overflow valve 13 can be adjusted according to actual needs, typically set to a value slightly higher than the preset working pressure but lower than the maximum allowable working pressure of the cavity 3. For example, if the normal working pressure is 10 MPa and the maximum allowable working pressure of the cavity 3 is 15 MPa, the overflow threshold of the overflow valve 13 can be set to 13 MPa. When the solid-state battery cell 1 is charging, its volume expands, which increases the pressure inside the casing 14. When the pressure reaches the maximum overflow threshold of the overflow valve 13, the pressure medium 16 overflows from the casing 14, reducing the pressure inside the casing 14. When the solid-state battery cell 1 is discharging, its volume shrinks, which reduces the pressure inside the casing 14. When the pressure decreases below the pressure compensation threshold, the pressure generating device 19 is activated to increase the pressure inside the casing 14.

[0050] The solid-state battery in this embodiment also includes a thermal management device 18 and a pressure generating device 19. The battery module, thermal management device 18, and pressure generating device 19 are connected in series via a pipeline 17 to form a circulation loop. The pipeline 17 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the medium exchange port, and a recirculating pressure medium 16 is provided in the circulation loop. Specifically, one end of the pipeline 17 is connected to the inlet of the medium exchange port, the other end is connected to the thermal management device 18, then passes through the pressure generating device 19, and finally connects to the outlet of the medium exchange port, forming a complete medium circulation flow path.

[0051] The thermal management device 18 is used to heat or cool the pressure medium 16 flowing through it based on the temperature of the pressure medium 16 within the battery module. The thermal management device 18 is connected in series in a circulation loop, receiving the pressure medium 16 flowing out of the battery module, heating or cooling it, and then returning it to the circulation loop. The thermal management device 18 has an internal cavity connected in series in the circulation loop through which the pressure medium 16 flows. The thermal management device 18 includes a housing, a heating resistance wire, and a cooling assembly. The cavity is formed inside the housing, and both the heating resistance wire and the cooling assembly are disposed within the cavity. The heating resistance wire and the cooling assembly are used to heat or cool the pressure medium 16 flowing through the cavity. The heating resistance wire is directly immersed in the pressure medium 16 flowing through the cavity to heat the pressure medium 16 through direct contact. The cooling assembly is disposed within the cavity, and the pressure medium 16 is cooled as it flows through the cooling assembly. The cooling assembly can be a compressor cooling assembly, a semiconductor cooling chip, or other components with cooling functions. The heating element of the thermal management device 18 is not limited to a heating resistance wire; it can also be a PTC heating element, an electromagnetic heating coil, or other types of electric heating elements. The thermal management function and the cooling function can be implemented by two separate sub-devices, or they can be integrated into one device. The temperature sensor 15 can be installed in the circulation loop to collect the temperature information of the pressure medium 16 and transmit the temperature signal to the battery management system 20. The battery management system 20 controls the start and stop of the heating or cooling function of the thermal management device 18 based on the temperature signal.

[0052] The pressure generating device 19 drives the pressure medium 16 to circulate within the loop, applying a preset pressure to the solid-state battery cell 1 within the battery module during its flow and directly exchanging heat with the cell 1. The pressure generating device 19 is connected in series in the loop to provide power for the circulation of the pressure medium 16. The pressure generating device 19 can be a hydraulic pump, pneumatic pump, electromagnetic pump, or other device capable of driving fluid circulation. The pressure generating device 19 has a medium storage tank for storing the pressure medium 16. When using a liquid pressure medium 16, the pressure generating device 19 can be a hydraulic pump, gear pump, vane pump, or piston pump, etc. When using a gaseous pressure medium 16, the pressure generating device 19 can be a piston compressor, screw compressor, or centrifugal fan, etc.

[0053] The pressure generating device 19 integrates a circuit board on its upper part. The circuit board has a low-voltage electrical interface and is communicatively connected to the pressure sensor 21 and temperature sensor 15, respectively. The circuit board has pressure signal receiving and analysis capabilities, capable of calculating and analyzing the pressure signal from the pressure sensor 21 and issuing corresponding control commands according to preset control logic. The circuit board integrates a microprocessor, signal amplification circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and communication interface circuit, enabling signal acquisition, processing, analysis, and command generation and transmission. The pressure generating device 19 internally integrates a power pump, which has a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the circuit board and controls the power pump to start according to the commands from the circuit board, thereby replenishing the pressure medium 16 into the circulation loop. The circuit board can also communicate with the vehicle via CAN communication, daisy-chain communication, or wireless Bluetooth communication to achieve vehicle-level energy management and status monitoring.

[0054] Pressure sensor 21 is installed in the circulation loop to acquire pressure information within the loop. Pressure sensor 21 can be a piezoresistive, piezoelectric, or capacitive pressure sensor, with its range selected based on the operating pressure range of the solid-state battery, typically 0 to 30 MPa. Pressure sensor 21 feeds back the detected pressure information to the circuit board of pressure generating device 19. The circuit board calculates and analyzes based on the pressure threshold range, issuing an alarm signal when the pressure value exceeds the alarm threshold. Based on the signal from pressure sensor 21, pressure generating device 19 determines the pressure magnitude within the circulation loop and, when additional pressure is needed, activates pressure generating device 19 to replenish the circulation loop with pressure medium 16.

[0055] The battery management system 20 is mounted on the battery module or pressure generating device 19. The battery management system 20 is fixedly installed using bolts. Both the thermal management device 18 and the pressure generating device 19 are communicatively connected to the battery management system 20. The battery management system 20 has a signal processor, the thermal management device 18 has a first signal receiving device, and the pressure generating device 19 has a second signal receiving device. The temperature sensor 15 is communicatively connected to the battery management system 20, transmitting the acquired temperature information of the pressure medium 16 to the battery management system 20. The pressure sensor 21 is communicatively connected to the battery management system 20, transmitting the acquired pressure information to the battery management system 20. The battery management system 20 is communicatively connected to both the first and second signal receiving devices. Based on the temperature information transmitted by the temperature sensor 15, and after calculation and analysis by the signal processor, the battery management system 20 sends start or stop commands to the thermal management device 18 and the pressure generating device 19, respectively, controlling the thermal management device 18 to heat or cool the pressure medium 16, and controlling the pressure generating device 19 to start or stop driving the pressure medium 16.

[0056] The working process of the above-mentioned circulation loop is as follows: The pressure generating device 19 pumps the pressure medium 16 from the medium storage tank. The pressure medium 16 enters the thermal management device 18 through the pipeline 17, where it is heated or cooled to the target temperature. Then, it enters the interior of the outer casing 14 through the pipeline 17 and the medium exchange port inlet. Inside the outer casing 14, the pressure medium 16 fills the gaps between the solid-state battery cells 1, wrapping around and contacting the surface of each solid-state battery cell 1. While applying a preset pressure to the solid-state battery cell 1, it directly exchanges heat with the solid-state battery cell 1, carrying away or providing heat. After completing the heat exchange, the pressure medium 16 flows out from the medium exchange port outlet and returns to the medium storage tank of the pressure generating device 19 through the pipeline 17, completing one cycle. This process is repeated to achieve continuous pressure maintenance and temperature regulation.

[0057] This embodiment provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned solid-state battery. The vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, or other vehicle types that require a power battery. The solid-state battery, serving as the vehicle's power battery, is installed in the vehicle's battery compartment or chassis location to provide driving power to the vehicle.

[0058] During vehicle operation, the vehicle's central control system can communicate with the circuit boards of the solid-state battery management system 20 and the pressure generating device 19 via CAN communication, daisy-chain communication, or wireless Bluetooth communication to obtain real-time pressure, temperature, and operating status information of the solid-state battery. The battery management system 20 coordinates the charging and discharging strategies, pressure management strategies, and thermal management strategies of the solid-state battery according to the vehicle's needs, achieving optimal control of the vehicle's energy management. For example, during rapid vehicle acceleration, the central control system can send a signal in advance to cause the pressure generating device 19 to pre-increase the pressure of the solid-state cell 1 to reduce interface impedance, increase discharge power, and meet the demand for instantaneous high-power output during rapid acceleration; simultaneously, the thermal management device 18 can pre-heat or cool the pressure medium 16 to keep the solid-state cell 1 at its optimal operating temperature. During long-term constant-speed cruising, the central control system can appropriately reduce the pressure of the solid-state cell 1 to reduce the energy consumption of the pressure generating device 19 and increase the vehicle's range. During vehicle charging, the central control system can dynamically adjust the pressure and temperature of the solid-state cell 1 according to the charging power and battery temperature to optimize charging efficiency and shorten charging time.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state battery, characterized in that, include: Battery module; The battery module includes a housing (14), a frame (2) disposed within the housing (14), and a plurality of solid-state cells (1) arranged in series and parallel and spaced apart from each other within the frame (2). The housing (14) is filled with a pressure medium (16), which wraps around and contacts the surface of the solid-state cells (1). The outer casing (14) is provided with a medium exchange port inlet for the pressure medium (16) to enter and a medium exchange port outlet for the pressure medium (16) to flow out. The outer shell (14) includes a cavity (3) with openings at both ends, a first end plate (4) and a second end plate (5). Sealing grooves are provided at the openings at both ends of the cavity (3). A boss is provided on both the first end plate (4) and the second end plate (5). The first end plate (4) is located at one end of the cavity (3) and the second end plate (5) is located at the other end of the cavity (3). The boss is embedded in the sealing groove, and a sealing element is provided between the boss and the sealing groove.

2. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module also includes terminals (9), busbars (6), acquisition lines (8) and power lines (10). The terminal block (9) and the acquisition line (8) are provided on the first end plate (4) and the second end plate (5), and the busbar (6) and the power line (10) are provided on the inner side of the first end plate (4) and the inner side of the second end plate (5). All the solid-state cells (1) form a cell group, the cell group is connected to the bus (6), the bus (6) is connected to the terminal (9) through the power line (10), and the bus (6) is connected to the acquisition line (8).

3. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first fastener (11), and the first end plate (4) and the second end plate (5) are respectively connected to the cavity (3) through the first fastener (11).

4. The solid-state battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a second fastener (12), through which the bus (6) is connected to the cell assembly.

5. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medium exchange port inlet is located on the first end plate (4), and the medium exchange port outlet is located on the second end plate (5).

6. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing element includes a sealing ring (7) disposed within the sealing groove.

7. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealant includes sealant filled within the sealing groove.

8. The solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, An overflow valve (13) is provided at the outlet of the medium exchange port. The overflow valve (13) is used to open when the pressure inside the housing (14) exceeds a preset threshold, so that the pressure medium (16) overflows out of the housing (14).

9. The solid-state battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes a thermal management device (18) and a pressure generating device (19); The battery module, the thermal management device (18) and the pressure generating device (19) are connected in series through a pipeline (17) to form a circulation loop. The pipeline (17) is connected to the inlet of the medium exchange port and the outlet of the medium exchange port. The circulation loop is provided with the pressure medium (16) that can be circulated. The thermal management device (18) is used to heat or cool the pressure medium (16) flowing through the thermal management device (18) based on the temperature of the pressure medium (16) in the battery module. The pressure generating device (19) is used to drive the pressure medium (16) to circulate in the circulation loop so that the pressure medium (16) applies a preset pressure to the solid cell (1) in the battery module during the flow process and directly exchanges heat with the solid cell (1).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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