New energy battery safety setting equipment

Abstract

The application discloses new energy battery safety setting equipment, and the setting equipment is innovatively designed through a casing and a directional pressure relief guide structure, directional pressure relief and orderly energy release during battery thermal runaway are realized. Through various technical means such as controlling wall thickness difference, setting weak sealing part, adopting separated or integrally formed structure, cooperating with tripping and power-off protection device and the like, the uncontrollable explosion problem caused by too tight battery compartment packaging is effectively solved. The application is not only suitable for various electric vehicles, but also suitable for fixed energy storage equipment such as energy storage power station, and has wide market application prospect and social benefits. Through promoting the construction of national laws and regulations, protecting the safety of people's life, and restoring the confidence of the insurance industry and consumers, the application will provide solid safety guarantee for the healthy development of the new energy vehicle industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, specifically to safety devices for new energy batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy structure transformation and increased environmental awareness, the new energy vehicle industry has ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. Lithium-ion batteries, due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and lack of memory effect, have become the main power source for new energy vehicles. However, lithium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runaway under abusive conditions, leading to a rapid increase in internal battery temperature. This triggers a series of chain chemical reactions, including electrolyte decomposition, separator melting, and reactions in the positive and negative electrode materials, ultimately resulting in violent combustion or explosion, releasing large amounts of heat, toxic gases, and high-pressure gas flows.

[0003] Battery thermal runaway not only causes vehicle damage and property loss, but also seriously threatens the lives of passengers and the operational safety of firefighters. Currently, new energy vehicle battery packs are typically encapsulated in high-strength metal casings to ensure the integrity of the battery modules in a conventional collision. However, this overly sealed and robust structure becomes a disadvantage when thermal runaway occurs: due to the excessively tight enclosure, the high-pressure gas and flames generated inside cannot be released in a timely and orderly manner, causing a rapid accumulation of pressure within the compartment. This pressure may eventually erupt unpredictably from the weakest point of the casing, causing accidental injury to surrounding personnel and equipment.

[0004] In existing technologies, although some battery cells are equipped with explosion-proof pressure relief valves, these only address the issue of individual battery cell combustion and do not substantially help with the overall directional energy release of the entire battery compartment. Furthermore, current battery compartment designs often neglect the directional control of deflagration energy, failing to effectively regulate the direction and intensity of the deflagration shock wave by controlling the overall strength and airtightness of the battery compartment, as well as differences in wall thickness. During fire rescue operations, the lack of effective directional pressure relief guidance makes it difficult for rescuers to determine the direction of the deflagration, hindering their safe approach to the vehicle. Uncontrollable deflagration often leads to the rapid spread of fire, increasing the difficulty of firefighting and the resulting damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical defects and provide safety equipment for new energy batteries.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A new energy safety device includes a housing and a directional pressure relief guide structure. The housing serves as a mounting carrier for the battery and has an internal cavity for accommodating the battery module. The directional pressure relief guide structure is disposed on at least one side wall of the housing and is used to guide the direction of high-pressure airflow and flame jets in the event of battery thermal runaway. The directional pressure relief guide structure includes a weak sealing portion disposed at an opening in the side wall. This weak sealing portion is ruptured when the internal pressure generated by battery thermal runaway reaches a preset threshold, thus achieving directional pressure relief.

[0007] Preferably, the thickness of the sidewall of the shell is less in some areas than in other areas. By controlling the difference in wall thickness in different areas of the shell, the direction and intensity of the deflagration shock wave can be adjusted, and the deflagration energy can be guided to be released into a preset low-pressure area or open area.

[0008] Preferably, the directional pressure relief guide structure adopts an exhaust pipe type, an inclined guide pipe type, or a guide channel structure with a bending angle; for dual battery compartment or multi battery compartment systems, the directional pressure relief guide structure is superimposed between adjacent battery compartments to form a continuous pressure relief channel.

[0009] Preferably, the directional pressure relief guide structure is separate from the housing and is mechanically fixed or snap-fitted onto the side wall of the housing; or, the directional pressure relief guide structure is integrally formed with the housing.

[0010] Preferably, a pressure relief port is provided at the bottom or lower side of the housing, and the upper part of the housing is rigidly connected to the vehicle body by means of bolt fastening, welding or die casting of sheet metal, so as to ensure the structural integrity of the battery compartment in the early stage of an accident and delay the spread of thermal runaway.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a trip power-off protection device, which includes a temperature-sensitive switch and / or a pressure-sensitive switch, the switches being connected in series in the power supply circuit between the battery pack and the vehicle power system; when an abnormal increase in temperature or a surge in pressure is detected inside the battery compartment, the temperature-sensitive switch and / or pressure-sensitive switch are triggered, automatically cutting off the energy output channel of the battery.

[0012] Preferably, the outlet of the directional pressure relief guide structure is provided with a detachable flexible plug, which is used to seal the pressure relief port under normal conditions and is instantly broken or pushed open due to excessive internal pressure during thermal runaway.

[0013] Preferably, for the energy storage battery compartment, one side wall of the shell is completely open or only has a mesh protection, without a closed panel, directly exposing the internal space to a dedicated water tank, grid compartment or open underground space, utilizing the external environment for physical heat absorption and energy reduction.

[0014] Preferably, the housing is provided with a buffer guide plate to disperse the forces between the battery modules and guide the airflow in one direction, thereby prolonging the battery explosion time and providing a window of opportunity for personnel to escape and be rescued.

[0015] The present invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned safety device for new energy batteries, comprising the following steps: S1: Real-time monitoring of environmental parameters inside the battery compartment, including temperature and pressure signals; S2: When the temperature exceeds the first preset threshold or the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold, the trip power-off protection device is triggered to cut off the power output of the battery. S3: Continuously monitor pressure changes. When the pressure reaches the third preset threshold, the weak seal of the directional pressure relief guide structure is broken, and the battery compartment begins to release pressure in a directional manner. S4: Directs the release of the deflagration energy toward the bottom of the vehicle or the non-occupant compartment until the pressure drops to a safe level.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are: 1. This invention effectively controls the direction of deflagration, extending escape and rescue time: By setting up a directional pressure relief guide structure and local wall thickness differences, the energy release direction during battery deflagration can be precisely controlled, guiding the high-pressure airflow and flames to a preset safe area, preventing energy from being released disorderly towards the occupant compartment or rescue personnel. Simultaneously, by extending the battery deflagration time, it buys occupants precious several to tens of seconds to escape the scene, significantly increasing the chances of external rescue.

[0017] 2. Brand compatibility and ease of aftermarket installation: The design of the device in this invention is flexible and can be applied to all electric vehicle brands. It does not affect the existing appearance design and aerodynamic performance of electric vehicles, and the aftermarket installation process is simple, requiring almost no additional cost. It can be effectively integrated into existing equipment, providing feasible technical conditions for the formulation of laws and regulations.

[0018] 3. By significantly improving the safety performance of the battery system, it effectively addresses buyers' anxiety about electric vehicles, contributing to the healthy development of the new energy vehicle market. In particular, it provides retrofitting solutions for all used electric vehicles, fully resolving safety concerns and promoting the establishment of a healthy used car market.

[0019] 4. In the event of a deflagration, the directional energy release design allows rescue personnel to anticipate the danger zone, safely approach the vehicle, and equip themselves with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment, significantly reducing accident losses. The controllability of risk helps restore insurance companies' confidence in profitability, alleviates manufacturers' concerns about maintenance, and rekindles consumers' expectations for the safety of new energy vehicles.

[0020] 5. By controlling the connection between the battery compartment and the vehicle body through temperature-sensitive and pressure-sensitive switches, the energy exchange between the battery and the vehicle's system can be automatically cut off in the early stages of an accident, effectively protecting the safety of the battery compartment, preventing secondary damage to the vehicle caused by disordered energy output, and realizing orderly pressure and energy release in the event of thermal runaway of the battery compartment.

[0021] 6. Regardless of future advancements in battery technology, the design concept of directional pressure and energy release will remain relevant, reflecting a perpetual pursuit of safety. The independently designed battery compartment offers greater scalability, providing ample space for building an ecosystem within the compartment. It facilitates the selection of battery capacity and type based on diverse needs, demonstrating promising industrialization prospects and market potential. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the automotive battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the automotive battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the automotive battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electric vehicle battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electric vehicle battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the electric vehicle battery compartment structure of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0023] As shown in the figure: 1. Battery compartment; 2. Stainless steel sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “up,” and “down” used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the attached diagram, while the terms “inside” and “outside” refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0026] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The new energy battery safety device provided by the present invention mainly includes two core components: a shell and a directional pressure relief guide structure. Through ingenious structural design and application of physical principles, it realizes safety protection and orderly energy release during battery thermal runaway.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment demonstrates a basic implementation of a safety device for new energy batteries. The housing 1 serves as the battery mounting carrier, and its interior contains a cavity for fixing and accommodating the power battery module. The overall structural design of the housing 1 fully considers the balance between strength and pressure relief requirements, effectively protecting the internal battery from external mechanical impacts and environmental influences under normal use.

[0029] The directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is disposed on the side wall of the housing 1, specifically on the front side wall of the housing 1. This directional pressure relief guide structure 2 adopts an exhaust pipe design, with one end extending into the receiving cavity and the other end extending outwards, forming a guide channel with a certain length and direction. The outlet of the exhaust pipe-type directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is provided with a weak sealing part, which remains closed under normal conditions to ensure the airtightness and waterproof / dustproof performance of the battery compartment.

[0030] When a battery experiences thermal runaway, the internal temperature rises sharply, and the electrolyte decomposes, generating a large amount of high-pressure gas. As the pressure continues to build up, when a preset threshold is reached, the weak seal on the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is breached, and the high-pressure gas flow and flame are directed out along the exhaust pipe, preventing random combustion. The tilt angle and outlet direction of the exhaust pipe can be optimized according to the space under the vehicle or a dedicated pressure relief area to ensure the safety of energy release.

[0031] In this embodiment, the housing 1 and the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 are separate structures. The directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is mechanically fixed or snap-fitted to the side wall of the housing 1. This design facilitates mass production and subsequent maintenance. When the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is damaged due to accidental damage, it can be easily replaced. The upper part of the housing 1 can be connected to the vehicle body by bolts or welding to ensure the overall structural integrity.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment demonstrates a pressure relief structure with tilting guidance function. Unlike Embodiment 1, the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 in this embodiment adopts a tilted guide tube design, which is set at an angle on the upper side wall of the housing 1. The tilt angle is designed based on fluid dynamics calculations, which can effectively guide the deflagration energy to be released into the open area in front of the vehicle, avoiding direct impact on the passenger compartment or vehicles behind.

[0033] The sidewalls of housing 1 are locally thinned at the root region of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2, forming a stress concentration zone that makes the weak seal more prone to failure at the predetermined location. Meanwhile, other areas of housing 1 maintain sufficient thickness to ensure the structural integrity of the battery compartment during daily use. This design of localized thickness variation is a key innovation of this solution; by precisely controlling the wall thickness of different areas of housing 1, the propagation path of the deflagration shock wave can be actively adjusted.

[0034] In this embodiment, the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 and the shell 1 can be integrally molded using a stamping or casting process, reducing the number of parts and improving the overall structural reliability. The integrally molded connection has high strength and is not easily detached under high pressure impact, ensuring the unobstructed pressure relief channel.

[0035] Example 3 This embodiment demonstrates a continuous pressure relief structure suitable for dual-battery-compartment or multi-battery-compartment systems. For large new energy commercial vehicles or energy storage power stations, multiple battery compartments are often required to meet range or energy storage demands. In this embodiment, the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is not only installed on the sidewall of a single battery compartment but also stacked between adjacent battery compartments to form a continuous pressure relief channel.

[0036] Specifically, the outlet of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 of the first battery compartment is connected to the inlet of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 of the second battery compartment, or connected through a guide channel, so that the energy generated during thermal runaway of the first battery compartment can pass through the pressure relief channels of each battery compartment in sequence, and finally be safely released from the outlet of the last battery compartment. This continuous pressure relief channel design can effectively distribute the flow pressure of a single pressure relief port and reduce the impact load on a single weak point.

[0037] The housing 1 is equipped with a buffer guide plate, which is inclined to disperse the force between the battery modules and prevent the transmission of violent shock waves between the battery modules in the event of thermal runaway. At the same time, the buffer guide plate guides the airflow in one direction, prolonging the battery explosion time and providing more time for personnel to escape and for rescue.

[0038] In this embodiment, a pressure relief port is provided at the bottom of the housing 1 to provide a backup pressure relief channel in extreme situations. The lower part of the housing 1 is rigidly connected to the vehicle body through pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive switches. These switches are connected in series in the battery power supply circuit, forming an important part of the trip power-off protection device.

[0039] Example 4 This embodiment demonstrates a special optimized design for automotive battery compartments. The upper part of the housing 1 is rigidly connected to the vehicle body via bolts, ensuring the structural integrity of the battery compartment in the initial stage of an accident and delaying the spread of thermal runaway. This rigid connection provides sufficient support strength during normal driving, while maintaining the integrity of the battery compartment and preventing battery modules from scattering in the event of a collision or other accident.

[0040] A pressure relief port is provided on one side of the bottom of the housing 1, which works in conjunction with the directional pressure relief guide structure 2. The directional pressure relief guide structure 2 adopts a guide channel structure with a bending angle. One end of it is connected to the pressure relief port at the bottom of the housing 1, and the other end extends downward and tilts downward towards the side of the vehicle. This design ensures that in the event of a deflagration, the energy is mainly released laterally from the bottom of the vehicle, away from the passenger compartment and critical chassis components.

[0041] This embodiment particularly emphasizes the application of the trip power-off protection device. This device includes a temperature-sensitive switch and a pressure-sensitive switch, which are connected in parallel or series in the power supply circuit between the battery pack and the vehicle's power system. The temperature-sensitive switch uses a temperature-controlled element with an appropriate operating temperature, triggering when the internal temperature of the battery compartment abnormally rises to a first preset threshold. The pressure-sensitive switch monitors the internal pressure of the battery compartment, triggering when the pressure surges to a second preset threshold. Upon triggering, the energy output channel of the battery is automatically cut off, preventing disordered energy output from damaging the vehicle and creating safe conditions for subsequent thermal runaway pressure relief.

[0042] Example 5 This embodiment demonstrates a special implementation method suitable for energy storage battery compartments. Unlike vehicle-mounted battery compartments, energy storage battery compartments are typically installed in fixed energy storage stations, which have special requirements for spatial layout and safety protection. In this embodiment, one side wall of the housing 1 is completely open or only has a mesh protection, without a closed panel, directly exposing the internal space to a dedicated water tank, grid compartment, or open underground space.

[0043] This open or semi-open design utilizes the external environment for physical heat absorption and energy dissipation. The water in the tank can absorb a large amount of heat energy, reducing the deflagration temperature; the grid partitions can disperse the shock wave energy; and the soil layer in the underground space provides a natural buffer and heat-absorbing medium. The side walls of the shell 1 are equipped with directional pressure relief guide structures 2 at the open edge to direct residual deflagration energy in a specific direction, preventing direct upward impact and damage to the facilities above.

[0044] In this embodiment, the outlet of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is equipped with a removable flexible plug. This plug is made of high-temperature resistant rubber or special plastic, which seals the pressure relief port under normal conditions to prevent dust, small animals, or liquid splashing in. In the event of thermal runaway, due to excessive internal pressure, the flexible plug is instantly broken or pushed open, achieving rapid pressure relief. The plug does not affect the overall pressure relief function and simultaneously improves the daily protection level of the battery compartment.

[0045] Example 6 This embodiment demonstrates an integrated battery safety device. The housing 1 is manufactured using a sheet metal die-casting process, resulting in good integrity and uniform, controllable strength distribution. The internal space of the housing 1 is optimized according to the arrangement of the battery modules, ensuring appropriate gaps between the battery modules to facilitate gas expansion and energy diffusion in the event of thermal runaway.

[0046] The directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is located on the upper side wall of the shell 1 and adopts a flat guide channel design, which is integrally formed with the shell 1. This design is both aesthetically pleasing and practical. The flat outlet of the guide channel can control the flame jet pattern, causing it to spread close to the ground rather than spraying upwards, reducing the threat to surrounding personnel and facilities.

[0047] This embodiment particularly emphasizes the optimization of the connection method between the battery compartment and the vehicle body. A rigid connection system controlled by pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive switches is used between the housing 1 and the vehicle body. These switches not only serve a connection function but, more importantly, act as safety monitoring elements. In the event of an accident, once an abnormal temperature rise or pressure change is detected, the switch immediately activates, triggering power-off protection on one hand and issuing an alarm signal on the other, notifying the remote monitoring center or nearby personnel to take emergency measures.

[0048] The sidewall of the shell 1 is locally thinned on the opposite side of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2, forming a low-pressure guide zone. When deflagration occurs, the shock wave inside the shell 1 propagates faster towards the thinner wall area, thereby guiding the deflagration energy to be released into the predetermined low-pressure zone. This method of controlling the direction of deflagration through wall thickness is low-cost and highly effective, and is one of the important means of achieving directional pressure relief.

[0049] Specific implementation of control methods: S1: Real-time monitoring phase. The system collects environmental parameters inside the battery compartment in real time through sensors distributed at various key locations inside the housing 1. Temperature sensors are distributed to monitor temperature changes at key locations such as between battery modules, the inner wall of housing 1, and the root of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2; pressure sensors monitor changes in air pressure within the containment cavity to ensure timely detection of abnormal pressure increases.

[0050] S2: Power-off protection phase. The monitoring unit transmits the collected temperature and pressure signals to the control unit in real time. When the control unit detects that the temperature exceeds the first preset threshold or the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold, it determines that the battery may experience thermal runaway and immediately triggers the trip power-off protection device. The temperature-sensitive switch and the pressure-sensitive switch activate, cutting off the energy output channel between the battery and the vehicle's power system or the power grid, preventing the battery from continuing to perform work during the explosion and causing greater damage.

[0051] S3: Directional Pressure Relief Stage. After the power failure protection is implemented, the system continues to monitor pressure changes. As the internal chemical reaction of the battery continues, the pressure will continue to rise. When the pressure reaches the third preset threshold, the weak seal of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 is instantly ruptured, and the battery compartment begins directional pressure relief. The design of the weak seal fully considers the tensile strength and toughness of the material, ensuring reliable failure under the predetermined pressure, while remaining intact under normal vibration and minor impact.

[0052] S4: Energy Release Phase. The deflagration energy is directed towards the bottom of the vehicle or the non-occupant compartment. The geometry and angle of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 determine the specific direction of energy release, ensuring that the high-pressure airflow and flames do not directly impact the passenger compartment, rescue personnel, or flammable and explosive materials. As energy is continuously released, the internal pressure of the shell 1 gradually decreases to a safe range, and the deflagration process is effectively controlled. At this point, firefighters can safely approach the vehicle and use specialized fire extinguishing equipment for subsequent handling, significantly reducing accident losses.

[0053] Material selection and manufacturing process The material selection for shell 1 needs to comprehensively consider factors such as strength, weight, corrosion resistance, and cost. For passenger vehicles, high-strength aluminum alloys or carbon fiber composite materials are typically used to reduce the overall vehicle weight; for commercial vehicles and energy storage power stations, high-strength carbon steel or special alloy steel can be used to provide sufficient protective strength. The localized thinning of shell 1 is achieved through precision stamping or CNC machining to ensure precise and controllable wall thickness differences.

[0054] The material of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 must possess characteristics such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good thermal conductivity. It can be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, or special high-temperature alloy. Weak sealing parts can be made of composite materials with specific melting characteristics, or weakening grooves can be directly machined into the base material to ensure precise failure under the predetermined pressure.

[0055] The temperature-sensitive and pressure-sensitive switches in the trip-off protection device must be automotive-grade or industrial-grade components, possessing high reliability, long lifespan, and electromagnetic interference resistance. The trigger threshold of the switches needs to be calibrated according to the specific battery chemistry and application scenario to ensure reliable operation at critical moments and to prevent false alarms under daily vibration and temperature changes.

[0056] Installation and maintenance: The safety device for new energy batteries in this invention is designed with installation convenience and maintenance economy in mind. For new vehicle manufacturing, it can be directly integrated during the battery pack design stage; for existing vehicles, it can be added later through simple mechanical fixing or snap-fit ​​methods, without the need for large-scale modification of the original vehicle structure, achieving cost-free or low-cost installation.

[0057] During routine maintenance, the main tasks are to check the unobstructed flow of the directional pressure relief guide structure 2 to ensure there are no obstructions; check for damage or signs of aging in weak sealing parts; and periodically test the sensitivity and reliability of the trip power-off protection device. Due to its simple structure and low maintenance workload, it is suitable for large-scale application.

[0058] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0059] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples. The standardized and modular design of the independent battery compartment is precisely to better support the integration and expansion of the aforementioned ecological battery management functions.

[0060] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A safety device for new energy batteries, characterized in that, include: The casing (1) serves as the mounting carrier for the battery and has an internal cavity. A directional pressure relief guide structure (2) is disposed on at least one side wall of the housing (1) for guiding the high-pressure airflow and the direction of flame jet when the battery experiences thermal runaway; The directional pressure relief guide structure (2) includes a weak sealing part provided at the side wall opening. The weak sealing part is broken when the internal pressure generated by the thermal runaway of the battery reaches a preset threshold, thereby realizing directional pressure relief.

2. The new energy battery safety device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local thickness of the sidewall of the shell (1) is less than that of other areas. By controlling the difference in wall thickness in different areas of the shell (1), the direction and intensity of the deflagration shock wave can be adjusted, and the deflagration energy can be guided to be released into a preset low-pressure area or open area.

3. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The directional pressure relief guide structure (2) adopts an exhaust pipe type, an inclined guide pipe type, or a guide groove structure with a bending angle; For dual-battery-compartment or multi-battery-compartment systems, the directional pressure relief guide structure (2) is superimposed between adjacent battery compartments to form a continuous pressure relief channel.

4. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional pressure relief guide structure (2) and the housing (1) adopt a separate structure and are attached to the side wall of the housing (1) by mechanical fixing or snap-fitting. Alternatively, the directional pressure relief guide structure (2) is integrally formed with the shell (1).

5. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom or lower side of the housing (1) is provided with a pressure relief port. The upper part of the housing (1) is rigidly connected to the vehicle body by means of bolt fastening, welding or plate die casting to ensure the structural integrity of the battery compartment in the early stage of the accident and delay the spread of thermal runaway.

6. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a trip power-off protection device, which includes a temperature-sensitive switch and a pressure-sensitive switch, the switches being connected in series in the power supply circuit between the battery pack and the vehicle power system; When an abnormal increase in temperature or a surge in pressure is detected inside the battery compartment, the temperature-sensitive switch and pressure-sensitive switch are triggered, automatically cutting off the battery's energy output channel.

7. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the directional pressure relief guide structure (2) is provided with a removable flexible plug. The flexible plug is used to seal the pressure relief port under normal conditions and is instantly broken or pushed open due to excessive internal pressure during thermal runaway.

8. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the energy storage battery compartment, one side wall of the shell (1) is completely open or only has a mesh protection, without a closed panel, directly exposing the internal space to a dedicated water tank, grid partition or open underground space, and using the external environment for physical heat absorption and energy reduction.

9. The safety device for new energy batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is equipped with a buffer guide plate to disperse the force between the battery modules and guide the airflow in one direction, prolonging the battery explosion time and providing a window of opportunity for personnel to escape and be rescued.

10. A control method for a safety device for new energy batteries, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Real-time monitoring of environmental parameters inside the battery compartment, including temperature and pressure signals; S2: When the temperature exceeds the first preset threshold or the pressure exceeds the second preset threshold, the trip power-off protection device is triggered to cut off the power output of the battery. S3: Continuously monitor pressure changes. When the pressure reaches the third preset threshold, the weak sealing part of the directional pressure relief guide structure (2) is broken, and the battery compartment begins to release pressure in a directional manner. S4: Directs the release of the deflagration energy toward the bottom of the vehicle or the non-occupant compartment until the pressure drops to a safe level.

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