An antenna and communication device

Abstract

The application provides an antenna and a communication device, relates to the technical field of antennas and communication, and aims to improve the directivity of an antenna. The antenna comprises a dipole and a reflecting surface. The vertical plane pattern of the dipole comprises a horizontal lobe pointing to a horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing to an elevation angle direction, and the elevation angle direction represents a direction deviating from the horizontal direction. The reflecting surface is at an angle with the elevation angle direction and is used for reflecting the beam of the side lobe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna and communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and communication device. Background Technology

[0002] An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna that radiates uniformly in all directions within a horizontal plane. Due to its advantages such as omnidirectionality, small size, low wind load, and low cost, it is widely used in broadcasting stations, cellular base stations, terminal equipment, and radio beacons. Based on different polarization methods, omnidirectional antennas can be divided into three categories: vertically polarized (V-Pol), horizontally polarized (H-Pol), and circularly polarized (CP). Among these, vertically polarized antennas, which use dipoles (symmetrical dipoles) as the basic radiating element, are the most common.

[0003] However, symmetrical dipole omnidirectional antennas typically exhibit low directivity, resulting in limited signal coverage, low signal-to-noise ratio, and poor communication quality. To improve directivity, related technologies often increase the effective radiating aperture to achieve high-gain horizontal omnidirectional radiation. However, this method offers limited gain improvement and tends to increase antenna height and create an unsightly appearance, making it difficult to meet practical application requirements. Therefore, a novel technical solution is urgently needed that can effectively improve directivity while maintaining a compact antenna structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of this application provide an antenna and a communication device to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] A first aspect of this application discloses an antenna, comprising: a vibrator and a reflector, wherein: The vertical plane pattern of the oscillator includes: a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing in the elevation direction, wherein the elevation direction represents the direction deviating from the horizontal direction; The reflecting surface forms an angle with the elevation direction, and is used to reflect the beam of the side lobe.

[0006] Optionally, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

[0007] Optionally, the oscillator includes a first arm, a second arm, and a feed point, wherein the feed point is located between the first arm and the second arm.

[0008] Optionally, the first arm and the second arm are deployed symmetrically about a target horizontal plane, which is the horizontal plane where the power supply point is located.

[0009] Optionally, the side lobe includes a first side lobe and a second side lobe, wherein the first side lobe and the second side lobe are symmetrical about the target horizontal plane; The reflective surface includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, which are symmetrically deployed about the target horizontal plane; The first reflecting surface is located on one side of the first arm and is used to reflect the beam of the first side lobe. The second reflecting surface is located on one side of the second arm and is used to reflect the beam of the second side lobe.

[0010] Optionally, the reflective area of ​​the reflective surface is positively correlated with the directivity of the antenna.

[0011] Optionally, the reflecting surface is an axisymmetric reflecting surface.

[0012] Optionally, the reflecting surface is coaxial with the oscillator.

[0013] Optionally, the reflecting surface is a conical reflecting surface.

[0014] Optionally, the generatrix of the conical reflective surface can be any of the following: a straight line, a multi-segment broken line, or a curve.

[0015] Optionally, the generatrix of the conical reflecting surface is a straight line, and the conical reflecting surface satisfies at least one of the following: The angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction is equal to half the pitch angle of the sidelobe; The difference between the reflection path length and the horizontal path length is an integer multiple of the operating wavelength of the oscillator. The reflection path length is the horizontal distance between the reflection point of the beam on the reflection surface and the equiphase surface. The horizontal path length is the horizontal distance between the feed point of the oscillator and the equiphase surface.

[0016] Optionally, the oscillator is an oscillator whose radiation mode is a higher-order mode.

[0017] Optionally, the oscillator satisfies L=(3.03~3.61)·λ, where L represents the height of the oscillator and λ represents the operating wavelength of the oscillator.

[0018] A second aspect of this application discloses a communication device, which includes the antenna described in the first aspect of this application.

[0019] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages: In this embodiment, an antenna is provided that utilizes the splitting characteristic of the vertical plane radiation pattern of an oscillator. The antenna includes an oscillator and a reflector. The vertical plane radiation pattern of the oscillator includes a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing in the elevation direction, where the elevation direction represents a direction deviating from the horizontal direction. The reflector forms an angle with the elevation direction to reflect the beam of the side lobe. Thus, the beam of the side lobe, after being reflected by the reflector, is superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontal lobe, forming a high-gain horizontal beam. The reflector reflects the unwanted higher-order modes (i.e., the side lobe pointing in the elevation direction) split in the vertical plane in the horizontal direction, meaning the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave is obtuse, and the reflected wave will not be reflected back to the oscillator, thus affecting its impedance. Therefore, this antenna can achieve high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a vertical plane radiation pattern of a symmetrical oscillator in each radiation mode provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a Smith chart provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oscillator provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of various generatrix forms of a conical reflecting surface provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of peak directivity Dp provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This application provides an embodiment of f L =5.45 GHz radiation pattern; Figure 9 This application provides an embodiment of f C =6.05 GHz radiation pattern; Figure 10 This application provides an embodiment of f H =6.50 GHz radiation pattern; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the half-power wavelength of the E-plane provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the beam characteristics of a symmetrical oscillator under different radiation models are first analyzed, and existing methods for improving directivity are introduced.

[0024] Symmetrical oscillators, based on the ratio of their physical length L to their operating wavelength λ (i.e., their electrical length (or electrical size), can be classified into nine types: short oscillators (L<<0.1·λ), half-wave oscillators (L≈0.5·λ), full-wave oscillators (L≈1.0·λ), 1.25 times the wavelength oscillator (L≈1.25·λ), 1.50 times the wavelength oscillator (L≈1.50·λ), twice the wavelength oscillator (L≈2.0·λ), 2.5 times the wavelength oscillator (L≈2.56·λ), three times the wavelength oscillator (L≈3.0·λ), and 3.5 times the wavelength oscillator (L≈3.67·λ), totaling nine radiation modes.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This application provides an embodiment of a symmetrical dipole with vertical radiation patterns in various radiation modes, where HPBW refers to half-power beamwidth. According to... Figure 1As shown in (a) to (c), when the electric size of the dipole L ≤ 1.0·λ, the radiation pattern is horizontally omnidirectional, and the vertical plane (E-plane) is an ideal "∞" shape, that is, the main lobe does not split and the maximum radiation points in the horizontal direction (Theta = 90°). As the electric size increases, the E-plane wavelength gradually narrows and the directivity increases. When the electrical size L = 1.25·λ, a small side lobe appears in the E-plane pattern at 60° from the main lobe, at which point the directivity reaches its maximum, i.e., D = 5.62 dBi. As the electrical size L continues to increase, the vertical plane (E-plane) pattern begins to split into multiple lobes (two or more lobes). For example, when L = 1.25·λ, the E-plane splits into three lobes (i.e., a horizontal main lobe + upper and lower grating lobes, with shallow nulls between the main lobe and the grating lobes); when L = 2.0·λ, the E-plane splits into upper and lower lobes, with deep nulls in the horizontal direction; when L = 3.03·λ, the E-plane splits into three lobes, with the horizontal main lobe amplitude smaller than the upper and lower grating lobes, and deep nulls between the main lobe and the grating lobes. These higher-order modes with split E-plane patterns are useless compared to the lower-order modes with a single main lobe, and therefore have not been applied to date.

[0026] Furthermore, the impedance characteristics of the symmetrical oscillator are analyzed, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a Smith chart provided in an embodiment of this application. It can be seen that: with a short oscillator (f1 = 0.1 GHz, L << 0.1·λ), the real part of the impedance is very small, the imaginary capacitive reactance is very high, and matching is difficult; with a half-wave oscillator (f2 = 0.9 GHz, L ≈ 0.5·λ), the real part of the impedance is close to 50 Ω, the imaginary part is close to 0 Ω, and matching is easy; with a full-wave oscillator (f3 = 1.8 GHz, L ≈ 1.0·λ), the real part of the impedance is close to 350 Ω, the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -400 Ω, and matching is difficult; with a 1.25 times wavelength oscillator (f4 = 2.25 GHz, L ≈ 1.25·λ), the real part of the impedance is close to 89 Ω, the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -235 Ω, and matching is difficult; with a 1.50 times wavelength oscillator (f5 = 2.70 GHz, L ≈ 1.50·λ), the real part of the impedance is close to 65 Ω, and the imaginary capacitive reactance is -67.5 When the impedance is Ω, matching is relatively easy; when the impedance is twice the wavelength (f6=3.60 GHz, L≈2.0·λ), the real part of the impedance is nearly 273 Ω, and the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -201 Ω, making matching difficult; when the impedance is twice the wavelength (f6=3.60 GHz, L≈2.0·λ), the real part of the impedance is nearly 273 Ω, and the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -201 Ω, making matching difficult; when the impedance is three times the wavelength (f7=5.45 GHz, L≈3.03·λ), the real part of the impedance is nearly 215 Ω, and the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -124 Ω, making matching difficult; when the impedance is (3.30~3.60) times the wavelength (f7 / f8=6.05 / 6.50 GHz, L≈3.03 / 3.61·λ), the real part of the impedance is nearly 95 / 70 Ω, and the imaginary capacitive reactance is as high as -130 / -61 Ω, making matching relatively easy, and it has greater potential for engineering applications.

[0027] Currently, only two radiation modes—short dipoles and half-wave dipoles—have been applied in engineering. Short dipoles are electrically small, with a small real impedance, large imaginary capacitive reactance, narrow bandwidth, low directivity, and low efficiency. They are typically used as receiving antennas, such as tire pressure monitoring (TPPS) antennas and car key antennas. Half-wave dipoles have a purely real impedance (Zin≈73.1Ω), wide bandwidth, and high directivity (D≈2.15dBi). Due to their superior characteristics, half-wave dipoles are widely used, for example, in base station antennas and WLAN antennas. Full-wave dipoles (D≈3.84 dBi) and 1.25 times wavelength dipoles (D≈5.62 dBi) have even higher directivity, but their large real and imaginary impedance parts make them difficult to match and apply. The first four radiation modes (low-order modes) mentioned above have high engineering application value due to their ideal horizontal omnidirectional patterns. In contrast, the latter five radiation modes are all high-order modes, with electrical scales exceeding one wavelength. Multiple half-wavelength currents will alternately reverse, causing the E-plane radiation pattern to split into multiple lobes, thus limiting their practicality. Therefore, there has been no research on high-order modes to date.

[0028] Due to its 360° horizontal radiation, the directivity of symmetrical dipole omnidirectional antennas is typically low; for example, the directivity of a half-wave dipole is only 2.15 dBi. Low directivity results in small signal coverage, low signal-to-noise ratio, and poor communication quality. Theoretically, there are four methods to improve directivity: 1) Increasing the electrical dimensions of individual elements, i.e., increasing the electrical length of low-order mode single elements to increase the radiating aperture to achieve high-gain omnidirectional radiation. For example, increasing from a half-wave dipole (L=0.5·λ, D=2.15 dBi) to a full-wave dipole (L=1.0·λ, D=3.84 dBi) or a 1.25-times-wave dipole (L=1.25·λ, D=5.62 dBi). This method significantly improves directivity, but the improvement is limited and still cannot meet practical needs.

[0029] 2) Increase the overall effective radiating aperture, i.e., coaxial array of multiple elements. This method increases the radiating aperture by coaxially arraying multiple low-order mode dipoles to achieve high-gain omnidirectional radiation. For example, short dipole / half-wave dipole / full-wave dipole / 1.25 times wavelength dipole array. This method is the most commonly used but has obvious drawbacks. The more elements are arrayed vertically, the narrower the vertical plane bandwidth and the higher the directivity. However, as the number of elements increases and the feed line length increases, dispersion effects intensify, losses increase significantly, element current distribution becomes inconsistent, and bandwidth, especially the radiation pattern bandwidth, narrows significantly. Simultaneously, arraying leads to increased antenna height and a more obtrusive appearance.

[0030] 3) Construct an EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) cavity to ensure that the surface currents are in the same direction, thereby increasing the effective radiation aperture and achieving high directivity. This method involves arranging one or more low-order mode oscillators in a large-spaced coaxial array, and then coaxially placing a cylindrical EBG cavity around the oscillators. The vertical plane of the source oscillator has a wide wavelength, which can illuminate the entire surface of the EBG cavity, forming a unidirectional current distribution on the periodic metal plates of the EBG cavity, thus creating a horizontal high-gain omnidirectional radiation. This method is only suitable for the first four low-order modes, i.e., those with a radiation pattern of only one main lobe pointing horizontally, and is not suitable for high-order modes with three cleavages in the E-plane.

[0031] 4) By setting up a reflecting surface, electromagnetic waves are reflected horizontally, compressing the wave width in the vertical plane and thus achieving high directivity. Existing methods for achieving high directivity by setting up reflecting surfaces are all proposed for low-order modes, and the gain effect is limited.

[0032] In summary, the relevant solutions can be broadly categorized into two types: one is omnidirectional dipole elements with larger electrical dimensions, and the other is high-gain omnidirectional array antennas composed of multiple symmetrical dipoles. Although both methods can achieve gain to some extent, they still cannot fundamentally overcome the problems of omnidirectional array antennas. Therefore, it is essential to explore other solutions for achieving high gain in omnidirectional antennas.

[0033] To overcome the limitations of related technologies, this application provides an antenna that differs from related technologies that utilize the characteristic that the vertical plane radiation pattern of the lower-order modes of an oscillator has a single main lobe pointing horizontally, thereby increasing the effective radiating aperture to form a horizontally high-gain omnidirectional beam. Instead, this antenna utilizes the splitting characteristics of the unused higher-order modes of the oscillator (e.g., L = (3.03~3.61)·λ). An inclined reflector is set at one end of the oscillator's axial direction. The inclined reflector reflects the beam of the side lobes pointing towards the elevation angle in a horizontal direction, and then superimposes it in phase with the middle lobe in the horizontal direction, thereby forming a high-gain omnidirectional beam in the horizontal plane, with a gain exceeding 13 dBi. Moreover, since the reflected wave radiates horizontally outward, almost no reflection reaches the source antenna, so the input impedance of the source antenna is unaffected. This unique approach transforms useless higher-order modes into useful high-gain omnidirectional radiation, further enriching the antenna's form and expanding its application potential.

[0034] The antenna provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Reference Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. (As shown...) Figure 3 As shown, the antenna includes: a vibrator and a reflector, wherein: The vertical plane pattern of the oscillator includes: a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing in the elevation direction, wherein the elevation direction represents the direction deviating from the horizontal direction; The reflecting surface forms an angle with the elevation direction, and is used to reflect the beam of the side lobe.

[0036] In this embodiment, the dipole is the transceiver unit (i.e., feed) in the antenna. The vertical radiation pattern of the dipole is split into multiple lobes, including a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing in the elevation direction. Specifically, depending on the type of dipole and its radiation mode, the lobes split in the vertical radiation pattern of the dipole may vary. For example, if the dipole is a symmetrical dipole and its radiation mode is a higher-order mode, the vertical radiation pattern may include a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction, a first side lobe pointing in the elevation direction (lower side lobe), and a second side lobe pointing in the elevation direction (upper side lobe).

[0037] The reflecting surface forms an angle with the elevation direction and is used to reflect the beam of the sidelobe. For example, the reflecting surface can be used to reflect the beam of the sidelobe in a horizontal direction. The number of reflecting surfaces varies depending on the number of sidelobes. If there is one sidelobe, one reflecting surface is used to reflect its beam in a horizontal direction; if there are two sidelobes, two reflecting surfaces can be used to reflect the beams of each sidelobe in a horizontal direction. In this way, the beams of the sidelobes, after being reflected by the reflecting surface, are superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontal lobe, forming a high-gain horizontal beam.

[0038] The technical solution of this application reflects the useless higher-order modes (i.e., side lobes pointing in the elevation direction) split in the vertical plane to the horizontal direction through a reflecting surface. That is, the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave is obtuse, and the reflected wave will not reflect back to the oscillator and affect its impedance. The beam of the side lobes after reflection is superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontally pointing horizontal lobe, achieving high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction. Because this antenna transforms useless higher-order modes into useful high-gain omnidirectional radiation, it further enriches the antenna's form and expands its application potential.

[0039] In one embodiment, based on the above embodiments, the antenna is an omnidirectional antenna. This omnidirectional antenna can radiate horizontally 360°. It can reflect beams from side lobes pointing towards the elevation angle based on a reflector surface, thereby converting useless higher-order modes into useful high-gain omnidirectional radiation. Therefore, this omnidirectional antenna can achieve high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction.

[0040] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one implementation, this application also provides an antenna, such as... Figure 4 As shown, in this antenna, the vibrator includes: a first arm, a second arm, and a feed point, wherein the feed point is located between the first arm and the second arm.

[0041] In other words, the first arm and the second arm are connected by a feed point, with the first arm on one side of the feed point and the second arm on the other. Depending on the radiation mode of the oscillator, the vertical radiation pattern of the oscillator may vary. In some embodiments, the vertical radiation pattern of the oscillator includes a horizontal lobe pointing horizontally and a side lobe pointing upwards; in other embodiments, the vertical radiation pattern of the oscillator includes a horizontal lobe pointing horizontally and multiple side lobes pointing upwards. The side lobes pointing upwards can all be reflected by a reflecting surface, so that the beams of the side lobes are reflected and superimposed in phase with the beams of the horizontal lobes, forming a high-gain horizontal beam.

[0042] Furthermore, the first arm and the second arm are deployed symmetrically about a target horizontal plane, which is the horizontal plane where the power supply point is located.

[0043] In this embodiment, the oscillator is a symmetrical oscillator. According to the ratio of physical length L to working wavelength λ, i.e., electrical length (or electrical size), it can be divided into a variety of different radiation modes. Under different radiation modes, the vertical plane radiation pattern of the oscillator may be different.

[0044] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the vibrator is a vibrator whose radiation mode is a higher-order mode.

[0045] Specifically, the oscillator satisfies L=(3.03~3.61)·λ, where L represents the height of the oscillator and λ represents the operating wavelength of the oscillator.

[0046] In this embodiment, the height of the oscillator refers to its physical dimensions. If the oscillator is a symmetrical oscillator, the height L refers to the total length of the first arm and the second lower arm. This oscillator has a high-order radiation mode, and its vertical radiation pattern exhibits a three-splitting characteristic, meaning it splits into a horizontal lobe pointing horizontally and at least one side lobe pointing upwards. If the oscillator satisfies L = (3.03~3.61)·λ, then the vertical radiation pattern of the oscillator is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in (g) in the diagram.

[0047] Thus, based on the splitting characteristics of the oscillator of higher-order modes, the useless higher-order modes (i.e., side lobes pointing in the direction of elevation) split in the vertical plane are reflected in the horizontal direction by the reflecting surface. That is, the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave is obtuse, and the reflected wave will not be reflected back to the oscillator and affect its impedance. The beam of the side lobe after being reflected by the reflecting surface is superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction to achieve high-gain omnidirectional in the horizontal direction.

[0048] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the side lobes include a first side lobe and a second side lobe, and the first side lobe and the second side lobe are symmetrical about the target horizontal plane; The reflective surface includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, which are symmetrically deployed about the target horizontal plane; The first reflecting surface is located on one side of the first arm and is used to reflect the beam of the first side lobe. The second reflecting surface is located on one side of the second arm and is used to reflect the beam of the second side lobe.

[0049] In this embodiment, the side lobes pointing in the elevation direction include two parts: a first side lobe and a second side lobe. Two reflecting surfaces are needed to reflect these two side lobes respectively, in order to form high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane. Since the first and second side lobes are symmetrical about the target horizontal plane, in order to ensure that the beams of both the first and second side lobes can be reflected horizontally by the reflecting surfaces, the first and second reflecting surfaces are symmetrically deployed about the target horizontal plane.

[0050] In this way, the beams of different side lobes in the antenna can be reflected by the reflecting surface to form high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal plane. Since the beams of the first side lobe and the second side lobe are both reflected in the horizontal direction, that is, the angle between the incident wave and the reflected wave is obtuse, the reflected wave will not be reflected back to the oscillator and affect its impedance, thereby achieving high-gain omnidirectional radiation in the horizontal direction.

[0051] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the reflective area of ​​the reflective surface is positively correlated with the directivity of the antenna.

[0052] In this embodiment, the beam of the side lobe pointing towards the elevation angle is reflected horizontally by the reflector. The beam of the side lobe after reflection by the reflector is superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontal lobe pointing horizontally, forming a horizontally highly directional omnidirectional beam. The reflective area of ​​the reflector is positively correlated with the directivity of the antenna. The larger the reflective area of ​​the reflector, the more beams are reflected. The directivity of the antenna can be further improved by increasing the reflective area of ​​the reflector.

[0053] In practical applications, different reflective areas can be set according to specific usage scenarios and performance requirements. For usage scenarios where antenna size requirements are not high, a larger reflective area can improve the antenna's directivity. For usage scenarios where antenna size requirements are high, a balance needs to be struck between antenna size and performance, setting a reflective area that meets both performance and size requirements to reflect the sidelobe beam.

[0054] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the reflecting surface is an axisymmetric reflecting surface.

[0055] In this embodiment, an axisymmetric reflecting surface means that the area and shape of the reflecting surface are exactly the same on both sides of the axis. Considering the 360° horizontal radiation of the oscillator, in order to ensure that the beams of the side lobes pointing in the elevation direction can all be reflected in the horizontal direction, the reflecting surface is an axisymmetric reflecting surface. Thus, the axisymmetric reflecting surface is used to reflect the beams in the symmetrical direction in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving high-gain omnidirectional reflection in the horizontal direction.

[0056] Furthermore, the reflecting surface is coaxial with the oscillator.

[0057] In this embodiment, coaxiality between the reflector and the oscillator means that the central axis of the reflector coincides with the axial direction of the oscillator. Considering the oscillator's 360° horizontal radiation, in order to ensure that the 360° beams of the side lobes pointing in the elevation direction can be reflected in the horizontal direction, the reflector needs to be deployed coaxially with the oscillator.

[0058] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the reflecting surface is a conical reflecting surface.

[0059] In this embodiment of the application, in order to ensure that the beam of the side lobe pointing in the elevation direction can be reflected by the reflecting surface in the horizontal direction, the reflecting surface must be a rotationally symmetric geometric body coaxial with the oscillator, that is, the reflecting surface is a conical reflecting surface.

[0060] In this way, the 360° beam of the side lobes pointing in the elevation direction can be reflected in the horizontal direction through the conical reflector, thereby achieving high-gain omnidirectional beams in the horizontal direction.

[0061] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of various generatrix forms of a conical reflective surface provided in the embodiments of this application. The generatrix of the conical reflective surface can be any of the following: a straight line, a multi-segment broken line, or a curve.

[0062] In this embodiment, considering that peak directivity, sidelobe level, and pattern bandwidth are related to the geometric parameters of the reflecting surface (e.g., the diameter of the conical reflecting surface and the angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction), the generatrix of the conical reflecting surface can have various forms. Here, the straight line is simply a single straight line, such as... Figure 5 As shown in ①; a polyline is formed by splicing together multiple line segments, such as... Figure 5 As shown in ②; the curve can be a parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, or other curves, such as Figure 5 As shown in ③.

[0063] In practical applications, different reflector surfaces can be set according to the antenna's performance requirements and size requirements to reflect the beams of the side lobes in the antenna in the horizontal direction. This allows the beams of the side lobes reflected by the reflector surfaces to be superimposed in phase with the beams of the horizontal lobes pointing in the horizontal direction, forming a horizontally highly directional omnidirectional beam.

[0064] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the generatrix of the conical reflector is a straight line, and the angle between the conical reflector and the horizontal direction is determined according to the elevation angle of the sidelobe.

[0065] In this embodiment, the angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction refers to the angle between the generatrix of the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction, and the pitch angle of the sidelobe refers to the angle between the sidelobe beam and the horizontal direction. Different angles between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction result in different beam directions reflected from the reflecting surface. During reflection, the incident angle of the beam equals the reflection angle. The pitch angle of the sidelobe affects both the incident angle and the reflection angle. To reflect the sidelobe beam horizontally, the angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction needs to be determined based on the pitch angle of the sidelobe.

[0066] The technical solution of this application embodiment determines the angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction based on the pitch angle of the side lobe. Then, based on this angle, the reflecting surface is deployed at one end of the oscillator. The side lobe beam is reflected horizontally through this conical reflecting surface. The beam of the side lobe after reflection is superimposed in phase with the beam of the horizontally pointing lobe, forming a horizontally highly directional omnidirectional beam. Thus, high-gain omnidirectional beams in the horizontal direction are achieved.

[0067] In conjunction with the above embodiments, in one embodiment, this application also provides an antenna in which the generatrix of the conical reflective surface is a straight line, and the conical reflective surface satisfies at least one of the following: Item A-1: ​​The angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction is equal to half the pitch angle of the sidelobe; Item A-2: The difference between the reflection path length and the horizontal path length is an integer multiple of the operating wavelength of the oscillator, the reflection path length is the horizontal distance between the reflection point of the beam on the reflection surface and the equiphase surface, and the horizontal path length is the horizontal distance between the feed point of the oscillator and the equiphase surface.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, if the conical reflecting surface satisfies at least one of terms A-1 and A-2, the conical reflecting surface can reflect the beam of the side lobe in the horizontal direction. The beam of the side lobe after reflection by the reflecting surface is superimposed in phase with the beam of the lobe pointing in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal high-directional omnidirectional beam.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of another antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein L1 is the generatrix length of the conical reflector, H0 is the half height of the vibrator, H1 is the height of the reflection point from the top of the vibrator, D1 is the horizontal path length, D2 is the reflection path length; α is the elevation angle of the side lobe, and γ is the angle between the conical reflector and the horizontal direction.

[0070] According to the principle of superposition of in-phase components, by Figure 6 The geometric relationship in (a) can be obtained as follows: γ=90°-(180°-α) / 2=90°-(90°-α / 2)=α / 2; (1) D1 = L1·cosγ; (2) H1 = L1·sinγ; (3) D2=(H0+H1) / sinα=(H0+L1·sinγ) / sinα; (4) Δ D=D2-D1=n·λ0; (n=0, 1, 2, 3) (5) According to formulas (1) to (5), if the angle γ between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction is equal to half of the pitch angle α of the side lobe, and the difference between the reflection path length D2 and the horizontal path length D1 is an integer multiple of the working wavelength λ0, that is, when ΔD=n·λ0, the beams of the upper side lobe and the lower side lobe after reflection by the reflecting surface are superimposed in phase with the beam of the lobe pointing to the horizontal direction, forming a horizontal high-directional omnidirectional beam.

[0071] Furthermore, the peak directivity Dp, sidelobe level, and pattern bandwidth are related to the geometric parameters of the reflector, and the directivity of the antenna can be optimized and improved by setting different geometric parameters.

[0072] The technical solution of this application embodiment is adopted, the generatrix of the conical reflector is designed as a straight line, and the angle between the conical reflector and the horizontal direction is equal to half of the pitch angle of the side lobe. The difference between the reflection path length and the horizontal path length is an integer multiple of the working wavelength of the oscillator. In this way, the beam of the side lobe is reflected in the horizontal direction through the conical reflector. The beam of the side lobe after reflection by the reflector is superimposed in phase with the beam of the lobe pointing in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal high-directional omnidirectional beam.

[0073] Furthermore, to better illustrate the performance of the antenna in the embodiments of this application, simulation analysis was performed on the antenna, and the analysis results are as follows: Figures 7 to 11 As shown. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the peak directivity Dp, where the solid line represents the peak directivity Dp of the antenna implemented in this application (i.e., a symmetrical dipole + a conical reflector), and the dashed line represents the peak directivity Dp of only a symmetrical dipole (without a conical reflector). Figure 7It can be seen that after symmetrically deploying conical reflectors at the upper and lower ends of the oscillator, the peak directivity Dp is improved by nearly 8.5 dBi, and a high-gain omnidirectional radiation pattern (peak directivity Dp≥11 dBi) is achieved in the 5.45~6.50 GHz frequency band, with a relative bandwidth BW=17.57%.

[0074] Figures 8 to 10 This illustrates the low-frequency f L =5.45 GHz (L=3.03·λ0), intermediate frequency f C =6.05 GHz (L=3.36·λ0) and high frequency f H The radiation patterns at three frequency points of 6.50 GHz (L=3.64·λ0) are shown, where the dashed lines represent the horizontal plane (H-plane) and the solid lines represent the vertical plane (E-plane). It can be seen that when the reflector size is Φ608mm×H-530mm (corresponding electrical dimensions: 12.16·λ0×10.6·λ0@6 GHz), the horizontal plane radiation pattern has ideal omnidirectionality, while the vertical plane has many sidelobes and a very narrow bandwidth, approximately HPBW≈3.4°~4.4°. Figure 11 As shown, the corresponding peak directivity Dp = (11.0~13.0) dBi is achieved, realizing broadband high-gain omnidirectional.

[0075] By adopting the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, a single oscillator can obtain a high directivity of up to 13dBi, equivalent to a 16-element array, and saves the complex design and high loss characteristics of conventional array feeding networks; it is more efficient and has a wider bandwidth, and transforms the previously completely useless high-order modes into extremely useful high-gain modes, greatly enriching the form of dipole antennas and expanding their application potential.

[0076] This application also provides a communication device, which includes the antenna described in the above embodiments.

[0077] The advantages of this communication device over the prior art are the same as those of the antenna described above, and will not be repeated here. The technical details and advantages of the antenna have been described in detail in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0079] This application describes embodiments with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of antennas according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more boxes. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0080] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0082] The antenna and communication device provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: Oscillator and reflecting surface, wherein: The vertical plane pattern of the oscillator includes: a horizontal lobe pointing in the horizontal direction and at least one side lobe pointing in the elevation direction, wherein the elevation direction represents the direction deviating from the horizontal direction; The reflecting surface forms an angle with the elevation direction, and is used to reflect the beam of the side lobe.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The oscillator includes a first arm, a second arm, and a power supply point, wherein the power supply point is located between the first arm and the second arm.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first arm and the second arm are deployed symmetrically about a target horizontal plane, which is the horizontal plane where the power supply point is located.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side lobe includes a first side lobe and a second side lobe, and the first side lobe and the second side lobe are symmetrical about the target horizontal plane; The reflective surface includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, which are symmetrically deployed about the target horizontal plane; The first reflecting surface is located on one side of the first arm and is used to reflect the beam of the first side lobe. The second reflecting surface is located on one side of the second arm and is used to reflect the beam of the second side lobe.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The reflective area of ​​the reflective surface is positively correlated with the directivity of the antenna.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The reflecting surface is an axisymmetric reflecting surface.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reflecting surface is coaxial with the oscillator.

9. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reflecting surface is a conical reflecting surface.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The generatrix of the conical reflective surface can be any one of the following: a straight line, a multi-segment broken line, or a curve.

11. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, The generatrix of the conical reflecting surface is a straight line, and the conical reflecting surface satisfies at least one of the following: The angle between the conical reflecting surface and the horizontal direction is equal to half the pitch angle of the sidelobe; The difference between the reflection path length and the horizontal path length is an integer multiple of the operating wavelength of the oscillator. The reflection path length is the horizontal distance between the reflection point of the beam on the reflection surface and the equiphase surface. The horizontal path length is the horizontal distance between the feed point of the oscillator and the equiphase surface.

12. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oscillator is an oscillator whose radiation mode is a higher-order mode.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that, The oscillator satisfies L=(3.03~3.61)·λ, where L represents the height of the oscillator and λ represents the operating wavelength of the oscillator.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1-13.

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