A polarized breathing mode antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a polarized breathing flow state antenna and belongs to the antenna and microwave technical field; the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a non-uniform ring structure arranged on the upper surface and a forked dipole feeding structure arranged on the lower surface; the non-uniform ring structure is surrounded by a first fan ring patch and a second fan ring patch which are not overlapped and are spaced apart, and the inner and outer radius ratios of the two are different; the second fan ring patch is symmetrically slotted and is respectively connected with a first diode and a second diode, and the two fan ring patches are respectively connected with a third diode and a fourth diode at the adjacent gaps; the forked dipole feeding structure is projected to coincide with the geometric center line of the non-uniform ring structure, adopts horizontal attachment feeding, and comprises symmetrically connected main arms, side arms and cross arms; the application combines the forked feeding and the diode state control, changes the non-uniform ring current flow direction, thereby realizing the high-speed dynamic reconstruction of the polarization rotation and effectively widening the impedance bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of antenna and microwave technology, and specifically relates to a polarized breathing flow antenna. Background Technology

[0002] With the miniaturization and lightweight development of wireless communication, polarization-reconfigurable antennas have attracted much attention due to their ability to improve channel capacity and suppress multipath fading by utilizing polarization diversity. Existing technologies suffer from several drawbacks: mechanical control is slow and bulky; PIN diode solutions have complex bias networks and limited polarization states; liquid crystal solutions require high driving voltages and are difficult to manufacture; and liquid metal reconfigurable antennas rely on external drives such as microfluidic pumps, resulting in large space occupancy and poor portability. Traditional polarization-reconfigurable antennas often require additional auxiliary equipment or multi-layer structures, leading to high profiles and large volumes, making them difficult to adapt to RF devices with limited space. Achieving switching of circular polarization radiation characteristics while maintaining a low profile and lightweight design remains a significant challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a polarized breathing flow antenna, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A polarized breathing flow antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, a non-uniform ring structure disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a forked dipole feed structure disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate. The non-uniform ring structure has a geometric central axis and includes: a first and a second ring patch that are not overlapping and are spaced apart, which together form the non-uniform ring structure, and the inner and outer radii of the two ring patches are different; two slots are symmetrically formed on the second ring patch about the geometric central axis, and a first diode and a second diode are respectively connected in the two slots; a third diode and a fourth diode are respectively connected at the adjacent gaps of the two ring patches. The forked dipole feeding structure is symmetrical about the geometric central axis and includes two main arms, two side arms and four cross arms. The two main arms are symmetrically arranged, and the outer end of each main arm is connected to the middle of the corresponding side arm. The two ends of each side arm are connected to a corresponding cross arm, so that the whole structure is a symmetrical forked topology.

[0005] Furthermore, the first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are symmetrical about the geometric central axis, and the inner diameters of the first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are the same.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner diameters of both the first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are greater than or equal to 0.14 times the antenna operating wavelength.

[0007] Furthermore, the ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius of the first sector ring patch is greater than or equal to 1:1.05, and the ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius of the second sector ring patch is greater than or equal to 1:1.15.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle between the radial centerline of the slotted position of the second sector ring patch and the geometric centerline is 10°~80°.

[0009] Furthermore, the total length of the fork-shaped dipole feeding structure is 0.2 to 0.3 times the antenna operating wavelength; wherein: The length of the main arm is 0.05 to 0.08 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.03 to 0.06 times the antenna operating wavelength; The length of the side arm is 0.01 to 0.04 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.08 to 0.11 times the antenna operating wavelength; The length of the cross arm is 0.04 to 0.07 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.01 to 0.03 times the antenna operating wavelength.

[0010] Furthermore, the center of the forked dipole feeding structure coincides with the center of the first fan ring patch in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is F4B, which has a relative permittivity of 2.65 and a radius of 28 mm; The inner diameter of the first sector ring patch is 20mm, and the outer diameter is 21mm; The inner diameter of the second sector ring patch 7 is 20mm, the outer diameter is 23mm, and the central angle is 180°; The main arm is 8mm long and 5mm wide, the side arm is 12mm long and 3mm wide, and the cross arm is 6.5mm long and 2mm wide, and is symmetrical about the central axis of the semi-circular ring structure.

[0012] The polarization control method of the above-mentioned polarization breathing flow antenna includes: A DC voltage is applied to the first, second, third, and fourth diodes to control each diode to switch between the on and off states, thereby changing the surface high-frequency current flow direction of the non-uniform ring structure and realizing the dynamic reconstruction of the polarization rotation direction of the far-field radiation field of the antenna.

[0013] Furthermore, controlling each diode to switch between the on and off states includes the following alternately executed control steps: S1: Output a first bias voltage to control the first diode and the third diode to conduct, and control the second diode and the fourth diode to disconnect; S2: Output a second bias voltage to control the first diode and the third diode to disconnect, and control the second diode and the fourth diode to conduct; The polarization breathing frequency of the polarization breathing flow antenna is controlled by setting the polarization switching rate between S1 and S2.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention provides a non-uniform annular patch (i.e., first and second sector annular patches with different inner and outer radius ratios) on the upper surface of a single-layer dielectric substrate, and a forked dipole for horizontal attachment and feeding on its lower surface. This technical solution highly integrates the polarization control structure and the radiating body into the same planar architecture, avoiding the drawbacks of adding mechanical auxiliary equipment to traditional arrays to achieve pattern reconstruction. Thus, while achieving the dynamic polarization reconstruction function, it maintains the low profile characteristics of the overall antenna structure, making it easier to embed into miniaturized and lightweight communication devices.

[0015] 2. This invention loads diodes at specific slot positions and patch gaps in a non-uniform annular structure and uses DC voltage to control the conduction and disconnection states of these diodes. Without altering the physical appearance of the antenna, it can electronically control the flow of high-frequency current on the radiator surface to the boundary. This allows the antenna to adaptively switch polarization states (such as left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization) at high speed and adjust the polarization breathing frequency according to the actual communication environment. This is beneficial for resisting multipath signal interference in wireless transmission, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver signal.

[0016] 3. The present invention provides a symmetrical forked dipole feeding structure consisting of a main arm, side arms, and cross arms under the dielectric substrate, and defines a specific size ratio range of each arm to the operating wavelength (e.g., the total length is 0.20 to 0.30 wavelengths). The multi-branch structure provides richer electromagnetic coupling paths, effectively overcoming the tuning difficulties caused by the non-uniform asymmetrical ring structure of the upper layer, enabling the antenna to maintain good impedance matching and stable circular polarization radiation characteristics in a wide frequency band (e.g., covering the 2.34GHz to 2.62GHz band, with a relative bandwidth of 9.6%). Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure and reference coordinates of the antenna of the present invention; Figure 2This is a three-dimensional stereoscopic diagram and a reference coordinate diagram of the antenna of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the antenna reflection coefficient characteristics calculated using HFSS software for the antenna of this invention; Figure 4 This is the antenna radiation pattern calculated using HFSS software for the antenna of this invention; Figure 5 This is the antenna radiation axis ratio diagram calculated using HFSS software for the antenna of this invention; Figure 6 The antenna of this invention uses the diode equivalent parameter antenna radiation pattern calculated by HFSS software; Figure 7 The antenna of this invention uses the diode equivalent parameter antenna radiation pattern calculated by HFSS software; Wherein, 1-third diode, 1'-fourth diode, 2-first diode, 2'-second diode, 3-first main arm, 3'-second main arm, 4-first side arm, 4'-second side arm, 5-first horizontal arm, 5'-second horizontal arm, 6-first sector ring patch, 7-second sector ring patch, 8-dielectric substrate, 9-geometric centerline. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a polarized breathing flow antenna includes: a dielectric substrate 8, a non-uniform ring structure disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 8, and a forked dipole feeding structure disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 8. The non-uniform ring structure has a geometric central axis 9. The non-uniform ring structure includes: a first ring patch 6 and a second ring patch 7 that are not overlapping and are spaced apart, together forming the non-uniform ring structure, and the inner and outer radii ratios of the first ring patch 6 and the second ring patch 7 are different; the second ring patch 7 has a first groove and a second groove symmetrically formed about the geometric central axis 9, and a first diode 2 and a second diode 2' are respectively connected across the first groove and the second groove; a third diode 1 and a fourth diode 1' are respectively connected across the adjacent gaps between the first ring patch 6 and the second ring patch 7. The forked dipole feeding structure and the non-uniform ring structure are projected to coincide in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric substrate 8, and are fed by a horizontal attachment method. The forked dipole feeding structure is symmetrical about the geometric central axis 9 and includes two main arms (first main arm 3, second main arm 3'), two side arms (first side arm 4, second side arm 4'), and four transverse arms (two first transverse arms 5, two second transverse arms 5'). The two main arms are symmetrically arranged, and the outer end of each main arm is connected to the middle part of the corresponding side arm. The two ends of each side arm are respectively connected to the corresponding transverse arms, so as to form a symmetrical forked topology.

[0021] The two sector ring patches have the same inner diameter, but different ratios of inner to outer diameter; the sector ring patch with the smaller ratio of inner to outer radius (first sector ring patch 6) has an inner diameter greater than or equal to 0.14 wavelengths and a ratio of inner to outer radius greater than or equal to 1:1.05.

[0022] The inner diameter of the fan ring patch (second fan ring patch 7) with a large inner-outer radius ratio is greater than or equal to 0.14 wavelengths, and the ratio of inner to outer radius is greater than or equal to 1:1.15.

[0023] The slot position of the second sector ring patch 7 is set to an angle range of 10°~80° with respect to the central axis.

[0024] The total length of the forked dipole-fed structure is greater than or equal to 0.20 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.30 wavelengths. In the fork-shaped dipole feeding structure, a coaxial cable is used to achieve horizontal attachment feeding. The outer shielding layer of the coaxial cable is welded to one side of the main arm of the fork-shaped dipole, and the inner core jumper wire is connected to the center of the other side of the main arm for feeding. The excitation point is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The main arm has a length greater than or equal to 0.05 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.08 wavelengths, and a width greater than or equal to 0.03 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.06 wavelengths; the side arm has a length greater than or equal to 0.01 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.04 wavelengths, and a width greater than or equal to 0.08 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.11 wavelengths; the cross arm has a length greater than or equal to 0.04 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.07 wavelengths, and a width greater than or equal to 0.01 wavelengths and less than or equal to 0.03 wavelengths.

[0025] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 8 is made of F4B, with a relative permittivity of 2.65 and a radius of 28 mm; the inner diameter of the first sector ring patch 6 is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 21 mm, and the ratio of the inner to outer radii is 1:1.05; the inner diameter of the second sector ring patch 7 is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 23 mm, the ratio of the inner to outer radii is 1:1.15, and the central angle is 180°. At this time, the first sector ring patch 6 and the second sector ring patch 7 are semi-circular ring structures; and both are loaded on top of the circular dielectric substrate 8; in the forked dipole feeding structure, the main arm is 8 mm long and 5 mm wide, the dipole side arm is 12 mm long and 3 mm wide, the dipole cross arm is 6.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, and they are symmetrical about the central axis of the semi-circular ring structure.

[0026] The inner circumference of the non-uniform circular ring is approximately one operating wavelength, which can effectively excite a pair of even-mode resonances in the loop antenna (L. Xu, W.-J. Lu, C.-Y. Yuan, and L. Zhu, “Dual circularly polarized loopantenna using a pair of resonant even-modes,” Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng., vol. 29, no. 6, Jun. 2019, Art. no. e21703.). This antenna uses two sets of diodes to alternately conduct, changing the direction of the current on the non-uniform ring, in + z The axial direction enables left- or right-hand circular polarization switching, and the switching rate is precisely controlled by the DC bias voltage.

[0027] Example 2 In this embodiment, the various characteristics of the antenna described in Example 1 are simulated and calculated using HFSS software; Figure 3 The image shows the reflection coefficient characteristics of the antenna in Example 1, calculated using HFSS software. The solid black line represents the reflection coefficient curve when the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 are conducting, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' are disconnected; the dashed gray line represents the reflection coefficient curve when the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' are conducting, and the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 are disconnected. The antenna's reflection coefficient results are essentially consistent when the diodes are conducting and disconnected at different positions. This impedance bandwidth covers the 2.34GHz to 2.62GHz frequency band, with a relative bandwidth of 9.6%.

[0028] Figure 4This is the antenna radiation pattern of this embodiment calculated using HFSS software. State 1 represents the frequency at 2.45GHz, with the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 conducting, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' disconnected. The black solid line represents the left-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern under State 1; the gray solid line represents the right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern under State 1. z In the axial direction, the primary circular polarization radiation pattern is right-hand circular polarization. State 2 represents a frequency of 2.45 GHz, with the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 disconnected, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' conducting. The black dashed line represents the left-hand circular polarization radiation pattern under State 2; the gray dashed line represents the right-hand circular polarization radiation pattern under State 2. z In the axial direction, the main circular polarization radiation mode is left-handed circular polarization.

[0029] Therefore, it can be seen that this antenna achieves + by changing the conduction of the diode. z Circular polarization characteristics with variable axial direction.

[0030] Figure 5 This is the radiation axis ratio diagram of the antenna in this embodiment, calculated using HFSS software. The black solid line represents the radiation axis ratio diagram when the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 are conducting, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' are de-converted. The gray solid line represents the radiation axis ratio diagram when the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' are conducting, and the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 are de-converted. The results show that, with different diode conduction and de-conversion settings, the antenna can achieve polarization switching and polarization breathing frequency control in the 2.33GHz-2.48GHz frequency band. Figure 3 The antenna reflection coefficient characteristics of this embodiment are such that the antenna can achieve 3dB circular polarization radiation characteristics in the 2.33GHz-2.48GHz frequency band, with a relative bandwidth of 6.12%.

[0031] Figure 6 and Figure 7 This represents the antenna radiation pattern based on the actual parameters of the diode equivalent circuit model. This embodiment uses a BAR64-02V diode, yielding the following actual data: resistance R = 2 ohms, L = 0.6 nanohenries, and C = 0.15 picofarads. In the simulation and design of this embodiment, when the diode is in the conducting state, it is equivalent to a 2-ohm resistor and an L = 0.6 nanohenry inductor in series; when it is in the off state, it is equivalent to an L = 0.6 nanohenry inductor and a C = 0.15 picofarad capacitor in series. State 1 represents a frequency of 2.45 GHz, with the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 conducting, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' off. The black solid line represents the left-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern under State 1; the gray solid line represents the right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern under State 1. zIn the axial direction, the primary circular polarization radiation pattern is right-hand circular polarization. State 2 represents a frequency of 2.45 GHz, with the third diode 1 and the first diode 2 disconnected, and the fourth diode 1' and the second diode 2' conducting. The black dashed line represents the left-hand circular polarization radiation pattern under State 2; the gray dashed line represents the right-hand circular polarization radiation pattern under State 2. z In the axial direction, the main circular polarization radiation mode is left-handed circular polarization.

[0032] This shows that the simulation results are consistent with the actual physical processing and testing.

[0033] In summary, the polarization breathing flow antenna proposed in this invention achieves circular polarization reconfiguration characteristics by loading fan-ring patches with different inner and outer diameter ratios above a dielectric substrate 8, placing a first diode 2 and a second diode 2' at the slotted positions of the fan-ring patches, placing a third diode 1 and a fourth diode 1' at the connection between the first fan-ring patch 6 and the second fan-ring patch 7, and loading a forked dipole feed structure below the dielectric substrate 8. The forked dipole feed structure includes two main arms (first main arm 3, second main arm 3'), two side arms (first side arm 4, second side arm 4'), and four transverse arms (two first transverse arms 5, two second transverse arms 5'). Utilizing the controllable switching characteristics of different diodes, polarization switching and polarization breathing frequency control are achieved, enabling dynamic adjustment according to different communication environments and requirements, thus improving communication performance. This antenna, through electronic control, achieves dynamically changeable radiation characteristics of polarization state, possessing advantages such as continuously adjustable polarization, fast response speed, flexible structure, and wide applicability, making it suitable for multi-band, multi-functional, or adaptive communication scenarios.

[0034] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A polarized breathing flow antenna, characterized in that, include: Dielectric substrate, a non-uniform annular structure disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a forked dipole feeding structure disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate: The non-uniform ring structure has a geometric central axis and includes: a first and a second ring patch that are not overlapping and are spaced apart, which together form the non-uniform ring structure, and the inner and outer radii of the two ring patches are different; two slots are symmetrically formed on the second ring patch about the geometric central axis, and a first diode and a second diode are respectively connected in the two slots; a third diode and a fourth diode are respectively connected at the adjacent gaps of the two ring patches. The forked dipole feeding structure is symmetrical about the geometric central axis and includes two main arms, two side arms and four cross arms. The two main arms are symmetrically arranged, and the outer end of each main arm is connected to the middle of the corresponding side arm. The two ends of each side arm are connected to a corresponding cross arm, so that the whole structure is a symmetrical forked topology.

2. The polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are symmetrical about the geometric central axis, and the inner diameters of the first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are the same.

3. The polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameters of both the first sector ring patch and the second sector ring patch are greater than or equal to 0.14 times the antenna operating wavelength.

4. A polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius of the first sector ring patch is greater than or equal to 1:1.05, and the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius of the second sector ring patch is greater than or equal to 1:1.

15.

5. A polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the radial centerline of the slotted position of the second sector ring patch and the geometric centerline is 10°~80°.

6. A polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total length of the forked dipole feeding structure is 0.2 to 0.3 times the antenna operating wavelength; wherein: The length of the main arm is 0.05 to 0.08 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.03 to 0.06 times the antenna operating wavelength; The length of the side arm is 0.01 to 0.04 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.08 to 0.11 times the antenna operating wavelength; The length of the cross arm is 0.04 to 0.07 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the width is 0.01 to 0.03 times the antenna operating wavelength.

7. A polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center of the forked dipole feed structure coincides with the center of the first fan ring patch in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric substrate.

8. A polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate is F4B, which has a relative permittivity of 2.65 and a radius of 28 mm. The inner diameter of the first sector ring patch 6 is 20mm and the outer diameter is 21mm; The inner diameter of the second sector ring patch 7 is 20mm, the outer diameter is 23mm, and the central angle is 180°; The main arm is 8mm long and 5mm wide, the side arm is 12mm long and 3mm wide, and the cross arm is 6.5mm long and 2mm wide, and is symmetrical about the central axis of the semi-circular ring structure.

9. The polarization control method for the polarization breathing flow antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: A DC voltage is applied to the first, second, third, and fourth diodes to control each diode to switch between the on and off states, thereby changing the surface high-frequency current flow direction of the non-uniform ring structure and realizing the dynamic reconstruction of the polarization rotation direction of the far-field radiation field of the antenna.

10. The polarization control method for a polarized breathing flow antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that, Controlling the switching of each diode between the on and off states includes the following alternating control steps: S1: Output a first bias voltage to control the first diode and the third diode to conduct, and control the second diode and the fourth diode to disconnect; S2: Output a second bias voltage to control the first diode and the third diode to disconnect, and control the second diode and the fourth diode to conduct; The polarization breathing frequency of the polarization breathing flow antenna is controlled by setting the polarization switching rate between S1 and S2.

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