Energy management method and device for hydrogen production system

Abstract

The application discloses an energy management method and device of a hydrogen production system, relates to the technical field of green electricity hydrogen production and energy management, and can fully exert the dynamic response characteristics of super capacitors, lithium batteries and PEM electrolytic cells by decomposing and matching the net power imbalance to corresponding adjusting devices according to seconds, minutes and hours, thereby avoiding the interruption of adjustment caused by the abnormality of a single device and reducing the disturbance of frequent operation of the electrolytic cell to the hydrogen production working condition. Therefore, the system power balance can be stably maintained under various working conditions, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the system can be continuously and reliably operated under extreme working conditions through a unified backup strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of green electricity hydrogen production and energy management technology, and in particular to an energy management method and apparatus for a hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] With technological advancements, utilizing renewable energy to power electrolyzers for green hydrogen production has become a crucial pathway for industrial parks to achieve deep decarbonization. However, several key technological bottlenecks still exist in the current integration and operation of park-level green hydrogen production systems.

[0003] First, the operation and control of electrolyzers are mismatched with their inherent characteristics. Existing solutions often treat electrolyzers as ordinary adjustable loads, frequently changing loads or starting and stopping them under power fluctuations. This fails to fully consider their electrochemical reaction mechanisms and lifespan requirements, easily accelerating the aging of core components and reducing equipment lifespan and economic efficiency. Second, there is insufficient coordination between various types of energy storage and regulation resources. Although the park's microgrid is equipped with various energy storage devices to mitigate renewable energy fluctuations, the control strategy mostly adopts unified scheduling, failing to differentiate tasks based on equipment response characteristics. This makes it difficult to leverage the performance advantages of each device, resulting in low system regulation efficiency. Third, there is insufficient coordination between control objectives and production tasks. Existing strategies are mostly geared towards photovoltaic consumption, power balance, or grid interaction costs, with insufficient consideration for the rigid constraints of green hydrogen production. This easily leads to conflicts between regulation and hydrogen production targets, making it difficult to balance system stability and production efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an energy management solution for green electricity hydrogen production systems that takes into account equipment safety lifespan, resource synergy efficiency, and production task priority, in order to improve system reliability and economy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this application provides an energy management method and apparatus for a hydrogen production system, comprising the following: In a first aspect, this application provides an energy management method for a hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production system comprising a supercapacitor, a lithium battery, and a PEM electrolyzer, the method comprising: Collect the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system, including photovoltaic output power and load power consumption. Calculate the net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption. Wavelet packet decomposition is used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components. The second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuation. The second-level fluctuation component is allocated to the supercapacitor, the minute-level fluctuation component is allocated to the lithium battery, and the hour-level fluctuation component is allocated to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation. The system determines whether each level of regulation resource meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level of regulation resource for power regulation. The priority of the fluctuation components, from high to low, is hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. The power regulation conditions corresponding to each level of regulation resource are different. When the supercapacitor, lithium battery, and PEM electrolyzer all fail to meet the adjustment conditions, a unified backup strategy is activated.

[0006] Optionally, the net power imbalance calculated based on photovoltaic output power and load power consumption includes: Calculate the difference between the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption, and use the difference as the net power imbalance.

[0007] Optionally, wavelet packet decomposition can be used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components, including: Three-level wavelet packet decomposition of the net power imbalance is performed using wavelet basis functions to obtain sub-bands in the high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency bands; The sub-bands are merged according to their corresponding frequency band ranges to obtain second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components.

[0008] Optionally, it is possible to determine whether the power regulation conditions are met at each level of regulation resource. When the power regulation conditions are not met at the upper level of regulation resource, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level of regulation resource for power regulation, including: The system determines whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the power regulation of the PEM electrolyzer is prohibited. The system then determines whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If it does, the lithium battery will handle the hourly fluctuations and perform power regulation. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the system determines whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will handle the hourly fluctuations and perform power regulation. Determine whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, prohibit the lithium battery from performing power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the minute-level fluctuation components and perform power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the supercapacitor does not meet the power regulation conditions, the supercapacitor is prohibited from performing power regulation.

[0009] Optionally, determining whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions includes: Determine whether the system's real-time clock parameters are within the hydrogen production period defined by the daily hydrogen production plan, and obtain the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result; Determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the health constraints and obtain the health constraint determination result; Only when both the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result and the health constraint judgment result are yes, is it determined that the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0010] Optional health constraints include: The temperature difference between the anode and cathode of the membrane electrode in the PEM electrolyzer is less than the preset temperature threshold; the number of start-ups and shutdowns of the PEM electrolyzer per unit time is not greater than the preset number threshold; and the sum of the basic hydrogen production power and the hourly fluctuation component of the PEM electrolyzer is within the preset safe power range.

[0011] Optionally, determining whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions includes: The system determines whether the lithium battery's state of charge is within a preset range, whether the lithium battery temperature is within a preset range, and whether the lithium battery has no fault alarm signals. If all conditions are met, the lithium battery is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0012] Optionally, determining whether a supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions includes: Determine whether the supercapacitor terminal voltage is within the preset safe voltage range and whether the supercapacitor has no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals. If both conditions are met, the supercapacitor is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0013] Optionally, when the lithium battery is subjected to hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor is subjected to hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor is subjected to minute-level fluctuations, adjustment constraints are implemented according to preset power limits and preset duration limits.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an energy management device for a hydrogen production system, the device comprising: The parameter acquisition unit is used to collect the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system, including photovoltaic output power and load power consumption. The calculation unit is used to calculate the net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption. The computing unit is also used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components using wavelet packet decomposition. The second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuation. The distribution unit is used to distribute second-level fluctuation components to the supercapacitor, minute-level fluctuation components to the lithium battery, and hour-level fluctuation components to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation. The judgment unit is used to determine whether the corresponding power regulation conditions are met by the regulation resources at each level. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level regulation resource for power regulation. The priority of the fluctuation components is from high to low as hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. The power regulation conditions corresponding to each level regulation resource are different. The backup execution unit is used to activate a unified backup strategy when the supercapacitor, lithium battery and PEM electrolyzer do not meet the adjustment conditions.

[0015] Optionally, the calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the difference between the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption, and to use the difference as the net power imbalance.

[0016] Optionally, the computing unit is also specifically used to perform three-level wavelet packet decomposition on the net power imbalance using wavelet basis functions to obtain sub-bands of high frequency, mid frequency and low frequency bands; The sub-bands are merged according to their corresponding frequency band ranges to obtain second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components.

[0017] Optionally, the judgment unit is specifically used to determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the PEM electrolyzer is prohibited from performing power regulation. The unit also determines whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If it does, the lithium battery will take over the hourly fluctuation component and perform power regulation. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the unit determines whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the hourly fluctuation component and perform power regulation. Determine whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, prohibit the lithium battery from performing power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the minute-level fluctuation components and perform power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the supercapacitor does not meet the power regulation conditions, the supercapacitor is prohibited from performing power regulation.

[0018] Optionally, the judgment unit determines whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power adjustment conditions, including: Determine whether the system's real-time clock parameters are within the hydrogen production period defined by the daily hydrogen production plan, and obtain the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result; Determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the health constraints and obtain the health constraint determination result; Only when both the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result and the health constraint judgment result are yes, is it determined that the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0019] Optional health constraints include: The temperature difference between the anode and cathode of the membrane electrode in the PEM electrolyzer is less than the preset temperature threshold; the number of start-ups and shutdowns of the PEM electrolyzer per unit time is not greater than the preset number threshold; and the sum of the basic hydrogen production power and the hourly fluctuation component of the PEM electrolyzer is within the preset safe power range.

[0020] Optionally, the determination unit may determine whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions, including: The system determines whether the lithium battery's state of charge is within a preset range, whether the lithium battery temperature is within a preset range, and whether the lithium battery has no fault alarm signals. If all conditions are met, the lithium battery is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0021] Optionally, the determination unit may determine whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions, including: Determine whether the supercapacitor terminal voltage is within the preset safe voltage range and whether the supercapacitor has no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals. If both conditions are met, the supercapacitor is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0022] Optionally, when the lithium battery is subjected to hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor is subjected to hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor is subjected to minute-level fluctuations, adjustment constraints are implemented according to preset power limits and preset duration limits.

[0023] Thirdly, this application provides an apparatus comprising a memory and a processor, the memory for storing instructions or code, and the processor for executing the instructions or code to cause the apparatus to perform the energy management method of the hydrogen production system described in any implementation of the first aspect.

[0024] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing code, wherein when the code is executed, the device executing the code implements the energy management method of the hydrogen production system described in any of the implementations of the first aspect.

[0025] This application provides an energy management method for a hydrogen production system. In executing the method, the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system are first collected, including photovoltaic output power and load consumption power. Then, the net power imbalance is calculated based on the photovoltaic output power and load consumption power. Next, wavelet packet decomposition is used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components. These second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuations. Finally, the second-level fluctuation components are allocated to the supercapacitor, the minute-level fluctuation components to the lithium battery, and the hour-level fluctuation components to the PEM electrolyzer for power regulation. The system judges whether each level of regulation resource meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level of regulation resource for power regulation. When the supercapacitor, lithium battery, and PEM electrolyzer all fail to meet the regulation conditions, a unified backup strategy is activated.

[0026] In this way, by decomposing the net power imbalance at multiple scales (seconds, minutes, and hours) and matching it to the corresponding regulating equipment, the dynamic response characteristics of supercapacitors, lithium batteries, and PEM electrolyzers can be fully utilized. Combined with a tiered availability assessment and a staggered support mechanism, regulation interruptions caused by single-equipment malfunctions are avoided, while minimizing the disturbance to hydrogen production caused by frequent electrolyzer operations. This allows for stable maintenance of system power balance under various operating conditions, improving energy utilization efficiency, and ensuring continuous and reliable system operation under extreme conditions through a unified backup strategy. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiment or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 An overall architecture diagram of a hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A main circuit topology diagram of a campus energy router provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating an energy management method for a hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 A multi-timescale collaborative control flowchart is provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 5 A logic diagram for judging the health status of an electrolytic cell as provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy management device for a hydrogen production system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0031] Figure 1 An overall architecture diagram of a hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the core of the system consists of a park energy router, an edge collaborative controller, and various types of regulation resources (photovoltaic arrays, mains power, supercapacitor energy storage system, lithium battery energy storage system, and PEM electrolyzer). The photovoltaic array and mains power provide the main energy input for the system, supporting hydrogen production and park load operation. The park energy router, as the core of the system's power dispatch, realizes the aggregation, distribution, and dynamic adjustment of multi-source power, directly connecting the supercapacitor energy storage system, lithium battery energy storage system, and PEM electrolyzer, undertaking the power dispatch and interaction functions of each regulation resource. The edge collaborative controller, as the control center of the system, establishes bidirectional communication with the park energy router and PEM electrolyzer, carrying out core functions such as system operating parameter acquisition, regulation logic calculation, equipment status monitoring, and control command issuance. It also stores production constraint information such as daily hydrogen production plans, providing control support for the stable and efficient operation of the system. The supercapacitor energy storage system, lithium battery energy storage system, and PEM electrolyzer, as three types of regulation resources with different response characteristics, are adapted to power fluctuation regulation needs at different time scales and are the core execution units for performing power regulation and completing hydrogen production.

[0032] Figure 2The figure shows a main circuit topology diagram of a campus energy router provided in this application embodiment. This topology uses a ±375V DC bus as its core hub. Each port interacts with the bus via a dedicated converter: the AC power port is connected to the DC bus via a rectifier-inverter, enabling bidirectional power flow between the AC power and the DC bus, providing backup power support for the system; the photovoltaic port is connected to the DC bus via an MPPT module, maximizing the acquisition and stabilizing the input of photovoltaic output power; the supercapacitor port is connected to the DC bus via a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter, adapting to the high dynamic response and high power density characteristics of supercapacitors, enabling rapid response to high-frequency power fluctuations; the lithium battery port is connected to the DC bus via a bidirectional DAB converter, adapting to the medium-power, medium-response operating characteristics of lithium batteries, undertaking the task of regulating medium-frequency power fluctuations; the PEM electrolyzer is directly connected to the ±375V DC bus, providing a stable DC input to the electrolyzer and ensuring continuous operation of hydrogen production. This topology provides a reliable hardware foundation for control logic such as multi-timescale power regulation and staggered switching by matching the characteristics of different converters.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating an energy management method for a hydrogen production system provided in an embodiment of this application. (In conjunction with...) Figure 3 As shown, the energy management method for a hydrogen production system provided in this application embodiment may include: S301. Collect the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system.

[0034] The hydrogen production system in this embodiment includes a ±375V (i.e., 750Vdc) DC bus, which directly connects to photovoltaic power generation units, uninterruptible loads, supercapacitors, lithium batteries, and PEM electrolyzers. The supercapacitors are connected to the DC bus via bidirectional Buck-Boost converters, the lithium batteries are connected to the DC bus via DAB isolation converters, and the PEM electrolyzers have a built-in DC / DC power regulation module for power regulation. The edge collaborative controller collects the following key signals of the hydrogen production system in real time at a sampling rate of 1Hz, specifically including: Photovoltaic output power Power consumption of the load DC bus voltage ,in Supercapacitor terminal voltage Lithium battery state of charge PEM electrolytic cell membrane electrode anode / cathode temperature , The system's real-time clock t; daily hydrogen production plan, which is implemented through a function This means that when the function value is 1, it indicates that the current time period is a permitted hydrogen production period (e.g., 9:00-17:00 daily), and the system can carry out hydrogen production operations normally during this time; when the function value is 0, it indicates that hydrogen production is not permitted during the current time period, and the system suspends hydrogen production-related operations.

[0035] S302. Calculate the net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption.

[0036] The difference between the photovoltaic output power and the load consumption power is calculated, and this difference is taken as the net power imbalance. The calculation formula is as follows: ; This formula is used to intuitively reflect the real-time power surplus or deficit status of the system, providing a basis for subsequent multi-timescale fluctuation decomposition and power regulation.

[0037] S303. Wavelet packet decomposition is used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components.

[0038] The second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components do not refer to absolute time lengths, but rather to the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuations. In engineering practice, the faster the change in a disturbance, the more concentrated its spectral energy is in the high-frequency band, and vice versa. Therefore, frequency band division can effectively characterize the dynamic characteristics at different time scales. This signal exhibits typical non-stationary, multi-scale, and wideband characteristics: High frequency band (0.1–1 Hz): caused by rapid cloud cover or high-power load switching, manifested as short-duration high-amplitude pulses; Mid-frequency band (0.01–0.1 Hz): Originates from slow changes in solar radiation intensity or production shift changes, lasting from tens of seconds to several minutes; Low frequency band (<0.01 Hz): reflects the overall trend of photovoltaic power output during the day, showing a slow upward / downward trend.

[0039] Traditional low-pass filtering or empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods are insufficient to effectively isolate the three types of components, potentially leading to lithium batteries being forced to withstand rapid fluctuations on the order of seconds, thus accelerating aging, or the electrolyzer being used for instantaneous power regulation, causing thermal stress damage to the membrane electrode. Therefore, this application employs wavelet packet decomposition, which possesses high frequency resolution and good time-frequency localization capabilities, to achieve multi-timescale decoupling. In this embodiment, wavelet packet decomposition is used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components. This includes: performing three-level wavelet packet decomposition on the net power imbalance using wavelet basis functions to obtain sub-bands in the high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency ranges; and merging these sub-bands according to their corresponding frequency ranges to obtain second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components.

[0040] The following describes the specific process of using wavelet packet decomposition to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components in the embodiments of this application: In a preferred embodiment, the Daubechies4 (db4) wavelet basis is used to perform three-level wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) on ΔP(t). The reason for choosing the db4 wavelet basis is that it has a fourth-order vanishing moment and a tight support length of 8, which can effectively capture the edge of power change and has good regularity, making it suitable for real-time implementation in engineering.

[0041] Let the discrete sampling sequence be x[n]=ΔP(nTs), with a sampling period Ts=1s, satisfying Nyquist's theorem (the highest analyzable frequency is 0.5Hz > the upper limit of 1Hz perturbation). Wavelet packet decomposition is achieved through recursive filtering: The decomposition formula for the j-th level is: ; ; Where h[·] and g[·] are the coefficients of the db4 low-pass and high-pass filters, respectively, and , , These are the approximate coefficients (low-frequency subband coefficients) for the (j+1)th layer. Let be the detail coefficients (high-frequency subband coefficients) of the (j+1)th layer, n be the discrete sampling point index of the signal in the j-th layer, and k be the discrete sampling point index of the signal in the (j+1)th layer. Since wavelet decomposition involves a 2x downsampling operation, the number of sampling points in the (j+1)th layer is half that of the j-th layer. After 3 layers of decomposition, 2... 3 =8 equal-bandwidth sub-bands, each with a bandwidth of Based on the physical meaning of microgrid fluctuations, three types of target components are formed by artificially merging subbands, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0042] Table 1. Comparison Table of Multi-Timescale Subband Merging

[0043] in This represents the inverse wavelet packet transform, and the merging strategy ensures that: High-frequency noise does not contaminate low-frequency dispatch commands; The electrolytic cell only receives slowly changing power superposition signals to avoid frequent ramp-up. The energy components are orthogonal: .

[0044] in The hourly fluctuation component is obtained by wavelet packet decomposition. The minute-level fluctuation component is obtained by wavelet packet decomposition; The second-level fluctuation component is obtained by wavelet packet decomposition.

[0045] S304. Distribute the second-level fluctuation component to the supercapacitor, the minute-level fluctuation component to the lithium battery, and the hour-level fluctuation component to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation.

[0046] Figure 4 This document provides a flowchart of a multi-timescale collaborative control system as an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the three decomposed signals are sent to the corresponding resource allocation modules. The second-level fluctuation component corresponds to the supercapacitor allocation path, the minute-level fluctuation component corresponds to the lithium battery allocation path, and the hour-level fluctuation component corresponds to the PEM electrolyzer allocation path. Only the hour-level path is equipped with dual gating of daily hydrogen production plan constraints and health constraints. In accordance with the core control principle of prioritizing hydrogen production tasks and controlling equipment safety, it is ensured that the electrolyzer only performs power adjustment during the permitted hydrogen production period and when the health requirements are met. This avoids interference with hydrogen production tasks during unplanned periods and prevents equipment damage caused by abnormal operating conditions.

[0047] S305. Determine whether the corresponding power regulation conditions are met by the regulation resources at each level. If the upper-level regulation resources do not meet the power regulation conditions, transfer the corresponding fluctuation component to the next-level regulation resources for power regulation.

[0048] In this step, the priority of the fluctuation components, from high to low, is as follows: hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. Hourly fluctuation components are preferentially regulated by the PEM electrolyzer, minute-level fluctuation components are preferentially regulated by the lithium battery, and second-level fluctuation components are preferentially regulated by the supercapacitor. When the regulation resources corresponding to high-priority components do not meet the regulation conditions, the regulation resources corresponding to low-priority components can continue to take over, so that the power regulation process can be continuously executed.

[0049] The power regulation conditions are different for each level, combined with Figure 4 The multi-timescale collaborative control process shown below includes the following specific judgment and handover logic: The system determines whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the daily hydrogen production plan constraints and health constraints. If the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the daily hydrogen production plan constraints or health constraints, the PEM electrolyzer is prohibited from performing power regulation. The system then determines whether the lithium battery meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the lithium battery will absorb the hourly fluctuation components and perform power regulation. If the lithium battery does not meet the power regulation conditions, the system determines whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will absorb the hourly fluctuation components and perform power regulation. Determine whether the lithium battery meets the power regulation conditions. If the lithium battery does not meet the power regulation conditions, prohibit the lithium battery from performing power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the minute-level fluctuation components and perform power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If the supercapacitor does not meet the power regulation conditions, the supercapacitor is prohibited from performing power regulation.

[0050] The criteria for determining whether a PEM electrolyzer meets the daily hydrogen production plan constraints and health constraints include: Determine whether the system's real-time clock parameters are within the hydrogen production period defined by the daily hydrogen production plan, and obtain the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result; The health constraint of the PEM electrolyzer is determined by analyzing whether it meets the health constraint assessment results. The PEM electrolyzer is deemed to meet both the daily hydrogen production plan constraint assessment result and the health constraint assessment result only if both are "yes". The health constraints include: the difference between the anode and cathode temperatures of the PEM electrolyzer is less than a preset temperature threshold; the number of start-ups and shutdowns of the PEM electrolyzer per unit time does not exceed a preset number threshold; and the sum of the basic hydrogen production power and the hourly fluctuation component of the PEM electrolyzer is within a preset safe power range.

[0051] Figure 5 This application provides a logic diagram for judging the health status of an electrolyzer. When the PEM electrolyzer meets the daily hydrogen production plan constraint, it is necessary to further judge whether the health status constraint is met, that is, only when... At that time, activate the health security lock.

[0052] Define the security lock function }, if and only if all of the following conditions are true. :

[0053] in Based on the basic hydrogen production capacity (converted from the planned total hydrogen production for the day). This is a sliding window counter.

[0054] Only when 1 and At that time, the electrolytic cell receives the superposition command: ; And converts it to a current command via an internal DC / DC converter: .

[0055] If any condition is not met, then locking occurs. The system will either maintain the current operating status or shut down as planned. Hourly power fluctuations not handled by the electrolytic cells will be temporarily handled by the next level of resources (lithium batteries). Ultimately, if all energy storage resources are unable to adjust, a unified backup strategy will be implemented.

[0056] Determining whether a lithium battery meets the power regulation conditions includes: checking whether the lithium battery's state of charge is within a preset state of charge range, whether the lithium battery's temperature is within a preset temperature range, and whether the lithium battery has no fault alarm signals. If all conditions are met, the lithium battery is considered to meet the power regulation conditions.

[0057] Lithium-ion batteries, due to their high energy density (>150 Wh / kg) and high efficiency (>95%), are suitable for handling minute-level energy offsets. Before issuing power commands, their state of charge (SOC) must be verified. With temperature Does it meet the following requirements: ; ; Furthermore, the Battery Management System (BMS) emits no alarm signals. If all conditions are met, a minute-level adjustment command is executed: ; Otherwise, the regulation is locked to maintain the current power output, and... The process is then switched to a backup strategy. This is executed via the DAB converter, utilizing soft-switching technology to reduce losses.

[0058] Determining whether a supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions includes: checking whether the supercapacitor's terminal voltage is within the preset safe voltage range and whether the supercapacitor has no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals. If both conditions are met, the supercapacitor is considered to meet the power regulation conditions. When the lithium battery experiences hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor experiences hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor experiences minute-level fluctuations, regulation constraints are executed according to preset power limits and preset duration limits.

[0059] Although supercapacitors and lithium batteries are not involved in the priority assessment of hydrogen production tasks, their power response still needs to meet their own operational safety boundaries to avoid overcharging, over-discharging, or thermal runaway. Supercapacitors, due to their high power density (>10 kW / kg), fast response (ms-level), and long cycle life (>500,000 cycles), are specifically designed for absorbing / releasing second-level pulses. Before issuing current commands, their terminal voltage must be verified in real time. Is it within the allowed range? (Typical values: [100 V, 350 V]). If the following conditions are met: ; If the BMS shows no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals, then a second-level adjustment command will be executed. ; Closed-loop tracking via Buck-Boost circuit ensures that bus voltage fluctuations are suppressed to within ±2%.

[0060] Otherwise, the lockout adjustment will be maintained, keeping the current charge / discharge state intact, and... Switch to backup strategy processing.

[0061] Thus, based on the wavelet packet decomposition results of the power deficit, for the decomposition produced , and PEM electrolyzer regulation, lithium battery regulation, and supercapacitor regulation are employed respectively. When a higher-level resource fails to operate, its corresponding component can be temporarily taken over by a lower-level resource, while power limits and duration constraints are applied to prevent equipment overload. This forms the staggered regulation mechanism of this application: when the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the daily hydrogen production plan or health constraints, the lithium battery takes over regulation; when the lithium battery does not meet the state of charge or temperature constraints, the supercapacitor takes over regulation. This mechanism fully matches the dynamic characteristics of different regulation devices and can effectively improve the overall utilization rate of system regulation resources.

[0062] S306. When the supercapacitor, lithium battery and PEM electrolyzer do not meet the adjustment conditions, a unified backup strategy is activated.

[0063] When all regulation resources are limited and power regulation cannot be performed, the system activates a unified backup strategy and grid-connected coordination mechanism: If ΔP(t)>0, meaning the system has a power surplus, the excess power will be fed back to the grid, provided that the power fed back from the grid connection point does not exceed the limit. If ΔP(t)<0, meaning the system has a power deficit, the grid-connected rectifier and inverter will be activated to supplement the power gap from the upstream grid, ensuring continuous power supply to uninterrupted loads.

[0064] This backup strategy ensures stable system operation under extreme conditions while minimizing interference with the primary hydrogen production task, reflecting the overall control principle of prioritizing operational safety, focusing on hydrogen production, and using power regulation as a secondary measure.

[0065] The above are some specific implementations of a hydrogen system energy management method provided in the embodiments of this application. Based on this, this application also provides a corresponding device. The device provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below from the perspective of functional modularity.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy management device for a hydrogen production system provided in an embodiment of this application. (Combined with...) Figure 6 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the energy management device 600 for a hydrogen production system includes: The parameter acquisition unit 610 is used to acquire the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system, including photovoltaic output power and load consumption power. Calculation unit 620 is used to calculate the net power imbalance based on photovoltaic output power and load power consumption; The computing unit 620 is also used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components and hour-level fluctuation components using wavelet packet decomposition. The second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuation. Distribution unit 630 is used to distribute second-level fluctuation components to the supercapacitor, minute-level fluctuation components to the lithium battery, and hour-level fluctuation components to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation. The judgment unit 640 is used to judge whether the regulation resources at each level meet the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level regulation resource for power regulation. The priority of the fluctuation components is from high to low as hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. The power regulation conditions corresponding to each level regulation resource are different. The backup execution unit 650 is used to activate a unified backup strategy when the supercapacitor, lithium battery and PEM electrolyzer do not meet the adjustment conditions.

[0067] In one implementation of this application, the calculation unit is specifically used to calculate the difference between the photovoltaic output power and the load consumption power, and use the difference as the net power imbalance.

[0068] In one implementation of this application, the computing unit is further specifically used to perform three-level wavelet packet decomposition on the net power imbalance using wavelet basis functions to obtain sub-bands of high frequency, mid frequency and low frequency bands; The sub-bands are merged according to their corresponding frequency band ranges to obtain second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components.

[0069] In one implementation of this application embodiment, the determining unit is specifically used to determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the PEM electrolyzer is prohibited from performing power regulation. The unit also determines whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If it does, the lithium battery takes over the hourly fluctuation component and performs power regulation. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the unit determines whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor takes over the hourly fluctuation component and performs power regulation. Determine whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, prohibit the lithium battery from performing power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the minute-level fluctuation components and perform power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the supercapacitor does not meet the power regulation conditions, the supercapacitor is prohibited from performing power regulation.

[0070] In one implementation of this application embodiment, the determination unit determines whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power adjustment conditions, including: Determine whether the system's real-time clock parameters are within the hydrogen production period defined by the daily hydrogen production plan, and obtain the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result; Determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the health constraints and obtain the health constraint determination result; Only when both the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result and the health constraint judgment result are yes, is it determined that the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0071] In one implementation of this application, the health constraint includes: The temperature difference between the anode and cathode of the membrane electrode in the PEM electrolyzer is less than the preset temperature threshold; the number of start-ups and shutdowns of the PEM electrolyzer per unit time is not greater than the preset number threshold; and the sum of the basic hydrogen production power and the hourly fluctuation component of the PEM electrolyzer is within the preset safe power range.

[0072] In one implementation of this application embodiment, the determination unit determines whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions, including: The system determines whether the lithium battery's state of charge is within a preset range, whether the lithium battery temperature is within a preset range, and whether the lithium battery has no fault alarm signals. If all conditions are met, the lithium battery is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0073] In one implementation of this application embodiment, the determination unit determines whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation condition by: Determine whether the supercapacitor terminal voltage is within the preset safe voltage range and whether the supercapacitor has no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals. If both conditions are met, the supercapacitor is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

[0074] In one implementation of this application, when the lithium battery receives hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor receives hourly fluctuations, or the supercapacitor receives minute-level fluctuations, adjustment constraints are executed according to preset power limits and preset duration limits.

[0075] This application also provides corresponding devices and computer storage media for implementing the solutions provided in this application.

[0076] The device includes a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store instructions or code, and the processor is used to execute the instructions or code to cause the device to perform the method of any embodiment of this application.

[0077] The computer storage medium stores code, and when the code is run, the device running the code implements the method of any embodiment of this application.

[0078] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a general-purpose hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as a read-only memory (ROM) / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network communication device such as a router) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this application.

[0079] It is understood that in the specific embodiments of this application, the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved need to obtain user permission or consent when the above embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, and the collection, use and processing of related data need to comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of relevant countries and regions.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0081] It should also be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device and apparatus embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments. The device and apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components indicated as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0082] The above description is merely one specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An energy management method for a hydrogen production system, characterized in that, The hydrogen production system includes a supercapacitor, a lithium battery, and a PEM electrolyzer; the method includes: Collect operating parameters of the hydrogen production system, including photovoltaic output power and load power consumption. Calculate the net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load consumption power. The net power imbalance is decomposed into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components using wavelet packet decomposition. The second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuation. The second-level fluctuation component is allocated to the supercapacitor, the minute-level fluctuation component is allocated to the lithium battery, and the hour-level fluctuation component is allocated to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation; The system determines whether each level of regulation resource meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next level of regulation resource for power regulation. The priority of the fluctuation components, from high to low, is hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. The power regulation conditions corresponding to each level of regulation resource are different. When the supercapacitor, the lithium battery, and the PEM electrolyzer all fail to meet the adjustment conditions, a unified backup strategy is activated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load consumption power includes: Calculate the difference between the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption, and use the difference as the net power imbalance.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of decomposing the net power imbalance into second-level, minute-level, and hour-level fluctuation components using wavelet packet decomposition includes: The net power imbalance is decomposed into three-level wavelet packet decomposition using wavelet basis functions to obtain sub-bands of high frequency, mid frequency and low frequency bands; The sub-bands are merged according to their corresponding frequency band ranges to obtain the second-level fluctuation component, the minute-level fluctuation component, and the hour-level fluctuation component.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether each level of regulation resource meets the power regulation conditions, and transferring the corresponding fluctuation component to the next level of regulation resource for power regulation when the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, includes: The system determines whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the PEM electrolyzer does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the power regulation of the PEM electrolyzer is prohibited. The system then determines whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If it does, the lithium battery takes over the hourly fluctuation component and performs power regulation. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, the system determines whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor takes over the hourly fluctuation component and performs power regulation. Determine whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the lithium battery does not meet the corresponding power regulation conditions, prohibit the lithium battery from performing power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the power regulation conditions. If it does, the supercapacitor will take over the minute-level fluctuation component and perform power regulation. Determine whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions. If the supercapacitor does not meet the power regulation conditions, the supercapacitor is prohibited from performing power regulation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power adjustment conditions includes: Determine whether the system's real-time clock parameters are within the hydrogen production period defined by the daily hydrogen production plan, and obtain the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result; Determine whether the PEM electrolyzer meets the health constraints and obtain the health constraint determination result; Only when both the daily hydrogen production plan constraint judgment result and the health constraint judgment result are yes, is it determined that the PEM electrolyzer meets the corresponding power regulation conditions.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The health constraints include: The temperature difference between the anode and cathode of the membrane electrode in the PEM electrolyzer is less than the preset temperature threshold. The number of times the PEM electrolyzer is started and stopped per unit time does not exceed a preset threshold. The sum of the base hydrogen production power of the PEM electrolyzer and the hourly fluctuation component is within a preset safe power range.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of whether the lithium battery meets the corresponding power regulation conditions includes: The system determines whether the lithium battery's state of charge is within a preset state of charge range, whether the lithium battery's temperature is within a preset temperature range, and whether the lithium battery has no fault alarm signals. If all conditions are met, the lithium battery is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of whether the supercapacitor meets the corresponding power regulation conditions includes: Determine whether the voltage at the terminal of the supercapacitor is within the preset safe voltage range and whether the supercapacitor has no overcurrent or overtemperature fault signals. If both conditions are met, the supercapacitor is considered to meet the corresponding power regulation conditions.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that, When the lithium battery receives the hourly fluctuation component, or the supercapacitor receives the hourly fluctuation component, or the supercapacitor receives the minute-level fluctuation component, adjustment constraints are executed according to preset power limits and preset duration limits.

10. An energy management device for a hydrogen production system, characterized in that, The device includes: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the operating parameters of the hydrogen production system, including photovoltaic output power and load consumption power. A calculation unit is used to calculate the net power imbalance based on the photovoltaic output power and the load power consumption. The computing unit is also used to decompose the net power imbalance into second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components and hour-level fluctuation components using wavelet packet decomposition, wherein the second-level fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components and hour-level fluctuation components represent the frequency band range corresponding to the dominant rate of change of power fluctuation. The distribution unit is used to distribute the second-level fluctuation component to the supercapacitor, the minute-level fluctuation component to the lithium battery, and the hour-level fluctuation component to the PEM electrolyzer to perform power regulation. The judgment unit is used to determine whether the corresponding power regulation conditions are met by the regulation resources at each level. When the upper-level regulation resource does not meet the power regulation conditions, the corresponding fluctuation component is transferred to the next-level regulation resource for power regulation. The priority of the fluctuation components is from high to low as hourly fluctuation components, minute-level fluctuation components, and second-level fluctuation components. The power regulation conditions corresponding to the regulation resources at each level are different. The backup execution unit is used to activate a unified backup strategy when the supercapacitor, the lithium battery, and the PEM electrolyzer all fail to meet the adjustment conditions.

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