Microgrid control method and architecture based on decentralized decision mechanism

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a microgrid control method and architecture based on a decentralized decision mechanism, the method comprising: constructing a microgrid networking system, which is a system supporting point-to-point communication formed after a plurality of nodes in the microgrid are networked, the plurality of nodes comprising: a load node, an energy storage node, and a photovoltaic node; during operation of the microgrid, node state sampling information is synchronized to other nodes based on point-to-point communication between the plurality of nodes; the energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on its own operating state and the synchronized information from other nodes to obtain charging and discharging control information; the photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on its own operating state and the synchronized information from other nodes to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; wherein the comprehensive decision result corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meets the microgrid operation index requirements. The response timeliness and stability of the microgrid in response to various types of load high-speed changes can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the fields of new energy and power supply control technology, and in particular to a microgrid control method and architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of energy transition, more and more microgrids composed of renewable energy and electronic power equipment are beginning to operate and supply power, or are being integrated into the traditional power grid to provide voltage and frequency support. Whether operating independently as an islanded grid or integrated into the traditional power grid, microgrids need to ensure power supply stability. Grid-based electronic power equipment transforms devices employing power electronics technology, such as energy storage, static var generators (SVG), wind turbines, and photovoltaics, into power sources capable of actively responding to and supporting grid voltage, frequency, and other parameters. They function similarly to synchronous generators, actively supporting the dynamic stability of the power grid during faults and in steady-state conditions, thereby promoting the consumption of renewable energy.

[0003] In realizing the concept disclosed herein, the inventors discovered at least the following technical problems in the related technologies: When a microgrid operates independently as an isolated grid or is connected to an external power grid, it has a lengthy control link and a large time delay. In the face of scenarios with large and rapidly changing load fluctuations, it has the defect of poor real-time response. For example, data acquisition is bottom-up, and command execution is top-down. After the devices in the microgrid collect data, they all report to the microgrid controller. The microgrid controller parses each reported message, makes a unified decision and processes it to obtain control commands and transmit them to each device. During this process, a lengthy reporting link is required. When a device experiences large fluctuations in power supply demand, the required timely response cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address, or at least partially address, the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this disclosure provide a microgrid control method and architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism.

[0005] Firstly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism. The method includes: constructing a microgrid networking system, which is a system supporting point-to-point communication composed of multiple nodes networked within the microgrid, including load nodes, energy storage nodes, and photovoltaic nodes; during microgrid operation, the multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication; the energy storage nodes make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and the information synchronized with other nodes, obtaining charging and discharging control information; the photovoltaic nodes make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and the information synchronized with other nodes, obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information; wherein the comprehensive decision result corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0006] In some embodiments, the microgrid networking system described above communicates data based on a two-layer network structure, which includes a physical layer and a network link layer; information is transmitted between the nodes based on the SV protocol and a publish-subscribe mechanism.

[0007] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication, including at least one of the following: load nodes synchronize load status sampling information to energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes based on point-to-point communication; energy storage nodes synchronize energy storage status sampling information to photovoltaic nodes based on point-to-point communication; multiple energy storage nodes synchronize their respective energy storage status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; photovoltaic nodes synchronize power generation status sampling information to energy storage nodes based on point-to-point communication; and multiple photovoltaic nodes synchronize their respective power generation status sampling information based on point-to-point communication.

[0008] In some embodiments, the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes are pre-configured with corresponding decision priorities, which indicate the order in which these two types of nodes make decisions. If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are equal, the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes can make decisions in parallel and ensure decision consistency through decision information exchange; the decision consistency indicates that the overall decision result after the parallel decision-making of the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes meets the microgrid operation index requirements. If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are not equal, the node with the higher decision priority makes a decision first, and the node with the lower decision priority continues to make decisions based on the decision result obtained by the node with the higher decision priority to ensure decision consistency.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of energy storage nodes is one or more, and the one or more energy storage nodes are pre-configured with corresponding first control priorities. These first control priorities indicate the priority order in which the one or more energy storage nodes perform control operations. During microgrid operation, a target energy storage node is elected from among the one or more energy storage nodes for decision-making. The target energy storage node makes charge / discharge management decisions based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes. The executing energy storage node and corresponding first execution information are determined within the first group according to the first control priority. The number of photovoltaic nodes is one or more, and the one or more photovoltaic nodes are pre-configured with corresponding second control priorities. These second control priorities indicate the priority order in which the one or more photovoltaic nodes perform control operations. During microgrid operation, a target photovoltaic node is elected from among the one or more photovoltaic nodes for decision-making. The target photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on a second energy pool of a second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes. The executing photovoltaic node and corresponding second execution information are determined within the second group according to the second control priority.

[0010] In some embodiments, the target energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on a first energy pool of a first group of one or more energy storage nodes, including: obtaining microgrid operation index requirements; setting operation control parameters corresponding to one or more energy storage nodes according to the microgrid operation index requirements; determining whether to adjust the operation status of energy storage nodes in the first group based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by load nodes, and obtaining charging and discharging control information; including: responding to the load status sampling information of load nodes indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, making a decision to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power of energy storage nodes in the first group based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, and obtaining charging and discharging control information; and adjusting the operation control parameters of the executing energy storage node used to execute the decision based on the charging and discharging control information.

[0011] In some embodiments, based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, a decision is made to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group to obtain charging and discharging control information. This includes: if the power change value is within the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, a decision is made to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group based on the sign of the power change rate and the magnitude of the power change value to obtain first charging and discharging control information. This includes: determining the control direction and control amount based on the power change value and the power change rate; and determining the execution energy storage node for executing the decision and the corresponding first execution information based on the control direction, the control amount, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool. If the power change exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the energy storage nodes in the first group are adjusted to increase or decrease their charging and discharging power based on the sign of the power change rate and the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, resulting in second charging and discharging control information. This includes: determining the control direction and control amount based on the power change value and power change rate; determining the decision control amount to be satisfied when the controllable adjustment range reaches its limit, the execution energy storage node for executing the decision, and the corresponding second execution information based on the control direction, the control amount, the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool; and sending a collaborative adjustment request message to the photovoltaic nodes based on point-to-point communication. The collaborative adjustment request message is used to instruct the photovoltaic nodes to collaboratively manage energy adjustment.

[0012] In some embodiments, the target photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on a second energy pool of a second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes, including: obtaining microgrid operation index requirements; setting operation control parameters corresponding to one or more photovoltaic nodes according to the microgrid operation index requirements; determining whether the operation status of photovoltaic nodes in the second group needs to be adjusted based on the load status sampling information synchronized by the load nodes received, thereby obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information; and adjusting the operation control parameters of the executing photovoltaic node used to execute the decision according to the photovoltaic power generation control information.

[0013] In some embodiments, based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by the load nodes, it is determined whether the operating status of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group needs to be adjusted, thereby obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information, including:

[0014] In response to the load status sampling information of the load node indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold and one of the following occurs: a coordinated adjustment request message is received from the energy storage node, or energy storage status sampling information synchronized from the energy storage node is received, and the amount of adjustment to be compensated for in the coordinated processing is determined; based on the amount of adjustment to be compensated and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, the power generation of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; or,

[0015] In response to the load status sampling information of the load node indicating that the power change rate exceeds the set threshold, the power generation power of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted according to the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, the preset allocation setting information, and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; wherein the above-mentioned allocation setting information is used to indicate the preset ratio of the load fluctuation amount shared by the target energy storage node and the target photovoltaic node with equal decision priority.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the amount to be compensated exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the second energy pool, an unmet shortfall compensation amount is determined; based on the shortfall compensation amount and the node priority or demand priority corresponding to the load node, a target load node for shutdown corresponding to the shortfall compensation amount is determined.

[0017] In some embodiments, the microgrid is in one of the following modes: islanded mode or grid-connected mode. In islanded mode, the microgrid operation indicators refer to the internal operation indicators of the microgrid; in grid-connected mode, the microgrid is connected to an external power grid, and the microgrid operation indicators refer to the external power grid's requirements for the connected microgrid. In grid-connected mode, the plurality of nodes further includes a microgrid controller, used to receive the external power grid's requirements for the connected microgrid and synchronize these requirements as microgrid operation indicators to the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes in the microgrid network system. The microgrid is connected to the external power grid based on a grid connection point merging unit.

[0018] In some embodiments, based on the historical operating data of load nodes, load nodes whose short-term fluctuations exceed a preset amplitude are identified as critical load nodes; for the aforementioned critical load nodes, the sampling frequency reaches 80-256 sampling points per cycle to obtain the corresponding node status sampling information.

[0019] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism. The architecture includes a microgrid networking system, which is a system supporting point-to-point communication formed by multiple nodes networked within the microgrid. These multiple nodes include load nodes, energy storage nodes, and photovoltaic nodes. During microgrid operation, these multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication. The energy storage nodes make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and the information synchronized with other nodes, obtaining charging and discharging control information. The photovoltaic nodes make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and the information synchronized with other nodes, obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information. The comprehensive decision result corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0020] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this disclosure have at least some or all of the following advantages:

[0021] By constructing a microgrid network system, multiple nodes in the microgrid support point-to-point communication. During microgrid operation, nodes can synchronize status sampling information. Simultaneously, energy storage nodes can make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, while photovoltaic nodes can make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes. This ensures that the comprehensive decision-making results corresponding to the aforementioned charging and discharging control information and photovoltaic power generation control information meet the microgrid operation index requirements. The decentralized distributed decision-making method and point-to-point communication links simplify communication links and reduce latency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for all nodes to report status sampling information to the microgrid controller for unified decision-making, which helps improve response efficiency and enhances the timeliness and stability of the microgrid in responding to various high-speed load changes. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a traditional microgrid architecture is shown.

[0025] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 The illustration schematically shows a detailed implementation flowchart of step S330 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the target energy storage node makes a charge and discharge management decision based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes.

[0028] Figure 5 The illustration schematically shows a detailed implementation flowchart of step S340, in which the target photovoltaic node makes a power generation management decision based on a second energy pool of a second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0030] The first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure provides a microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism.

[0031] To illustrate the differences between the microgrid control architecture provided in this embodiment and the traditional microgrid architecture, a comparative description of the traditional microgrid architecture is also provided.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a traditional microgrid architecture is shown.

[0033] Currently, in microgrids composed of grid-type electronic power equipment, whether operating independently as an isolated grid or connected to an external power grid, the overall data acquisition is bottom-up and the command execution is top-down, requiring multiple stages. The control strategy needs to comprehensively consider factors such as photovoltaics, energy storage, and the upper-level dispatch system. Due to the processing time of communication messages in each stage, the control logic operation time, and the lengthy uplink and downlink, the real-time performance of traditional control architectures can no longer meet the requirements.

[0034] For example, in the oilfield sector, refer to Figure 1The diagram illustrates a traditional microgrid architecture 100, a hierarchical structure comprising various load devices, energy storage devices, photovoltaic (PV) devices, and corresponding energy management units. Load devices include pumps, compressors, and oil pumping units. These devices report their status to the microgrid controller via a load merging unit (an example of an energy management unit for load devices) using either a TCP / IP Layer 5 or TCP / IP Layer 7 communication protocol. Similarly, energy storage devices send their collected status information to an energy storage management unit (which can be integrated into the energy storage device or located in an external control device independent of the energy storage device). The energy storage management unit then reports the status information of the energy storage device to the microgrid controller (corresponding to a bottom-up data acquisition and reporting process). Similarly, PV devices send their collected status information to a PV energy management unit (which can be integrated into the PV device or located in an external control device independent of the PV device). The PV energy management unit then reports the status information of the PV device to the microgrid controller (again, a bottom-up data acquisition and reporting process). It is understandable that the hierarchy shown here is only a simplified illustration, and there may actually be more levels and intermediate nodes.

[0035] The microgrid controller needs to analyze and comprehensively consider the relevant status information reported by all devices after collection to make a unified decision, obtain the control command corresponding to the decision result, and then issue the control command layer by layer to the corresponding device side, such as to load devices, energy storage devices, or photovoltaic devices, and the corresponding devices adjust according to the control command (corresponding to the top-down control command transmission and execution process). During this process, due to the layer-by-layer data reporting and transmission through the TCP / IP five-layer communication protocol or the TCP / IP seven-layer communication protocol, the uplink and downlink are relatively long, and the microgrid controller needs to make unified decisions. This makes the efficiency of the final decision affected by the reporting timeliness of each related device (such as load devices, photovoltaic devices, energy storage devices, etc.). At the same time, since some loads can change rapidly and significantly (for example, the power of the oil pumping unit can change greatly, dropping from 100kW to 20kW in 1 second), the microgrid controller has a large delay in acquiring all collected data and needs to consider multiple factors to make a decision. This makes the overall decision result lag significantly with respect to load changes, resulting in an inability to meet the required timely response.

[0036] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Reference Figure 2As shown, the microgrid control architecture 200 based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in this embodiment includes: a microgrid networking system 210. This microgrid networking system is a system supporting point-to-point communication, formed by networking multiple nodes in a microgrid. These multiple nodes include: load nodes, energy storage nodes, and photovoltaic nodes. The number of energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes can be one or more, for example, in... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates two energy storage nodes, designated Energy Storage Node 1 and Energy Storage Node 2, and two photovoltaic nodes, designated Photovoltaic Node a and Photovoltaic Node b. During microgrid operation, these nodes synchronize their node status sampling information with other nodes via point-to-point communication.

[0039] In some embodiments, the microgrid networking system 210 is based on a two-layer network structure for data communication, which includes a physical layer and a network link layer; information is transmitted between the nodes based on the SV protocol and a publish-subscribe mechanism.

[0040] The SV protocol, also known as the SMV protocol, is a communication protocol used for real-time transmission of digital sampling information. SV messages are based on the MAC frame format. In some embodiments, a microgrid network system can be described as an SV network, which is based on multicast Ethernet, follows a publish-subscribe architecture, and enables point-to-point message transmission.

[0041] Because of the two-layer network structure for data communication, it offers faster data transmission efficiency compared to the TCP / IP five-layer or seven-layer communication protocols. Simultaneously, point-to-point communication is achieved between nodes in the microgrid network system 210 based on a publish-subscribe mechanism. This allows for point-to-point transmission of state sampling information. Combined with a distributed decision-making approach, the decision results of energy storage and photovoltaic nodes can be synchronized to other nodes in parallel. Compared to the traditional method of reporting collected information layer by layer and disseminating decision results, this significantly improves data transmission efficiency and enhances the timeliness of decision response to changes.

[0042] In some embodiments, based on historical operating data of load nodes, load nodes whose short-term fluctuations exceed a preset amplitude are identified as critical load nodes. For these critical load nodes, a sampling frequency of 80-256 sampling points per cycle is used to obtain corresponding node status sampling information. By setting a higher sampling frequency for critical load nodes, the tracking accuracy of critical load nodes can be improved. Furthermore, since the decentralized decision-making mechanism set in this embodiment has the advantage of high-efficiency response, the stability of the microgrid in responding to various high-speed load changes can be enhanced.

[0043] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2As shown, the above-mentioned multiple nodes synchronize node state sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication, including at least one of the following:

[0044] The load node synchronizes load status sampling information to the energy storage node and photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between the load node and energy storage node 1, energy storage node 2, photovoltaic node a, and photovoltaic node b.

[0045] The energy storage node synchronizes its energy storage status sampling information to the photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between energy storage node 1 and photovoltaic nodes a and b, and the communication links between energy storage node 2 and photovoltaic nodes a and b.

[0046] Multiple energy storage nodes synchronize their respective energy storage status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication link between energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2;

[0047] The photovoltaic node synchronizes its power generation status sampling information to the energy storage node via point-to-point communication; for example, in... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between photovoltaic node a and energy storage nodes 1 and 2, and the communication links between photovoltaic node b and energy storage nodes 1 and 2.

[0048] Multiple photovoltaic nodes synchronize their respective power generation status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication link between photovoltaic node 1 and photovoltaic node 2.

[0049] The aforementioned energy storage nodes make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thus obtaining charging and discharging control information. The aforementioned photovoltaic nodes make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thus obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information. The combined decision result corresponding to the aforementioned charging and discharging control information and the aforementioned photovoltaic power generation control information meets the microgrid operation index requirements. The specific decision-making logic of the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes will be described in detail in the second embodiment later, and will not be elaborated here.

[0050] In some embodiments, the microgrid is in one of the following modes: islanded mode or grid-connected mode. In islanded mode, the microgrid operation performance requirements refer to the internal operation performance requirements of the microgrid. In grid-connected mode, the microgrid is connected to an external power grid, and the microgrid operation performance requirements refer to the external power grid's operation performance requirements for the connected microgrid. (Refer to...) Figure 2The solid-line box illustrates the microgrid in isolated mode. In grid-connected mode, the aforementioned nodes also include the microgrid controller. (See reference...) Figure 2 The dashed boxes in the diagram illustrate the state of the microgrid in grid-connected mode. The dashed boxes represent the microgrid controller, grid connection point merging unit 220, and external power grid 230, respectively. The microgrid is connected to the external power grid 230 via the grid connection point merging unit 220. The microgrid controller receives operational requirements from the external power grid for the microgrid and synchronizes these requirements as microgrid operational requirements to the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes in the microgrid network system. For example, the diagram shows synchronization to energy storage node 2 and photovoltaic node b.

[0051] In the aforementioned microgrid control architecture, by constructing a microgrid networking system, multiple nodes in the microgrid support point-to-point communication. During microgrid operation, nodes can synchronize their status sampling information. Simultaneously, energy storage nodes can make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, while photovoltaic nodes can make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes. This ensures that the comprehensive decision-making results corresponding to the aforementioned charging and discharging control information and photovoltaic power generation control information meet the microgrid operation index requirements. The decentralized distributed decision-making method and point-to-point communication links simplify the communication links and reduce latency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for all nodes to report their status sampling information to the microgrid controller for unified decision-making, which helps improve response efficiency and enhances the timeliness and stability of the microgrid in responding to various high-speed load changes.

[0052] A second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure provides a microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism. This embodiment can be understood in conjunction with the microgrid control architecture provided in the first embodiment.

[0053] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: S310, S320, S330 and S340.

[0055] In step S310, a microgrid networking system is constructed. The microgrid networking system is a system that supports point-to-point communication, which is composed of multiple nodes in the microgrid. The multiple nodes include: load nodes, energy storage nodes, and photovoltaic nodes.

[0056] Reference Figure 2As shown, the microgrid networking system 210 is a communication system formed by multiple nodes in a microgrid, which supports point-to-point communication based on a publish-subscribe mechanism.

[0057] In some embodiments, the microgrid networking system 210 is based on a two-layer network structure for data communication, which includes a physical layer and a network link layer; information is transmitted between the nodes based on the SV protocol and a publish-subscribe mechanism.

[0058] The SV protocol, also known as the SMV protocol, is a communication protocol used for real-time transmission of digital sampling information. SV messages are based on the MAC frame format. In some embodiments, a microgrid network system can be described as an SV network, which is based on multicast Ethernet, follows a publish-subscribe architecture, and enables point-to-point message transmission.

[0059] By employing a two-layer network structure for data communication, it achieves faster data transmission efficiency compared to the TCP / IP five-layer or seven-layer communication protocols. Simultaneously, point-to-point communication is achieved between nodes in the microgrid network system 210 based on a publish-subscribe mechanism. This enables point-to-point transmission of state sampling information. Combined with a distributed decision-making approach, the decision results of energy storage and photovoltaic nodes can be synchronously transmitted to other nodes in parallel. Compared to the traditional method of layer-by-layer reporting of collected information and the downward dissemination of decision results, this significantly improves data transmission efficiency and enhances the timeliness of decision-making response to changes.

[0060] In some embodiments, the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node are pre-configured with corresponding decision priorities, which are used to indicate the priority order of the two types of nodes, energy storage node and photovoltaic node, when making decisions.

[0061] If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are equal, the aforementioned energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes can make decisions in parallel and ensure decision consistency through the exchange of decision information; the aforementioned decision consistency means that the comprehensive decision result after the parallel decision-making of energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0062] The aforementioned microgrid operation indicators are used to indicate whether the microgrid's operating power is within a preset range or whether the microgrid's instantaneous fluctuation range is within a set range. By setting the control range for energy storage nodes to x1~x2 and the control range for photovoltaic nodes to y1~y2, the combined result of these two control ranges corresponds to the preset range z1~z2 of the microgrid's operating power. Therefore, energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes can make decisions in parallel and exchange their decision results through a point-to-point communication mechanism, ensuring that the combined decision results meet the microgrid operation indicator requirements.

[0063] If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are not equal, the node with the higher decision priority makes its decision first. The node with the lower decision priority then makes its decision based on the decision result obtained by the node with the higher decision priority, thus ensuring decision consistency. For example, in this embodiment, the decision priority of the energy storage node is set higher than that of the photovoltaic node. When making a decision, the energy storage node makes its decision first and synchronizes the decision result to the photovoltaic node. If the decision result of the energy storage node itself cannot meet the microgrid operation index requirements, the photovoltaic node continues to assist in decision-making based on the decision result of the energy storage node, so that the combined decision results of the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node meet the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0064] In step S320, during the operation of the microgrid, the above-mentioned multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication.

[0065] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned multiple nodes synchronize node state sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication, including at least one of the following:

[0066] The load node synchronizes load status sampling information to the energy storage node and photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between the load node and energy storage node 1, energy storage node 2, photovoltaic node a, and photovoltaic node b.

[0067] The energy storage node synchronizes its energy storage status sampling information to the photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between energy storage node 1 and photovoltaic nodes a and b, and the communication links between energy storage node 2 and photovoltaic nodes a and b.

[0068] Multiple energy storage nodes synchronize their respective energy storage status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication link between energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2;

[0069] The photovoltaic node synchronizes its power generation status sampling information to the energy storage node via point-to-point communication; for example, in... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication links between photovoltaic node a and energy storage nodes 1 and 2, and the communication links between photovoltaic node b and energy storage nodes 1 and 2.

[0070] Multiple photovoltaic nodes synchronize their respective power generation status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; for example, in Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the communication link between photovoltaic node 1 and photovoltaic node 2.

[0071] In some embodiments, based on historical operating data of load nodes, load nodes whose short-term fluctuations exceed a preset amplitude are identified as critical load nodes. For these critical load nodes, a sampling frequency of 80-256 sampling points per cycle is used to obtain corresponding node status sampling information. By setting a higher sampling frequency for critical load nodes, the tracking accuracy of critical load nodes can be improved. Furthermore, since the decentralized decision-making mechanism set in this embodiment has the advantage of high-efficiency response, the stability of the microgrid in responding to various high-speed load changes can be enhanced.

[0072] In step S330, the aforementioned energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thereby obtaining charging and discharging control information.

[0073] In some embodiments, the number of energy storage nodes is one or more, and the one or more energy storage nodes are pre-configured with a corresponding first control priority. The first control priority is used to indicate the priority order in which the one or more energy storage nodes perform control operations.

[0074] During the operation of the microgrid, a target energy storage node is elected from one or more energy storage nodes to make decisions. The target energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes. The execution energy storage node and the corresponding first execution information are determined within the first group according to the first control priority.

[0075] Figure 4 The illustration schematically shows a detailed implementation flowchart of step S330 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the target energy storage node makes a charge and discharge management decision based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes.

[0076] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the target energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on the first energy pool of the first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes, including the following steps: S410, S420, S430 and S440.

[0077] In step S410, the microgrid operation index requirements are obtained.

[0078] The aforementioned microgrid operation indicators are required to indicate whether the operating power of the microgrid is within a preset range or whether the instantaneous fluctuation range of the microgrid is within a set range.

[0079] In step S420, the target energy storage node sets one or more operation control parameters corresponding to the energy storage node according to the above microgrid operation index requirements.

[0080] The target energy storage node and target photovoltaic node used for decision-making in the energy storage node and photovoltaic node can make parallel or sequential decisions according to the decision priority. In the initial decision state, the target energy storage node acts as the decision node and sets the operation control parameters of each energy storage node in the first group of energy storage nodes according to the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0081] In step S430, based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by the load nodes, it is determined whether the operating status of the energy storage nodes in the first group needs to be adjusted, and charging and discharging control information is obtained; including: in response to the load status sampling information of the load nodes indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, a decision is made to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group, and charging and discharging control information is obtained.

[0082] Within the aforementioned microgrid networking system 210, load nodes synchronously sample load status information from the target energy storage node used for decision-making. The target energy storage node (e.g., energy storage node 2) determines whether the power change rate of the load node (the gradient of power change per unit time, e.g., a power change rate of 0.8 / s when power decreases from 100kW to 20kW within 1s; a power change value of 80kW) exceeds a set threshold (e.g., 0.4 / s) within a short period of time. Based on the power change rate, power change value, and energy distribution information in the first energy pool (e.g., including the energy status of each energy storage node), the system makes a decision to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group, thereby obtaining charging and discharging control information.

[0083] Specifically, decisions on increasing or decreasing can be made using linear programming algorithms, heuristic generative algorithms, or artificial intelligence models.

[0084] In some embodiments, based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, the energy storage nodes in the first group are made to adjust the charging and discharging power to obtain charging and discharging control information, including:

[0085] If the power change value is within the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the energy storage nodes in the first group are adjusted for increasing or decreasing charging and discharging power based on the sign of the power change rate and the magnitude of the power change value, thereby obtaining the first charging and discharging control information; this includes: determining the control direction and control amount based on the power change value and the power change rate; and determining the energy storage node to execute the decision and the corresponding first execution information based on the control direction, the control amount, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool.

[0086] If the power change exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the energy storage nodes in the first group are adjusted to increase or decrease their charging and discharging power based on the sign of the power change rate and the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, resulting in second charging and discharging control information. This includes: determining the control direction and control amount based on the power change value and power change rate; determining the decision control amount to be satisfied when the controllable adjustment range reaches its limit, the execution energy storage node for executing the decision, and the corresponding second execution information based on the control direction, the control amount, the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool; and sending a collaborative adjustment request message to the photovoltaic nodes based on point-to-point communication. The collaborative adjustment request message is used to instruct the photovoltaic nodes to collaboratively manage energy adjustment.

[0087] To simplify the explanation, if the power change rate is positive and the power change value δP1 is within the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, it indicates that the load demand is surging. In this case, a control direction is generated to increase the active power of the first group, and the control amount is equal to the power change value δP1. In one example scenario, assume the energy distribution information for two energy storage nodes in the first energy pool: energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP1; energy storage node 2 is also in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP2. Then, the discharging power of energy storage node 1 is increased by an increment of δP11, and the discharging power of energy storage node 2 is increased by an increment of δP12, where δP11 + δP12 = δP1. In another example scenario, assume the energy distribution information for energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP3; energy storage node 2 is in a charging state with a charging power of FP4. By increasing the discharging power of energy storage node 1 by an increment of δP13 and decreasing the charging power of energy storage node 2 by a decrease of δP14, δP13 + δP14 = δP1. In yet another example scenario, assume the energy distribution information for energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a charging state with a charging power of FP5; energy storage node 2 is also in a charging state with a charging power of FP6. By decreasing the charging power of energy storage node 1 by an increment of δP15 and decreasing the charging power of energy storage node 2 by an increment of δP16, δP15 + δP16 = δP1.

[0088] If the power change rate is negative and the power change value δP2 is within the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, it indicates that the load demand is in a state of rapid decline. Therefore, a control direction is generated to reduce the active power of the first group, and the control amount is equal to the power change value δP2. In an example scenario, assuming the energy distribution information corresponding to energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 in the first energy pool is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP1; energy storage node 2 is also in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP2; then the discharging power of energy storage node 1 is reduced by δP21, and the discharging power of energy storage node 2 is reduced by δP22, and δP21 + δP22 = δP2. In another example scenario, assume the energy distribution information for energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a discharging state with a discharging power of FP3; energy storage node 2 is in a charging state with a charging power of FP4. By reducing the discharging power of energy storage node 1 by δP23 and increasing the charging power of energy storage node 2 by δP24, δP23 + δP24 = δP2. In yet another example scenario, assume the energy distribution information for energy storage node 1 and energy storage node 2 is as follows: energy storage node 1 is in a charging state with a charging power of FP5; energy storage node 2 is also in a charging state with a charging power of FP6. By increasing the charging power of energy storage node 1 by δP25 and increasing the charging power of energy storage node 2 by δP26, δP25 + δP26 = δP2.

[0089] If the power change exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, then the decision-making and control shall be carried out in accordance with the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool.

[0090] In step S440, the operating control parameters of the energy storage node used for decision-making are adjusted according to the above-mentioned charge and discharge control information.

[0091] Since the execution energy storage nodes and corresponding first execution information in the first group have been obtained in the aforementioned step S430, the operation control parameters of the execution energy storage nodes can be adjusted based on the aforementioned first execution information in step S440.

[0092] In embodiments including steps S410 to S440 above, when the load status sampling information of the load node indicates that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, the energy storage nodes in the first group are adjusted to increase or decrease the charging and discharging power based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, thereby obtaining charging and discharging control information. The operating control parameters of the energy storage nodes are adjusted according to the charging control information, which can adapt to the rapid and large fluctuations of the load and respond and adjust in a timely and efficient manner, ensuring that the real-time operation of the microgrid meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0093] In step S340, the photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, and obtains photovoltaic power generation control information; wherein, the comprehensive decision result corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0094] The number of photovoltaic nodes is one or more, and one or more photovoltaic nodes are pre-configured with a corresponding second control priority. The second control priority is used to indicate the priority order of control execution for one or more photovoltaic nodes.

[0095] During the operation of the microgrid, a target photovoltaic node is elected from one or more photovoltaic nodes to make decisions. The target photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on the second energy pool of the second group composed of one or more photovoltaic nodes. The execution photovoltaic node and the corresponding second execution information are determined within the second group according to the second control priority.

[0096] Figure 5 The illustration schematically shows a detailed implementation flowchart of step S340, in which the target photovoltaic node makes a power generation management decision based on a second energy pool of a second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0097] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the target photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on the second energy pool of the second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes, including the following steps: S510, S520, S530 and S540.

[0098] In step S510, the microgrid operation index requirements are obtained.

[0099] The aforementioned microgrid operation indicators are required to indicate whether the operating power of the microgrid is within a preset range or whether the instantaneous fluctuation range of the microgrid is within a set range.

[0100] In step S520, the target photovoltaic node sets one or more operation control parameters corresponding to the photovoltaic node according to the above microgrid operation index requirements.

[0101] The target energy storage node and target photovoltaic node used for decision-making in the energy storage node and photovoltaic node can make parallel or sequential decisions according to the decision priority. In the initial decision state, the target photovoltaic node acts as the decision node and sets the operation control parameters of each photovoltaic node in the second group of photovoltaic nodes according to the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0102] In step S530, based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by the load node, it is determined whether the operating status of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group needs to be adjusted, and photovoltaic power generation control information is obtained; including: in response to the load status sampling information of the load node indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold and one of the following is received: a collaborative adjustment request message sent by the energy storage node is received, or energy storage status sampling information synchronized by the energy storage node is received, the amount of compensation adjustment to be processed is determined.

[0103] In this embodiment, the decision priority of the energy storage node is set higher than that of the photovoltaic node. When making a decision, the energy storage node makes the decision first and synchronizes the decision result to the photovoltaic node. If the decision result of the energy storage node itself cannot meet the microgrid operation index requirements, the photovoltaic node continues to make an assisting decision based on the decision result of the energy storage node, so that the combined decision results of the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node meet the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0104] When the power change rate at the load node exceeds a set threshold and the power change value exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the amount of adjustment to be compensated that needs to be processed by the second group is determined based on the energy storage status sampling information of the energy storage nodes (which may be multiple energy storage nodes) or the coordinated adjustment request message sent by the energy storage nodes (e.g., the target energy storage node). The amount of adjustment to be compensated is the result of subtracting the controllable adjustment range limit value from the power change value.

[0105] In step S540, based on the above-mentioned adjustment amount to be compensated and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, the power generation of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information.

[0106] Specifically, power generation can be adjusted using linear programming algorithms, heuristic generation algorithms, or artificial intelligence models.

[0107] For example, if the adjustment to be compensated is δP3, and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool is: the power generation of photovoltaic node a is FP7, and the power generation of photovoltaic node b is FP8, then the power generation needs to be increased to generate more electricity to meet the adjustment to be compensated δP3. The specific photovoltaic power generation control information is as follows: increase the power generation of photovoltaic node a by an increment of δP17, and increase the power generation of photovoltaic node b by an increment of δP18, and δP17+δP18=δP3.

[0108] In step S550, the operating control parameters of the photovoltaic node used to execute the decision are adjusted according to the photovoltaic power generation control information mentioned above.

[0109] Since the execution photovoltaic nodes and corresponding second execution information in the second group have been obtained in the aforementioned step S540, the operation control parameters of the execution photovoltaic nodes can be adjusted based on the aforementioned second execution information in step S550.

[0110] In embodiments including steps S510 to S550 above, when the load status sampling information of the load node indicates that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, the amount of adjustment to be compensated for collaborative processing is determined based on the collaborative adjustment request message sent by the energy storage node or based on the energy storage status sampling information synchronized by the energy storage node. Based on the amount of adjustment to be compensated and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, the power generation of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information. Based on the photovoltaic power generation control information, the operating control parameters of the photovoltaic nodes used to execute decisions are adjusted. This allows for timely and efficient response and adjustment to adapt to rapid and large fluctuations in load, ensuring that the real-time operation of the microgrid meets the microgrid operation index requirements.

[0111] In other embodiments, the decision priority of the energy storage node is at the same level as that of the photovoltaic node, and the adjustment range has preset allocation settings. For example, in response to changes in load nodes, the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node respond and adjust accordingly according to preset ratios of 60% and 40% (the values ​​are only examples). Steps S530 and S540 can be replaced by the following execution logic: Based on the received load status sampling information synchronized with the load nodes, determine whether it is necessary to adjust the operating status of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; this includes: responding to the load status sampling information of the load nodes indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, adjusting the power generation power of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, the preset allocation settings, and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information. The allocation settings are used to indicate a preset ratio by which target energy storage nodes and target photovoltaic nodes with equal decision priorities share the load fluctuation.

[0112] In embodiments including steps S510 to S550, when the amount to be compensated exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the second energy pool (i.e., exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first and second energy pools), an unmet shortfall compensation amount is determined. Based on the shortfall compensation amount and the node priority or demand priority corresponding to the load node, a target load node for shutdown corresponding to the shortfall compensation amount is determined. When the range of load node changes exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first and second energy pools, by determining the unmet shortfall compensation amount and selecting a target load node for shutdown based on the node priority or demand priority corresponding to the load node (e.g., selecting a node with a lower node priority as the target load node, or selecting a node with lower node demand as the target load node), the shutdown of the target load node matches demand and power supply, ensuring the stable operation of the microgrid.

[0113] In the above method, by constructing a microgrid networking system, multiple nodes in the microgrid support point-to-point communication. During the operation of the microgrid, nodes can synchronize their status sampling information. At the same time, energy storage nodes can make charging and discharging management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, and photovoltaic nodes can make power generation management decisions based on their own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes. This ensures that the comprehensive decision results corresponding to the above charging and discharging control information and the above photovoltaic power generation control information meet the microgrid operation index requirements. The decentralized distributed decision-making method and point-to-point communication links simplify the communication links and reduce latency. Moreover, it eliminates the need for all nodes to report their status sampling information to the microgrid controller for unified decision-making, which helps to improve response efficiency and enhance the timeliness and stability of the microgrid in response to various high-speed load changes.

[0114] It should be noted that the collection, gathering, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, and storage of user personal information involved in the technical solutions provided in this disclosure comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals. Necessary measures are taken to prevent unauthorized access to user personal information data and to safeguard user personal information security, network security, and national security.

[0115] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0116] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement it. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A microgrid control method based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism, characterized in that, include: Construct a microgrid networking system, which is a system supporting point-to-point communication composed of multiple nodes in a microgrid, including load nodes, energy storage nodes, and photovoltaic nodes. During the operation of the microgrid, the multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication; The energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thereby obtaining charging and discharging control information. The photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thereby obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information. The integrated decision-making results corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meet the microgrid operation index requirements.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microgrid networking system communicates data based on a two-layer network structure, which includes a physical layer and a network link layer; information is transmitted between the nodes based on the SV protocol and a publish-subscribe mechanism.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple nodes synchronize node state sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication, including at least one of the following: The load node synchronizes the load status sampling information to the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; The energy storage node synchronizes the energy storage status sampling information to the photovoltaic node via point-to-point communication; Multiple energy storage nodes synchronize their respective energy storage status sampling information based on point-to-point communication; The photovoltaic node will synchronize the power generation status sampling information to the energy storage node via point-to-point communication; Multiple photovoltaic nodes synchronize their respective power generation status sampling information based on point-to-point communication.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage node and the photovoltaic node are pre-configured with corresponding decision priorities, which are used to indicate the priority order when the two types of nodes, energy storage node and photovoltaic node, make decisions. If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are equal, the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node can make decisions in parallel and ensure decision consistency through decision information exchange; the decision consistency means that the comprehensive decision result after the parallel decision-making of the energy storage node and the photovoltaic node meets the microgrid operation index requirements. If the decision priorities of these two types of nodes are not equal, the node with the higher decision priority makes a decision first, and the node with the lower decision priority continues to make a decision based on the decision result obtained by the node with the higher decision priority, so as to ensure decision consistency.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of energy storage nodes is one or more, and the one or more energy storage nodes are pre-configured with a corresponding first control priority. The first control priority is used to indicate the priority order of control execution of one or more energy storage nodes. During the operation of the microgrid, a target energy storage node is elected from one or more energy storage nodes to make a decision. The target energy storage node makes a charge and discharge management decision based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes. The execution energy storage node and the corresponding first execution information are determined within the first group according to the first control priority. The number of photovoltaic nodes is one or more, and one or more photovoltaic nodes are pre-configured with a corresponding second control priority. The second control priority is used to indicate the priority order in which one or more photovoltaic nodes perform control. During the operation of the microgrid, a target photovoltaic node is elected from one or more photovoltaic nodes to make a decision. The target photovoltaic node makes a power generation management decision based on a second energy pool of a second group consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes. The execution photovoltaic node and the corresponding second execution information are determined within the second group according to the second control priority.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The target energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on a first energy pool of a first group consisting of one or more energy storage nodes, including: Obtain microgrid operation indicator requirements; The target energy storage node is configured with one or more operation control parameters corresponding to the energy storage node according to the microgrid operation index requirements; Based on the load status sampling information received from the load nodes, it is determined whether the operating status of the energy storage nodes in the first group needs to be adjusted, and charging and discharging control information is obtained; including: in response to the load status sampling information of the load nodes indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, the charging and discharging power adjustment decision of the energy storage nodes in the first group is made, and charging and discharging control information is obtained. Based on the charge and discharge control information, the operating control parameters of the energy storage node used to make decisions are adjusted.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group is adjusted to increase or decrease, resulting in charging and discharging control information, including: If the power change value is within the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage nodes in the first group is adjusted according to the sign of the power change rate and the magnitude of the power change value to obtain the first charging and discharging control information; including: determining the control direction and control amount according to the power change value and the power change rate; and determining the execution energy storage node and the corresponding first execution information for executing the decision according to the control direction, the control amount and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool. If the power change exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, the energy storage nodes in the first group are adjusted for power increase or decrease based on the sign of the power change rate and the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, resulting in second charge / discharge control information. This includes: determining the control direction and control amount based on the power change value and power change rate; determining the decision control amount to be satisfied when the controllable adjustment range reaches its limit, the execution energy storage node for executing the decision, and the corresponding second execution information based on the control direction, the control amount, the controllable adjustment range of the first energy pool, and the energy distribution information in the first energy pool; and sending a collaborative adjustment request message to the photovoltaic nodes based on point-to-point communication. The collaborative adjustment request message is used to instruct the photovoltaic nodes to collaboratively manage energy adjustment.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The target photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on a second energy pool consisting of one or more photovoltaic nodes, including: Obtain microgrid operation indicator requirements; The target photovoltaic node is configured with one or more operating control parameters corresponding to the photovoltaic node according to the microgrid operation index requirements; Based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by the load nodes, determine whether it is necessary to adjust the operating status of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group, and obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; Based on the photovoltaic power generation control information, the operating control parameters of the photovoltaic nodes used to execute decisions are adjusted.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the received load status sampling information synchronized by the load nodes, it is determined whether the operating status of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group needs to be adjusted, thus obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information, including: In response to the load status sampling information of the load node indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold and one of the following occurs: a coordinated adjustment request message is received from the energy storage node, or energy storage status sampling information synchronized from the energy storage node is received, and the amount of adjustment to be compensated for in the coordinated processing is determined; based on the amount of adjustment to be compensated and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, the power generation of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; or, In response to the load status sampling information of the load node indicating that the power change rate exceeds a set threshold, the power generation power of the photovoltaic nodes in the second group is adjusted according to the sign of the power change rate, the power change value, the preset allocation setting information, and the energy distribution information in the second energy pool, to obtain photovoltaic power generation control information; wherein the allocation setting information is used to indicate the preset ratio of the load fluctuation amount shared by the target energy storage node and the target photovoltaic node with equal decision priority.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the amount to be compensated exceeds the controllable adjustment range of the second energy pool, the amount of shortfall compensation that cannot be met is determined; Based on the gap compensation amount and the node priority or demand priority corresponding to the load node, the target load node for shutdown corresponding to the gap compensation amount is determined.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microgrid can be in one of the following modes: isolated mode or grid-connected mode. In isolated mode, the microgrid operation index requirements refer to the operation index requirements within the microgrid. In grid-connected mode, the microgrid is connected to an external power grid, and the microgrid operation index requirements refer to the operation index requirements of the external power grid for the connected microgrid. In grid-connected mode, the plurality of nodes also includes: The microgrid controller is used to receive the operation index requirements of the external power grid for the microgrid, and synchronize the operation index requirements as the microgrid operation index requirements to the energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes in the microgrid networking system; The microgrid is connected to the external power grid based on the grid connection point merging unit.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the historical operating data of the load nodes, load nodes whose short-term fluctuations exceed the preset amplitude are identified as critical load nodes; for the critical load nodes, the sampling frequency reaches 80-256 sampling points per cycle to obtain the corresponding node status sampling information.

13. A microgrid control architecture based on a decentralized decision-making mechanism, characterized in that, include: A microgrid networking system, wherein the microgrid networking system is a system that supports point-to-point communication, consisting of multiple nodes in a microgrid networked together, the multiple nodes including: load nodes, energy storage nodes and photovoltaic nodes; During the operation of the microgrid, the multiple nodes synchronize node status sampling information to other nodes based on point-to-point communication; The energy storage node makes charging and discharging management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thereby obtaining charging and discharging control information. The photovoltaic node makes power generation management decisions based on its own operating status and information synchronized with other nodes, thereby obtaining photovoltaic power generation control information. The integrated decision-making results corresponding to the charging and discharging control information and the photovoltaic power generation control information meet the microgrid operation index requirements.

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