Modular portable emergency power generator that can be adapted to power multiple devices

Abstract

The application provides a modular emergency portable power generation device which can be adapted to multi-device power supply, relates to the technical field of power systems, and comprises a power generation module, an energy storage module, a power conversion and multi-standard output module, an intelligent energy management module, a communication and human-computer interaction module, a safety protection module and a portable assembly structure. The power generation module supports parallel input of photovoltaic power, commercial power and vehicle-mounted power, the energy storage module is a detachable battery pack and has hot plug and parallel expansion capacity. The power conversion module provides AC output, stabilized DC output and multi-protocol fast charging output, and the intelligent energy management module is used for load identification, power budget, priority scheduling, black start and parallel control. The portable assembly structure adopts fast plug guide rails and blind plug connectors, so that the modules can be quickly replaced or expanded during system operation, realizing continuous and stable power supply for multiple devices in emergency scenarios. The application is suitable for emergency communication, outdoor medical treatment, rescue and relief, long-term field tasks and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system technology, specifically to a modular emergency portable power generation device that can be adapted to power multiple devices. Background Technology

[0002] Emergency power supply equipment is widely used in scenarios such as field rescue, mobile medical care, communication support, and outdoor construction. Traditional portable power generation equipment mainly relies on a single energy input and fixed capacity energy storage, lacking the ability to supply power to multiple sources in parallel. Furthermore, it often experiences output interruptions, voltage drops, or requires manual restarts when switching external power supply modes. Simultaneously, existing portable energy storage devices mostly adopt an integrated packaging structure, making it impossible to replace, expand, or maintain energy storage units or power modules during mission execution. This results in poor power supply continuity, unmaintainable modules, and insufficient system scalability under long-cycle missions or high-load conditions. In addition, most mainstream portable power supplies lack intelligent power management capabilities such as load identification, power scheduling, and self-adaptation to fast charging protocols. They cannot optimize energy distribution in scenarios where multiple types of terminal devices are supplied in parallel, leading to a mismatch between effective power supply capacity and rated capacity, and low energy utilization. Moreover, existing equipment generally does not support parallel operation of multiple devices, making it impossible to flexibly build scalable power supply systems for different application tasks, thus limiting the deployability and cost control of emergency power supply equipment. Therefore, there is a need for a portable power generation device with the capabilities of multi-energy access, modular expansion, hot-swappable maintenance, parallel collaborative power supply, and intelligent energy management, so as to achieve a continuous, stable, scalable, and autonomous multi-device safe power supply capability in emergency scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a modular emergency portable power generation device that can be adapted to power multiple devices, thus solving the problems of existing technologies.

[0004] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a modular emergency portable power generation device that can be adapted to power multiple devices, comprising the following components: a power generation module, an energy storage module, a power conversion and multi-mode output module, an intelligent energy management module, a communication and human-machine interaction module, a safety protection module, and a portable assembly structure; Both the power generation module and the energy storage module are connected to the power conversion and multi-system output module via a DC bus; The power conversion and multi-standard output module includes an inverter unit, a DC-DC converter unit, and a fast charging unit, which are used to output AC pure sine wave voltage, regulated isolated DC voltage, and protocol self-adaptive fast charging voltage, respectively. The intelligent energy management module is electrically connected to the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and multi-standard output module, and is used to perform load identification, protocol self-adaptation, power budget and priority scheduling, black start control, and grid-connected / off-grid mode switching. The portable assembly structure uses quick-connect rails and positioning structures to enable rapid assembly and replacement of the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and output module, so as to achieve parallel and stable power supply to the terminal equipment.

[0005] Preferably, the inverter unit of the power conversion and multi-mode output module outputs a pure sine wave of AC 220V / 50Hz and has soft start and time-limited overload support; The DC-DC converter unit provides 12V and / or 24V regulated and isolated output; The fast charging unit provides USB-CPD and USB-AQC outputs and completes voltage / current negotiation through protocol self-adaptation.

[0006] Preferably, the power generation module includes a photovoltaic input unit, a mains input unit, and a vehicle input unit. The photovoltaic input unit is connected to the DC bus via maximum power point tracking control, the mains input unit is connected via an isolated AC / DC converter, and the vehicle input unit is connected via a DC / DC buck-boost converter.

[0007] Preferably, the energy storage module is a detachable battery pack structure with a built-in battery management system (BMS), which supports series and parallel capacity expansion and hot-swapping, and has online SOC and SOH estimation and equalization management.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent energy management module is configured to identify the connection port type and load category.

[0009] Preferably, the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and multi-mode output module all adopt a hot-swappable quick-connect structure, and the electrical connection is a blind-plug self-aligning connector with plug-in / plug-out status detection.

[0010] Preferably, the device supports parallel operation of multiple units for capacity expansion, and the output capacity expansion is achieved through bus droop control, circulating current suppression and / or communication current sharing mechanisms.

[0011] Preferably, the safety protection module includes an input / output electromagnetic interference suppression network, an overvoltage / overcurrent / short circuit / reverse connection / insulation fault / surge protection circuit, and an emergency power-off mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the communication and human-computer interaction module includes local display and button / knob input, and includes wireless or wired interfaces for parameter configuration, operation data recording and remote operation and maintenance, and supports local autonomous operation and data caching in network outage scenarios.

[0013] Beneficial effects This invention provides a modular portable emergency power generator that can be adapted to power multiple devices. It offers the following advantages: This invention employs blind-mating electrical connectors and quick-connect rail structures, allowing energy storage modules and power conversion modules to be plugged in and replaced during system operation under load. The intelligent energy management module suppresses inrush current through pre-charge control and plug-in / plug-out status detection, keeping the bus voltage drop during hot-plugging within 3%. Simultaneously, the system supports multi-unit parallel expansion, utilizing droop control combined with a communication current-sharing mechanism to keep parallel current deviation below 5%. This allows for flexible addition or removal of modules based on on-site load changes, eliminating the need for downtime maintenance or complete unit replacement, significantly improving the continuous availability and lifecycle economics of emergency power supply equipment.

[0014] This invention's intelligent energy management module identifies load types based on port characteristic parameters, protocol handshake information, and real-time current sampling. It also performs dynamic power budgeting by combining energy storage SOC, input power, and multi-port load priorities, ensuring that critical loads are prioritized for resource allocation during peak power periods, while low-priority loads enter current-limiting or delayed power supply modes. In typical 1kWh model tests, under full-load mixed output scenarios, it improves the power supply duration by approximately 18%–27% compared to ordinary portable power supplies without power scheduling, achieving the effect of "higher available energy ratio for the same capacity." It is suitable for long-duration mission scenarios such as medical rescue, field communication, and emergency water supply pumping stations. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cloud diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example 1: like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the modular emergency portable power generation device that can be adapted to power multiple devices includes the following components: a power generation module, an energy storage module, a power conversion and multi-mode output module, an intelligent energy management module, a communication and human-machine interaction module, a safety protection module, and a portable assembly structure. Both the power generation module and the energy storage module are connected to the power conversion and multi-system output module via a DC bus; The power conversion and multi-standard output module includes an inverter unit, a DC-DC converter unit, and a fast charging unit, which are used to output AC pure sine wave voltage, regulated isolated DC voltage, and protocol-adaptive fast charging voltage, respectively. The intelligent energy management module is electrically connected to the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and multi-standard output module to perform load identification, protocol self-adaptation, power budget and priority scheduling, black start control, and grid-connected / off-grid mode switching. The portable assembly structure uses quick-connect rails and positioning structures to enable rapid assembly and replacement of the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and output module, so as to achieve parallel and stable power supply to the terminal equipment.

[0018] The system employs a unified DC bus architecture as the energy convergence and distribution center. The rated voltage of the bus is preferably at the medium-voltage DC level to balance safety and efficiency, typically ranging from 24V to 60V DC, determined during the product configuration phase based on target power and insulation class. The power generation module and energy storage module are connected to the DC bus via blind-mating electrical connectors. The connector structure is designed with grounding first, followed by power, and features asynchronous long contacts. This ensures that the ground wire and detection contact are connected first during insertion. Subsequently, the intelligent energy management module controls the pre-charge branch to conduct, slowly charging the bus capacitor until the bus voltage is essentially the same as the module terminal voltage. Then, the main power devices are closed to form a low-resistance path, avoiding insertion and removal shocks. The inverter unit generates a pure sinusoidal AC output, the DC-DC converter provides a regulated and isolated DC output, and the fast-charging unit provides a programmable voltage and current output with handshake negotiation capabilities. After the system is powered on, the intelligent energy management module completes self-testing and module discovery, establishing a mapping relationship between the energy side (power generation, energy storage) and the load side (AC, DC, fast charging). Based on real-time collected bus voltage and current, energy storage state of charge, input power, and port identification information, it dynamically calculates the power budget and executes priority scheduling. When external energy is unavailable, the system enters a black-start sequence, prioritizing power supply to critical loads. When the external power grid is detected to be effective and meets grid connection conditions, it switches to grid-connected operation and seamlessly reverts to off-grid mode in case of grid anomalies. To meet emergency rapid deployment requirements, the electromechanical structure adopts quick-connect rails and positioning pins. The overall size and weight of the module are controlled within the range that can be operated by a single soldier. Mechanical locking and accidental contact release mechanisms are provided at the rail ends to ensure reliable insertion and removal in field environments.

[0019] Under this overall scheme, the power flow from the self-generating module and the energy storage module is fed into the DC bus and distributed to the load end through the power conversion and multi-standard output module; the signal flow is uniformly collected, processed and controlled by the intelligent energy management module; the state machine covers the initialization, identification, budgeting, operation, anomaly and recovery stages, ensuring that the system maintains output voltage quality and power supply continuity under disturbances such as load impact, ambient temperature changes and module insertion and removal.

[0020] I. System Power Conservation and Loss Model: The instantaneous energy balance of the system is written as:

[0021] in: External input power (W): The total power injected into the DC bus after being converted by the generator module; The net power (W) of the auxiliary module to the bus is positive when discharging and negative when charging. Total output power (W) on the load side, including AC, DC and fast charging ports; The system's conversion losses and conductor losses (W) at each stage can be estimated by summing up the efficiencies. When the efficiencies at each stage are respectively... When the equivalent loss is , it can be written as:

[0022] in For the first The power (W) flowing through the point of the stage power flow. This is the efficiency level (dimensionless). II. DC Bus Voltage Dynamics and Pre-charge Limits. Assume the equivalent capacitance of the DC bus is... The equivalent series resistance is The dynamic bus voltage is:

[0023] in: DC bus voltage (V); Equivalent capacitance (F); Bus equivalent bleed / dissipation impedance (Ω). To limit inrush current during hot-plugging, the pre-charge phase must satisfy:

[0024] in: :V of the newly connected module port; : Pre-charge equivalent current limiting resistor or source equivalent (Ω); : Maximum permissible surge current (A); : Maximum voltage difference threshold (V) for determining pre-charge completion.

[0025] III. Optimization Model for Power Prediction and Priority Scheduling in the Sampling Period Internally, for each output port Power allocation To optimize, construct a linear / Δ quadratic objective:

[0026] The constraints are:

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Symbol explanation: :No. Current power allocated to each port (W); :No. Ideal / desired power (W) for each port; :No. Port priority weight (dimensionless, larger values ​​indicate higher priority); Penalty functions (such as Chebyshev penalty functions), These are the weighting coefficients; :Port upper and lower limits (W) Represents the set of critical loads; Available battery discharge power (W) under permissible SOC and temperature lifetime constraints; :time Battery states (0–1); : Bus voltage allowable range (V). When the external input power is insufficient, the above formula will automatically derate or suspend the low-weight ports and give priority to power supply to the high-weight ports.

[0032] IV. Black Start Triggering and Sequence Judgment: The black start triggering condition is as follows:

[0033] in: The minimum charge value (0–1) required to perform a black start; Critical load Minimum derating power (W); The upper limit of the battery's sustainable output power (W) during the black start phase. The black start constraint (DC first, then AC, then fast charging) can be expressed by the inequality:

[0034] in: Power-on time (s) for various ports; The minimum bus voltage threshold (V) that allows AC inverter startup. V. Grid-connected / off-grid switching and synchronization conditions: Grid connection judgment adopts phasor phase-locked loop correlation and grid frequency deviation limitation.

[0035] in: Phase angle difference between the inverter side and the grid side (rad); Frequency deviation (Hz); RMS voltage deviation (V); : Soft ban threshold. Off-grid exit is determined by exceeding any of the above inequalities, or by detecting an abnormal grid event (undervoltage, overvoltage, overfrequency, underfrequency). During soft ban, active / reactive power ramp-up follows a defined slope.

[0036] in These are the active / reactive power rise rate limits (W / s, var / s), respectively.

[0037] VI. Inverter Output Quality and Overload Support: The adjustment target for inverter output voltage is as follows:

[0038] in: Reference sine wave (V); Actual output waveform (V); THD: Total Harmonic Distortion (dimensionless); : In the same overload support Maximum allowable output current (A).

[0039] VII. Port Identification and Protocol Adaptive Consistency Constraints: For fast charging ports, voltage level constraints must satisfy:

[0040] in: The set of voltage / current combinations allowed by the protocol; Maximum power rating of the port (W).

[0041] 8. SOC Constraints and Available Battery Power The discrete-time update of the battery's SOC is written as:

[0042] in: :No. Battery current (A) for each sampling period, discharge is positive. Sampling period (s); Rated capacity (A·s); : The coefficient that varies with temperature and current.

[0043] : No. The battery current (A) is positive during each sampling period; : Sampling period (s); Rated capacity Temperature and magnification correction factor (dimensionless).

[0044]

[0045] in: Discharge capacity curve (W) determined by SOC and temperature; Battery terminal voltage (V); : Instantaneous maximum allowable discharge current (A); Safety factor ( ).

[0046] IX. Priority Sets and Critical Load Assurance Let the set of critical loads be The common load set is The key safeguards are:

[0047] in: Minimum guaranteed power (W) for critical loads; : Normal load share coefficient.

[0048] when When this happens, the critical loads are "time-limited sequential power supply", which means that the minimum power supply share of each critical load is met in a rotating manner within a rolling time window.

[0049] 10. State Consistency and Exception Rollback Let the system state set be The state transition satisfies: in:

[0050] :time The system status; : Predicted / estimated input and load demand power (W).

[0051] The key points of "claim 1" are given, including "power generation module, energy storage module, power conversion and multi-mode output module, intelligent energy management module, grid-connected / off-grid switching, black start, quick-connect assembly and stable power supply".

[0052] The inverter unit of the power conversion and multi-standard output module outputs a pure sine wave of AC 220V / 50Hz and has soft start and time-limited overload support; The DC-DC converter provides 12V and / or 24V regulated isolated output; The fast charging unit provides USBCPD and USBAQC outputs and completes voltage / current negotiation through protocol self-adaptation.

[0053] The inverter unit employs a full-bridge inverter topology with an output filter network to achieve a pure sine wave output. Control methods include pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM), and dual-loop control (outer voltage loop and inner current loop) achieves low total harmonic distortion (THD) and dynamic load response. To handle the startup impact of inductive or rectifier loads, the inverter unit implements a soft-start curve upon power-up or load connection, with the output voltage amplitude gradually increasing from low to high while limiting the duration of the maximum load current, thus providing short-term overload support without triggering protection. The DC-DC converter provides a regulated 12V or 24V output with constant voltage and current limiting characteristics, and quickly switches to protection mode in case of port short circuits or overloads. A derating strategy is implemented to maintain bus stability in case of over-temperature or input undervoltage. The fast-charging unit identifies the voltage and current requirements of the peer device through port physical layer handshake, establishes the output according to the target voltage and current trajectory after negotiation, and responds quickly to dynamic adjustments in load demand, ensuring efficient charging of electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and drone batteries. To prevent the bus voltage from dropping due to multiple ports requesting high power at the same time, the intelligent energy management module assigns limits to each port and temporarily reduces power or suspends output to low-priority ports when necessary.

[0054] I. AC Inverter Unit: Pure Sine Wave, Soft Start, and Time-Limited Overload 1) Voltage Tracking and Harmonic Constraint The inverter output adopts dual closed-loop control with an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop to ensure that the output voltage... Tracking reference sine And it meets the upper limit of harmonics:

[0055] in, This is the rated effective value. For the rated frequency, The initial phase is THD(·), which is the total harmonic distortion operator. 1) The allowable upper limit (e.g., 3%). 2) When the soft-start curve and impact limit are applied, the reference amplitude adopts a gradual increase function during power-on or load connection. :

[0056] in, The moment the inverter is powered on. The soft-start time constant (e.g., 0.5–3 s). Upper limit constraint on the output current surge during soft start:

[0057] in, For output current, This is the current limit during soft start. 3) Time-limited overload support and thermal constraint: The inverter is allowed overload output within the time-limited window, satisfying:

[0058] And is constrained by the device's thermal model:

[0059] in, For 200% and 150% of the rated current; For the corresponding support time; For the junction temperature, For ambient temperature, The equivalent thermal resistance function, For instantaneous power loss, The upper limit temperature is for safety.

[0060] II. DC-DC Converter Unit: 12V / 24V Voltage Regulation, Isolation, and Dynamic Protection 1) Voltage Regulation Target and Load Negative Suppression: The output voltage Vdc of the isolated DC-DC converter tracks the set value Vset∈{12V,24V} and meets the voltage regulation and recovery indicators under a load step ΔIload:

[0061] Where εV is the upper limit of voltage regulation deviation (e.g., 2%Vset), Trec is the upper limit of recovery time, and ts is the time when the disturbance occurs. 2) Current limiting, short circuit, and undervoltage protection output side current limiting and short circuit protection are written as:

[0062] Where Idc(t) is the DC output current, I_max is the rated maximum current, and Vuv is the undervoltage threshold. 3) Efficiency and thermal derating: Conversion efficiency under load current Idc and temperature T conditions:

[0063] If heat dissipation is limited or the temperature rises to the threshold Tdegrate:

[0064] Where κ(T) is the temperature-dependent derating coefficient function, and I_max,25℃ is the maximum current at the reference temperature.

[0065] III. Fast Charging Unit: USBCPD / USBAQC Protocol Adaptation and Line Loss Compensation 1) Protocol Contract Set and Port Power Limitation Port negotiation determines the target voltage-current pair (Vset, Iset), which must belong to the protocol allowed set:

[0066] Where S_{PD / QC} is the set of selectable power levels specified by the USBCPD / QC protocol; P_{port} is the port output power, and P_{port,max} is the port's rated maximum power. 2) Total power and priority allocation in multi-port cases: If M ports are parallel on the same fast charging board, and the system's available power is P_{qc,avail}, then:

[0067] Where Pm is the real-time power of the m-th port, and Pm,max is the upper limit of that port. When the system power is insufficient, a port weight w_{m} (derived from the overall priority) is introduced to give power to lower-weight ports first, provided that critical loads are not derated.

[0068] 3) Linear compensation and port voltage consistency: To compensate for the voltage drop caused by the connection line impedance, linear compensation is added to the port set voltage.

[0069] in, Set the voltage on the source side. For the desired device-side voltage, The equivalent resistance of the line, This is the port output current. To prevent overvoltage caused by overcompensation, a compensation upper limit is limited in practical applications:

[0070] 4) Handshake stability and voltage trajectory smoothness: The port voltage trajectory uses a smooth function to avoid step shocks.

[0071] in, These are the upper limits of the voltage / current slope, ensuring a smooth output rise without overshoot after the handshake.

[0072] IV. Consistency Constraints for Cross-System Cooperation and Bus Stability 1) The sum of the output power of the three types of inverter, direct drive, and fast charging across different power systems is constrained by the available power of the bus and the protection threshold.

[0073] in, These are the AC, DC, and fast charging output powers, respectively. Accumulated cascading efficiency; This refers to the safe voltage range for the busbar.

[0074] 2) Port-level overvoltage / overcurrent and bus circuit suppression: The protection actions of each output channel must avoid causing disturbances and surges to the bus. Port bus coupling limits are specified.

[0075] in, For the first The upper limit of the sensitivity of the output to the bus voltage is achieved through a combination of soft start, current limiting and slope limiting; this inequality ensures that rapid changes at a single port will not cause the bus voltage to drop or oscillate.

[0076] V. Unified Interpretation of All Formulas Instantaneous AC output voltage of the inverter; : Exchange reference sine waveform; Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) calculation operator; The maximum allowed THD level; The soft-start normalized amplitude function smoothly increases from 0 to 1 over time. Inverter power-on time; Soft start time; Inverter output current; Soft-start current limit; These are overload current limits of 200% and 150%, respectively. : Corresponding overload support time; : Temperature of power devices; Ambient temperature; Thermal impedance function; Instantaneous loss; Maximum allowable junction temperature; DC output voltage; DC setting voltage (12V or 24V); Voltage regulation deviation upper limit; Recovery time after disturbance; The time when the disturbance occurs; DC output current; DC output current limit; Undervoltage threshold; DC-DC conversion efficiency; DC stage output / input power; : The temperature threshold at which derating begins; Temperature derating factor; Target voltage / current negotiated with the fast charging port; USBCPD / QC protocol allows for a set of gear positions; Power of a single fast charging port; : Maximum power of the port; : No. One fast charging port power; Its maximum power; The total power that can be allocated to the fast charging board under the current connection conditions; : No. Port weights (derived from system priority); : Desired voltage on the source side / device side; : Equivalent resistance of cable; Port output current; Compensation cap; Voltage / current rise slope limit; Output power includes three types: AC, DC, and fast charging. : Cascade efficiency product (0~1); Available power injected into the bus from the generator module; : Battery's usable discharge power under SOC / temperature / life constraints; DC bus voltage; Its safety range; Upper limit of bus voltage sensitivity caused by port power disturbance.

[0077] For AC inverters, a complete set of constraints is constructed, including "sine wave tracking + soft start + time-limited overload + thermal safety"; for DC voltage regulation, "voltage regulation deviation, recovery time, current limiting / short circuit / undervoltage + temperature derating" is defined; for fast charging units, "protocol contract set + multi-port power allocation + line loss compensation + slope limit" is given; for cross-system parallel output, global constraints of "bus power consistency + bus stability sensitivity" are added.

[0078] The power generation module includes a photovoltaic input unit, a mains input unit, and an on-board input unit. The photovoltaic input unit is connected to the DC bus via maximum power point tracking control, the mains input unit is connected via an isolated AC / DC converter, and the on-board input unit is connected via a DC / DC buck-boost converter.

[0079] The photovoltaic (PV) input unit uses folded photovoltaic panels as its energy source. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller ensures the operating point approximates the optimal power point of the PV array, switching to a tracking strategy near constant voltage under conditions of rapid light changes or low illumination to improve convergence speed. The mains input unit connects to a wide-range AC power supply, providing DC bus power through active power factor correction and isolated conversion. In grid-connected scenarios, a bypass mode is provided to reduce energy loss during bidirectional conversion. The vehicle-mounted input unit connects to the vehicle's power circuit. Considering extreme situations such as transient overvoltage and load shedding, reverse connection protection and transient suppression are implemented at the input, and a buck-boost DC-DC converter is used to maintain stable bus voltage. When all three energy sources are available simultaneously, the system prioritizes based on energy cost, noise limits, and task requirements, prioritizing PV to reduce fuel consumption and noise, followed by mains power. Vehicle power provides supplemental power during movement or serves as emergency redundancy. For multi-source parallel access, each input channel is configured with reverse current suppression and power-on soft-start strategies to prevent bus backflow and circulating current between input channels.

[0080] I. Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking (Adaptive Disturbance Step Size + Low Illumination Switching) At sampling time k, the photovoltaic voltage, current, and power are recorded as follows: A hybrid MPPT using "incremental admittance + adaptive perturbation" is employed.

[0081] like

[0082] This represents the duty cycle dispersion of a photovoltaic boost / buck converter. For adaptive step size; , Minimum / maximum step size; It is a power change scaling index; It is a symbolic function; Low illumination judgment coefficient; Estimate the current open-circuit voltage; This is a constant voltage tracking ratio. It achieves high-precision convergence of incremental admittance near steady state, adaptive step size for fast tracking during disturbances, and switches to constant voltage approximation MPPT under low light conditions.

[0083] II. Consistency between AC power input rectification and PFC The mains phase voltage is The target waveform of the input current is Active PFC enables: Minimum,

[0084] in: This is the actual mains current. This is the proportionality coefficient; For the power grid cycle; Power factor; This is the lower limit of the target (e.g., 0.98). The target bus voltage for isolated AC / DC converters is... Its output satisfies Furthermore, the ripple effect is limited.

[0085] III. Onboard voltage boosting and transient suppression in automobiles Vehicle power supply voltage A "load throw-off" transient may occur. The buck-boost DC-DC converter must satisfy:

[0086] Active clamping action in: Static mapping for the converter; Duty cycle; Input current to the vehicle side; To limit the flow to the maximum; The transient suppression device is triggered to protect against the "load dump" surge threshold (e.g., 60V / 400ms).

[0087] IV. Suppression of Current Suppression / Circulation in Multi-Source Parallel Operation: When three inputs are parallel, each interface uses an equivalent ideal diode or an active ORing, let:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula: The equivalent source voltage of the j-th interface; To enable its conduction equivalent resistance; This is the upper limit of interaction sensitivity, used to limit the loop current coupling in the channel path. The energy storage module features a detachable battery pack structure and a built-in battery management system (BMS), supporting series and parallel capacity expansion and hot-swapping. It also has online SOC and SOH estimation and equalization management.

[0090] The energy storage module adopts a removable battery pack design, based on high-safety cells. An integrated battery management system monitors individual cell voltage, module temperature, and circuit current, implementing overcharge, over-discharge, and over-temperature protection. During charging, it employs a balancing strategy based on individual cell differences to improve usable capacity and lifespan. The battery pack is designed for series-parallel configuration to expand total energy and output capacity. When multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, the intelligent energy management module coordinates current distribution to prevent overcurrent or overheating in a single pack. For hot-swapping, the insertion of the battery pack is communicated to the controller via a mechanical position sensor or contact signal. The controller first establishes a pre-charge path, and then closes the main circuit devices after the voltages on both sides are close, completing a shock-free connection. For removal, the main circuit is first disconnected, followed by the pre-charge and signal contacts, thus completing the replacement without interrupting power to other modules. To improve the accuracy of remaining capacity estimation, the system combines coulomb integration, open-circuit voltage curves, and temperature correction for state of charge estimation during operation. It also gradually updates the health status assessment through regression or filtering methods using historical charge and discharge data, making output power budgeting and lifespan management more reliable.

[0091] I. SOC (State of Charge) Update Disconnection and Temperature Rate Correction: Within the sampling period Δt, the battery current is... (Discharge is positive, charging is negative), SOC updated to:

[0092] in: Rated capacity Temperature and magnification correction factors This refers to the cell temperature.

[0093] II. Establishing the equivalent circuit using the OCVSOC model and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF): Terminal voltage

[0094] In the formula: This is the open-circuit voltage (SOC) curve; DC internal resistance; These are the equivalent RC branch parameters; This is the polarization voltage. Based on SOC and... For the state, (4.1) and (4.3) are combined to form the state equation, and (4.2) is the measurement equation. EKF is used to integrate voltage, current and temperature to obtain the online optimal SOC.

[0095] III. State of Health (SOH) and Equivalent Internal Resistance Tracking: SOH is defined as a joint indicator of capacitance and internal resistance.

[0096] in: Remaining available capacity; The reference internal resistance for the new battery; and Within the charge / discharge pulse or rest window, estimation is performed using the least squares method. and SOH is updated gradually.

[0097] IV. Triggering conditions for active / passive equalization on the set of individual unit voltages :

[0098]

[0099] In the formula: The threshold for balancing; For the first The monomer releases / transfers energy; To balance channel power; (4.7) is the upper limit of the system's balanced power. It is used for energy transfer and allocation under the active balancing strategy.

[0100] V. The pre-charge and latching conditions for hot-swappable shockless connection detection during insertion are as follows:

[0101] in: This refers to the battery pack terminal voltage. Voltage difference threshold; Surge current threshold; This is for pre-charged equivalent resistance.

[0102] The intelligent energy management module is configured to identify the connection port type and load category.

[0103] The intelligent energy management module automatically identifies the load upon power-on or device insertion: for AC ports, it monitors the transient current amplitude, phase characteristics, and harmonic spectrum to determine load attributes, such as compressors, heaters, or rectifiers; for DC ports, it identifies the device type through port voltage load and device-side identification resistance or single-wire communication signals; for fast-charging ports, it obtains voltage and current requirements and device capabilities based on communication protocol handshakes. After identification, the system constructs a load priority list according to task rules, assigning medical and communication support equipment as the highest priority, lighting and computing equipment as the second highest priority, and non-critical entertainment equipment as the lowest priority. When the available power is insufficient to meet the rated power of all loads, the system prioritizes allocating sufficient power to high-priority loads and implements limited or temporarily reduced power operation for medium and low-priority loads; when input power recovers or energy storage capacity is restored, the limited power ports are gradually restored. This identification and scheduling process is periodically reviewed during operation to adapt to temporary load changes or the insertion of new devices.

[0104] I. AC Port Load Category Identification (Frequency Domain + Time Domain Hybrid Features) Acquisition of Current Waveform within the Startup Window With voltage Calculate the eigenvectors:

[0105] in: Power factor; For total harmonic distortion of current; The 3rd and 5th harmonic coefficients; The amplitude of the applied current pulse; Let be the current rise time. A nearest neighbor or linear decision classifier is used.

[0106] in: For a category set (such as inductive load, heating type, rectifier type, etc.); The weights and biases obtained during training. II. DC Port Device Identification (ID Resistor + Load Test): Port Resistance Detection. With small signal load current Cause voltage change :

[0107] in: A collection of port device templates; For the first Equivalent impedance template for similar devices.

[0108] III. Fast charging port protocol and power identification obtain the power level set through handshake. With the maximum power of the equipment Set the final scheduling limit:

[0109] in: The maximum available power that the system allocates to this port.

[0110] IV. Identifying Consistency and Misjudgment Rollback (If Continuous) The posterior probability of classification within a window is lower than the confidence threshold. :

[0111] In the formula: For the first The posterior probability of the next identification; This is the lower confidence limit.

[0112] The power generation module, energy storage module, power conversion and multi-standard output module all adopt a hot-swappable quick-connect structure, and the electrical connection is a blind-plug self-aligning connector with plug-in / plug-out status detection.

[0113] Each functional module is quickly replaceable via a rail-mounted electromechanical structure and blind-mating connectors. Guide surfaces and elastic compensation mechanisms on both sides of the rail allow modules to automatically align with the connector even when not perfectly aligned. The connector internally features contacts of varying lengths: the ground and detection contacts are longer, while the main power contacts are shorter, ensuring that the detection and ground contacts are connected first upon insertion. Upon detecting an insertion signal, the controller activates the pre-charge circuit and closes the main power device once the voltage difference reaches a threshold. Upon removal, the controller first disconnects the main power device, then removes the pre-charge path, and finally releases the mechanical latch and disconnects the detection and ground contacts, thus preventing busbar collapse and arc damage. To withstand dusty and vibrating outdoor environments, the connector contacts utilize a wear-resistant plating and elastic pin structure, and dustproof baffles and locking mechanisms are added to the outer shell to ensure reliable contact during long-term insertion and removal.

[0114] I. Hot-plug timing constraints (ground first, power later + pre-charge → main circuit closure): The insertion sequence must simultaneously satisfy current and voltage difference constraints.

[0115] in: These are the conduction times of the ground wire, signal, and main power contacts, respectively. This refers to the module terminal voltage. The threshold for pre-charge completion is set. II. Inrush current and energy limits during insertion / removal: Inrush current and energy during pre-charge must meet the following conditions:

[0116] in: Pre-charge equivalent resistance; This is the equivalent series resistance; This is the upper limit of surge current; This represents the upper limit of surge energy. III. Status Detection and Safety Lockout Insertion Detection Arrival Time Afterwards, if within the timeout period If conditions (6.1) → (6.2) are not met, then...

[0117] in: The current time; This is the timeout threshold.

[0118] The equipment supports parallel operation of multiple units for capacity expansion, and output capacity expansion is achieved through bus droop control, circulating current suppression and / or communication current sharing mechanisms.

[0119] Multiple devices achieve capacity expansion through DC parallel operation. During parallel operation, the reference value of each device's DC output voltage dips slightly with the output current, forming a natural current sharing relationship, thus achieving basic current sharing without the need for high-speed communication. To further suppress circulating current, each device can exchange low-speed current sharing information, fine-tuning its reference value or current limit point when the deviation exceeds a set threshold, resulting in a more balanced output current distribution. AC parallel operation is an optional mode, maintaining the same output frequency across multiple devices through phase and frequency synchronization control, and adjusting the output using voltage and active / reactive power outer loops. It quickly disconnects devices in case of synchronization loss or exceeding tolerance, avoiding reverse power and circulating current. The parallel control strategy remains stable during module insertion / removal, load surges, and input power fluctuations. The system can automatically derate or temporarily shut down secondary ports to maintain power supply to critical loads when necessary.

[0120] I. The relationship between the bus voltage and current of the m-th equipment under DC parallel droop control and current sharing is as follows:

[0121] Voltage consistency under parallel steady state The current is distributed as follows:

[0122] In the formula: Reference bus voltage; Let m be the sag coefficient of the m-th device; This represents the load current. The current sharing target is... If low-speed communication is introduced for fine-tuning:

[0123] in: This is a fine-tuning coefficient to suppress bias flow.

[0124] II. Circulation Suppression and Stability Constraints for Inter-device Circulation satisfy:

[0125] in: This is a combination of busbar connection and output impedance. This is the upper limit of the circulating current. It can be reduced by matching the droop factor and increasing the equivalent output impedance. .

[0126] III. AC Parallel Operation (Optional) Phase Angle / Frequency Consistency: If paralleled with AC, the following must be met:

[0127] in: These represent the phase angle, frequency, and amplitude difference between the m-th and n-th inverters, respectively. This is the threshold for parallel operation criteria.

[0128] The safety protection module includes an input / output electromagnetic interference suppression network, overvoltage / overcurrent / short circuit / reverse connection / insulation fault / surge protection circuits, and an emergency power-off mechanism.

[0129] The input side is equipped with series and parallel electromagnetic interference suppression components and transient suppression devices to reduce external interference and protect internal circuits. The output side is equipped with necessary filtering and surge absorption to reduce interference and impact on external equipment. The DC bus and each output channel are equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection. The bus circuit is equipped with reverse connection protection and insulation monitoring. Once the insulation resistance is detected to be lower than the safety threshold, the relevant circuit is cut off and an alarm is issued. The system front panel has an emergency power-off mechanism. In case of abnormalities such as casing damage, liquid intrusion, smoke, or fire, the operator can cut off all power circuits with one button, maintaining only the safety low voltage and signal power for troubleshooting and environmental handling. All protection actions are uniformly recorded in the event log, facilitating maintenance personnel to track the cause of faults and the recovery process.

[0130] I. EMI Suppression Effect and Disturbance Margin on Conducted Disturbance Voltage Specified limits Filter network transfer function satisfy:

[0131] in: For input-side harassment; The filtered spectrum; This is the standard limit curve.

[0132] II. Overvoltage / Overcurrent / Short Circuit Protection Action Threshold Definitions and Protection Action Sets:

[0133] in: This is the overvoltage threshold. SCP stands for overcurrent threshold; SCP stands for short-circuit protection. This is the rated current.

[0134] III. Insulation monitoring and surge limiting for leakage from positive and negative busbars to ground:

[0135] If external surge Acting on the input, with limitations:

[0136] in: The positive and negative busbars are insulated from ground, respectively. Minimum insulation threshold; The upper limit of surge energy (matching the SPD / TVS selection).

[0137] IV. Emergency power-off mechanism response when an emergency stop is triggered:

[0138] in: The time from triggering to cutting off; This is the maximum limit for emergency stops; The upper limit of allowed energy release (determined by load safety requirements).

[0139] The communication and human-computer interaction module includes local display and button / knob input, and includes wireless or wired interfaces for parameter configuration, operation data recording and remote operation and maintenance, and supports local autonomous operation and data caching in network outage scenarios.

[0140] The front panel of the device features a visual display interface and human-machine interface buttons or knobs, allowing users to perform operations such as selecting operating modes, setting power limits, and enabling ports on-site. The system provides both wired and wireless access methods, facilitating parameter configuration and status monitoring in different scenarios. Operating data includes input power, output power, bus voltage, battery state of charge, temperature distribution, event alarms, and port usage records. This information is synchronized to a remote maintenance platform when the network is available; when the network is unavailable, it is continuously stored locally until the network is restored and then uploaded. To adapt to potential network outages during emergency missions, the system has a built-in autonomous strategy that can autonomously manage each output port based on a predetermined priority model and power budget logic, ensuring continuous power supply to critical loads. When the network is restored or a remote control command arrives, the system switches to a joint control mode and reports the operating data and event records from the network outage period.

[0141] I. Data Recording and Cache Usage Calculation: The sampling period is Δt, and each period records a vector with a dimension of nlog (e.g., voltage, current, temperature, event code, etc.). Each item is stored in bytes b. The total cache duration is... Internal storage usage:

[0142] in: Number of bytes cached; The target cache duration.

[0143] II. Priority-Power Mapping for Network Disconnection Autonomy When the network is unavailable, the system allocates power to the ports according to local policy functions:

[0144] in: Mapping for local autonomy; The priority label for port i; To request power; The current total available power; SOC is the state of charge; T is the temperature or temperature parameter. (Function) The total power and critical load constraints are met (consistent with (6)). When the SOC is below the threshold, the low-priority ports are derated at a predetermined slope.

[0145] III. Remote / Local Consistency and Replay Verification When the network is restored, the uploaded data must be consistent with the local state:

[0146] in: This is a status / log vector (e.g., power, SOC, temperature, event sequence); This is a synchronization error tolerance. If the tolerance is exceeded, the system triggers a consistency check and retransmission.

[0147] IV. HMI Response Smoothing and Accidental Touch Prevention Limitation of the rate of change of knob / button parameter adjustment:

[0148] in: Knob angle Set the power for the user; This is the maximum slope limit, used to avoid large sudden changes caused by accidental touches. Specific Implementation Example 2: like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, further application instructions for the case are provided: At a temporary medical station in a mountainous area where the municipal power grid was completely disrupted by an earthquake, the initial external energy input consisted only of vehicle-mounted power supplies for ambulances and portable photovoltaic modules. The medical station's core loads included portable ventilators, monitors, satellite communication terminals, and emergency lighting, all requiring continuous power, and some equipment was highly sensitive to voltage stability and power outage risks. Upon arrival at the site with the portable modular emergency power generation equipment of this invention, the medical team initiated the power supply process according to a pre-set black-start strategy, even though the equipment was completely de-energized and had no external power source connected.

[0150] The internal energy storage module consists of two removable battery packs, with initial states of charge of approximately 72% and 68%, respectively. After identifying the load ports, the intelligent energy management module automatically categorizes the portable ventilator, monitor, and satellite communication equipment as high-priority power supply devices. Based on the system's set minimum black-start operating power threshold, it confirms that the energy storage module can support critical equipment for more than 40 minutes of emergency operation. Subsequently, following the black-start control sequence, the system first powers on the DC port, and then delays the activation of the AC inverter output after the bus voltage reaches the reversible threshold. No bus voltage drop or output overshoot occurred during the entire power-on process. The ventilator received a 220V / 50Hz pure sine wave output when connected to the AC port, while the monitor and satellite communication terminal were directly powered by a regulated 12V voltage and a USB-C PD fast charging port. During this stage, the energy storage module alone is sufficient to complete the continuous startup of critical loads, requiring no external energy input and no manual intervention.

[0151] Twenty minutes later, the medical team deployed the portable photovoltaic panels, with a measured irradiance of approximately 700 W / m². The photovoltaic input entered a steady state via maximum power point tracking control, with power gradually increasing to approximately 600 W. The intelligent energy management module automatically restored previously suppressed low-priority lighting loads based on instantaneous power balance, increasing the brightness of the medical point lighting and initiating a small-current recharge of the energy storage battery. During this process, the system bus voltage fluctuated within the range of 48.6V–50.8V, and the changes in photovoltaic input power did not have a measurable impact on the power supply to the ventilator and monitors.

[0152] When the rescue vehicle arrived at the scene and connected to the system via the vehicle's DC interface, the system did not interrupt the power supply to the original load. Instead, it automatically combined the vehicle input and photovoltaic input to the DC bus side. When the vehicle terminal voltage fluctuated within the range of 13.8–14.4V, the buck-boost converter and the bus voltage regulation loop worked together to prevent vehicle load changes from coupling to the medical equipment. During this stage, the total system input power reached 900–1100W, and the charging current of the energy storage battery increased to 5–6A while maintaining the operation of the medical equipment. No manual switching was performed during the entire multi-source input setup process, and no output voltage disturbances or audible / visual alarms occurred.

[0153] Subsequently, a new 300W rated portable actuator needed to be connected to the system. After the intelligent energy management module identified the load on the new AC port, the inverter module entered soft-start mode, smoothly increasing the output voltage and current within 1 second, preventing bus sags and overcurrent trips. During a brief stall period, the actuator experienced a peak current of 150%, but the inverter module maintained overload support for 5 seconds before automatically recovering, without affecting other critical equipment.

[0154] Around the third hour of operation, due to rising temperatures and prolonged operation, the internal temperature of one battery pack increased and became slightly lower than that of another module, leading to an imbalance in SOC distribution. The energy storage module's built-in battery management system automatically entered the balancing control phase, adjusting the cell voltage difference while maintaining unaffected output. When a battery pack needed to be replaced, the operator simply unplugged the battery module. The system executed a hot-swap pre-charge procedure, and after confirming that the alignment connector closure resistance and the bus voltage difference met the set range, it automatically switched to single-cell power supply mode. No restarts, power outages, or alarms occurred in the critical loads throughout the entire replacement process.

[0155] Ten hours after arriving on site, temporary mains power was restored, and the medical facility introduced external AC input. Once the system detected that the mains phase angle, frequency, and voltage all met the connection thresholds, the inverter module performed a soft connection operation at a limited slope, allowing the AC output port to naturally transition from inverter mode to mains bypass mode. During the switchover, no perceptible voltage changes were observed in the ventilators, monitors, and communication equipment. The system then prioritized using mains power to fully charge the energy storage module and used the photovoltaic input capacity to supplement lighting and backup equipment.

[0156] The entire rescue operation lasted approximately 14 hours. Before mains power was restored, the system maintained continuous power supply through a combined energy storage-photovoltaic-vehicle operation mode, without any critical load power outages, equipment disconnections, manual switching, or restarts. Even during multiple phases involving battery hot-swapping, changes in external energy sources, sudden load power fluctuations, and mains power integration, the system maintained stable output voltage and its priority strategy. The system did not rely on additional dedicated parallel control cabinets, external voltage regulators, or manual intervention, maintaining continuous operation of medical equipment at the medical station under high load and fluctuating energy levels, thus ensuring the continuity and predictability of emergency medical rescue operations.

[0157] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0158] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular portable emergency power generator adaptable to power multiple devices, characterized in that: It includes the following components: power generation module, energy storage module, power conversion and multi-mode output module, intelligent energy management module, communication and human-machine interaction module, safety protection module, and portable assembly structure; Both the power generation module and the energy storage module are connected to the power conversion and multi-system output module via a DC bus; The power conversion and multi-standard output module includes an inverter unit, a DC-DC converter unit, and a fast charging unit, which are used to output AC pure sine wave voltage, regulated isolated DC voltage, and protocol self-adaptive fast charging voltage, respectively. The intelligent energy management module is electrically connected to the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and multi-standard output module, and is used to perform load identification, protocol self-adaptation, power budget and priority scheduling, black start control, and grid-connected / off-grid mode switching. The portable assembly structure uses quick-connect rails and positioning structures to enable rapid assembly and replacement of the power generation module, energy storage module, and power conversion and output module, so as to achieve parallel and stable power supply to the terminal equipment.

2. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inverter unit of the power conversion and multi-mode output module outputs a pure sine wave of AC 220V / 50Hz and has soft start and time-limited overload support. The DC-DC converter unit provides 12V and / or 24V regulated and isolated output; The fast charging unit provides USB-CPD and USB-AQC outputs and completes voltage / current negotiation through protocol self-adaptation.

3. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation module includes a photovoltaic input unit, a mains input unit, and a vehicle input unit. The photovoltaic input unit is connected to the DC bus via maximum power point tracking control. The mains input unit is connected via an isolated AC / DC converter. The vehicle input unit is connected via a DC / DC buck-boost converter.

4. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage module is a detachable battery pack structure with a built-in battery management system (BMS), which supports series and parallel capacity expansion and hot-swapping, and has online SOC and SOH estimation and equalization management.

5. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent energy management module is configured to identify the connection port type and load category.

6. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation module, energy storage module, power conversion and multi-mode output module all adopt a hot-swappable quick-connect structure, and the electrical connection is a blind-plug self-aligning connector with plug-in / plug-out status detection.

7. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device supports parallel operation of multiple units for capacity expansion, and output capacity expansion is achieved through bus droop control, circulating current suppression and / or communication current sharing mechanisms.

8. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety protection module includes an input / output electromagnetic interference suppression network, overvoltage / overcurrent / short circuit / reverse connection / insulation fault / surge protection circuits, and an emergency power-off mechanism.

9. The modular emergency portable power generation device adaptable to powering multiple devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication and human-computer interaction module includes local display and button / knob input, and includes wireless or wired interfaces for parameter configuration, operation data recording and remote operation and maintenance, and supports local autonomous operation and data caching in network outage scenarios.

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