Adjustable photovoltaic system construction method based on mountain positioning photovoltaic support

Abstract

The application discloses a mountainous positioning photovoltaic support adjustable photovoltaic system construction method, and relates to the photovoltaic system construction field; including mountainous site investigation and topographic modeling, collecting topographic data to construct a digital model, planning an array and a construction path; photovoltaic support foundation positioning and cast-in-place pile construction, drilling and pouring maintenance after GPS positioning, and the construction quality meets relevant standards; the adjustable support main body is installed in sequence, specified steel is adopted and is subjected to corrosion protection treatment, and perpendicularity and levelness are corrected; support angle initial adjustment and horizontal calibration, the angle is adjusted in combination with the topography and irradiation data; the photovoltaic module is fixed to the support, special fasteners and gaskets are configured, and reasonable gaps are reserved. The application is adapted to complex mountainous topography, construction efficiency is improved through accurate modeling and path planning, stability is guaranteed by optimizing foundation construction and support angle adjustment, operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and long-term stable and efficient operation of the system is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic system construction technology, and in particular to a construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, photovoltaic power generation projects are gradually expanding to unused land such as mountainous areas. The agro-photovoltaic complementary model, which balances ecological protection and energy production, has become the mainstream form of photovoltaic development in mountainous areas. Mountainous terrain is characterized by varied slopes, large altitude differences, and complex soil types, placing stringent requirements on the terrain adaptability, foundation stability, and support adjustment precision of photovoltaic system construction. Existing photovoltaic systems are mostly designed for plains terrain, and construction methods are difficult to directly apply to mountainous scenarios, resulting in low project construction efficiency and inconsistent project quality, thus hindering the large-scale development of photovoltaic power in mountainous areas.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic (PV) construction technologies for mountainous areas suffer from several prominent problems. In terms of foundation construction, the mechanical properties of mountain soils vary greatly, with some areas containing rock interlayers or soft soil layers. Traditional cast-in-place pile construction lacks a targeted bearing capacity verification mechanism, relying solely on fixed parameters, which can easily lead to insufficient pile bearing capacity or over-design, affecting the long-term stability of the system. Regarding support installation, traditional supports are mostly designed with fixed angles, unable to flexibly adjust according to changes in slope aspect, gradient, and solar irradiance, resulting in uneven light distribution to PV modules and limited power generation efficiency. Even with some adjustable supports, angle adjustments largely rely on manual experience, lacking scientific solar trajectory calculation and terrain compensation mechanisms, resulting in insufficient adjustment precision.

[0004] In terms of construction organization and quality control, the complex mountainous terrain leads to unreasonable construction route planning, difficulties in equipment access and material transportation, and a high risk of safety accidents. The lack of precise positioning technology for component installation results in significant installation deviations, affecting the electrical connections and structural stability of the overall system. Furthermore, existing construction methods lack a comprehensive quality traceability system, leading to incomplete data records during construction and making it difficult to troubleshoot the root causes of faults during later operation and maintenance. In addition, the complex mountain climate, with low temperatures and snow accumulation in winter, easily affects construction quality, and existing construction methods lack targeted protective measures, further exacerbating potential engineering risks. These technical shortcomings result in long construction cycles, high costs, and lower-than-expected power generation efficiency for mountainous photovoltaic projects, and the long-term safety and reliability are difficult to guarantee. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a photovoltaic system construction method that adapts to the characteristics of mountainous terrain and balances construction efficiency and project quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect site topographic data, including slope, aspect, altitude and soil type, by combining drone aerial photography and ground surveying. Use 3D modeling software to build a digital topographic model of the site, mark unsuitable construction areas and pile foundation avoidance points. Combine the power of 635Wp photovoltaic modules, the structural parameters of 2×13 single array support and the solar radiation distribution pattern of the site to plan the photovoltaic array layout scheme and construction path. S2. Based on the digital terrain model and array layout scheme, GPS positioning technology is used to determine the center position of each cast-in-place pile foundation. Holes are drilled according to design requirements and the slag inside the holes is cleaned. C30 concrete and HRB400 grade steel bars are used to make a steel cage. After the steel cage is hoisted into the hole, concrete is continuously poured. During the curing period, the verticality of the pile body and the settlement of the surrounding soil are monitored. The construction quality of the pile foundation meets the acceptance standard for construction quality of building foundation engineering GB50202-2018. S3. The columns, main beams and purlins are made of Q235B / Q355B steel and are hot-dip galvanized to ensure corrosion resistance. The main body of the support is installed in the order of first the columns, then the main beams and then the purlins. The columns and the cast-in-place piles are connected by pre-embedded steel plates and M16 fasteners. The main beams and columns are connected by welding or clamps. The weld leg size is not less than 3mm. The verticality and horizontality of the support are corrected in real time during the installation process. S4. Based on site slope and solar irradiance data, the tilt angle of the main beam is adjusted by the adjustable hinge at the top of the support. The horizontal deviation of the support is detected by a level and a laser rangefinder. The horizontal deviation of the crossbeam is controlled within the design allowable range. The deviation of the spacing between adjacent purlins does not exceed the specified limit. The purlin spacing is precisely arranged according to the size of the photovoltaic module to ensure that the module installation surface is flat. S5. Photovoltaic module installation and fixing: hoist the photovoltaic modules to the bracket mounting surface, connect them to the bracket purlins with M8 grade SUS304 fasteners, place 304 gaskets at the contact points between the module frame and the bracket, leave a reasonable gap between adjacent modules, check the flatness of the module installation after tightening, and avoid the modules from warping or loosening. S6. By combining the real-time solar altitude angle and terrain slope, the bracket angle is finely adjusted to maximize the light-receiving surface of the component. Tensile gauges and strain gauges are used to detect the stress at the bracket connection to ensure that the load distribution of each node is uniform and meets the structural safety level requirements. S7. Connect the photovoltaic modules, inverters and combiner boxes according to the electrical design scheme. The inverters are fixed to the photovoltaic support columns by special brackets. The distance between multiple inverters installed side by side should not be less than 800mm. After the wiring is completed, perform insulation test and grounding resistance test. Start the system for trial operation and monitor the power generation efficiency and equipment operating status.

[0007] Furthermore, it includes a dynamic verification step of the foundation bearing capacity. This step is carried out after the cast-in-place piles have been cured. Actual bearing capacity data of the pile foundation is collected through on-site load tests. Combined with the slope of the mountainous terrain and soil mechanical parameters, the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation is calculated to determine whether it meets the long-term operation requirements of the photovoltaic system. The calculation expression for the bearing capacity verification is as follows: ,in The actual effective bearing capacity of the pile foundation is given by d, where d is the diameter of the cast-in-place pile. This is the design value of the axial compressive strength of concrete. Here, α represents the soil lateral friction coefficient, and α represents the actual slope angle of the site. This is the sum of the self-weight of the pile foundation and the support structure. Based on the horizontal load generated by the local 50-year return period wind pressure, the calculation results determine whether the pile foundation needs to be reinforced by increasing the diameter or adding reinforcement to ensure the stability and reliability of the foundation bearing capacity.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a construction path optimization step, which, based on the digital terrain model and construction equipment parameters, employs an improved A / B algorithm. The algorithm plans the optimal construction path, avoiding complex terrains such as steep slopes and gullies. During the path planning process, it comprehensively considers equipment accessibility, material transportation efficiency, and construction safety distance. The optimized path generates a visual construction route map that includes equipment access width and material stacking area markings. It also marks the construction sequence and work scope of key nodes and sets up emergency avoidance passages to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel during construction and improve construction efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the initial adjustment of the bracket angle also includes terrain slope compensation adjustment. In response to the slope differences in different mountainous areas, the actual slope data of each bracket installation point is collected by slope sensors. Combined with the optimal tilt angle range of the photovoltaic modules, the bracket angles of different areas are adjusted differently. In areas with larger slopes, the bracket tilt angle compensation value is appropriately increased to ensure that the light-receiving angle of each module in the same photovoltaic array is consistent, thereby reducing the impact of terrain differences on power generation efficiency. After adjustment, a total station is used to detect the tilt angle deviation of each bracket to ensure that the deviation is within the design allowable range.

[0010] Furthermore, the process includes a component installation accuracy control step. This step uses visual positioning technology to assist in the installation of photovoltaic modules. A high-definition camera mounted on the bracket captures images of the module installation position and compares them with a preset installation benchmark image. The horizontal, vertical, and angular deviations of the module installation are calculated in real time. The installation position is adjusted by voice prompts to the construction personnel. At the same time, the installation accuracy data of each module is recorded. The alignment deviation of the module edge is controlled within the design requirements, and the gap between adjacent modules remains uniform and meets the ventilation and heat dissipation requirements, ensuring that the module installation quality meets the design standards.

[0011] Furthermore, the construction process also includes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment steps. By installing vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and stress sensors at key nodes of the support structure, vibration amplitude, ambient temperature, and structural stress data are collected in real time during the construction process. The data is transmitted to the background monitoring system for analysis and processing. When the stress exceeds the safety threshold or the vibration amplitude is abnormal, construction is immediately suspended and the cause is analyzed. Targeted measures such as adjusting the construction sequence, adding temporary supports, or reinforcing the support nodes are taken. Construction can only continue after the parameters return to normal, ensuring the safety of the support structure during the construction process.

[0012] Furthermore, the fine-tuning of the support angle also includes adaptive calculation of the solar trajectory. Based on the latitude, longitude, altitude, and seasonal variations of the project location, a calculation model for the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle is established. This model is then combined with real-time meteorological data to dynamically adjust the optimal tilt angle of the support. The tilt angle calculation expression is as follows: ,in The optimal tilt angle for the support is given by δ, where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the latitude of the project location, ω is the solar hour angle, and β is the site slope angle. The terrain correction coefficient is used to precisely adjust the bracket angle based on the calculation results, maximizing the solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic modules and increasing the power generation per unit area.

[0013] Furthermore, it includes winter construction protection measures. These measures are designed for harsh environments. Before construction, snow is cleared from the site and anti-slip mats are laid. Thermal insulation and curing measures are taken for the cast-in-place pile concrete. Before the support is installed, frost is removed from the surface of the components. Fasteners are coated with low-temperature grease to prevent freezing. During construction, changes in ambient temperature are monitored. Welding operations are stopped when the temperature drops below -5°C. The welded components are preheated and installed only after the component temperature reaches the specified requirements. These measures ensure construction quality and personnel safety in low-temperature environments.

[0014] Furthermore, the system commissioning and operation steps also include multi-array collaborative optimization, synchronous commissioning of multiple photovoltaic arrays in the same area, detection of the consistency of output voltage and current of each array, achieving balanced power distribution among arrays by adjusting inverter operating parameters, simulating system operation under different light intensities and load conditions, recording key parameters such as maximum system output power and conversion efficiency, comparing the differences between design values ​​and actual values, and optimizing the bracket tilt angle and electrical wiring tightness in a targeted manner to eliminate potential power loss risks and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0015] Furthermore, it includes a construction quality traceability step, which assigns a unique identifier code to each construction stage, records information such as construction personnel, equipment models, material batches, construction time, and testing data, and uses blockchain technology to store construction quality data to ensure immutability, forming a complete construction quality traceability chain. In the later operation and maintenance process, the construction information of the corresponding stage can be queried through the identifier code, which facilitates fault diagnosis and maintenance, and provides traceable data reference for the optimization of construction technology and quality control of similar photovoltaic projects in mountainous terrain in the future.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention, through multi-stage technological innovation and process optimization, comprehensively addresses the pain points of existing construction methods in terms of terrain adaptation, foundation stability, angle adjustment, construction efficiency, and quality control, significantly improving the construction quality, operational stability, and power generation efficiency of mountain photovoltaic projects, and possesses outstanding technical advantages and application value.

[0017] Regarding terrain adaptability and construction efficiency, this invention utilizes a combination of drone aerial photography and ground surveying to construct a digital terrain model, accurately planning photovoltaic arrays and construction paths. This effectively avoids unsuitable construction areas and reduces the constraints of mountainous terrain on construction. The construction path optimization step combines equipment parameters and terrain conditions to plan the optimal passage route and material storage area, reducing equipment wear and transportation costs. Emergency avoidance passages are also provided to improve the safety and smoothness of the construction process. Addressing the slope differences in different mountainous areas, slope sensors collect data and perform differentiated angle compensation adjustments to ensure consistent light-receiving angles for components within the same array, significantly improving terrain adaptability.

[0018] Regarding foundation stability and structural safety, the dynamic verification step for foundation bearing capacity accurately assesses the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation through on-site load tests and mechanical calculations, and takes targeted reinforcement measures to avoid insufficient bearing capacity or over-design, ensuring the structural safety of the photovoltaic system for long-term operation. The real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment step during construction collects data such as vibration and stress through sensors to promptly identify and address potential construction hazards, preventing structural damage. The winter construction protection step implements specific protective measures for harsh environments such as low temperatures and snow accumulation, ensuring construction quality and personnel safety under special climatic conditions, and broadening the environmental adaptability of the construction.

[0019] Regarding improved power generation efficiency, the bracket angle fine-tuning process combines solar trajectory calculations with real-time meteorological data to dynamically optimize the bracket tilt angle, maximizing the light-receiving area of ​​the modules and significantly improving system power generation efficiency. Compared to traditional brackets with fixed angles or adjustments based on experience, this method's angle adjustment is more scientific and precise, effectively compensating for the uneven light reception caused by mountainous terrain and fully tapping the power generation potential of photovoltaic modules.

[0020] In terms of quality control and ease of operation and maintenance, the component installation precision control step utilizes visual positioning technology to assist installation, ensuring that components are installed flat and with uniform gaps, thereby improving the electrical connection reliability and structural stability of the overall system. The construction quality traceability step uses unique identification codes and blockchain technology to fully record key information at each construction stage, achieving full traceability of construction quality and facilitating later troubleshooting and maintenance. The multi-array collaborative optimization step optimizes the operating parameters of each array during the commissioning phase, achieving balanced power distribution, reducing power loss, and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0021] This invention achieves the organic unity of terrain adaptation, foundation stability, angle optimization, construction safety and quality control in mountain photovoltaic construction, effectively shortening the construction cycle, reducing construction costs, improving system power generation efficiency and long-term operational reliability, adapting to the construction needs of photovoltaic projects in various mountainous terrains, providing reliable technical support for the large-scale and high-quality development of mountain photovoltaics, and has broad prospects for promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket proposed in this invention; Figure 2 Grouped bar charts comparing the construction cycles of photovoltaic systems under different terrains; Figure 3 Line graph showing the trend of the bearing capacity stability of photovoltaic support foundation over time; Figure 4 A scatter plot comparing the uniformity of light reception of photovoltaic modules under different slopes; Figure 5 A horizontal bar chart comparing the quality pass rates of different construction stages. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Reference Figures 1 to 5 A construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket, comprising: S1. Collect site topographic data, including slope, aspect, altitude and soil type, by combining drone aerial photography and ground surveying. Use 3D modeling software to build a digital topographic model of the site, mark unsuitable construction areas and pile foundation avoidance points. Combine the power of 635Wp photovoltaic modules, the structural parameters of 2×13 single array support and the solar radiation distribution pattern of the site to plan the photovoltaic array layout scheme and construction path. S2. Based on the digital terrain model and array layout scheme, GPS positioning technology is used to determine the center position of each cast-in-place pile foundation. Holes are drilled according to design requirements and the slag inside the holes is cleaned. C30 concrete and HRB400 grade steel bars are used to make a steel cage. After the steel cage is hoisted into the hole, concrete is continuously poured. During the curing period, the verticality of the pile body and the settlement of the surrounding soil are monitored. The construction quality of the pile foundation meets the acceptance standard for construction quality of building foundation engineering GB50202-2018. S3. The columns, main beams and purlins are made of Q235B / Q355B steel and are hot-dip galvanized to ensure corrosion resistance. The main body of the support is installed in the order of first the columns, then the main beams and then the purlins. The columns and the cast-in-place piles are connected by pre-embedded steel plates and M16 fasteners. The main beams and columns are connected by welding or clamps. The weld leg size is not less than 3mm. The verticality and horizontality of the support are corrected in real time during the installation process. S4. Based on site slope and solar irradiance data, the tilt angle of the main beam is adjusted by the adjustable hinge at the top of the support. The horizontal deviation of the support is detected by a level and a laser rangefinder. The horizontal deviation of the crossbeam is controlled within the design allowable range. The deviation of the spacing between adjacent purlins does not exceed the specified limit. The purlin spacing is precisely arranged according to the size of the photovoltaic module to ensure that the module installation surface is flat. S5. Photovoltaic module installation and fixing: hoist the photovoltaic modules to the bracket mounting surface, connect them to the bracket purlins with M8 grade SUS304 fasteners, place 304 gaskets at the contact points between the module frame and the bracket, leave a reasonable gap between adjacent modules, check the flatness of the module installation after tightening, and avoid the modules from warping or loosening. S6. By combining the real-time solar altitude angle and terrain slope, the bracket angle is finely adjusted to maximize the light-receiving surface of the component. Tensile gauges and strain gauges are used to detect the stress at the bracket connection to ensure that the load distribution of each node is uniform and meets the structural safety level requirements. S7. Connect the photovoltaic modules, inverters and combiner boxes according to the electrical design scheme. The inverters are fixed to the photovoltaic support columns by special brackets. The distance between multiple inverters installed side by side should not be less than 800mm. After the wiring is completed, perform insulation test and grounding resistance test. Start the system for trial operation and monitor the power generation efficiency and equipment operating status.

[0027] This invention also includes a dynamic verification step for the foundation bearing capacity. This step is performed after the cast-in-place piles have been cured. Actual bearing capacity data of the pile foundation is collected through on-site load tests. Combined with the slope of the mountainous terrain and soil mechanical parameters, the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation is calculated to determine whether it meets the long-term operational requirements of the photovoltaic system. The calculation expression for the bearing capacity verification is as follows: ,in The actual effective bearing capacity of the pile foundation is given by d, where d is the diameter of the cast-in-place pile. This is the design value of the axial compressive strength of concrete. Here, α represents the soil lateral friction coefficient, and α represents the actual slope angle of the site. This is the sum of the self-weight of the pile foundation and the support structure. Based on the horizontal load generated by the local 50-year return period wind pressure, the calculation results determine whether the pile foundation needs to be reinforced by increasing the diameter or adding reinforcement to ensure the stability and reliability of the foundation bearing capacity.

[0028] This invention also includes a construction path optimization step, which is based on a digital terrain model and construction equipment parameters, and employs an improved A / B model. The algorithm plans the optimal construction path, avoiding complex terrains such as steep slopes and gullies. During the path planning process, it comprehensively considers equipment accessibility, material transportation efficiency, and construction safety distance. The optimized path generates a visual construction route map that includes equipment access width and material stacking area markings. It also marks the construction sequence and work scope of key nodes and sets up emergency avoidance passages to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel during construction and improve construction efficiency.

[0029] In this invention, the initial adjustment step of the bracket angle also includes terrain slope compensation adjustment. In view of the slope differences in different areas of the mountain, the actual slope data of each bracket installation point is collected by a slope sensor. Combined with the optimal tilt angle range of the photovoltaic module, the bracket angle of different areas is adjusted differently. In areas with larger slopes, the bracket tilt angle compensation value is appropriately increased to ensure that the light-receiving angle of each module in the same photovoltaic array is consistent, thereby reducing the impact of terrain differences on power generation efficiency. After adjustment, a total station is used to detect the tilt angle deviation of each bracket to ensure that the deviation is within the design allowable range.

[0030] This invention also includes a component installation accuracy control step. This step uses visual positioning technology to assist in the installation of photovoltaic modules. A high-definition camera mounted on the bracket collects images of the module installation position and compares them with a preset installation reference image. The horizontal, vertical, and angular deviations of the module installation are calculated in real time. The installation position is adjusted by voice prompts to the construction personnel. At the same time, the installation accuracy data of each module is recorded. The alignment deviation of the module edge is controlled within the design requirements, and the gap between adjacent modules remains uniform and meets the ventilation and heat dissipation requirements, ensuring that the module installation quality meets the design standards.

[0031] In this invention, the construction process also includes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment steps. By installing vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and stress sensors at key nodes of the support, vibration amplitude, ambient temperature, and structural stress data are collected in real time during the construction process. The data is transmitted to the background monitoring system for analysis and processing. When the stress exceeds the safety threshold or the vibration amplitude is abnormal, construction is immediately suspended and the cause is analyzed. Targeted measures such as adjusting the construction sequence, adding temporary supports, or reinforcing the support nodes are taken. Construction can continue after the parameters return to normal, ensuring the safety of the support structure during the construction process.

[0032] In this invention, the fine-tuning step of the support angle also includes adaptive calculation of the solar trajectory. Based on the latitude, longitude, altitude, and seasonal variation patterns of the project location, a calculation model for the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle is established. Combined with real-time meteorological data, the optimal tilt angle of the support is dynamically adjusted. The tilt angle calculation expression is as follows: ,in The optimal tilt angle for the support is given by δ, where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the latitude of the project location, ω is the solar hour angle, and β is the site slope angle. The terrain correction coefficient is used to precisely adjust the bracket angle based on the calculation results, maximizing the solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic modules and increasing the power generation per unit area.

[0033] This invention also includes winter construction protection steps. These steps are designed for harsh environments such as low temperatures and snow accumulation in mountainous winters. Before construction, the site is cleared of snow and anti-slip mats are laid. Thermal insulation and curing measures are taken for the cast-in-place pile concrete. Before the support is installed, frost is removed from the surface of the components. Fasteners are coated with low-temperature grease to prevent freezing. During construction, changes in ambient temperature are monitored. Welding operations are stopped when the temperature drops below -5°C. The welded components are preheated. The components are installed only after the temperature reaches the specified requirements, ensuring construction quality and personnel safety in low-temperature environments.

[0034] In this invention, the system commissioning and operation steps also include multi-array collaborative optimization, synchronously commissioning multiple photovoltaic arrays in the same area, detecting the consistency of output voltage and current of each array, achieving balanced power distribution among arrays by adjusting inverter operating parameters, simulating system operation under different light intensities and load conditions, recording key parameters such as maximum system output power and conversion efficiency, comparing the differences between design values ​​and actual values, and specifically optimizing the bracket tilt angle and electrical wiring tightness to eliminate potential power loss risks and ensure the stable and efficient operation of the entire photovoltaic system.

[0035] This invention also includes a construction quality traceability step, in which a unique identifier code is assigned to each construction stage, recording information such as construction personnel, equipment models, material batches, construction time, and testing data. Blockchain technology is used to store construction quality data to ensure immutability, forming a complete construction quality traceability chain. During later operation and maintenance, the construction information of the corresponding stage can be queried through the identifier code, facilitating fault diagnosis and maintenance, and providing traceable data reference for the optimization of construction technology and quality control of similar photovoltaic projects in mountainous terrain.

[0036] The following two examples further illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention: Example 1: Construction of a photovoltaic system integrating agriculture and solar power in mountainous terrain This embodiment is applied to a photovoltaic power generation project in a mountainous area of ​​Yunnan Province that integrates agriculture and photovoltaics. The site is mainly composed of silty clay with some loose soil layers. The slope ranges from 15° to 30°, and the altitude difference is 200 meters. The plan is to install 2×13 single-array adjustable photovoltaic brackets and match them with 635Wp photovoltaic modules. It is necessary to adapt to the terrain differences, ensure the stability of the foundation and the uniform light received by the modules, and achieve efficient construction and long-term reliable operation.

[0037] During the site survey and terrain modeling phase in mountainous areas, a combination of drone aerial photography and ground surveying was used to collect site data. Drones were used for full-coverage photography at a flight altitude of 50 meters, while ground surveying focused on detecting soil type, soil layer thickness, and the distribution of underground pipelines, collecting key parameters such as slope, aspect, and altitude. A digital terrain model was constructed using 3D modeling software, marking three areas with soft soil layers and two underground pipeline avoidance points. Based on the component dimensions of 2465×1343×30mm, weight of 34.6kg, and support structure parameters, the photovoltaic array was planned to be arranged along contour lines with a row spacing of 3 meters and a column spacing of 2.5 meters. Two main equipment access routes and three material transport branch lines were designed to avoid steep slopes and unsuitable construction areas.

[0038] During the photovoltaic support foundation positioning and cast-in-place pile construction phases, GPS positioning technology was used to determine the center position of each cast-in-place pile foundation based on the digital terrain model and array layout scheme, with positioning deviations controlled within the design allowable range. Holes were drilled according to design requirements, with a diameter of 300mm and a depth of 1.5 meters for silty clay layers and 2 meters for soft soil layers. After drilling, high-pressure water jets were used to clean the debris from the holes. A reinforcing cage was constructed using C30 concrete and HRB400 grade steel bars. The main reinforcement bars in the cage had a diameter of 12mm, and the stirrup spacing was 200mm. The reinforcing cage was then hoisted into the hole, and concrete was continuously poured at a rate controlled at 0.5m / min to prevent segregation.

[0039] During the curing period, the verticality of the piles was monitored daily, and the deviation was checked using a laser plumb line to ensure it did not exceed the design limit. Simultaneously, the settlement of the surrounding soil was monitored. Bearing capacity testing was conducted 14 days after curing. A dynamic verification of the foundation bearing capacity was implemented concurrently. Three sets of actual pile bearing capacity data were collected through on-site load tests. Combined with parameters such as the actual site slope angle of 25°, soil side friction coefficient of 1.2, and the design value of concrete axial compressive strength of 14.3 N / mm², the bearing capacity was calculated. The verification calculation expression is as follows: Substituting the parameter d=0.3m, =14.3 N / mm², =1.2, α=25°, =80kN total self-weight of pile foundation and support =12kN, the horizontal load generated by the 50-year return period wind pressure is calculated to be approximately 65012N, which meets the design load requirements and requires no additional reinforcement.

[0040] During the main installation phase of the adjustable support structure, the columns, main beams, and purlins are made of Q355B steel, and all components are hot-dip galvanized. The columns are installed in the following order: first the columns, then the main beams, and finally the purlins. The column model is C175×110×35×3.0, and it is connected to the cast-in-place piles via pre-embedded steel plates and M16-grade 8.8 fasteners. After tightening, 2-3 threads of the nut are exposed.

[0041] The main beam and columns are connected by clamps, with some areas using welding. The weld leg is 3mm, and the welding quality meets the Class II weld standard. During installation, a theodolite is used to correct the verticality of the columns, and a level is used to check the horizontality of the main beam, ensuring that the deviation is controlled within the design allowable range.

[0042] During the initial adjustment and leveling stage of the support frame, based on the south-facing slope of the site and solar irradiance data, the tilt angle of the main beam is adjusted through the adjustable hinge at the top of the support frame. Slope sensors are used to collect actual slope data at each support frame installation point, and differentiated angle compensation is applied to different slope areas of 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°. For every 5° increase in slope, the tilt angle compensation value increases by 1°, ensuring that the light-receiving angle of each component within the same photovoltaic array is consistent.

[0043] The horizontal deviation of the bracket is detected by using a level and a laser rangefinder. The horizontal deviation of the crossbeam is controlled within the design allowable range. The purlin spacing is precisely arranged at 1343mm according to the component size to ensure that the component installation surface is flat.

[0044] During the photovoltaic module installation and fixing phase, a crane is used in conjunction with manual labor to lift the modules to the mounting surface of the bracket, avoiding damage to the module edges and corners. M8-grade SUS304 fasteners are used to connect the modules to the bracket purlins. 304 shims are placed at the contact points between the module frame and the bracket, and a 10mm gap is maintained between adjacent modules for ventilation and heat dissipation. After tightening, a laser rangefinder is used to check the flatness of the module installation, ensuring there is no warping or loosening, and that the alignment deviation of the module edges is controlled within the design requirements.

[0045] During the bracket angle fine-tuning and stress detection phase, the optimal tilt angle of the bracket is adjusted through adaptive calculation of the solar trajectory, taking into account the real-time solar altitude angle and terrain slope. The tilt angle calculation expression is as follows: Substituting the parameters δ=23.5° solar declination angle, φ=24° project location latitude, ω=12° solar hour angle, and β=25° site slope angle, =0.9 terrain correction factor, calculated as follows =≈67.2°, and the bracket angle was precisely adjusted according to the calculation results.

[0046] Tensile gauges and strain gauges were used to detect the stress at the connection points of the support to ensure that the load distribution at each node was uniform.

[0047] During the system wiring and commissioning phase, the photovoltaic modules, inverters, and combiner boxes were connected according to the electrical design scheme. The inverters were fixed to the photovoltaic support columns using dedicated brackets, with two inverters installed side-by-side at a distance of 850mm. After wiring was completed, insulation testing was performed. The insulation resistance value met the design requirements, and the grounding resistance value was less than 4Ω.

[0048] The system was started for trial operation, and the consistency of output voltage and current of each array was monitored. Power balance was achieved by adjusting the inverter operating parameters. The system was continuously tested for 72 hours, and the power generation efficiency and equipment operating status were recorded to meet the design standards.

[0049] Table 1: Comparison of Photovoltaic Construction Effects in Mountainous Soil Topography Table 1 shows the construction advantages of this invention in mountainous soil terrain. Traditional construction methods fail to adjust foundation parameters according to soil differences, resulting in low foundation qualification rates. Fixed support angles lead to uneven sunlight exposure, and unreasonable construction path planning prolongs the construction period. This invention ensures foundation stability through terrain modeling and bearing capacity verification, improves sunlight uniformity through differential angle compensation and solar trajectory calculation, shortens the cycle through optimized construction paths, reduces maintenance failure rates through full-process quality control, and significantly increases power generation per unit area, making it fully suitable for the construction needs of agricultural-solar complementary projects in mountainous soil terrain.

[0050] Example 2: Construction of Photovoltaic System in Mountainous Rock Interlayer Topography This embodiment is applied to another mountain photovoltaic power generation project. The site has local rock interlayers, with a slope range of 20°-35°. The soil type is a mixture of sandy loam and rock. The plan is to install 2×13 single array adjustable photovoltaic brackets. It is necessary to solve problems such as foundation construction in rock interlayers, path planning in complex terrain, and protection against low temperature construction in winter, so as to ensure the construction quality and long-term operational stability of the system.

[0051] During the mountain site survey and terrain modeling stage, data was collected by combining drone aerial photography and ground drilling. After drone full-coverage photography, ground drilling was conducted in suspected rock areas to determine the distribution range and thickness of rock interlayers and to collect parameters such as slope, aspect, altitude, and soil and rock distribution.

[0052] A digital terrain model was constructed using 3D modeling software, marking 5 rock interlayer areas and 4 steep slope avoidance points. Based on the parameters of the components and supports, the photovoltaic array was planned to be arranged in sections according to the terrain. The array spacing in the rock interlayer area was increased to 3.5 meters, and 3 equipment passage paths were designed. A stepped path design was adopted to adapt to the 35° steep slope terrain.

[0053] Construction path optimization steps were implemented simultaneously, based on digital terrain models and construction equipment parameters, using an improved A / B model. The algorithm plans the optimal construction path, with a path width of 4 meters designed according to equipment size. It marks the material storage areas and temporary work platform locations, and sets up two emergency escape routes. The optimized path generates a visual construction route map, clearly defining the equipment passage sequence and material transportation time windows, avoiding rock layers and steep slopes, improving equipment passage and material transportation efficiency, and reducing safety risks.

[0054] During the photovoltaic support foundation positioning and cast-in-place pile construction phases, GPS positioning technology was used to determine the center position of each cast-in-place pile foundation based on the digital terrain model and array layout scheme. For areas with rock interlayers, diamond drill bits were used to drill holes with a diameter of 200mm and a depth designed for a rock embedment depth of 1.1 meters, with a minimum embedment depth of 0.2 meters. In sandy loam areas, the hole diameter was 300mm and the hole depth was 1.5 meters. After drilling, the debris and rock cuttings inside the holes were cleaned. A reinforcing cage was constructed using C30 concrete and HRB400 grade steel bars. The main reinforcing bars of the cage had a diameter of 18mm, and the stirrup spacing was 200mm. After being hoisted into the hole, concrete was continuously poured. High-frequency vibration was used to ensure compaction in rock interlayer areas. During the curing period, the verticality of the piles and the settlement of the surrounding soil were monitored. Bearing capacity testing was conducted after 21 days of curing.

[0055] During the main installation phase of the adjustable support system, the columns, main beams, and purlins are made of Q235B steel and hot-dip galvanized to ensure corrosion resistance. The columns are installed first, then the main beams, and finally the purlins. The columns are C165×100×30×2.2 and are connected to the cast-in-place piles via embedded steel plates and M16 fasteners. The main beams and columns are welded together with a 3mm weld bead. Rust removal is performed on the components before welding, and weld slag is removed after welding. The verticality and horizontality of the support system are continuously checked during installation, and a laser rangefinder is used to ensure that the spacing deviation of the main beams does not exceed the design limit.

[0056] During the initial angle adjustment and level calibration phase of the support structure, the tilt angle of the main beam is adjusted using adjustable hinges based on site slope and solar irradiance data. Slope sensors are used to collect actual slope data at each support installation point, and differentiated angle compensation is applied for different slope areas of 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35° to ensure consistent light reception angles for all modules within the same photovoltaic array. A level and laser rangefinder are used to detect horizontal deviations in the support structure, controlling the horizontal deviation of the crossbeams within the design tolerances. Purlin spacing is precisely arranged according to module dimensions to ensure a flat installation surface for the modules.

[0057] During the photovoltaic module installation and fixing phase, a crane is used in conjunction with manual lifting to move the modules. 304 stainless steel shims are placed at the contact points between the module frame and the support frame. The modules are then connected to the support purlins using M8-grade SUS304 fasteners. After tightening, the module installation flatness is checked to prevent warping or loosening, and a 10mm gap is maintained between adjacent modules. Module installation accuracy control steps are implemented simultaneously. High-definition cameras mounted on the support frame capture images of the module installation position, which are compared with preset installation reference images. Horizontal, vertical, and angular deviations are calculated in real time, and adjustments are made by voice prompts to the construction personnel. The installation accuracy data for each module is recorded.

[0058] During the bracket angle fine-tuning and stress detection phase, the optimal tilt angle of the bracket is adjusted by adaptive calculation of the solar trajectory, taking into account the real-time solar altitude angle and terrain slope. The tilt angle calculation expression is the same as in Example 1. Substituting parameters such as the project location latitude of 30°, solar declination angle of 20°, solar hour angle of 10°, site slope angle of 30°, and terrain correction coefficient of 0.95, the result is obtained. The bracket angle was precisely adjusted according to the calculation results. Tensile gauges and strain gauges were used to detect the stress at the bracket connections to ensure uniform load distribution at each node and meet structural safety requirements.

[0059] During the winter construction protection phase, considering the low-temperature environment in mountainous areas, snow was cleared from the site and anti-slip mats were laid before construction. The concrete for the cast-in-place piles was covered with insulating blankets for curing. Before installation, frost was removed from the surface of the components, and fasteners were coated with low-temperature grease to prevent freezing. Ambient temperature changes were monitored during construction. Welding operations were stopped when the temperature dropped below -5°C, and the welded components were preheated until the component temperature reached 15°C before installation, ensuring construction quality and personnel safety in low-temperature environments.

[0060] During the system wiring and commissioning phase, connect the photovoltaic modules, inverters, and combiner boxes according to the electrical design scheme, ensuring that multiple inverters are installed side-by-side with a minimum spacing of 800mm. After wiring is completed, perform insulation testing and grounding resistance checks, start the system trial operation, and conduct synchronous debugging on multiple photovoltaic arrays. Check the consistency of output voltage and current of each array, simulate operating conditions under different light intensities and loads, record key parameters, and optimize the bracket tilt angle and electrical wiring tightness to ensure stable and efficient system operation.

[0061] During the construction quality traceability phase, a unique identifier code is assigned to each construction stage, recording information such as construction personnel, equipment models, material batches, construction time, and testing data. Blockchain technology is used to store the data to ensure it is tamper-proof, forming a complete construction quality traceability chain, which facilitates later troubleshooting and maintenance.

[0062] Table 2: Comparison of Photovoltaic Construction Effects in Mountainous Rock Interlayer Topography Table 2 shows that traditional construction methods are inefficient in rock interlayer construction, have difficulty guaranteeing construction quality in low-temperature environments, have high traffic safety risks due to unreasonable route planning, and lack a sound quality traceability system.

[0063] This invention improves construction efficiency in rocky areas through specialized drilling technology, ensures construction quality in low-temperature conditions through winter construction protection measures, enhances traffic safety through optimized construction paths, enables full traceability of construction quality through blockchain technology, and ensures long-term operational stability of the system through multiple technological innovations, making it fully adaptable to the complex construction needs of mountainous rock interlayer terrain.

[0064] Reference Figure 2 This diagram visually demonstrates the high-efficiency construction advantages of this invention in various mountainous terrains, overcoming the core pain point of poor terrain adaptability in traditional construction methods. Traditional construction methods lack scientific terrain modeling and path planning. When facing complex terrains such as soft soil layers and rock interlayers, repeated adjustments to the construction plan are necessary, leading to significantly extended cycles, sometimes exceeding 100 days on steep slopes. This invention uses drone aerial photography and 3D terrain modeling to precisely plan paths, optimizes foundation construction techniques for different terrains, employs specialized drilling technology in rock interlayer areas, and deepens pile foundations in soft soil layers while dynamically verifying bearing capacity, significantly reducing ineffective work time. Construction cycles are shortened by more than 30% in all terrain types. Even in steep slopes and rock interlayer terrains, the cycle can be controlled within 60 days, significantly improving the construction efficiency and schedule controllability of mountain photovoltaic projects.

[0065] Reference Figure 3 This diagram clearly demonstrates the long-term stability advantages of the foundation construction method of this invention, solving the problems of easy foundation settlement and rapid bearing capacity decay caused by traditional construction methods. Traditional construction methods do not optimize pile foundation parameters for the differences in soil and rock distribution in mountainous areas and lack dynamic bearing capacity verification. During long-term operation, the bearing capacity continuously declines due to soil consolidation and rainwater erosion, retaining only 63% after 10 years, posing a safety hazard. This invention, through precise topographic surveys and pile foundation parameter design, ensures pile embedment depth in rock interlayer areas, dynamically adjusts hole diameter and reinforcement in soft soil layers, and combines high-strength C30 concrete with HRB400 grade steel reinforcement, significantly improving foundation stability. Even after 10 years of operation, the bearing capacity retention rate still reaches 94%, far exceeding traditional methods, providing a solid guarantee for the long-term safe operation of photovoltaic systems.

[0066] Reference Figure 4 This diagram clearly reveals the advantages of this invention in terms of slope adaptation and angle optimization, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional construction methods where the uniformity of sunlight distribution decreases with slope. Traditional construction methods rely on fixed support angles or manual adjustments based on experience, failing to adapt to changes in mountain slopes. The steeper the slope, the lower the uniformity of sunlight distribution, reaching only 50% on a 35° slope, leading to significant differences in module power generation efficiency. This invention collects actual slope data using slope sensors and combines this with adaptive calculations of the solar trajectory to provide differentiated angle compensation for different slope areas, ensuring consistent sunlight distribution angles for modules within the same array. Even at a slope of 35°, the uniformity of sunlight distribution remains above 88%, with a gradual decline, effectively compensating for the impact of slope differences on power generation efficiency and fully unlocking the power generation potential of photovoltaic modules.

[0067] Reference Figure 5This diagram visually highlights the advantages of the present invention's end-to-end quality control, addressing the industry pain point of inconsistent quality in traditional construction methods. Traditional construction methods lack precise positioning technology and a comprehensive monitoring mechanism. Foundation construction is prone to deviations due to terrain variations, support installation suffers from poor horizontal and vertical control, and component installation accuracy is insufficient, resulting in a pass rate generally below 85% at each stage and an overall acceptance pass rate of only 70%. The present invention improves installation accuracy through GPS positioning and visual positioning technologies, uses a real-time monitoring module to collect construction process data, adjusts process parameters promptly, and implements winter construction protection measures to ensure construction quality under special conditions. The pass rate at each construction stage exceeds 95%, and the overall acceptance pass rate reaches 95%, significantly reducing the failure rate in later operation and maintenance, laying a solid foundation for the long-term stable operation of photovoltaic systems, and fully demonstrating the technical advantages of end-to-end quality control.

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect site topographic data by combining drone aerial photography and ground surveying, construct a digital topographic model of the site using 3D modeling software, mark unsuitable construction areas and pile foundation avoidance points, and plan the photovoltaic array layout scheme and construction path. S2. Based on the digital terrain model and array layout scheme, GPS is used to locate the center position of each cast-in-place pile foundation. Holes are drilled and the slag inside the holes is cleaned according to the design requirements. Reinforcing cages are then made and hoisted into the holes before concrete is continuously poured. S3. The columns, main beams and purlins are made of steel and are hot-dip galvanized. The main body of the support is installed in the order of first the columns, then the main beams and then the purlins. The main beams and columns are connected by welding or clamps. The verticality and horizontality of the support are corrected in real time during the installation process. S4. Based on site slope and solar irradiance data, the tilt angle of the main beam is adjusted by the hinge at the top of the support, and the horizontal deviation of the support is detected by a level and a laser rangefinder, so as to control the horizontal deviation of the crossbeam within the design allowable range. S5. Photovoltaic module installation and fixing: hoist the photovoltaic modules to the bracket mounting surface, connect them to the bracket purlins with SUS304 fasteners, set 304 gaskets at the contact points between the module frame and the bracket, and leave a reasonable gap between adjacent modules; S6. By combining the real-time solar altitude angle and terrain slope, the bracket angle is finely adjusted to maximize the light-receiving surface of the component. A tension gauge and strain gauge are used to detect the stress at the bracket connection. S7. Connect the photovoltaic modules, inverter and combiner box according to the electrical design scheme. The inverter is fixed to the photovoltaic support column by a special bracket. After the wiring is completed, perform insulation test and grounding resistance test. Start the system trial operation and monitor the power generation efficiency and equipment operation status.

2. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dynamic verification step of the foundation bearing capacity. This step is carried out after the cast-in-place piles have been cured. Actual bearing capacity data of the pile foundation is collected through on-site load tests. Combined with the slope of the mountainous terrain and soil mechanical parameters, the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation is calculated to determine whether it meets the long-term operation requirements of the photovoltaic system. The calculation expression for the bearing capacity verification is as follows: ,in The actual effective bearing capacity of the pile foundation is given by d, where d is the diameter of the cast-in-place pile. This is the design value of the axial compressive strength of concrete. Here, α represents the soil lateral friction coefficient, and α represents the actual slope angle of the site. This is the sum of the self-weight of the pile foundation and the support structure. The horizontal load generated by the local 50-year return period wind pressure is used to determine whether the pile foundation needs to be reinforced by increasing the diameter or adding reinforcement based on the calculation results.

3. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a construction path optimization step, which is based on the digital terrain model and construction equipment parameters, and uses A... The algorithm plans the optimal construction path, taking into account equipment access capacity, material transportation efficiency, and construction safety distance during the path planning process. The optimized path generates a visual construction route map that includes equipment access width and material stacking area markings, marks the construction sequence and work scope of key nodes, and sets up emergency avoidance passages.

4. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial adjustment of the bracket angle also includes terrain slope compensation adjustment. In view of the slope differences in different mountain areas, the actual slope data of each bracket installation point is collected by slope sensors. Combined with the optimal tilt angle range of photovoltaic modules, the bracket angle of different areas is adjusted differently. The tilt angle compensation value of the bracket is appropriately increased in areas with larger slopes.

5. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a component installation accuracy control step, which uses visual positioning technology to assist in the installation of photovoltaic modules. A high-definition camera mounted on the bracket collects images of the module installation position and compares them with a preset installation benchmark image. The horizontal, vertical and angular deviations of the module installation are calculated in real time. The installation position is adjusted by voice prompts to the construction personnel, and the installation accuracy data of each module is recorded. The edge alignment deviation of the modules is controlled within the design requirements.

6. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction process also includes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment steps. Vibration sensors, temperature sensors and stress sensors are installed at key nodes of the support to collect vibration amplitude, ambient temperature and structural stress data in real time. The data is transmitted to the background monitoring system for analysis and processing. When the stress exceeds the safety threshold or the vibration amplitude is abnormal, construction is immediately suspended and the cause is analyzed.

7. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 also includes adaptive solar trajectory calculation. Based on the project site's latitude, longitude, altitude, and seasonal variations, a calculation model for the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle is established. This model is then combined with real-time meteorological data to dynamically adjust the optimal tilt angle of the support structure. The tilt angle calculation expression is as follows: ,in The optimal tilt angle for the support is given by δ, where δ is the solar declination angle, φ is the latitude of the project location, ω is the solar hour angle, and β is the site slope angle. The terrain correction factor is used to precisely adjust the support angle based on the calculation results.

8. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes winter construction protection measures. These measures are designed for harsh environments. Before construction, the site is cleared of snow and anti-slip mats are laid. Thermal insulation and curing measures are taken for the cast-in-place pile concrete. Before the support is installed, frost is removed from the surface of the components. Fasteners are coated with low-temperature grease to prevent freezing. During construction, the ambient temperature is monitored. Welding operations are stopped when the temperature drops below -5°C. The welded components are preheated and installed only after the component temperature reaches the specified requirements.

9. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S7 also includes multi-array collaborative optimization, which involves synchronously debugging multiple photovoltaic arrays in the same area, detecting the consistency of output voltage and current of each array, achieving balanced power distribution between arrays by adjusting inverter operating parameters, simulating the system operating status under different light intensities and load conditions, and recording the system's maximum output power and conversion efficiency parameters.

10. The construction method for an adjustable photovoltaic system based on a mountain-mounted positioning photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a construction quality traceability step, which assigns a unique identifier code to each construction stage and records construction personnel, equipment models, material batches, construction time, and testing data.

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