Photovoltaic panel self-adaptive cleaning device and cleaning method

Abstract

This invention provides an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels, including a mounting plate with movable components at both ends and a guide component connected to the bottom of each movable component. The guide component is mounted on a frame. A cleaning component is positioned on the side of the mounting plate opposite the photovoltaic panel inside the frame. An adjustment component connects the mounting plate and the cleaning component. A cleanliness detection component is mounted on the mounting plate. The cleanliness detection component, adjustment component, and movable components are all electrically connected to a controller. The controller, based on the electrical signal of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface collected by the cleanliness detection component, drives the adjustment component to adjust the posture of the cleaning component, thereby adaptively adjusting the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel. This device, through the cooperation of the cleanliness detection component, adjustment component, and controller, adaptively adjusts the contact area and contact pressure of the cleaning component based on the real-time electrical signal of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface, improving cleaning efficiency and reducing cleaning costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment, specifically to a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device and cleaning method. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the main components of solar power generation, photovoltaic panels are installed outdoors. During long-term use, due to the action of wind and sand, dust, bird droppings and other dirt will accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, affecting the power generation efficiency and causing a decrease in power generation efficiency. Therefore, outdoor photovoltaic panels need to be cleaned regularly.

[0003] Currently, the equipment used for cleaning photovoltaic panels is mainly divided into fixed cleaning equipment and mobile cleaning machines. Fixed cleaning equipment consists of a movable cleaning brush installed on the frame of the photovoltaic panel, which is used to clean the surface of the panel. Mobile cleaning equipment uses a drone equipped with a cleaning tank and spray head. The drone flies above the photovoltaic panel and sprays cleaning agent onto the surface, which is then cleaned by cleaning personnel using brushes. Although both methods can clean photovoltaic panels, they cannot automatically adjust according to the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel. The same standard is used to clean the entire surface of the photovoltaic panel, resulting in low cleaning efficiency, high agent consumption, and high cleaning costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that existing fixed or mobile photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment cannot adapt to the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface, resulting in low cleaning efficiency, high chemical consumption, and high cleaning costs, this invention provides a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device and cleaning method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device, including a mounting plate, wherein movable components are respectively provided at both ends of the mounting plate, and a guide component is connected to the bottom of the movable component, and the guide component is mounted on a frame. A cleaning component is provided on the side of the mounting plate opposite to the photovoltaic panel inside the frame. An adjustment component is connected between the mounting plate and the cleaning component. A cleanliness detection component is provided on the mounting plate. The cleanliness detection component, the adjustment component, and the moving component are all electrically connected to the controller. The controller, based on the electrical signal of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface collected by the cleanliness detection component, drives the adjustment component to adjust the posture of the cleaning component, so as to adaptively adjust the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel.

[0006] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes support plates disposed at both ends of the mounting plate, the support plates are provided with track grooves, a first mounting rod is disposed between the two track grooves, one end of the first mounting rod is rotatably mounted on the first mounting rod, the other end of the connecting sleeve is connected to an electric cylinder, the electric cylinder is mounted on the mounting plate and electrically connected to the controller; A second mounting rod is symmetrically arranged between the two support plates on both sides of the track groove. One end of an L-shaped strip is rotatably connected to the second mounting rod, and the other end of the L-shaped strip is fixedly connected to the cleaning component.

[0007] Preferably, a buffer assembly is provided between the mounting plate and the support plate; The buffer assembly includes a positioning block disposed at the end of the mounting plate. The positioning block has an alignment groove. An alignment plate is connected between the two alignment grooves. A spring is disposed between the bottom end face of the alignment plate and the bottom end face of the alignment groove. A positioning rod is disposed inside the spring. One end of the positioning rod is fixed to the bottom end face of the alignment groove, and the other end of the positioning rod passes through the alignment plate and is fixed to the mounting plate. A positioning plate is connected between the two alignment plates, and a buffer is provided between the positioning plate and the mounting plate. The support plate is installed on the bottom end face of the positioning plate near its end.

[0008] Preferably, the buffer component includes a buffer cylinder and a multi-stage telescopic device; one end of the buffer cylinder and the multi-stage telescopic device are both fixed to the positioning plate, and the other end of the buffer cylinder and the multi-stage telescopic device are both fixed to the mounting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes a mounting plate and a liquid reservoir; The mounting strip is installed on the L-shaped strip at the end away from the second mounting rod, and a cleaning strip is installed on the side of the mounting strip opposite to the photovoltaic panel; A linkage plate connects the L-shaped strip to the first mounting rod; The liquid storage cylinder is mounted on the mounting plate. A pressure pump and multiple nozzles are provided on the outer wall of the liquid storage cylinder, and a liquid inlet is provided on the end face of the liquid storage cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, the cleaning assembly further includes a plurality of connecting strips disposed on the mounting plate on one side of the nozzle, each of the connecting strips being rotatably connected to an inclined strip, and a torsion spring connecting the connecting strips and the inclined strips; The ends of the inclined plates are equipped with rubber wiping heads.

[0011] Preferably, the cleanliness detection component is mounted on an industrial camera on the connecting strip, the industrial camera is electrically connected to the controller, and the acquisition end of the industrial camera is opposite to the photovoltaic panel; The industrial camera is connected to a power distribution block.

[0012] Preferably, the movable component includes a side plate disposed at the end of the mounting plate, a connecting seat connected to the side plate, a plurality of sleeves arranged in parallel on the connecting seat, a rotating rod passing through each sleeve, a roller connected to the outer end of the rotating rod, and the roller being mounted on a guide assembly; A mounting base plate is connected to the connecting seat, and a drive motor is mounted on the mounting base plate. The drive motor is electrically connected to the controller. A first pulley is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and a second pulley is provided on the rotating rod. A belt connects the first pulley and the second pulley.

[0013] Preferably, the guide assembly includes a rotating ring, which is rotatably mounted on the end of the rotating rod. A connecting plate is connected to the rotating ring, and a bottom wheel is provided on the end of the connecting plate away from the rotating rod. A triangular guide plate is installed between the bottom wheel and the roller, and the triangular guide plate is mounted on the frame. The roller is provided with a triangular groove for holding the triangular guide plate.

[0014] This invention proposes an adaptive cleaning method for photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps: The controller activates the cleanliness detection component to detect the surface position of the photovoltaic panel; The controller controls the adjustment component based on the electrical signal of cleanliness detected by the cleanliness detection component. The adjustment component adjusts the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel to adapt to the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. The controller controls the cleaning components to rinse the photovoltaic panel surface and controls the moving components to move along the guide components.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels. The device, through the coordinated operation of a cleanliness detection component, an adjustment component, and a controller, adaptively adjusts the contact area and pressure of the cleaning component based on the real-time electrical signal indicating the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel surface. This replaces the constant-pressure cleaning method of traditional cleaning equipment, precisely matching the cleaning intensity with the degree of contamination. This effectively prevents the incomplete cleaning of heavily soiled areas and excessive wiping of lightly soiled areas that occurs with traditional cleaning equipment due to its inability to adaptively adjust. Furthermore, it avoids problems such as low cleaning efficiency and excessive chemical consumption caused by unreasonable cleaning intensity, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel surface is not excessively worn. Simultaneously, it solves the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, and frequent maintenance caused by the inability of traditional cleaning equipment to operate on demand.

[0016] Furthermore, this device uses an electric cylinder to drive the first mounting rod to slide within the track groove. The first mounting rod, through a linkage plate, drives the L-shaped strip to rotate on the second mounting rod, thereby adjusting the contact area and contact pressure of the cleaning components connected to the L-shaped strip on the photovoltaic panel. This allows the device to adaptively adjust according to the surface cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel, increasing its practicality, improving cleaning efficiency, and reducing cleaning costs.

[0017] Furthermore, this device provides graded buffering and elastic support through the cooperation of buffer cylinders and multi-stage expansion joints, absorbing vibration and impact loads during the cleaning process, maintaining the stability of the cleaning components, preventing uneven cleaning caused by shaking, improving cleaning quality and reducing component wear.

[0018] Furthermore, this device sprays cleaning liquid evenly onto the surface of the photovoltaic panel through a nozzle, and then wipes it with a cleaning strip, completing the integrated operation of wetting and cleaning on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, improving the cleaning effect of a single cleaning and reducing cleaning costs.

[0019] Furthermore, this device uses an industrial camera to collect real-time images of the photovoltaic panel surface and transmits electrical signals indicating cleanliness, thereby enabling accurate identification and quantification of the degree of contamination. This provides a reliable basis for the controller's adjustment, improves the accuracy of adaptive adjustment, and enhances cleaning efficiency.

[0020] Furthermore, this device uses rollers and bottom wheels to clamp a triangular guide plate, forming a self-centering guide structure. This allows the rollers to move smoothly on the triangular guide plate, preventing them from detaching. Consequently, the entire device can move stably along the frame containing the photovoltaic panel, improving the stability of the device in cleaning the photovoltaic panel. The triangular grooves on the rollers cooperate with the triangular guide plate to limit the rollers' direction, ensuring that the device moves along a predetermined path on the photovoltaic panel frame, thus improving operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1This is an installation diagram of a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connection between the guide section and the cleaning section in a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning section in an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning section in an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention from another perspective. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning section in an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the adjustment component and the cleaning component in a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device provided by the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the adjustment component and the cleaning component of the photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device provided by the present invention from another perspective; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the adjustment component and the cleaning component in a photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device provided by the present invention. In the attached diagram: 1. Photovoltaic panel; 2. Frame; 3. Side plate; 4. Rotating rod; 5. Sleeve; 6. Mounting base plate; 7. Drive motor; 8. First pulley; 9. Second pulley; 10. Belt; 11. Triangular guide plate; 12. Roller; 13. Triangular groove; 14. Bottom wheel; 15. Connecting plate; 16. Rotating ring; 17. Positioning plate; 18. Mounting strip; 19. Positioning block; 20. Alignment plate; 21. Alignment groove; 22. 23. Cleaning strip; 24. Buffer cylinder; 25. Multi-stage expansion joint; 26. Positioning rod; 27. Spring; 28. Mounting plate; 29. ​​Support plate; 30. Electric cylinder; 31. Track groove; 32. First mounting rod; 33. Second mounting rod; 34. L-shaped strip; 35. Linkage plate; 36. Connecting strip; 37. Slanted strip; 38. Rotating shaft; 39. Industrial camera; 40. Liquid storage tank; 41. Liquid inlet; 42. Nozzle; 43. Connecting sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] This invention provides an adaptive cleaning device for photovoltaic panels, such as... Figures 1-10 As shown, the device includes a mounting plate 27, with movable components at both ends. A guide component is connected to the bottom of each movable component, which is mounted on the frame 2 outside the photovoltaic panel 1. The movable components move on the guide component, allowing the mounting plate 27 to move on the frame 2 outside the photovoltaic panel 1. A cleaning component is mounted on the side of the mounting plate 27 opposite to the photovoltaic panel 1 inside the frame 2. An adjustment component connects the mounting plate 27 to the cleaning component. A cleanliness detection component is mounted on the mounting plate 27. The cleanliness detection component, adjustment component, and movable component are all electrically connected to a controller. The controller uses the cleanliness detection component to collect electrical signals indicating the surface cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel 1, driving the adjustment component to adjust the posture of the cleaning component. This adaptively adjusts the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel 1, enabling the device to adapt to the dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 and improve the cleaning effect.

[0029] In this embodiment, as Figures 2-5 As shown, the movable component includes side plates 3 disposed at both ends of the mounting plate 27. The side plates 3 are perpendicularly connected to the mounting plate 27. A connecting seat is disposed on the outer side of the side plate 3. Multiple sleeves 5 are disposed parallel to each other on the bottom end face of the connecting seat. The multiple sleeves 5 are disposed along the length direction of the mounting plate 27. In this embodiment, there are two sleeves 5. A rotating rod 4 is disposed inside each sleeve 5. The two rotating rods 4 are disposed parallel to each other, and their axial direction is the same as the length direction of the mounting plate 27. A roller 12 is mounted on the outer end of the rotating rod 4. The roller 12 is mounted on the guide assembly. A mounting base plate 6 is horizontally connected to the outer end face of the connecting seat. A drive motor 7 is mounted on the mounting base plate 6. A support is provided on the connecting seat, and a mounting hole is provided on the support. The output shaft of the drive motor 7 passes through the mounting hole and extends into the interior of the side plate 3. The drive motor 7 is electrically connected to the controller. A first pulley 8 is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 7. A second pulley 9 is provided on the rotating rod 4. A belt 10 is connected between the first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9. The drive motor 7 drives the first pulley 8 to rotate. The first pulley 8 drives the second pulley 9 through the belt 10. The rotation of the second pulley 9 causes the rotating rod 4 to rotate. The rotating rod 4 drives the roller 12 to roll on the guide assembly, thus moving the entire device.

[0030] In this embodiment, as Figures 2-6As shown, the guiding assembly includes a rotating ring 16, which is rotatably mounted on the end of the rotating rod 4. A connecting plate 15 is connected to the outer wall of the rotating ring 16. A rotating shaft is provided on the end of the connecting plate 15 away from the rotating rod 4. A bottom wheel 14 is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft. A triangular guide plate 11 is installed between the bottom wheel 14 and the roller 12. The triangular guide plate 11 is upside down on the upper end face of the frame 2, and the inner side of the bottom wheel 14 is close to the outer wall of the frame 2. The roller 12 is provided with a triangular groove 13 for holding the triangular guide plate 11. Through the cooperation of the triangular groove 13 and the triangular guide plate 11, the roller 12 can move stably on the triangular guide plate 11, thereby driving the entire device to move on the frame 2. This allows the device to continuously and stably clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. During the movement, through the cooperation of the rotating ring 16, the connecting plate 15 and the bottom wheel 14, the roller 12 does not detach from the triangular guide plate 11, improving the practicality of the device.

[0031] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-10 As shown, the adjustment assembly includes a support plate 28 disposed on the bottom end face of the mounting plate 27 and near its two ends. The support plate 28 is located inside the side plate 3. Track grooves 30 are provided on the inner end face of the support plate 28. The lengths of the two track grooves 30 are perpendicular to the length direction of the mounting plate 27. A first mounting rod 31 is inserted between the two track grooves 30. One end of a connecting sleeve 43 is rotatably mounted at the center of the first mounting rod 31. The connecting sleeve 43 is a cross-shaped sleeve, meaning the first mounting rod 31 passes through the connecting sleeve 43. The other end of the connecting sleeve 43 is connected to an electric cylinder 29 through a through hole near one end of the sleeve 43. The telescopic head of the electric cylinder 29 is connected to the end of the connecting sleeve 43 away from the first mounting rod 31. The electric cylinder 29 is installed on the upper surface of the mounting plate 27. Its telescopic head passes through the mounting plate 27 and is electrically connected to the controller. The controller controls the telescopic length of the telescopic head in the electric cylinder 29, thereby adjusting the position of the first mounting rod 31 in the track groove 30, that is, the distance between the first mounting rod 31 and the mounting plate 27. Two second mounting rods 32 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the track groove 30 between two support plates 28. Two L-shaped strips 33 are rotatably connected to one end of each second mounting rod 32. A cleaning component is fixedly connected to the other end of the two L-shaped strips 33 connected to the same second mounting rod 32. The two cleaning components connected to the two second mounting rods 32 are arranged opposite to each other. A linkage plate 34 connects the L-shaped strips 33 and the first mounting rod 31. When the first mounting rod 31 slides in the track groove 30, the first mounting rod 31 drives the L-shaped strips 33 to rotate around the second mounting rod 32 through the linkage plate 34, thereby causing the cleaning component connected to the end of the L-shaped strip 33 to move, thereby adjusting the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, a buffer assembly is provided between the mounting plate 27 and the support plate 28. The buffer assembly includes a positioning block 19 located on the bottom end face of the mounting plate 27 near its end. The positioning block 19 is perpendicularly connected to the mounting plate 27. An alignment groove 21 is provided inside the positioning block 19. An alignment plate 20 is connected between the two alignment grooves 21. A spring 26 is provided between the bottom end face of the alignment plate 20 and the bottom end face of the alignment groove 21. A positioning rod 25 is inserted through the spring 26. One end of the positioning rod 25 is fixed to the bottom end face of the alignment groove 21, and the other end of the positioning rod 25 is inserted through... Alignment plates 20 are fixed on mounting plates 27, and positioning plates 17 are connected between the two alignment plates 20. The positioning plates 17 and mounting plates 27 are provided with buffers. A support plate 28 is installed on the bottom end face of the positioning plates 17 near its end. During the cleaning process of the photovoltaic panel 1, the cleaning component contacts the frame 2 in the middle of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, which protrudes relative to the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. When the cleaning component slides over, the buffer and spring 26 work together to effectively protect the cleaning component and buffer the effect of the frame 2 on the cleaning component during the process.

[0033] In this embodiment, the buffer component includes a buffer cylinder 23 and a multi-stage expansion joint 24. One end of both the buffer cylinder 23 and the multi-stage expansion joint 24 is fixed to the positioning plate 17, and the other end of both is fixed to the mounting plate 27. The multi-stage expansion joint 24 adopts a bellows-type variable stiffness structure, which generates only a small reaction force in the initial stage of compression and can sensitively absorb slight vibrations. When the compression exceeds the critical value, the inner and outer layers gradually fit together, the stiffness increases sharply, and a progressive limit is formed to prevent the positioning plate 17 from rigidly colliding with the mounting plate 27.

[0034] In this embodiment, the cleaning component includes a mounting plate 18 and a liquid storage tank 40. The mounting plate 18 is mounted on an L-shaped plate 33 at one end away from the second mounting rod 32, and a cleaning strip 22 is mounted on the side of the mounting plate 18 opposite to the photovoltaic panel 1. The liquid storage tank 40 is mounted on a mounting plate 27, and a pressure pump and multiple nozzles 42 are provided on the outer wall of the liquid storage tank 40. The spray nozzles 42 are positioned opposite the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, and an inlet 41 is provided on the end face of the liquid storage tank 40.

[0035] In this embodiment, the cleaning assembly also includes a plurality of connecting strips 35 disposed on the mounting plate 27 on one side of the nozzle 42. Each connecting strip 35 is rotatably connected to an inclined strip 36 via a rotating shaft 37. A torsion spring is connected to the rotating shaft 37 between the connecting strip 35 and the inclined strip 36. One end of the torsion spring is fixed to the connecting strip 35, and the other end is fixed to the inclined strip 36. A rubber wiping head is provided at the end of the inclined strip 36 for wiping the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. The end of the inclined strip 36 away from the connecting strip 35 is arc-shaped and extends toward the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0036] In this embodiment, the cleanliness detection component is mounted on an industrial camera 39 on a connecting strip 35. The industrial camera 39 is electrically connected to the controller. The acquisition end of the industrial camera 39 is relative to the photovoltaic panel 1, that is, the acquisition end of the industrial camera 39 is tilted and extends towards the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. A power distribution block is connected to the industrial camera 39. The industrial camera 39 compares the surface after being wiped by the rubber wiping head with the unwiped part, generates an electrical signal of the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel 1 surface, and transmits it to the controller. The controller adjusts the contact area and cleanliness of the cleaning component through the adjustment component to achieve adaptive adjustment.

[0037] The present invention also provides an adaptive cleaning method for photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps: The controller activates the cleanliness detection component to detect the surface position of photovoltaic panel 1; The controller controls the adjustment component based on the electrical signal of cleanliness detected by the cleanliness detection component. The adjustment component adjusts the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel 1 to adapt to the cleanliness of the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. The controller controls the cleaning component to rinse the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 and controls the moving component to move along the guide component.

[0038] Specific cleaning methods include: The controller starts the drive motor 7 in the moving component. The drive motor 7 works with the first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9 to move on the triangular guide plate 11 in the guide component. This moves the mounting plate 27 and the cleaning component to the starting cleaning position on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, that is, one edge of the photovoltaic panel 1. At this time, the adjusting component is in the initial state, that is, the cleaning strip 22 of the cleaning component maintains a small contact area with the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the contact pressure is close to zero. It is only by the weight of the cleaning strip 22 that it adheres to the surface.

[0039] The cleanliness detection component detects the area to be cleaned: under the action of the torsion spring, the rubber wiping head at the end of the inclined plate 36 presses lightly on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1; as the mounting plate 27 moves, the rubber wiping head wipes a small area. Industrial camera 39 acquires images of the wiped area and adjacent unwiped areas, and transmits the images to the controller. The controller has a built-in image processing module that analyzes the characteristics of dust and stains in the image, such as coverage area and grayscale differences, and outputs an electrical signal. The electrical signal is a quantitative or qualitative cleanliness level, such as a cleanliness value C (0~100%, 100% represents complete cleanliness) or a contamination level (light, medium, heavy). The cleanliness C is defined as the ratio of the number of clean pixels to the total number of pixels in the area. Combined with the calibration curve, it can be mapped to the contamination mass density, providing a quantitative input for subsequent adjustments.

[0040] The controller determines the required cleaning intensity based on the obtained cleanliness electrical signal and controls the adjustment components accordingly: If the cleanliness is below the first threshold, i.e., C < 40%, the contamination is relatively heavy, the controller controls the electric cylinder 29 to extend, pushing the first mounting rod 31 downward. The first mounting rod 31, through the linkage plate 34, pushes the L-shaped strip 33 to rotate on the second mounting rod 32, reducing the angle between the cleaning strip 22 and the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, thereby increasing the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning strip 22 and the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1; If the cleanliness is above the second threshold, i.e., C > 80%, the contamination is relatively light, the controller controls the electric cylinder 29 to retract, increasing the angle between the cleaning strip 22 and the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, reducing the contact area and pressure, thereby reducing wear and energy consumption on the photovoltaic panel 1. If the cleanliness level is between the first and second thresholds, maintain the current state or make fine adjustments to optimize the cleaning effect.

[0041] The electric cylinder 29 has a built-in displacement sensor to achieve full closed-loop position control. The controller converts the cleanliness error into the target stroke based on the pre-calibrated "electric cylinder stroke - contact angle - contact pressure" relationship model, and uses PID or fuzzy control algorithm to drive the electric cylinder 29, so that the cleaning pressure quickly converges to the optimal value that matches the degree of contamination.

[0042] After the attitude adjustment is completed, the controller starts the cleaning operation: the pressure pump installed on the liquid storage tank 40 is turned on to pressurize the liquid storage tank 40, and the cleaning liquid (water or aqueous solution containing cleaning agent) is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 to be cleaned through the nozzle 42; The controller controls the start of the drive motor 7. The drive motor 7 cooperates with the first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9 to make the roller 12 slide along the triangular guide plates 11 set on both sides of the frame 2, so that the entire device moves at a constant speed along the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. During the movement, the two cleaning strips 22 of the cleaning component wipe the surface sprayed with cleaning liquid: one cleaning strip 22 acts as a "wet wipe" to moisten and peel off the stains; the other cleaning strip 22 acts as a "dry wipe" to push away the residual liquid and dirt. The two cleaning strips 22 work together to effectively improve the cleaning efficiency.

[0043] The nozzle 42 sprays at a forward-tilting angle to the board surface, forming a liquid film that spreads in the direction of travel. The front cleaning strip 22 then evenly coats the film, causing the cleaning liquid to emulsify the stains. The rear cleaning strip 22 uses its own elastic edge to scrape away the sewage and loose dirt together, so that deep cleaning can be achieved in a single stroke, reducing the number of repeated round trips, extending the service life of the cleaning strip 22 and saving total operation time.

[0044] During the movement of the cleaning component, the cleanliness detection component continuously or intermittently detects the cleaned area: if the cleanliness of a certain area is still not up to the preset target, for example, C<90%, the controller can readjust the posture of the cleaning component, that is, further increase the pressure / contact area, or slow down the movement speed and increase the rinsing flow rate. If the cleanliness level is detected to be within acceptable limits, the current state can be maintained and operations can continue, or the cleaning intensity can be appropriately reduced to protect the surface of photovoltaic panel 1 and save energy. This dynamic feedback mechanism ensures that the cleaning intensity is always matched to the degree of surface contamination throughout the cleaning process, achieving true adaptive cleaning.

[0045] The closed-loop control uses the cleanliness deviation and its rate of change as input, and outputs adjustment quantities to the position of the electric cylinder 29, the speed of the moving components, and the opening degree of the pressurizing pump, thus forming a multi-variable coordinated control. This ensures that the cleaning quality is always maintained at a high level, while avoiding the additional wear and water consumption caused by over-cleaning.

[0046] Self-cleaning and wastewater discharge: When the cleaning component moves to the other end of the photovoltaic panel 1, the wastewater from cleaning naturally collects at that end because the frame 2 and the panel surface form a water collection trough. The controller controls the moving component to repeatedly move forward and backward near that end, causing the cleaning strip 22 to rub against the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, releasing the dirt adsorbed by the cleaning strip 22 into the accumulated water. Subsequently, the wastewater generated during cleaning is discharged to an external collection system through a drainage channel and pipe pre-installed at the bottom of the frame 2, completing the self-cleaning of the cleaning component and preventing the cleaning strip 22 from reducing its cleaning effect due to long-term accumulation of dirt.

[0047] The reciprocating motion causes the internal channels of the cleaning strip 22 to open and close alternately, creating a "pumping" effect that squeezes out deep-seated dirt. The surrounding flowing water continuously disperses and carries it away. A coarse filter screen is installed at the inlet of the drainage channel to intercept larger solid particles and prevent pipe blockage. At the same time, the filter screen is automatically flushed periodically to maintain smooth drainage.

[0048] Once the cleaning component has moved and covered the entire photovoltaic panel 1 and the cleanliness of each area meets the requirements, the controller sequentially shuts down the pressurization pump and controls the moving component to return the device to its initial position or park it in a standby position on one side of the photovoltaic panel 1, waiting for the next cleaning instruction.

[0049] Upon reaching the standby position, the electric cylinder 29 automatically retracts to the safety position, allowing the cleaning strip 22 to completely detach from the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, thus preventing permanent deformation or adhesion caused by long-term pressure. The standby position is located within the shaded area on the side of the photovoltaic panel 1, which can slow down the aging rate of the seals and the cleaning strip 22, and extend the overall lifespan of the device.

[0050] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept provided by the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device, characterized in that, Includes a mounting plate (27), with movable components at both ends of the mounting plate (27), and a guide component connected to the bottom of the movable component, the guide component being mounted on the frame (2); A cleaning component is provided on the side of the mounting plate (27) opposite to the photovoltaic panel (1) inside the frame (2). An adjustment component is connected between the mounting plate (27) and the cleaning component. A cleanliness detection component is provided on the mounting plate (27). The cleanliness detection component, the adjustment component and the moving component are all electrically connected to the controller. The controller collects electrical signals of the surface cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel (1) based on the cleanliness detection component, and drives the adjustment component to adjust the posture of the cleaning component so as to adaptively adjust the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel (1).

2. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment assembly includes support plates (28) at both ends of the mounting plate (27). The support plates (28) are provided with track grooves (30). A first mounting rod (31) is passed through the two track grooves (30). One end of a connecting sleeve (43) is rotatably mounted on the first mounting rod (31). The other end of the connecting sleeve (43) is connected to an electric cylinder (29). The electric cylinder (29) is mounted on the mounting plate (27) and electrically connected to the controller. A second mounting rod (32) is symmetrically arranged between the two support plates (28) on both sides of the track groove (30). One end of an L-shaped strip (33) is rotatably connected to the second mounting rod (32), and the other end of the L-shaped strip (33) is fixedly connected to the cleaning component. A linkage plate (34) is connected between the L-shaped strip (33) and the first mounting rod (31).

3. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A buffer assembly is provided between the mounting plate (27) and the support plate (28); The buffer assembly includes a positioning block (19) disposed at the end of the mounting plate (27). The positioning block (19) is provided with an alignment groove (21). An alignment plate (20) is connected between the two alignment grooves (21). A spring (26) is disposed between the bottom end face of the alignment plate (20) and the bottom end face of the alignment groove (21). A positioning rod (25) is disposed inside the spring (26). One end of the positioning rod (25) is fixed to the bottom end face of the alignment groove (21), and the other end of the positioning rod (25) passes through the alignment plate (20) and is fixed on the mounting plate (27). A positioning plate (17) is connected between the two alignment plates (20). The positioning plate (17) and the mounting plate (27) are provided with a buffer. The support plate (28) is installed on the bottom end face of the positioning plate (17) near its end.

4. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The buffer component includes a buffer cylinder (23) and a multi-stage telescopic device (24); one end of the buffer cylinder (23) and the multi-stage telescopic device (24) are fixed to the positioning plate (17), and the other end of the buffer cylinder (23) and the multi-stage telescopic device (24) are fixed to the mounting plate (27).

5. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning assembly includes a mounting plate (18) and a liquid reservoir (40); The mounting strip (18) is mounted on the L-shaped strip (33) at one end away from the second mounting rod (32), and a cleaning strip (22) is mounted on the side of the mounting strip (18) opposite to the photovoltaic panel (1). The liquid storage cylinder (40) is mounted on the mounting plate (27). A pressure pump and multiple nozzles (42) are provided on the outer wall of the liquid storage cylinder (40). An inlet (41) is provided on the end face of the liquid storage cylinder (40).

6. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cleaning assembly also includes a plurality of connecting strips (35) disposed on the mounting plate (27) on one side of the nozzle (42), each of the connecting strips (35) being rotatably connected to an inclined strip (36), and a torsion spring connecting the connecting strips (35) and the inclined strips (36). The end of the inclined plate (36) is provided with a rubber wiping head.

7. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cleanliness detection component is mounted on the industrial camera (39) on the connecting strip (35). The industrial camera (39) is electrically connected to the controller. The acquisition end of the industrial camera (39) is relative to the photovoltaic panel (1). The industrial camera (39) is connected to a power distribution block.

8. The photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable component includes a side plate (3) disposed at the end of the mounting plate (27), a connecting seat is connected to the side plate (3), and a plurality of sleeves (5) are arranged in parallel on the connecting seat. A rotating rod (4) is inserted through each sleeve (5), and a roller (12) is connected to the outer end of the rotating rod (4). The roller (12) is mounted on the guide assembly. A mounting base plate (6) is connected to the connecting seat. A drive motor (7) is mounted on the mounting base plate (6). The drive motor (7) is electrically connected to the controller. A first pulley (8) is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (7). A second pulley (9) is provided on the rotating rod (4). A belt (10) is connected between the first pulley (8) and the second pulley (9).

9. A photovoltaic panel adaptive cleaning device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The guide assembly includes a rotating ring (16), which is rotatably mounted on the end of the rotating rod (4). A connecting plate (15) is connected to the rotating ring (16). A bottom wheel (14) is provided on the end of the connecting plate (15) away from the rotating rod (4). A triangular guide plate (11) is installed between the bottom wheel (14) and the roller (12). The triangular guide plate (11) is mounted on the frame (2). The roller (12) is provided with a triangular groove (13) for holding the triangular guide plate (11).

10. A method for adaptive cleaning of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The controller activates the cleanliness detection component to detect the surface position of the photovoltaic panel (1); The controller controls the adjustment component based on the electrical signal of cleanliness detected by the cleanliness detection component. The adjustment component adjusts the contact area and contact pressure between the cleaning component and the photovoltaic panel (1) to adapt to the cleanliness of the surface position of the photovoltaic panel (1). The controller controls the cleaning component to rinse the surface of the photovoltaic panel (1) and controls the moving component to move along the guide component.

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