A multi-index switching method, system, device and medium of a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link

Abstract

The application discloses a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link multi-index switching method, system, device and medium, comprising: acquiring the observable quantity of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; performing first smoothing processing on the carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable quantity to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and performing short-term linear prediction based on the change trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value; performing multi-index joint decision according to preset first, second and third thresholds to generate a link state switching decision signal; and performing adaptive switching operation of the Ka frequency band and the Ku frequency band under the condition that the preset state duration and the cooling timing condition are met. The application can maintain a high service satisfaction rate, obtain a higher average throughput, and significantly suppress switching jitter, thereby providing a feasible technical solution for high-reliability satellite link design in a complex rainfall scenario.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a multi-index switching method, system, device and medium for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links. Background Technology

[0002] In typical maritime scenarios such as islands, near-shore platforms, and offshore work sites, communication links often need to maintain stable data transmission capabilities over long periods under relatively isolated infrastructure conditions. Because these typical maritime scenarios are far from land-based backbone networks, conventional wired links cannot be laid, and terrestrial microwave relay links are easily limited by distance, line-of-sight obstruction, and installation conditions, making it difficult to maintain reliable availability around the clock. Therefore, satellite links play a crucial role in such environments. In engineering, both Ka-band and Ku-band satellite links are typically configured simultaneously to achieve an ideal combination of bandwidth and availability under different weather conditions. The Ka-band has a large available bandwidth and can support high downlink throughput under favorable weather conditions, making it suitable for carrying high-traffic services; the Ku-band has a smaller available bandwidth but is less sensitive to rainfall attenuation, maintaining a usable link even under high humidity and high rainfall conditions. However, the weather in islands and near-shore areas is not stable; short-duration severe convective rainfall can rapidly shift and fluctuate between heavy rain and light rain. When Ka-band electromagnetic waves propagate through raindrops, they undergo severe scattering and absorption, causing the carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin, and downlink throughput to fluctuate repeatedly in a short period of time.

[0003] Existing band switching strategies often employ simple single-threshold switching methods, focusing only on whether a physical layer indicator crosses a fixed threshold at a given instant. Therefore, these strategies have significant limitations, easily triggering high-frequency switching under extreme weather conditions. If the system immediately switches to Ku due to a momentary deterioration in the Ka link, or immediately switches back due to a momentary improvement in the Ka link, it leads to frequent service interruptions, route renegotiation, and transmission latency jitter. Traditional management methods face the dilemma of either wasted capacity or frequent oscillations and short-term interruptions, making it difficult to maintain continuous and stable bandwidth supply under rapidly fluctuating weather conditions. Therefore, effectively managing both Ka and Ku links and developing reasonable switching strategies to balance high throughput and high stability has become a key issue affecting overall communication quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides a multi-index switching method, system, device, and medium for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links, solving the problem that single-threshold switching methods are easily affected by instantaneous rainfall disturbances, leading to frequent switching of Ka / Ku dual-band satellite links under complex weather conditions and reduced communication quality.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links, including: The observable measurements of the current link are obtained in real time by constructing a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; The carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable is first smoothed to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and a short-term linear prediction is made based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. Based on the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio and observable measurements, a multi-index joint decision is made according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold to generate a link state switching decision signal; Based on the link state switching decision signal, and provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met, an adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band is performed.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the preset first threshold, second threshold, and third threshold include: A pair of first thresholds are preset for the smooth carrier-to-noise ratio determination, wherein the first thresholds include a degradation threshold that triggers a switch from Ka band to Ku band and a cutback threshold that triggers a switchback from Ku band to Ka band, and the cutback threshold is higher than the degradation threshold. A preset link margin constraint value for determining link reliability margin is used as the second threshold; A minimum throughput requirement is preset to ensure basic business needs, serving as the third threshold.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the generation of the link state switching decision signal includes: The smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is compared with the first threshold, the actual link margin of the current link is compared with the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput of the current link is compared with the third threshold. When the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is lower than the degradation threshold, the actual link margin is lower than the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput is lower than the third threshold, a first pre-decision signal for switching from Ka band to Ku band is initially generated. When the smooth carrier-to-noise ratio is higher than the back-cut threshold, the actual link margin is higher than the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput is higher than the third threshold, a second pre-decision signal for back-cutting from the Ku band to the Ka band is initially generated.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: dynamic optimization of spectrum resources is achieved through joint decision-making of multiple indicators, which significantly improves the average throughput while ensuring high reliability compared with the fixed frequency band strategy.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band includes: Set a first-state dwell time threshold for pre-decision switching from Ka band to Ku band; A second state dwell time threshold is set for the pre-decision of switching back from Ku band to Ka band; After generating the first pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a severe state are met continuously. In response to the duration of the severe state exceeding the first state dwell time threshold, a decision to trigger a downgrade handover is confirmed. After generating the second pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a good state are met continuously. In response to the good state duration exceeding the second state dwell time threshold, a back-switch decision is confirmed.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are: it effectively solves the high-frequency oscillation problem that is easily caused by the traditional single threshold strategy, and significantly reduces the number of invalid switching while ensuring a near full service satisfaction rate.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band further includes: Set a cooling timer and set the cooling cycle duration for the cooling timer; The cooling timer is started after initialization or after each successful frequency band switching operation; During the operation of the cooling timer, the current frequency band connection status is locked and any newly generated handover decisions are suspended; the corresponding frequency band handover operation is performed only when a confirmed handover decision has been generated and the cooling timer has finished counting down.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the step of obtaining the observables of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model includes: Based on preset satellite geometric parameters, ground station parameters, and real-time meteorological data, the free space path loss, atmospheric absorption loss, and rain attenuation loss determined by rainfall intensity for Ku-band and Ka-band links are calculated respectively. Based on the loss calculation results and preset system parameters, the received power of Ku-band and Ka-band links is calculated; Calculate the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio for Ku band and Ka band based on the received power and system noise power. Based on the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, the preset modulation and coding scheme threshold, and the signal bandwidth, the link margin and achievable throughput of the Ku band and Ka band are calculated respectively. The calculated instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin, and achievable throughput are used as observables for the current link.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described in this invention, the method for obtaining the carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value includes: The exponential moving average algorithm is used to weight and fuse the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment with the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment to obtain the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment. The difference between the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment and the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment is used as the increment of the carrier-to-noise ratio change. Based on the increment of the change, the carrier-to-noise ratio at the next moment is predicted by linear extrapolation to obtain the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a multi-indicator switching system for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link, comprising: The link parameter monitoring module is used to obtain observable measurements of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; The link status assessment module is used to perform a first smoothing process on the carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable measurement to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and to perform a short-term linear prediction based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. The multi-index decision module is used to make a joint decision based on the carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value and observable measurement, according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold, and generate a link state switching decision signal. The switching execution and control module is used to perform adaptive switching operations between the Ka band and the Ku band based on the link status switching decision signal, provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the steps of a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link.

[0017] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a multi-index switching method, system, device, and medium for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links, which can effectively solve the performance bottleneck of traditional switching strategies in complex rainfall environments. By constructing a multi-index joint decision framework that includes link margin, achievable throughput, and carrier-to-noise ratio trend prediction, this invention can accurately quantify the impact of dynamic rain attenuation on signal transmission. Compared with a single fixed frequency band strategy, it effectively solves the inherent contradiction between the high capacity and low availability of the Ka band and the high availability and low capacity of the Ku band, achieving dynamic optimization of spectrum resources. By introducing stability factors such as hysteresis windows, dwell time constraints, and cooling mechanisms, it effectively filters instantaneous meteorological disturbances caused by pulsed rainfall. Compared with traditional single-threshold switching strategies, it significantly suppresses invalid back-cutting and ping-pong effects, greatly reduces service interruptions and latency jitter caused by frequent switching, and ensures the subjective continuity of services. This invention adopts an adaptive switching logic that combines hard constraints and soft decisions. While ensuring near-full service satisfaction, it fully releases the high bandwidth potential of the Ka band in clear weather, significantly improving average throughput compared to conservative strategies. The switching decision mechanism proposed in this invention relies entirely on parameters that can be directly observed by the receiver's physical layer, without the need to deploy expensive external meteorological sensing equipment, thus ensuring the system's engineering applicability and low-cost advantage in scenarios with limited infrastructure, such as islands and near-shore platforms. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process logic of a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 The graph shows the variation of Ku / Ka dual-band rain attenuation with rainfall under static rainfall conditions, illustrating the multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3A comparison chart of Ku / Ka dual-band link margin under static rainfall conditions for a multi-index switching method of Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 A comparison chart of Ku / Ka dual-band link capacity under static rainfall conditions for a multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a simulated rainfall scenario in Hainan Province, illustrating a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the instantaneous, smoothed, and predicted Ku / Ka C / N(dB) values ​​over time in a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the average throughput and service satisfaction rate of four strategies for the multi-index switching method of Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart of the cumulative number of handovers for two handover strategies in a multi-index handover method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 As one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links is provided, such as... Figure 1 The specific steps shown are as follows: S100: Obtains observable measurements of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; In this embodiment of the invention, the real-time acquisition of observables of the current link through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model includes: Based on preset satellite geometric parameters, ground station parameters, and real-time meteorological data, the free space path loss, atmospheric absorption loss, and rain attenuation loss determined by rainfall intensity for Ku-band and Ka-band links are calculated respectively. Based on the loss calculation results and preset system parameters, the received power of Ku-band and Ka-band links is calculated; Calculate the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio for Ku band and Ka band based on the received power and system noise power; Based on the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, the preset modulation and coding scheme threshold, and the signal bandwidth, the link margin and achievable throughput of Ku band and Ka band are calculated respectively. The calculated instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin, and achievable throughput are used as observables for the current link.

[0030] It should be noted that the Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model is a high-fidelity physical layer transmission model used to accurately characterize the dynamic transmission characteristics of Ku and Ka dual-band satellite links under complex meteorological environments. This model is a comprehensive framework that integrates multiple key physical processes such as signal propagation, atmospheric effects, precipitation fading, and system thermal noise.

[0031] Specifically, the parameter and channel environment settings include: Ku-band frequency set to 12GHz, Ka-band frequency set to 26.5GHz. Satellite geometry parameters are set: GEO satellite distance 36,000km, elevation angle 35°, polarization vertical. Link budget parameters are configured: Ku-band bandwidth 36MHz, Ka-band bandwidth 250MHz, transmit power 20dBW for Ku-band and 23dBW for Ka-band. Receiver performance thresholds are set: Eb / N0 threshold 10.5dB for Ku-band and 12.8dB for Ka-band, service rate requirement 20Mbps. Initialization handover strategy parameters are set: degradation threshold C / N < 10dB, back-off threshold C / N > 12dB, link margin constraint 3dB, dwell time T. bad =3s,T good =5s, cooldown time 8s.

[0032] Specifically, calculating the free-space path loss of Ku-band and Ka-band links includes: free-space path loss As a model baseline, the signal is quantized by the propagation distance in free space. and carrier frequency The formula for calculating the base logarithmic decay due to the increase is as follows: Specifically, according to the ITU-R P.676 recommended model, atmospheric absorption loss A gas (Unit: dB) is expressed as: Among them, A gas Atmospheric absorption attenuation (dB) represents the total power loss of a signal propagating in non-rainy atmosphere. The specific attenuation coefficient (dB / km) represents the dry air, which is a complex function of frequency, air pressure, and temperature, with its peak occurring at a specific resonant frequency of oxygen. The specific attenuation coefficient of water vapor (dB / km) is highly dependent on the density and frequency of water vapor in the atmosphere. Indicates the elevation angle of the satellite link. The term, as the denominator, represents the oblique distance of the signal path through the atmosphere. The lower the elevation angle, the thicker the atmosphere the signal passes through, and the greater the total attenuation.

[0033] Specifically, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) P.838-3 recommendation, the rain attenuation ratio is... (dB / km) and rainfall intensity (mm / h) through empirical coefficients and The power-law relationship can be established using the following formula: in, The rain attenuation ratio (dB / km) represents the attenuation of electromagnetic wave energy per unit distance caused by rainfall. Rainfall intensity (mm / h) is a key meteorological parameter describing the instantaneous intensity of a rainfall event. and This is an empirical coefficient, the value of which is derived by the ITU based on a large amount of experimental data. It depends not only on the carrier frequency of the signal, but also on the polarization of the signal and the microscopic physical properties of the raindrops.

[0034] Furthermore, the total rain attenuation of the link. The calculation is as follows: in, This represents the effective propagation path length (km), which is not the actual geometric path length, but rather a value derived from the ITU-R P.618-13 model, combined with the upper limit height of the rain layer. Ground station antenna height Path correction factor r and elevation angle The calculated equivalent distance is used to characterize the statistical effect of uneven rainfall on the path in space.

[0035] Specifically, in satellite communication systems, antenna gain This determines the directionality and energy concentration of the transmitted and received signals. Antenna gain and antenna aperture ,wavelength and efficiency The relevant calculation formula is as follows: Furthermore, link performance is also limited by system noise power. System noise is determined by receiver thermal noise, RF front-end noise, and cosmic noise received by the antenna, and its expression is: Among them, P N This represents the system noise power (W). Boltzmann constant , is a physical constant relating temperature and energy; The equivalent noise temperature (K) represents the system's overall noise level. This is a comprehensive parameter that includes not only the receiver's own electronic thermal noise but also the sum of all noise sources received by the antenna, such as cosmic background radiation, atmospheric radiation, and ground radiation. It represents the signal bandwidth (Hz), which is the frequency range of the signal processed by the receiver.

[0036] Specifically, based on the loss calculation results and preset system parameters, the received power of Ku-band and Ka-band links is calculated, including the actual signal power captured by the ground station receiver in the satellite communication link, i.e., the received power. Power is the final result of the sum of all gains and losses throughout the entire link, and is a key indicator for evaluating whether a signal is strong enough to be detected. This power is calculated using a comprehensive power balance equation, expressed in logarithmic form, which encompasses all physical processes from the transmitter to the receiver. The formula is as follows: in, This indicates the transmit power (dBW). and These are the transmit and receive antenna gains (dB), respectively. This represents stray losses in the system, including losses from connectors, feeders, polarization mismatch, pointing errors, etc.

[0037] It's important to note that the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) is the most crucial and direct physical layer parameter for measuring the quality of satellite link communication. The CNR is defined as the ratio between the power of the received useful signal and the total noise power generated within the receiving system. A sufficiently high CNR is a prerequisite for reliable demodulation and meeting bit error rate requirements. Its expression is: in, The system's equivalent noise temperature. This is the receiving bandwidth. Furthermore, to comprehensively evaluate system performance, the link capacity also needs to be calculated. According to Shannon's theorem, the theoretical maximum capacity of a communication channel is: in, The maximum theoretical capacity of the channel (bps) is defined as the maximum information rate that the channel can transmit without errors under a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); SNR represents the signal-to-noise ratio, which is the linear ratio of signal power to noise power and directly determines the amount of information that the channel can carry.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, the acquisition of observables of the current link can also be achieved based on a fusion method of physical model and data-driven approach. That is, a lightweight physical model is used to initially calculate the link loss, while the measurement sequence fed back by the real-time receiver is introduced. These direct measurement values ​​are then subjected to feature extraction and compensation calibration through a trained temporal neural network, and finally, the estimated values ​​of carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin and throughput are output synchronously.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the acquisition of observables of the current link can also be directly implemented through an end-to-end deep learning model. Satellite parameters, antenna status, timestamps and historical meteorological sequences are taken as inputs. Multi-layer cascaded attention networks and temporal convolutional networks are used to implicitly model electromagnetic wave propagation, atmospheric attenuation and rain attenuation effects, and directly output a joint estimate of carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin and throughput.

[0040] It should be noted that step S100 above, by constructing a refined physical layer transmission model that integrates free space loss, atmospheric absorption, and dynamic rain attenuation, can accurately and in real-time quantify the real impact of complex meteorological environments on the performance of Ka and Ku band links. Compared with methods that rely on single, static, or empirical parameters, it provides high-fidelity channel state awareness, thereby fundamentally enhancing the system's adaptability to dynamic environments.

[0041] S200: Perform a first smoothing process on the carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable measurement to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and make a short-term linear prediction based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. In this embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio specifically includes: The exponential moving average algorithm is used to weight and fuse the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment with the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment to obtain the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment. The difference between the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment and the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment is used as the increment of the carrier-to-noise ratio. Based on the increment of the increment, the carrier-to-noise ratio at the next moment is predicted by linear extrapolation, and the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value is obtained.

[0042] Specifically, to suppress rapid fluctuations in the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio (C / N(t)) caused by transient disturbances, short-period fading, or measurement noise, the instantaneous observation is smoothed using an exponential moving average, i.e., the first smoothing process, to obtain the smoothed C / N(t). The formula is expressed as: in, For smoothing coefficients, This represents the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous time step.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the first smoothing process can also be implemented based on the Kalman filter algorithm, which models the change in carrier-to-noise ratio as a dynamic system state containing measurement noise and process noise, and adaptively estimates the optimal smoothing value and generates state predictions for future times through iterative prediction and update steps.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the first smoothing process can also be implemented by a combined wavelet transform and nonlinear regression method. First, the original carrier-to-noise ratio sequence is decomposed into sub-bands of different frequencies using wavelet transform. Threshold denoising is performed on the high-frequency noise sub-bands. Then, nonlinear regression modeling is performed on the reconstructed low-frequency trend components. This effectively removes high-frequency jitter while capturing and predicting the nonlinear evolution trend of the carrier-to-noise ratio.

[0045] Specifically, in this embodiment, to determine whether the link quality is increasing or decreasing, the difference between the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the current moment and the smoothed CNR at the previous moment is used as the increment of the CNR change, expressed by the formula: Furthermore, the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the next time step is predicted using linear extrapolation based on the change increment, resulting in a predicted CNR value. : In an optional embodiment, the prediction step can also be implemented through a long short-term memory network. The smooth carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) sequence and its associated historical meteorological parameters are taken as input, and the LSTM network is trained to learn the complex temporal dependence of CNR changes and the nonlinear mapping of external influencing factors, thereby directly outputting the CNR prediction sequence for multiple future times.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the prediction step can also employ an autoregressive integrated moving average model combined with external regression variables. The ARIMA model is used to capture the linear trend and seasonality of the carrier-to-noise ratio sequence itself, while real-time rainfall intensity, link elevation angle changes, etc. are introduced into the model as exogenous variables for regression correction, thereby enhancing the predictive adaptability to sudden meteorological disturbances within the traditional time series analysis framework.

[0047] It should be noted that step S200 above effectively filters out the severe jitter in the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio caused by measurement noise and rapid small-scale fading through exponential smoothing, obtaining a stable index that reflects the true quality of the link. Further short-term linear trend prediction can distinguish between short-term disturbances and long-term deterioration / recovery trends in the link status, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of status determination and effectively avoiding misjudgments and premature reactions caused by instantaneous signal fluctuations.

[0048] S300: Based on the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio and observable measurements, it performs multi-index joint judgment according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold, and generates link state switching decision signal; In this embodiment of the invention, the preset first threshold, second threshold, and third threshold include: A pair of first thresholds for smoothing carrier-to-noise ratio determination are preset, wherein the first thresholds include a degradation threshold that triggers a switch from Ka band to Ku band and a cut-back threshold that triggers a switch-back from Ku band to Ka band, and the cut-back threshold is higher than the degradation threshold. A preset link margin constraint value for determining link reliability margin is used as the second threshold; A minimum throughput requirement is preset to ensure basic business needs, serving as the third threshold.

[0049] Specifically, the first threshold is the carrier-to-noise ratio hysteresis threshold, including the degradation threshold C / N that triggers the handover from the Ka band to the Ku band. down and the cutback threshold C / N that triggers the cutback from Ku band to Ka band. up One of the sufficient conditions for classifying the Ka band as "bad" is a smooth carrier-to-noise ratio. <C / N down One of the sufficient conditions for the Ka band to be judged as "good" is >C / N up .

[0050] Specifically, the second threshold is the link margin constraint, where the link margin M(t) is defined as the equivalent bit power-to-noise ratio E of the system at time t. b / N o The difference E between (t) and the minimum threshold required by the modulation and coding scheme b / N omin One of the sufficient conditions for the Ka band to be judged as "bad" is M(t) < 3dB, and one of the sufficient conditions for the Ka band to be judged as "good" is M(t) > 3dB.

[0051] Specifically, the third threshold is a service throughput guarantee constraint, introducing available net throughput capacity C(t) as a third-layer constraint to ensure that the link meets the minimum service requirements. One of the sufficient conditions for the Ka band to be judged as "bad" is C(t) < Creq (Minimum business requirements) One of the sufficient conditions for the Ka band to be judged as "good" is C(t) > C req .

[0052] In an optional embodiment, the multi-indicator joint decision-making step can also be implemented through a multi-attribute decision-making model based on fuzzy logic and dynamic weight adjustment. Each observed indicator is mapped to a fuzzy state such as "good", "medium", and "poor" through a membership function, and the decision weight of each indicator is dynamically calculated based on the current business priority and environmental stability. Subsequently, a multi-level fuzzy inference rule base is used to comprehensively evaluate the link status and output a switching tendency value with continuous confidence.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, the multi-index joint decision-making step can also be implemented through an end-to-end joint policy optimization method based on deep reinforcement learning. The observation sequence is used as the state input and the switching decision is used as the action output. Through continuous interaction with the environment, the deep neural network is driven to directly learn the optimal multi-index joint decision-making policy with long-term business satisfaction rate and switching penalty as rewards.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, generating the link state switching decision signal includes: The smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is compared with the first threshold, the actual link margin of the current link is compared with the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput of the current link is compared with the third threshold. When the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is below the degradation threshold ( <C / N down The actual link margin is lower than the second threshold (M(t) < 3dB), and the actual achievable throughput is lower than the third threshold (C(t) < C). req When switching from the Ka band to the Ku band, the first pre-decision signal is initially generated; When the smoothing carrier-to-noise ratio is higher than the back-cut threshold ( >C / N up The actual link margin is higher than the second threshold (M(t) > 3dB), and the actual achievable throughput is higher than the third threshold (C(t) > C). req When the signal is switched back from the Ku band to the Ka band, a second pre-decision signal is initially generated.

[0055] It should be noted that during the link state switching decision generation process, the first pre-decision signal represents the system's preliminary judgment, based on real-time observation and preset thresholds, that the current Ka-band link can no longer meet the comprehensive thresholds of communication quality, reliability, and service requirements, and suggests that the system prepare for a downgrade switch from the Ka-band to the Ku-band. The second pre-decision signal, on the other hand, represents the system's preliminary judgment that the Ka-band link has recovered to a good state that can provide sufficient performance margin and service capacity, and suggests that the system prepare for a switchback from the Ku-band to the Ka-band. Both signals are intermediate instructions generated based on multi-indicator joint judgment and require further verification by subsequent time constraint mechanisms; they are not final execution instructions.

[0056] It should be noted that step S300 above introduces a hysteresis threshold and sets logical conditions on multiple key performance indicators simultaneously, ensuring the rigor and high confidence of the switching decision. This ensures that the system only considers switching when the link performance undergoes substantial, multi-dimensional degradation or improvement, thereby fundamentally suppressing decision oscillations in critical states.

[0057] S400: Based on the link state switching decision signal, and provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met, perform adaptive switching operation between Ka band and Ku band. In this embodiment of the invention, performing the adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band includes: Set a first-state dwell time threshold for pre-decision switching from Ka band to Ku band; A second state dwell time threshold is set for the pre-decision of switching back from Ku band to Ka band; After generating the first pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a severe state are met continuously. In response to the duration of the severe state exceeding the first state dwell time threshold, a decision to trigger a downgrade handover is confirmed. After generating the second pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a good state are met continuously. In response to the good state duration exceeding the second state dwell time threshold, a back-switch decision is triggered.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first state dwell time threshold is 3 seconds. The first state dwell time threshold refers to the shortest time that the adverse state must be maintained after determining that the Ka band link is in a bad state and generating the first pre-decision signal, so as to filter out instantaneous disturbances.

[0059] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second state dwell time threshold is 5 seconds. The second state dwell time threshold refers to the shortest time that the good state must be maintained after determining that the Ka band link has recovered to a good state and generating a second pre-decision signal, so as to ensure the stable recovery of the link.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, performing the adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band further includes: Set a cooling timer and set the cooling cycle duration for the cooling timer; A cooling timer is started after initialization or after each successful frequency band switching operation; During the cooldown timer operation, the current frequency band connection status is locked and any newly generated handover decisions are suspended; the corresponding frequency band handover operation is only performed when a confirmed handover decision has been generated and the cooldown timer has ended.

[0061] Specifically, the discrete-time evolution of the cooling timer is as follows: in, S(t) represents the cooling timer value at time t, S(t) represents the band state (Ka / Ku), and T represents the band state. cool This represents the cooling cycle constant.

[0062] Specifically, the switching allowance equation is expressed as: It should be noted that in step S400 above, the dwell time requirement requires that the adverse or favorable conditions must continue for a certain period of time before the handover is triggered, filtering out short-term weather disturbances; the cooling timer forces the system into a stable period after a handover to prevent an immediate reverse handover. This mechanism extends the rigor of decision-making from the spatial dimension to the temporal dimension, suppressing ping-pong handover to the greatest extent and ensuring the continuity and stability of business connections.

[0063] Example 2, refer to Figures 2-8 Based on the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides an application example of a multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links, to verify and illustrate the technical effects used in this method.

[0064] To verify the effectiveness of the multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links proposed in this invention, the simulation first addresses the contradiction between the high capacity but poor rain attenuation of the Ka band and the high availability but low capacity of the Ku band, referring to... Figures 2 to 4 The theoretical comparison diagram of dual-band rain attenuation, link margin, and link capacity under static rainfall conditions, shown below, clarifies the necessity of handover strategy design. Subsequently, a simulation is constructed as follows... Figure 5 The image shows a simulated environmental scenario of a typical short-duration severe convective rainfall process in Hainan. Under this dynamic rainfall environment, the system continuously monitors and processes the link parameters.

[0065] like Figure 6The diagram illustrates the invention's accurate perception and anti-interference capabilities for link status under complex rainfall conditions by comparing the instantaneous observed value of the Ka-band carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), the smoothed value after exponential moving average processing, and the predicted value obtained by linear extrapolation based on the smoothed value increment. During dynamic rainfall, the original instantaneous CNR (thin solid line in the diagram) exhibits severe sawtooth fluctuations due to measurement noise and rapid rain attenuation. Using this directly as a decision criterion can easily lead to system misjudgments. However, this invention, by introducing exponential moving average smoothing and trend prediction mechanisms, generates a smoothed curve (thick solid line in the diagram) and a predicted curve (dashed line), effectively filtering out high-frequency noise and accurately depicting the true evolution trend of link quality. Combined with the degradation and back-cut hysteresis thresholds shown by the gray dashed line in the diagram, this mechanism ensures that the system only triggers actions when the link status undergoes a substantial change and crosses the protection zone. This lays the foundation for decision stability at the physical layer signal processing stage, effectively preventing critical misjudgments caused by minor signal jitter.

[0066] Based on the processed state information, the system executes the multi-index joint decision and stability control strategy proposed in this invention. For example... Figure 7 As the data shows, the traditional Ka-band fixed strategy, while theoretically offering large bandwidth, suffers from an extremely low service fulfillment rate (approximately 63.3%), resulting in frequent network outages. The Ku-band fixed strategy, while reliable, suffers from excessively low throughput (only about 39.3 Mbps), leading to a significant waste of valuable spectrum resources during clear weather. The multi-index switching strategy of this invention achieves the optimal engineering trade-off: a service fulfillment rate as high as 95.0%, approaching full coverage and ensuring high communication reliability; and an average throughput of 87.8 Mbps, far exceeding the Ku-band fixed mode. This demonstrates that this solution successfully maximizes system performance by dynamically scheduling resources and, without sacrificing service continuity, maximizing the bandwidth potential of the Ka-band.

[0067] Finally, as Figure 8 The provided comparison chart of cumulative handover times directly demonstrates the superiority of this invention in suppressing link jitter and ensuring service continuity. Figure 8The traditional single-threshold handover strategy, represented by the red line, exhibits a dense, step-like increase, with a cumulative handover count as high as 12. This indicates that frequent ping-pong handovers in the Ka / Ku critical state will lead to severe service interruptions and routing renegotiation overhead. In contrast, the multi-index handover strategy of this invention, represented by the blue line, shows a stable trend with a cumulative handover count of only 8, reducing invalid handover operations by approximately 33%. Particularly during the critical time window of rain attenuation fluctuations, the blue line maintains a long-term locked state, thanks to the innovative dwell time constraint and cooling mechanism introduced in this invention. These results fully verify that this solution can effectively filter short-term weather interference, ensure the steady-state characteristics of the communication link on a macroscopic time scale, and thus significantly improve the user's actual service experience.

[0068] In summary, the multi-index switching strategy proposed in this invention achieves a significant breakthrough in addressing the contradiction between "high capacity" and "high availability" in Ku / Ka dual-band communication by constructing a joint decision framework that includes trend prediction and stability factors. This strategy utilizes smoothing processing and trend extrapolation techniques to accurately perceive link status and effectively filter out instantaneous meteorological noise interference. In terms of performance indicators, it successfully achieves a good balance between near-full service fulfillment rate (95.0%) and a relatively high average throughput (87.8 Mbps), avoiding network outages or bandwidth waste caused by fixed-band strategies. Crucially, by introducing dwell time and cooling mechanisms, this invention significantly reduces the number of invalid handovers by approximately 33%, providing an efficient, reliable, and engineering-friendly solution for satellite communication in complex rainfall scenarios while ensuring service continuity and stability.

[0069] Example 3: This example provides a multi-indicator switching system for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link, including: The link parameter monitoring module is used to obtain observable measurements of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; The link status assessment module is used to perform a first smoothing process on the observable carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and to perform a short-term linear prediction based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. The multi-index decision module is used to make joint decisions based on the carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value and observable measurements, according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold, and generate link state switching decision signals. The switching execution and control module is used to perform adaptive switching operations between the Ka band and the Ku band based on the link status switching decision signal, provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met.

[0070] It should be noted that the technical solution of the multi-index switching system for the Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link is based on the same concept as the technical solution of the multi-index switching method for the Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described above. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the multi-index switching system for the Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described above, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the multi-index switching method for the Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link described above.

[0071] The above-mentioned unit modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independent of it, or they can be stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the above modules.

[0072] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an e-ink display. The input device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad mounted on the device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0073] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method proposed in the above embodiments.

[0074] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment belongs to the same inventive concept as the method proposed in the above embodiments. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0075] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, and includes several instructions to cause an electronic device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the method of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-index switching method for Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication links, characterized in that, include: The observable measurements of the current link are obtained in real time by constructing a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; The carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable is first smoothed to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and a short-term linear prediction is made based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. Based on the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio and observable measurements, a multi-index joint decision is made according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold to generate a link state switching decision signal; Based on the link state switching decision signal, and provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met, an adaptive switching operation between the Ka band and the Ku band is performed.

2. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset first threshold, second threshold, and third threshold include: A pair of first thresholds are preset for the smooth carrier-to-noise ratio determination, wherein the first thresholds include a degradation threshold that triggers a switch from Ka band to Ku band and a cutback threshold that triggers a switchback from Ku band to Ka band, and the cutback threshold is higher than the degradation threshold. A preset link margin constraint value for determining link reliability margin is used as the second threshold; A minimum throughput requirement is preset to ensure basic business needs, serving as the third threshold.

3. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The generated link state switching decision signal includes: The smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is compared with the first threshold, the actual link margin of the current link is compared with the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput of the current link is compared with the third threshold. When the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio is lower than the degradation threshold, the actual link margin is lower than the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput is lower than the third threshold, a first pre-decision signal for switching from Ka band to Ku band is initially generated. When the smooth carrier-to-noise ratio is higher than the back-cut threshold, the actual link margin is higher than the second threshold, and the actual achievable throughput is higher than the third threshold, a second pre-decision signal for back-cutting from the Ku band to the Ka band is initially generated.

4. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The adaptive switching operation between Ka band and Ku band includes: Set a first-state dwell time threshold for pre-decision switching from Ka band to Ku band; A second state dwell time threshold is set for the pre-decision of switching back from Ku band to Ka band; After generating the first pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a severe state are met continuously. In response to the duration of the severe state exceeding the first state dwell time threshold, a decision to trigger a downgrade handover is confirmed. After generating the second pre-decision signal, timing begins and the Ka band is continuously monitored to see if the judgment conditions for a good state are met continuously. In response to the good state duration exceeding the second state dwell time threshold, a back-switch decision is confirmed.

5. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The adaptive switching operation between Ka band and Ku band also includes: Set a cooling timer and set the cooling cycle duration for the cooling timer; The cooling timer is started after initialization or after each successful frequency band switching operation; During the operation of the cooling timer, the current frequency band connection status is locked and any newly generated handover decisions are suspended; the corresponding frequency band handover operation is performed only when a confirmed handover decision has been generated and the cooling timer has finished counting down.

6. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time acquisition of observables of the current link through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model includes: Based on preset satellite geometric parameters, ground station parameters, and real-time meteorological data, the free space path loss, atmospheric absorption loss, and rain attenuation loss determined by rainfall intensity for Ku-band and Ka-band links are calculated respectively. Based on the loss calculation results and preset system parameters, the received power of Ku-band and Ka-band links is calculated; Calculate the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio for Ku band and Ka band based on the received power and system noise power. Based on the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, the preset modulation and coding scheme threshold, and the signal bandwidth, the link margin and achievable throughput of the Ku band and Ka band are calculated respectively. The calculated instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio, link margin, and achievable throughput are used as observables for the current link.

7. The multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The obtained carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value includes: The exponential moving average algorithm is used to weight and fuse the instantaneous carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment with the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment to obtain the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment. The difference between the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the current moment and the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio at the previous moment is used as the increment of the carrier-to-noise ratio change. Based on the increment of the change, the carrier-to-noise ratio at the next moment is predicted by linear extrapolation to obtain the predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value.

8. A multi-index switching system for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link, employing the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: The link parameter monitoring module is used to obtain observable measurements of the current link in real time through the constructed Ku / Ka dual-band satellite link transmission model; The link status assessment module is used to perform a first smoothing process on the carrier-to-noise ratio in the observable measurement to obtain a smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio, and to perform a short-term linear prediction based on the changing trend of the smoothed carrier-to-noise ratio to obtain a predicted carrier-to-noise ratio value. The multi-index decision module is used to make a joint decision based on the carrier-to-noise ratio prediction value and observable measurement, according to the preset first threshold, second threshold and third threshold, and generate a link state switching decision signal. The switching execution and control module is used to perform adaptive switching operations between the Ka band and the Ku band based on the link status switching decision signal, provided that the preset state duration and cooling time conditions are met.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and when the processor executes the computer-executable instructions, it implements the steps of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the multi-index switching method for a Ku / Ka dual-band satellite communication link as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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