A multi-communication link based field monitoring terminal adaptive data transmission method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of based on multi-communication link field monitoring terminal adaptive data transmission method, belong to field intelligent monitoring and wireless communication technical field.The present application constructs the data transmission mechanism of multiple link cooperation by fusing cellular communication, high flux satellite communication and Tiantong satellite communication and other multiple communication links;Through link state perception and dynamic evaluation, the adaptive selection and switching between different communication links are realized;Through data classification and priority scheduling strategy, the differentiated transmission of monitoring data is realized;Through edge side data screening and compression processing, transmission load and energy consumption are reduced.The present application effectively solves the problems of unstable data backhaul, low transmission efficiency and high power consumption in field networkless or weak network environment, significantly improves the data reliability and real-time performance of field monitoring system, and has important ecological monitoring and intelligent sensing application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of field intelligent monitoring technology and wireless heterogeneous communication technology. Specifically, it relates to an adaptive data transmission method for field monitoring terminals based on multiple communication links. It is particularly suitable for wide-area field monitoring terminals equipped with infrared trigger sensing units and can be widely used in all-weather monitoring scenarios with no or weak public network coverage, such as wildlife protection, nature reserve monitoring, border security control, and field ecological environment monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's ecological protection efforts and the continuous increase in demand for wide-area field security, infrared-triggered monitoring terminals, with their advantages of low power consumption, strong concealment, and unattended operation for triggering and data collection, have become core equipment in scenarios such as wildlife monitoring, nature reserve management, border intrusion early warning, and field disaster prevention and mitigation. Traditional infrared-triggered monitoring terminals mostly adopt local storage mode, requiring staff to regularly go to the field to retrieve monitoring data. This not only results in high maintenance costs and extremely poor timeliness, but also fails to provide real-time early warning and rapid response to emergencies such as poaching and illegal intrusion, making it difficult to meet the operational needs of modern field monitoring.

[0003] To address the timeliness issue of data backhaul, existing technologies are gradually equipping infrared monitoring terminals with wireless communication modules. The most widely used are cellular communication modules (4G / 5G), but these heavily rely on public network base station coverage. However, most field monitoring scenarios are located in remote mountainous areas, deserts, wetlands, and other regions with weak or no public network signal coverage, severely limiting the application scope of cellular communication. To achieve data backhaul in areas without public networks, existing technologies have introduced satellite communication solutions. Tiantong-1 satellite communication offers advantages such as full-area coverage, stable links, and strong resilience, but its narrow channel bandwidth and high cost per unit of data allow for the transmission of only lightweight text and thumbnail data, failing to meet the transmission requirements of high-definition images, videos, and other large-volume content. High-throughput satellite communication offers advantages such as large bandwidth and low cost per unit of data, but it is significantly affected by weather attenuation and antenna pointing, resulting in large fluctuations in link stability and high terminal power consumption, making it unsuitable for the needs of long-term, low-power deployment in the field.

[0004] To address the inherent limitations of single communication links, existing technologies have proposed partial multi-mode communication fusion solutions. However, these solutions are mostly simple hardware stacking of different communication modules, employing only a fixed priority switching logic of "cellular priority, satellite fallback," without in-depth optimization considering the service characteristics of outdoor infrared monitoring, complex channel environments, and terminal power consumption constraints. Therefore, they suffer from the following core technical defects:

[0005] First, the link selection and switching mechanism is rigid and lacks adaptability. Existing solutions rely solely on signal strength as the basis for link switching, without comprehensively considering multiple parameters such as available bandwidth, transmission latency, packet loss rate, traffic cost, and power consumption per transmission. This makes it impossible to dynamically adjust decision-making strategies according to the complex and ever-changing channel environment in the field, which can easily lead to problems such as frequent link switching, transmission interruption, and data packet loss, and cannot guarantee the stability and reliability of data transmission in extreme environments.

[0006] Secondly, the lack of differentiated data management tailored to the characteristics of infrared monitoring services results in significant losses from invalid transmissions. Outdoor infrared triggering terminals experience numerous invalid triggers due to changes in ambient temperature, fluctuations in light intensity, and vegetation movement. Existing solutions fail to accurately filter invalid data at the edge, directly waking the communication module upon triggering and resulting in substantial bandwidth waste and power consumption. Furthermore, the lack of prioritization for valid monitoring data prevents the matching of transmission links based on data urgency, leading to issues such as excessive latency in emergency alarm data transmission and non-core data consuming high-cost satellite links, resulting in extremely low transmission efficiency.

[0007] Third, power consumption control is mismatched with the needs of long-term deployment in the field. The existing multi-mode solution requires the main control unit and communication module to be in standby mode for a long time for link status awareness, without a low-power awareness scheduling mechanism, resulting in high standby power consumption. At the same time, no hierarchical wake-up and batch transmission strategies are designed for the power consumption characteristics of different communication modules, resulting in frequent invalid wake-ups of communication modules. In particular, the peak power consumption of satellite communication modules is much higher than that of cellular modules, which further aggravates the terminal's power consumption. In the field, where there is no continuous power supply, it is impossible to achieve long-term, all-weather stable operation.

[0008] Fourth, the existing solution fails to achieve multi-dimensional coordinated scheduling of link characteristics, data requirements, and power status. It cannot simultaneously address the real-time performance, reliability, cost control, and terminal battery life of data transmission. It cannot guarantee the transmission rights of core emergency data when the power is low, nor can it dynamically adjust the data transmission strategy when the link status fluctuates. As a result, it is difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing environment in the field and the core requirement of all-weather monitoring.

[0009] In summary, current technologies have not yet proposed an adaptive data transmission scheme for field monitoring terminals that can simultaneously integrate cellular communication, high-throughput satellite communication, and Tiantong satellite communication, while also considering transmission reliability, transmission efficiency, cost control, and low power consumption requirements. This makes it impossible to meet the business needs of intelligent field monitoring in wide-area environments without public networks. To address these issues, this invention proposes an adaptive data transmission method for field monitoring terminals based on multiple communication links. Summary of the Invention

[0010] (a) Technical problems to be solved The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art and, addressing the core business requirements of infrared trigger monitoring terminals in environments with no or weak public networks, solve the four core technical problems of existing multi-mode communication transmission solutions: 1. The link selection and switching mechanism is rigid and lacks adaptability. Existing solutions rely solely on signal strength as the sole criterion for link switching, without comprehensively considering multiple parameters such as link bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, transmission cost, and environmental interference. This makes them unsuitable for the complex and ever-changing channel environment in the field, easily leading to problems such as frequent link switching, transmission interruption, and data packet loss. In extreme scenarios, the reliability of data transmission is extremely poor.

[0011] 2. The lack of differentiated data management based on the characteristics of infrared monitoring services results in significant losses from invalid transmissions. The existing solution does not perform precise edge-side filtering for the large number of invalid triggers (temperature changes, light fluctuations, vegetation movement, etc.) from infrared trigger terminals, nor does it prioritize valid data. After triggering, the communication module is directly woken up for transmission, resulting in serious bandwidth waste and power consumption. At the same time, it is prone to problems such as excessive latency in emergency alarm data transmission and non-core data occupying high-cost satellite links, resulting in extremely low transmission efficiency.

[0012] 3. Power consumption control is severely mismatched with the requirements of long-term field deployment. Existing multi-mode solutions lack low-power link awareness and hierarchical wake-up mechanisms, requiring the main control unit and communication module to remain in standby mode for extended periods. Invalid wake-ups are frequent, especially since the peak power consumption of the satellite communication module is much higher than that of the cellular module, resulting in persistently high standby power consumption for the terminal. In field scenarios without continuous power supply, long-term unattended 24 / 7 operation is impossible.

[0013] 4. The existing solution fails to achieve multi-dimensional collaborative scheduling and cannot meet the needs of multiple services. It cannot coordinate the three core constraints of link status, data service requirements, and terminal power status. It cannot simultaneously ensure the real-time performance, reliability, cost control, and terminal battery life of data transmission. Especially in harsh scenarios such as low power and extreme weather, it cannot guarantee the transmission rights of core emergency data and is difficult to adapt to the all-weather monitoring needs of complex field scenarios.

[0014] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides an adaptive data transmission method for a field monitoring terminal based on multiple communication links. The field monitoring terminal is equipped with a multi-mode communication unit consisting of an infrared trigger sensing unit, a main control processing unit, an integrated cellular communication module, a high-throughput satellite communication module, a Tiantong satellite communication module, and a power management unit. The method includes the following core steps: S1. Multi-link status awareness and quantitative assessment: In non-transmission mode, the terminal periodically collects the real-time status parameters of each link of cellular communication, high-throughput satellite communication and Tiantong satellite communication through a low-power channel. Based on the preset multi-dimensional assessment model, the comprehensive availability of each link is quantitatively scored and a list of link availability ranking is generated. S2. Monitoring data edge preprocessing and classification: After the terminal collects monitoring data through the infrared-triggered sensing unit, it first performs invalid data filtering and lightweight compression processing at the edge side, and then divides the valid monitoring data into priority according to the preset event classification rules, generating data queues to be transmitted with different priorities. S3, Link-Data Adaptive Matching and Scheduling Decision: The terminal uses data priority as the core constraint, and combines the comprehensive availability of each link, single-bit transmission power consumption, and unit traffic cost to match the optimal communication link for data to be transmitted with different priorities. At the same time, it generates transmission scheduling instructions based on the terminal power status. S4. Link Adaptive Switching and Cooperative Transmission Execution: The terminal wakes up the working channel of the corresponding communication link according to the transmission scheduling instruction and executes data transmission; during the transmission process, the link status is monitored in real time. When the overall availability of the main link being used is lower than the preset switching threshold, it automatically switches to the backup optimal link to complete the breakpoint resume transmission. At the same time, multi-link cooperative batch scheduling transmission is performed on non-urgent data.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the real-time status parameters include signal strength, available link bandwidth, round-trip time, packet loss rate, and environmental rain attenuation correction coefficient; the multi-dimensional evaluation model is a weighted summation model, and the calculation formula is: Overall Availability = Σ(Standardized values ​​of each dimension parameter × corresponding weights) The weights of each dimension can be pre-configured according to the deployment scenario and business needs. The overall availability score ranges from 0 to 100 points, with higher scores indicating better overall link transmission performance.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1, the execution logic of the low-power channel is as follows: In non-transmission mode, the main transceiver channels of the main control processing unit and the multi-mode communication unit are physically powered off. Only the nanoampere-level low-power MCU is periodically woken up to complete the acquisition of link status parameters through the narrowband signaling channels of each communication module. After a single acquisition is completed, it immediately enters the sleep state. The sensing period can be dynamically adjusted according to the historical stability of the link. The higher the link stability, the longer the sensing period.

[0017] Further, in step S2, the invalid data filtering process is as follows: After the infrared trigger sensing unit outputs a trigger signal, it first performs pixel-level change detection through a low-power MCU, filtering out invalid trigger data caused by changes in ambient temperature, light fluctuations, and vegetation movement. For valid data that passes the initial screening, target identification and event classification are performed using a lightweight edge target detection model, and invalid monitoring data without targets are removed.

[0018] Further, in step S2, the logic of the lightweight compression process is as follows: Based on the available bandwidth of the link to be matched, the compression ratio, resolution and frame rate of the monitoring data are adaptively adjusted; for narrowband link transmission scenarios, the structured feature information of the monitoring data is extracted synchronously to generate lightweight data packets containing collection time, geographical location, target type and trigger event level, and the original high-definition monitoring data is transmitted only in broadband link scenarios.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the priority of the valid monitoring data is divided into at least three levels: The first level is the emergency priority, which corresponds to events including protected species triggering, illegal intrusion, equipment anti-tampering alarms, and equipment malfunctions. The second level is the routine priority, which includes routine wildlife activity monitoring and routine environmental parameter collection. The third level is the cache priority, which corresponds to events including non-core environment time-series data and low-interest routinely triggered data. Different priority data correspond to preset maximum transmission delay, delivery rate requirements and transmission bandwidth thresholds.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the core rule for link-data adaptive matching is: For urgent priority data, with transmission delivery rate and latency as the primary constraints, the communication links with the highest overall availability and lowest end-to-end latency are prioritized for matching. The link selection priority is Tiantong satellite communication > cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication. For regular priority data, with transmission cost and power consumption as the core constraints, priority is given to matching communication links with low unit traffic cost and low power consumption per transmission. The link selection priority is cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication > Tiantong satellite communication. For cached priority data, based on the constraints of terminal battery life and link idle status, batch transmission is scheduled only when the terminal's remaining battery power is higher than a preset battery power threshold and the overall link availability is higher than a preset transmission threshold.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, the logic for generating transmission scheduling instructions based on the power supply status is as follows: The power management unit obtains the terminal's remaining power, solar charging power, and the battery capacity depletion factor due to ambient temperature in real time, and dynamically adjusts the transmission permissions and link selection thresholds for each priority data. When the remaining battery power of the terminal is lower than the preset low battery threshold, the transmission permissions of regular priority and cached priority data are closed, and only the emergency transmission channel for emergency priority data is retained.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S4, the logic for the adaptive link switching is as follows: During transmission, the overall availability of the main link is monitored in real time. When the overall availability of the main link is lower than the preset switching threshold for N consecutive monitoring cycles, the terminal automatically selects the optimal backup link from the link availability ranking list, completes the link handshake and breakpoint resumption, and avoids data loss and duplicate transmission; where N is a configurable positive integer.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S4, the logic for the multi-link collaborative batch scheduling transmission is as follows: For non-urgent, regular priority and cached priority data, the terminal combines the high-throughput satellite transit time window, cellular communication off-peak hours, and solar charging peak hours to cache the data to be transmitted locally in advance. During the preset optimal transmission window, the corresponding communication link is woken up all at once to complete the batch centralized transmission, reducing the wake-up frequency of the communication module and standby power consumption.

[0024] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Significantly improves the adaptive capability and data reliability of multi-link transmission. This invention uses a multi-dimensional link status evaluation model that comprehensively considers multiple parameters such as signal strength, bandwidth, latency, packet loss rate, and environmental rain attenuation, replacing the rigid switching logic of existing single signal thresholds, and achieving accurate quantification of link availability. At the same time, it designs an adaptive switching mechanism with real-time monitoring and breakpoint resumption, effectively avoiding the problems of frequent link switching and transmission interruption, and ensuring the stability and delivery rate of data transmission in complex channel environments in the field.

[0025] 2. Significantly reduces invalid transmission losses, improving transmission efficiency and cost control. This invention, combining the business characteristics of infrared trigger monitoring, designs a two-level invalid data filtering mechanism to identify and eliminate invalid trigger data at the source, avoiding the waste of traffic and power consumption caused by invalid transmission. Simultaneously, through data priority grading and link differentiation matching strategies, it achieves priority protection for emergency data and low-cost transmission of non-core data, completely solving the problems of excessive latency for emergency data and high-cost link occupation for non-core data in existing solutions, significantly improving transmission efficiency and reducing field maintenance costs.

[0026] 3. Achieve ultra-low power consumption control, adaptable to long-term, all-weather deployment in the field. This invention designs a dedicated low-power link sensing channel. In non-transmission states, the main control and communication main channels are physically powered off, with only the microcontroller unit periodically waking up to collect data, significantly reducing standby power consumption. At the same time, through a hierarchical wake-up and batch centralized transmission mechanism, the frequency of invalid wake-ups of the communication module is reduced, and the number of times high-power communication modules are activated is reduced, effectively extending the terminal's battery life and meeting the long-term unattended deployment requirements in field scenarios without continuous power supply.

[0027] 4. Achieve multi-dimensional collaborative scheduling to fully adapt to the needs of field monitoring operations. This invention takes data priority as the core and dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy in conjunction with link performance and terminal power status, which can simultaneously take into account the real-time performance, reliability, cost control and terminal battery life of data transmission; especially in extreme low-power scenarios, it can guarantee the transmission rights of core emergency data, completely solving the shortcomings of existing solutions that cannot meet the needs of multiple services, and can be widely adapted to various field monitoring scenarios without public network, such as wildlife protection, nature reserve monitoring, border security control, and field disaster prevention and mitigation. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention is described with reference to the following figures: Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the adaptive data transmission method for field monitoring terminals based on multiple communication links described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-link state perception and quantitative evaluation process in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring data edge preprocessing and priority classification process in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the link-data adaptive matching and scheduling decision-making process in this invention; Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] Example 1: Hardware foundation for the implementation example: The field monitoring terminal described in this embodiment is an infrared-triggered field monitoring camera, suitable for scenarios without public network deployment, such as wildlife monitoring in nature reserves and border security. The core hardware configuration is as follows: 1. Infrared trigger sensing unit: It adopts a dual PIR infrared sensor, paired with a 1 / 2.8-inch CMOS image sensor, 940nm infrared illumination without red exposure, trigger response time ≤0.2s, and trigger sensitivity is adjustable in multiple levels; 2. Main control processing unit: It adopts a low-power main control MCU with an ARM Cortex-M7 core, and has a built-in lightweight target detection inference framework to support real-time target recognition and event classification at the edge. 3. Multi-mode communication unit: integrates 4GCat.1 cellular communication module, China Satcom high-throughput satellite communication module, and Tiantong-1 satellite communication module. All three modules are equipped with independent and controllable power supply circuits, which can be physically disconnected when not in operation, with zero leakage. 4. Power Management Unit: Equipped with a 10000mAh low-temperature lithium battery, paired with a 10W monocrystalline silicon solar charging panel, and integrated with a dedicated battery management chip, it can collect parameters such as remaining power, charging power, and battery temperature in real time. 5. Low-power auxiliary MCU: A nanoampere-level MCU with standby power consumption ≤0.5μA is used to perform periodic sensing of link status and infrared trigger screening, and it operates independently of the main control unit.

[0030] Based on the aforementioned field monitoring terminal, this embodiment further proposes an adaptive data transmission method for field monitoring terminals based on multiple communication links. The specific implementation steps are as follows, with complete details provided in the appendix. Figure 1 Overall process: Step 1: Multi-link state awareness and quantitative assessment (e.g.) Figure 2 (As shown) After the terminal completes deployment and powers on, it enters a low-power standby state by default and performs the following operations: 1. In non-transmission and non-triggering states, the main transceiver channels of the main control processing unit and the multi-mode communication unit are physically powered off, and only the low-power auxiliary MCU is in standby state, which is periodically woken up according to the initial 30-minute cycle; 2. After the auxiliary MCU is woken up, it collects real-time status parameters of the three links of cellular, high-throughput satellite and Tiantong satellite through the narrowband signaling channels of each communication module, including signal strength (RSRP), available bandwidth, round-trip time (RTT), packet loss rate and environmental rain attenuation correction coefficient. 3. The MCU assists in standardizing the collected parameters from 0 to 1, and calculates the overall availability of each link based on the preset multi-dimensional weighted evaluation model. In this embodiment, the weights of each dimension are configured as follows: signal strength 30%, available bandwidth 25%, round-trip time 15%, packet loss rate 20%, rain attenuation correction coefficient 10%, and the overall availability score range is 0-100 points. 4. Generate a list of links available from high to low based on the comprehensive availability score. At the same time, update the link stability data based on the fluctuation of the current and historical link parameters, and dynamically adjust the next sensing period: the higher the link stability, the longer the sensing period, which can be extended to a maximum of 2 hours; the greater the link fluctuation, the shorter the sensing period, which can be shortened to a minimum of 5 minutes. 5. After completing parameter acquisition and calculation, the auxiliary MCU immediately enters sleep mode, completing one sensing cycle.

[0031] Step 2: Monitoring data edge preprocessing and classification (e.g.) Figure 3 (As shown) When the infrared trigger sensing unit detects a change in infrared radiation and outputs a trigger signal, the terminal performs the following operations: 1. Initial Screening: The low-power auxiliary MCU first performs pixel-level change detection on the acquired image. If the image change is lower than the preset threshold, it is determined to be an invalid trigger caused by environmental temperature change, light fluctuation, or vegetation movement, and the data is discarded directly, and the terminal returns to the low-power standby state; if the change is higher than the threshold, it is determined to be a valid trigger, and the main control processing unit is woken up. 2. Target Recognition and Filtering: The main control unit starts the lightweight edge target detection model to perform target recognition on the triggered image. If no valid target is recognized, the data is deemed invalid and discarded. The main control unit and all modules are powered off, and the terminal returns to standby mode. If a valid target is recognized, the process proceeds to the next step. 3. Adaptive Data Compression: Based on the latest link availability ranking list, the available bandwidth of the optimal link is obtained, and the compression ratio and resolution of the image are adaptively adjusted: If the optimal link is a Tiantong satellite narrowband link, the image is compressed to a thumbnail of less than 10KB, while extracting structured data such as acquisition time, GPS geographical location, target type, and event level to generate a lightweight data packet; if the optimal link is a cellular or high-throughput satellite broadband link, the high-definition original image is retained, and the video frame rate is compressed as needed. 4. Priority Classification: Based on the identified target type and event type, valid data is divided into three priority levels: Emergency Priority: When events such as nationally protected animals, illegal intrusion, equipment tampering triggering, and battery malfunction are detected, the maximum preset transmission delay is ≤10s, and the delivery rate is required to be 100%. Normal priority: Identify routine wildlife and routine environmental parameter collection events, preset maximum transmission latency ≤24h, delivery rate requirement ≥99%; Cache priority: Non-core environment time-series data, low-interest triggered events without a clear target, no mandatory transmission latency requirements, and a delivery rate requirement of ≥95%; 5. Based on the priority of the results, store the data into the corresponding queue to be transmitted.

[0032] Step 3: Link-Data Adaptive Matching and Scheduling Decisions (e.g.) Figure 4 (As shown) The main control unit, combining the data queue to be transmitted, the link availability ranking list, and the terminal power status parameters collected by the power management unit, performs the following matching decision: 1. For emergency priority data queues: With transmission delivery rate and latency as the primary constraints, the link with the highest overall availability and lowest end-to-end latency is selected first. The link selection priority is: Tiantong satellite communication > cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication; at the same time, dual-link redundant transmission is initiated, and two links with the highest availability are selected for parallel transmission to ensure reliable delivery of alarm data. 2. For regular priority data queues: With transmission cost and power consumption as the core constraints, links with low unit traffic cost and low power consumption per transmission are selected first. The link selection priority is: cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication > Tiantong satellite communication; if the availability of the cellular link is 0, switch to the high-throughput satellite link. 3. For cached priority data queues: First, determine whether the terminal's remaining battery power is higher than the preset threshold of 50% of the total battery power, and whether the optimal link's overall availability is higher than the preset transmission threshold of 60 points. If both criteria are met, match the corresponding optimal link; otherwise, the data continues to be cached locally, waiting for the next scheduling cycle. 4. Power Status Linkage Adjustment: Real-time acquisition of terminal remaining power, solar charging power, and the degradation factor of battery capacity due to ambient temperature, dynamically adjusting transmission permissions: When the remaining power is less than 20% of the total power, the transmission permissions of regular priority and cached priority data are closed, and only the Tiantong satellite emergency transmission channel for emergency priority data is retained; when the remaining power is less than 10%, only the simplified data transmission permissions for device tamper prevention and fault alarms are retained. 5. After link matching is completed, the final transmission scheduling instruction is generated, including the communication link to be activated, the transmission time window, and the transmission data content.

[0033] Step 4: Link Adaptive Switching and Cooperative Transmission Execution The terminal executes data transmission operations according to the transmission scheduling instructions: 1. Tiered wake-up: Only the communication link module specified by the scheduling command is woken up, while other unspecified modules remain physically powered off; urgent data is immediately woken up by the corresponding module to perform transmission; non-urgent data is transmitted according to the preset optimal transmission window period; 2. Batch transmission scheduling: For non-urgent data with regular priority and cache priority, the terminal combines the high-throughput satellite transit time window, cellular communication idle time period and solar charging peak time period to merge and cache multiple batches of data to be transmitted, and wake up the corresponding link at the optimal window period to complete batch centralized transmission, reducing the wake-up frequency of communication modules; 3. Adaptive switching: During transmission, the overall availability of the main link is monitored in real time. When the overall availability of the main link is lower than the preset switching threshold of 30 minutes for three consecutive monitoring periods, the terminal automatically selects the best backup link from the link availability ranking list, completes the link handshake and breakpoint resume transmission, and avoids data loss and duplicate transmission. 4. After the transmission is completed, the corresponding communication module is immediately physically powered off, and the terminal returns to a low-power standby state, waiting for the next trigger event or link sensing cycle.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive data transmission method for a field monitoring terminal based on multiple communication links, characterized in that, The field monitoring terminal is equipped with an infrared trigger sensing unit, a main control processing unit, a multi-mode communication unit, and a power management unit. The multi-mode communication unit includes at least a cellular communication module, a high-throughput satellite communication module, and a Tiantong satellite communication module. The method includes the following steps: S1 Multi-link Status Awareness and Quantitative Evaluation: In non-transmission mode, real-time status parameters of each communication link are periodically collected through a low-power channel. Based on a preset multi-dimensional evaluation model, the comprehensive availability of each link is quantitatively scored, and a list of link availability rankings is generated. S2 monitoring data edge preprocessing and classification: The monitoring data is collected by the infrared trigger sensing unit. Then, invalid data is filtered and lightweight compression is performed at the edge. Then, the valid data is prioritized according to the preset event classification rules to generate data queues to be transmitted with different priorities. S3 Link - Adaptive Data Matching and Scheduling Decision: Taking data priority as the core constraint, combined with the overall availability of each link, power consumption per bit, and cost per unit traffic, it matches the optimal communication link for data with different priorities and generates transmission scheduling instructions in conjunction with the terminal power status. S4 Link Adaptive Switching and Cooperative Transmission Execution: The corresponding communication link is awakened according to the transmission scheduling instruction to execute data transmission. The link status is monitored in real time during the transmission process. When the availability of the main link is lower than the preset switching threshold, it automatically switches to the backup optimal link to complete the breakpoint resume transmission. Multi-link cooperative batch scheduling transmission is performed for non-urgent data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the real-time status parameters include signal strength, available bandwidth, round-trip time, packet loss rate, and environmental rain attenuation correction coefficient; the multi-dimensional evaluation model is a weighted summation model, and the weights of each dimension can be pre-configured according to the deployment scenario. The comprehensive availability score ranges from 0 to 100 points, and the higher the score, the better the comprehensive transmission performance of the link.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the execution logic of the low-power channel is as follows: In non-transmission mode, the main control processing unit and the main transceiver channel of the multi-mode communication unit are physically powered off. Only the nanoampere-level low-power MCU is periodically woken up to complete parameter acquisition through the narrowband signaling channels of each communication module. After a single acquisition is completed, it immediately enters sleep mode. The sensing period can be dynamically adjusted according to the historical stability of the link.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the invalid data filtering process is as follows: After infrared triggering, pixel-level change detection is first performed by a low-power MCU to filter out invalid trigger data caused by temperature changes, light fluctuations, and vegetation swaying. For the data that passes the initial screening, target identification is performed using a lightweight edge target detection model to eliminate invalid monitoring data without targets.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the priority of the valid monitoring data is divided into at least three levels: The first level is the emergency priority, which corresponds to protected species triggering, illegal intrusion, equipment anti-tampering, and fault alarms. The second level is the routine priority, which corresponds to routine wildlife activities and environmental parameter collection; The third level is the cache priority, which corresponds to non-core time-series data and low-interest triggered data. Different priorities correspond to preset transmission delay and delivery rate requirements.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the core rule for link-data matching is: For emergency priority data, delivery rate and latency are the primary constraints, and the link selection priority is Tiantong satellite communication > cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication; The conventional priority data is based on cost and power consumption as the core constraints, and the link selection priority is cellular communication > high-throughput satellite communication > Tiantong satellite communication; Priority data in the cache is scheduled for batch transmission only when both the terminal's battery level and link availability are above a preset threshold.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the logic for generating scheduling instructions based on the power supply status is as follows: Real-time acquisition of terminal remaining power, solar charging power, and temperature-induced battery capacity degradation coefficient; dynamic adjustment of transmission permissions and link thresholds for each priority data. When the remaining battery power is lower than the preset low battery threshold, the transmission permissions for regular and cached priority data are closed, and only the emergency transmission channel for emergency priority data is retained.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the logic for the multi-link collaborative batch scheduling transmission is as follows: For non-urgent data, the terminal combines high-throughput satellite transit windows, cellular communication off-peak hours, and solar charging peak hours to cache the data to be transmitted locally. During the optimal transmission window, the corresponding link is woken up all at once to complete centralized transmission, reducing the frequency of communication module wake-up and standby power consumption.

Images