A high-efficiency low-noise dust removal and dust recovery integrated system for a PCB panel splitter

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of dust recovery technology, and more particularly to an integrated system for high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and recovery for PCB depaneling machines, comprising: a dust generation period determination module, used to determine high dust release candidate points, extracting the times corresponding to the high dust release candidate points from the complete depaneling time series as high dust generation time intervals; a key dust control area determination module, used to extract the number of sampling points of the depaneling machine and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time intervals, calculate the mid-time enhancement weight and weighted space center, calculate the half-width of the region based on the weighted space center, and construct the key dust control area; a negative pressure constraint boundary construction module, used to select the set of suction ports that play a role in the key dust control area from a preset suction port sequence, calculate the corresponding target negative pressure set value and total negative pressure envelope strength, and define the set of positions where the total negative pressure envelope strength reaches the effective constraint threshold as the negative pressure constraint boundary; and a dust suction and recovery module, used to perform directional correction on the target negative pressure set value, update the total negative pressure envelope strength based on the corrected target negative pressure set value, and drive a fan through a controller to guide the dust into the recovery unit to complete dust recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust recovery technology, and more particularly to an integrated system for high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery for PCB depaneling machines. Background Technology

[0002] PCB depaneling machines are used to separate assembled printed circuit boards along preset connection points. In electronic manufacturing lines, they typically operate at high frequency, continuously, and in a rhythmic manner. During the depaneling process, cutting tools, saw blades, milling components, or other separation mechanisms exert cutting, friction, and fracture effects on the substrate, fiberglass reinforcement layer, resin layer, and locally metallized areas, resulting in dust with a large particle size range, rapid diffusion speed, and a certain degree of buoyancy. Compared to general machining dust, this type of dust exhibits more pronounced process coupling characteristics. Its generation process is closely related to the stages of the cutting tool approaching the connecting ribs, cutting into the connecting ribs, cutting through the material, and detaching from the connection point. Therefore, it manifests as a short-term concentrated release in time and rapid diffusion in space around a localized area near the connecting ribs.

[0003] Meanwhile, the space near the depaneling head is usually quite compact. Mechanical movement, backflow within the enclosure, and localized structural obstructions further alter the dust diffusion path, causing dust to migrate and accumulate in the surrounding work area, transmission parts, and electrical component areas within a very short time. If this type of dust is not collected promptly, it will not only lead to dust accumulation inside the equipment, fixture contamination, and adhesion to the finished product surface, but also affect the long-term stability of guide rails, lead screws, sensors, motors, and control components, increasing maintenance frequency and environmental remediation pressure. In existing technologies, common dust removal methods for PCB depaneling machines involve setting up fixed suction ports near the depaneling area and continuously drawing air, relying on localized high wind velocities to suck dust into dust collection boxes, filters, or external dust removal devices.

[0004] While these solutions have a relatively simple structure, they still have significant limitations in practical use: First, the suction intensity is usually kept constant throughout the entire separation cycle, making it difficult to match with the peak dust release periods. This can easily lead to ineffective high-load operation, resulting in high energy consumption and operating noise. Second, fixed suction ports mainly rely on a single direction or local location to form a collection capacity. However, PCB separation dust has strong local escape, rewind, and path-spreading characteristics in the early stages of its generation. Dust may deviate from the main working area of ​​the suction port before entering the effective suction range, resulting in low front-end collection efficiency. Third, existing solutions mostly focus on removing dust from the separation point, lacking coordinated organization of high dust generation periods, key dust generation areas, negative pressure boundaries, and subsequent flow and recovery paths. This means that even after some dust is removed, it may still be re-deposited in dead corners of the enclosure, pipeline transition areas, or local low-speed areas, making it difficult to achieve a truly efficient and low-noise integrated dust removal and recovery effect.

[0005] Therefore, given the characteristics of PCB depaneling machines, such as concentrated dust release times, clearly defined key areas, rapid initial diffusion, and high requirements for recovery stability, it is necessary to establish a system that integrates the identification of high dust generation periods, the determination of key dust control areas, the formation of negative pressure constraint boundaries, and the directional suction and recovery process. This will improve dust removal efficiency and recovery stability while ensuring low-noise operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated system for high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery for PCB depaneling machines, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an integrated system for high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and recovery for PCB depaneling machines, comprising:

[0008] The dust generation period determination module is used to determine the high dust release candidate point based on the current change rate and tool position sampling value of the PCB separator sampling point, and extract the time corresponding to the high dust release candidate point from the complete PCB separator time series as the high dust generation time interval.

[0009] The key dust control area determination module is used to extract the number of sampling points of the PCB separator and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time interval, calculate the time mid-enhancement weight and weighted spatial center corresponding to each sampling time, calculate the half-width of the region based on the weighted spatial center, and construct the key dust control area based on the weighted spatial center and the half-width of the region.

[0010] The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module is used to filter out the set of vacuum ports that are effective for the key dust control area from the preset vacuum port sequence. For each vacuum port in the vacuum port set, the corresponding target negative pressure setting value is calculated through the negative pressure setting function. The total negative pressure envelope strength is calculated based on the target negative pressure setting value. The set of positions where the total negative pressure envelope strength reaches the effective constraint threshold is defined as the negative pressure constraint boundary.

[0011] The dust extraction and recovery module is used to make directional corrections to the target negative pressure setting value, update the total negative pressure envelope strength based on the corrected target negative pressure setting value, and drive the fan through the controller to guide the dust into the recovery unit to complete the dust recovery.

[0012] In some embodiments, before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the PCB separator sampling points, the process includes:

[0013] During the sampling period, the drive current feedback signal is read from the servo driver;

[0014] Based on the value of the sampling period, the rate of change of the driving current feedback signal is calculated.

[0015] In some embodiments, before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the depaneling machine sampling points, the method further includes:

[0016] Read the board separation path from the process document;

[0017] The path of the plate is parsed to generate the location range of the connecting ribs.

[0018] In some embodiments, before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the depaneling machine sampling points, the process specifically includes:

[0019] When the rate of change of the current is greater than the calibrated threshold and the sampled value of the tool position falls within the position range of the connecting rib, the current moment is determined to be a candidate point for high dust release.

[0020] In some embodiments, extracting the number of sampling points of the PCB separator and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time interval specifically includes:

[0021] When the PCB splitter sampling point is a single point, the sampling value of the tool position corresponding to the PCB splitter sampling point is used as the weighted space center.

[0022] When there are two or more sampling points of the board splitter, the sampling time corresponding to the sampling point of the board splitter is extracted, and the time mid-enhancement weight and weighted space center corresponding to each sampling time are calculated.

[0023] In some embodiments, the region half-width is generated by calculating a region function, the parameters of which include the offset of the sampling position relative to the center of the weighted space, the tool position sampling value, the start and end times of the high dust generation time interval, and the expansion coefficient.

[0024] In some embodiments, the parameters of the negative pressure setting function include the basic negative pressure setting value corresponding to the weighted space center, the target negative pressure setting value near the key dust control area, the installation position of the dust suction port in the partition direction, the weighted space center, the area half width, the boundary expansion amount, and the shoulder correction coefficient.

[0025] In some embodiments, the total negative pressure envelope strength is generated by calculating an envelope function, the parameters of which include the set of suction ports, the location of the suction ports, the target negative pressure setting value, and the Gaussian kernel function.

[0026] In some embodiments, the correction of the target negative pressure setting value and the negative pressure constraint boundary is performed by a correction function. The parameters of the correction function include the target negative pressure setting value, the weighted space center, the region half-width, the boundary expansion amount, the directional gradient coefficient, the minimum negative pressure setting value allowed by the device, and the maximum negative pressure setting value.

[0027] In some embodiments, the negative pressure constraint boundary is calculated and generated based on a Gaussian superposition model and a modified target negative pressure setpoint.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] This invention first utilizes existing operating condition signals during the operation of the depaneling equipment to identify critical periods of concentrated dust release. Then, it maps these periods to key dust control areas corresponding to the cutting and breaking processes of the connecting ribs, thus narrowing the dust control target from the general overall machine space to a local area directly corresponding to the actual dust generation location. Based on this, a preset dust extraction port array is spatially allocated and negative pressure is organized around the key dust control area to form a continuous negative pressure constraint boundary. This restricts dust to a controllable range from the initial stage of generation and establishes a stable transport trend along the depaneling direction within the area, allowing the constrained dust to enter the recycling unit along a predetermined path and be collected. This resulting technical solution is not a simple superposition of fixed suction ports, continuous ventilation, and end-of-pipe dust collection. Instead, it addresses the temporal, localized, and easily escape-prone nature of PCB depaneling dust by seamlessly integrating the location of high-dust-generating periods, the identification of key areas, the construction of boundary constraints, and the execution of suction and recovery. This ensures that the dust removal and recovery processes correspond temporally to the depaneling conditions, spatially to key areas, and structurally to the suction port array and recovery channel, thereby achieving timely constraint, stable flow guidance, and centralized recovery of dust. Based on this concept, this invention can more effectively solve problems in existing technologies such as excessive noise during high-load continuous operation, unstable localized collection, significant initial dust escape, and insufficient continuity of the recovery chain, demonstrating a systematic improvement for PCB depaneling machine scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an integrated system for high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery for PCB depaneling machines provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a high-efficiency, low-noise integrated dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines is proposed, comprising:

[0033] The dust generation period determination module is used to determine high dust release candidate points based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the PCB separator sampling points. It extracts the times corresponding to these high dust release candidate points from the complete PCB separator time series as high dust generation time intervals, specifically including:

[0034] During the actual operation of a PCB depaneling machine, the force state of the cutting tool differs significantly between its idle stroke and the stage of cutting into the connecting rib. This difference is directly reflected in the change of the drive motor current signal. Therefore, the changing characteristics of the motor current can be used to characterize the key stage of dust generation. The depaneling equipment control system reads the drive current feedback signal from the servo driver at a fixed sampling period. Simultaneously, the tool position sample value is read from the position encoder. The two types of signals are stored in the controller as a unified time series, among which Indicates the index of discrete sampling time. This represents the current sample value at that moment. This represents the corresponding tool position value. Since the sampling period is fixed, the sampling period between adjacent sampling points is constant. The controller retains the current values ​​at the current moment and the previous moment in the data buffer, thereby constructing the rate of current change to characterize the degree of load change.

[0035] The calculation of the rate of change of current is based on the discrete approximation of the derivative in mathematical analysis, that is, expressing the first derivative of a continuous function using finite differences, resulting in the following expression:

[0036] ;

[0037] This expression is derived from the definition of the derivative in calculus. The differential approximation form is derived by replacing the continuous-time function with backward difference under discrete sampling conditions, thus obtaining an expression that can be calculated in real time in the controller. This represents the rate of change of current, and its value is determined by the current sampled current. Compared with the previous sampled current The difference between the sampling interval and the sampling interval The ratio is determined; and All of these originate from the real-time current feedback interface of the servo driver; The sampling period is preset and kept constant by the control system. The dimensions on both sides of this expression are consistent, both representing the rate of change of current with respect to time, which aligns with the physical meaning of load changes. In actual control, because... As a fixed constant, it can be achieved by... The scaled-down form is used for threshold comparison to ensure consistency in the judgment criteria between different devices.

[0038] In obtaining Then, it needs to be combined with spatial location information to distinguish between current fluctuations caused by normal movement and sudden load changes generated during actual cutting of the connecting ribs. The separation path is given by the process document before processing, and the location intervals of the connecting ribs can be written into the control system through path analysis or trial cutting calibration, and recorded as a set of several location intervals. When a certain sampling time... When the tool falls into one of these preset ranges, it indicates that the tool is in a structural position that may generate dust; when the corresponding range is also present... When the load exceeds the calibrated threshold, it indicates a sudden change in load. The sum of these two factors determines this moment as a candidate point for high dust release. The threshold is determined by collecting current data during the equipment commissioning phase, including data on idle travel, motor acceleration / deceleration, and the actual cutting process. Statistical analysis yields a range of variation that can distinguish between "structural cutting" and "normal motion," thus ensuring the stability of the determination.

[0039] In discrete time series, these candidate points for high dust release typically appear consecutively, corresponding to a continuous cutting process by the tool within the connecting rib region. Therefore, it is necessary to merge discrete sampling points that meet the conditions, mapping the set of consecutively satisfying sampling points to a single time interval. Specifically, when multiple consecutive time points... When both the location and current change conditions are met, they are combined into a single high dust-generating time interval. If there is an extremely short interval that does not meet the conditions, but the preceding and following intervals still belong to the same cutting process, then these intervals are merged into the same interval by setting a minimum interval threshold. After this processing, the result is a set of continuous time intervals. Each interval corresponds to one actual cutting process of the connecting bar.

[0040] To illustrate the feasibility of this calculation process, a typical plate-separation process can be used as an example. For instance, in a certain plate-separation path, before the cutter enters the connecting rib, the current values ​​at several consecutive sampling points remain at a stable level with small differences between adjacent values. The calculated current values ​​under these conditions... Approaching zero; when the tool cuts into the connecting rib, the current sampling value gradually increases within a continuous sampling period, for example, changing from a small difference between adjacent sampling values ​​to a significant increase in the difference between multiple consecutive sampling points. A significant increase occurs at the corresponding time, and at this time... The sampled points have entered the preset connecting rib location range, therefore they are continuously marked as candidate points and merged into a high dust generation time range; after the tool has completely passed the connecting rib, the current gradually returns to stability. The dust level drops back to a low level, and the interval ends. Through this process, the times corresponding to the candidate points of high dust emission are extracted from the complete segmented time series as high dust generation time intervals, and uniformly denoted as high dust emission period markers. This result comes directly from the calculation and judgment process of equipment operation data.

[0041] The key dust control area determination module is used to extract the number of sampling points of the PCB separator and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time interval, calculate the mid-time enhancement weight and weighted spatial center corresponding to each sampling time, calculate the half-width of the region based on the weighted spatial center, and construct the key dust control area based on the weighted spatial center and the half-width of the region. Specifically, it includes:

[0042] The dust generation period determination module has obtained high dust release period markers. This step, based on this, completes the mapping from the time domain to the spatial domain, enabling the controller to further determine "where dust control needs to be prioritized" from "when dust generation is strongest." In the actual operation of the PCB depaneling machine, the tool position sampling value... The current signal used by the dust generation period determination module to identify high dust generation periods shares the same sampling clock. Therefore, for any high dust generation time interval... The controller can directly extract all location samples within the specified time period from the buffer. These location samples correspond to the complete spatial process of the tool cutting into the connecting rib, cutting through the material, and detaching from the connecting rib. Since the breaking of the connecting rib and the concentrated release of dust mainly occur in the middle of the time interval, and the beginning and end of the time interval correspond to the transition stages of the tool approaching and leaving the connecting rib respectively, this step uses a spatial mapping method with higher weight in the middle of the time interval to determine the center of the key dust control area. The original basis of this approach comes from the weighted average formula in numerical analysis and the triangular window function in signal processing. The triangular window is originally used to highlight effective samples in the middle of the sequence; in this scenario, its application is changed from general signal samples to location samples within the high-dust-generating period, giving higher weight to the location near the breaking of the connecting rib in area determination. The controller first determines the interval... The number of sampling points included. When When only a single sampling point is included, the position value of that sampling point is directly taken as the spatial center, i.e. ;when When there are two or more sampling points, for the interval At each sampling time point, a time-intermediate enhancement weight is assigned, and then the weighted spatial center is calculated. Its expression is

[0043] ;

[0044] in, Indicates time In time interval The weights within the interval are discretized by an improved triangular window function, taking larger values ​​near the midpoint of the interval and keeping positive values ​​at both ends of the interval; and They represent the first The start and end times of each high dust-generating time interval are directly taken from the time interval boundaries output by the dust-generating time period determination module. Indicates time The tool position sampling values ​​are continuously collected by the position encoder on a unified time axis established by the dust generation period determination module; Indicates the first The weighted spatial center corresponds to each high dust-producing period. This formula is still derived from the classic weighted average formula, but the standard triangular window is moved further upwards, ensuring that the weights at both ends of the interval remain positive, thus guaranteeing that any time interval containing two or more sampling points satisfies the formula. The calculation can be completed directly. Taking an actual cutting process as an example, if five samples are continuously collected within a certain high dust-producing time interval, they are as follows: , , , , The corresponding improvement weight can be taken as: , , , , The weighted sum is The weights sum to Thus obtain This result still falls within the middle of the connecting rib cutting process, consistent with the actual distribution pattern where dust is most concentrated when the tool cuts through the connecting rib.

[0045] In obtaining the weighted space center Next, the actual dust control range around the center was calculated. For time intervals containing only a single sampling point, the weighted average absolute deviation term was set to zero; for time intervals containing two or more sampling points, the half-width of the region was obtained by superimposing the weighted average absolute deviation term with the displacement correction term. Based on this, key dust control areas were established. :

[0046] ;

[0047] in, Indicates the first The key dust control areas are relative to the center position. The area half-width; This represents the offset of the current sampling position relative to the center position; the first term is the average absolute deviation under improved weighting, used to characterize the natural spread of the main dust belt around the center; the second term... The expansion factor, pre-written into the controller parameter table, is used to convert the total travel span during the current high dust generation period into additional space margin. This represents the total displacement of the tool during the high dust generation time interval. Both parts of this formula are positional quantities, therefore... For position quantity, and then The left and right boundaries are also positional quantities. Taking the five positional samples mentioned above as an example, if we have already obtained... The weighted absolute deviation is then... If the total displacement during that period is And the expansion coefficient will be increased after the equipment is debugged. Set as The correction term is Finally obtained Therefore, the corresponding key dust control areas are This result creates a localized dust control zone around the location where the connecting rib is cut, which can be stably covered by the dust collection structure.

[0048] The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module is used to select a set of vacuum ports that are effective in controlling the key dust area from a preset sequence of vacuum ports. For each vacuum port in the set, a corresponding target negative pressure setting value is calculated using a negative pressure setting function. Based on the target negative pressure setting value, the total negative pressure envelope strength is calculated. The set of locations where the total negative pressure envelope strength reaches the effective constraint threshold is defined as the negative pressure constraint boundary, specifically including:

[0049] The key dust control area identification module has output a set of key dust control areas. Each region is represented as Here It is the first The spatial center of a key dust control area The area is half the width of the region surrounding the center. Therefore, the task of the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module is not to re-determine the dust location, but to transform the already determined spatial area into a negative pressure constraint boundary that can be directly executed on the equipment. PCB depaneling machines typically have a set of dust suction ports arranged along the depaneling direction on both sides of the depaneling station. The controller pre-stores the position sequence of these dust suction ports. The structural relationship between each dust extraction port and the working surface, as well as the corresponding fan branch, are recorded. The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module directly utilizes the key dust control areas to determine the module output. and Filtering out the area from the vacuum port sequence The main suction ports are grouped together, and different negative pressure settings are assigned to these ports, so that they form a spatial ring. The continuous negative pressure constraint boundary is formed. The boundary formed in this way corresponds one-to-one with the area result of the key dust control area determination module: the key dust control area determination module gives the "spatial location that needs key dust control", and the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module gives "what kind of negative pressure envelope is formed around the location", and there is a direct relationship between the two.

[0050] The negative pressure distribution at the dust extraction port is based on the classic interval interpolation approach. In linear interpolation, the target quantity within the interval changes smoothly from the boundary quantity according to the distance ratio; in quadratic interpolation, a softer transition from the center to the boundary can be formed. This step, considering the characteristics of PCB depanel dust—"easily escaping from the edges, but needing to be maintained at the center"—constructs an edge-enhanced negative pressure distribution based on interval interpolation. This makes the constraint at the edge of the area slightly stronger than at the center, so as to promptly suppress the outward diffusion of dust after the connecting rib breaks, while maintaining the continuous adsorption capacity in the center of the area. The controller then... Each suction port of the regional action unit calculates its target negative pressure setting value through a negative pressure setting function. The expression for the negative pressure setting function is:

[0051] ;

[0052] in, Indicates the first One vacuum port in the current area The target negative pressure setting value is sent by the controller to the speed control module of the corresponding fan branch; This indicates the basic negative pressure setting value corresponding to the center of the region. Its value comes from the center adsorption parameters recorded during the equipment commissioning phase while ensuring low-noise operation. This represents the target negative pressure setting value near the region boundary, and its value is given by the adjustment parameters corresponding to the edge suppression requirements; Indicates the first The installation position of each suction port in the panel direction is stored in the controller after the equipment is assembled and calibrated. and The center and half-width of the area output by the key dust control area determination module are respectively derived from the key dust control area. It represents the boundary expansion amount, the value of which is calibrated by the lateral expansion distance of a single dust suction port forming an effective constraint on the working surface. It is used to naturally expand the geometric area given by the key dust control area determination module into the airflow range. This represents the shoulder correction coefficient, the value of which is determined by the combined adjustment of the suction port spacing and the working surface installation height. It is used to raise the negative pressure in the transition section between the center and the edge, preventing localized negative pressure depressions between the discrete suction ports. In the above formula, the quadratic term comes from a quadratic interpolation function and is used to adjust the center value... Smooth transition to boundary values The last term originates from the parabolic shoulder function within the interval, with its peak occurring between the center and the boundary, used to compensate for insufficient negative pressure in the intermediate zone caused by the gap. All fractional parts in the formula are dimensionless, therefore... and , Maintaining the same physical dimensions and consistency on both sides. The derivation logic of this formula is also clear: first, use the center value and boundary value as constraints at both ends, then introduce a secondary change to achieve a smooth transition, and finally superimpose shoulder corrections to form an edge-enhanced distribution that better fits the dust diffusion characteristics of PCB delamination. An example debugging scenario illustrates this: if the key dust control area determination module obtains a certain area... , The equipment debugging record provides , , , The location of a certain vacuum port is Then the normalized distance is The quadratic term is Shoulder correction items are After substituting, we get If the other suction port is located Then the normalized distance is After substituting, we get These results indicate that the target negative pressure at the edge suction ports is higher than that at the center suction ports, which aligns with the design objective of "suppressing escape at the edges and maintaining it continuously in the center."

[0053] Target negative pressure setting value of the suction port The control quantities at discrete points need to be transformed into actual negative pressure constraint boundaries that are continuously distributed along the plate-splitting direction. This process is based on the classical potential field superposition concept and Gaussian spatial attenuation expression. The local negative pressure effect formed by a suction port near the working surface gradually attenuates with increasing distance from the suction port location; this attenuation can be approximated by a Gaussian kernel function in engineering. When multiple suction ports operate simultaneously, their effects can be superimposed at the same spatial location to obtain the total negative pressure envelope intensity. This step is based on this principle and applies it to the region... Corresponding dust suction port unit Calculate the total negative pressure envelope strength using the envelope function. Then, the set of positions where the envelope strength reaches the effective constraint threshold is defined as the negative pressure constraint boundary. The expression for the envelope function is:

[0054] ;

[0055] in, Indicates the first Key dust control areas are located at The total negative pressure envelope strength formed at the location; Represented as a region The selected set of suction port operating units, which is determined by the controller according to the position of the suction port. With the region The overlap relationship was used to filter out the results; The target negative pressure setting value obtained from the previous formula; Derived from the classic Gaussian kernel function, it is used to describe the continuous decay of the effect intensity of a single suction port with spatial distance; Indicates the first The extended parameters for the function of each suction port are obtained by testing the adsorption range of the working surface after the equipment is assembled and written into the parameter table. This represents the envelope threshold required to form an effective constraint, and its value is determined based on the critical operating condition in the commissioning record where dust begins to significantly escape. For all satisfied The set of positions, that is, the first The actual negative pressure constraint boundary corresponds to each region. The logical relationship between this formula and the previous formula is clear: the target negative pressure distribution value for each dust extraction port is first determined by the previous formula. Then, this formula superimposes these discrete negative pressure points into a continuous envelope using a Gaussian kernel. Finally, the boundary is obtained by threshold interception. In the formula, the Gaussian kernel term is a dimensionless attenuation factor, therefore and Maintaining the same physical dimensions, threshold and Both sides are of the same dimension, maintaining consistency in dimension. To illustrate with an example, if there are three suction ports in the area, their locations are as follows: , , The target negative pressures obtained by the previous formula are respectively , , The extended parameters for the functions of the three suction ports are all denoted as follows: Then in position The total envelope strength at that location is: .

[0056] Correspondingly, the first term is approximately The second item is The third item is approximately The sum of these three values ​​yields a total envelope strength higher than the adsorption value at the central single port. The controller calculates the values ​​at each position sequentially along the working axis. All those not below the threshold Extracting the continuous position segments yields the boundary of the region. If the boundaries of two adjacent regions overlap or the interval is less than the minimum switching distance pre-stored in the device parameter table, the controller will merge the two boundaries into a continuous boundary to reduce the switching frequency in subsequent execution processes and improve overall stability.

[0057] Through the above processing, the key dust control area determination module provides a set of spatial areas. It is further transformed into a set of negative pressure constraint boundaries with real airflow significance. Each one here All are directly based on the output of the module in the key dust control area. and Above, the position sequence of the dust suction port is preset by the device. Functional extended parameters And the debugging determined , , , , Together, they form a system where the dust-generating period determination module identifies high dust-generating periods, the key dust-control area determination module identifies key dust-control areas, and the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module implements the key dust-control areas as executable continuous negative pressure boundaries. This ensures that dust is timely constrained and kept within a controllable range during high dust-generating periods and in key areas, establishing stable airflow conditions for the next step of implementing suction and transportation and dust recovery along the boundaries.

[0058] The dust extraction and recovery module is used to correct the target negative pressure setpoint and negative pressure constraint boundary, write the corrected target negative pressure setpoint and negative pressure constraint boundary into the controller, and drive the fan to recover dust through the controller. Specifically, it includes:

[0059] The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module has formed a set of negative pressure constraint boundaries. Each of them These are all continuous negative pressure envelope areas formed by the superposition of dust suction port arrays in space. This area, along with the key dust control area determined by the key dust control area determination module, forms the key dust control area. A one-to-one correspondence is established, extending outwards to the actual range of airflow action. Therefore, within this boundary, the total negative pressure envelope strength at any location satisfies the condition that it is not lower than a threshold, confining dust particles within this area after generation. This step further constructs an airflow transport mechanism along the partition direction, enabling the confined dust particles to undergo stable unidirectional migration within the negative pressure field and ultimately enter the recovery unit. The physical basis of this process originates from the convective transport model in fluid mechanics, where the motion of particles in a flow field is determined by local velocity, which is directly related to the spatial pressure gradient. Therefore, by constructing a continuous pressure gradient along the partition direction based on the existing negative pressure envelope, dust particles can undergo directional migration along this direction.

[0060] In actual equipment, the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module has already obtained the basic negative pressure distribution value for each suction port. These values ​​originate from the regional center. Half width of the area and the location of the vacuum nozzle Spatial relationship calculation. At this time, the negative pressure distribution formed by each suction port is symmetrical within the area, that is, relative to... Both sides exhibit the same distribution trend. To introduce directional transport capability based on this, this step introduces a correction function. By superimposing the basic negative pressure distribution with the linear pressure gradient, a pressure change field along the plate separation direction is constructed, and the result is constrained within the negative pressure range that the equipment can execute. The original source of this method is the fundamental relationship between pressure gradient and velocity in one-dimensional steady-state flow, i.e., the rate of change of pressure along space determines the mainstream direction of the fluid. Under discrete suction port conditions, the continuous pressure gradient is discretized to each suction port position, and constrained by the upper and lower limits of the equipment execution, thus obtaining the corrected target negative pressure setpoint. The expression for the correction function is:

[0061] ;

[0062] in, Indicates the first The actual negative pressure setting value of each suction port during the execution phase is written into the speed control register of the corresponding fan by the controller; The basic negative pressure allocation value calculated by the module for constructing negative pressure constraint boundaries; For the first Installation position calibration values ​​for each vacuum port; and The center and half-width of the area output by the key dust control area determination module are respectively derived from the dust control area. The boundary expansion amount used to expand the region range in the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module; It is the directional gradient coefficient, the value of which is determined through dust transport experiments during the equipment commissioning phase, and is used to control the intensity of the pressure gradient; and These represent the minimum and maximum negative pressure settings that the equipment is allowed to execute, respectively. These two values ​​are derived from the commissioning parameter table of the fan branch. The derivation process of this expression is as follows: First, using... Describe a symmetrical negative pressure distribution, and then superimpose a value based on the position difference. The proportional linear term gradually increases the negative pressure downstream of the region, and finally, upper and lower limit constraints restrict the result to within the equipment's executable range. Since the fractional term is dimensionless, and Having the same dimensions, and , and Same dimensions, therefore and Maintain consistent physical dimensions. This formula has a direct logical relationship with the negative pressure distribution calculation in the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module: the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module provides a symmetrical distribution... This step involves superimposing directional gradients and applying execution constraints to form the final execution result. .

[0063] After obtaining the corrected negative pressure values ​​for each suction port, the total negative pressure envelope intensity distribution at any location within the region can be further obtained. This distribution originates from the Gaussian superposition model already used in the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module; that is, the negative pressure influence formed by multiple suction ports in space can be obtained by superimposing a Gaussian kernel function. Replace with Then, the new envelope function is obtained:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, Indicates the location Total negative pressure envelope strength at the location; The set of suction ports obtained by filtering in the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module; For the first The extended parameter representing the effect of each suction port is obtained by calibrating the influence range of the airflow after equipment installation. This formula originates from a combination of the principle of potential field superposition and the Gaussian kernel function. Its derivation process is as follows: the spatial influence of a single suction port is approximated by a Gaussian function, and the influence of multiple suction ports is linearly superimposed to obtain the total field distribution. Since the exponential term is a dimensionless decay function... and Maintaining the same units ensures consistency in the physical meaning of the expression. This function demonstrates that... The area, due to Follow As the pressure increases, the overall envelope strength becomes stronger on the downstream side, thus forming a continuous negative pressure gradient in space from upstream to downstream. This gradient is the driving force for dust migration.

[0066] The following explanation will be based on the specific calculation process, assuming a certain region. central position half width expansion amount Directionality coefficient The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module obtains the basic negative pressures of the three suction ports as follows: , , Their positions are respectively , , The corrected negative pressure is: for ,have Substituting into ;right ,have ;right ,have Substituting into Further substituting into the above formula to calculate the total envelope at a certain point, for example, at... There is Since the second item corresponds to the central suction port and its index is zero, this item contributes the most, while the third item... Larger diameter, forming a stronger envelope tail in the downstream direction. Calculated along the plate-splitting direction. The change in pressure can result in a monotonically tilted negative pressure envelope distribution, causing dust to migrate gradually along the gradient direction within the region.

[0067] During equipment operation, dust is generated when the cutting tool cuts into the connecting ribs. This dust first forms the boundary of the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module. Internal restrictions, and then Under the described negative pressure gradient, dust gradually moves from the upstream position to the downstream position and is concentratedly sucked into the pipeline near the downstream suction port. Since the negative pressure setpoint of each suction port is written to the fan drive module in real time via the controller, this transport process continues throughout the entire high dust generation period. As dust enters the main pipeline and is transported to the collection device, the dust concentration in the area gradually decreases. When the flow rate or pressure difference in the suction branch is detected to stabilize, the controller can... Gradually reduce, so that the system returns to its original state. Maintaining the primary state, thereby reducing overall energy consumption and operating noise while ensuring that dust has been recovered. Through the above continuous process, step four, based on the negative pressure constraint boundary constructed by the negative pressure constraint boundary construction module, further realizes the directional transport and final collection of dust from the generation location to the recovery unit, making the entire system form a complete closed loop from time period identification, spatial positioning, boundary construction to recovery completion.

[0068] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency, low-noise integrated dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines, characterized in that, include: The dust generation period determination module is used to determine the high dust release candidate point based on the current change rate and tool position sampling value of the PCB separator sampling point, and extract the time corresponding to the high dust release candidate point from the complete PCB separator time series as the high dust generation time interval. The key dust control area determination module is used to extract the number of sampling points of the PCB separator and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time interval, calculate the time mid-enhancement weight and weighted spatial center corresponding to each sampling time, calculate the half-width of the region based on the weighted spatial center, and construct the key dust control area based on the weighted spatial center and the half-width of the region. The negative pressure constraint boundary construction module is used to filter out the set of vacuum ports that are effective for the key dust control area from the preset vacuum port sequence. For each vacuum port in the vacuum port set, the corresponding target negative pressure setting value is calculated through the negative pressure setting function. The total negative pressure envelope strength is calculated based on the target negative pressure setting value. The set of positions where the total negative pressure envelope strength reaches the effective constraint threshold is defined as the negative pressure constraint boundary. The dust extraction and recovery module is used to make directional corrections to the target negative pressure setting value, update the total negative pressure envelope strength based on the corrected target negative pressure setting value, and drive the fan through the controller to guide the dust into the recovery unit to complete the dust recovery.

2. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the PCB separator sampling points, the following steps are included: During the sampling period, the drive current feedback signal is read from the servo driver; Based on the value of the sampling period, the rate of change of the driving current feedback signal is calculated.

3. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the PCB separator sampling points, the method further includes: Read the board separation path from the process document; The path of the plate is parsed to generate the location range of the connecting ribs.

4. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before determining the candidate points for high dust release based on the current change rate and tool position sampling values ​​at the PCB separator sampling points, the process specifically includes: When the rate of change of the current is greater than the calibrated threshold and the sampled value of the tool position falls within the position range of the connecting rib, the current moment is determined to be a candidate point for high dust release.

5. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the number of sampling points of the PCB separator and their corresponding sampling times from the high dust generation time interval specifically includes: When the PCB splitter sampling point is a single point, the sampling value of the tool position corresponding to the PCB splitter sampling point is used as the weighted space center. When there are two or more sampling points of the board splitter, the sampling time corresponding to the sampling point of the board splitter is extracted, and the time mid-enhancement weight and weighted space center corresponding to each sampling time are calculated.

6. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The half-width of the region is generated by calculating a region function, the parameters of which include the offset of the sampling position relative to the center of the weighted space, the tool position sampling value, the start and end times of the high dust generation time interval, and the expansion coefficient.

7. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters of the negative pressure setting function include the basic negative pressure setting value corresponding to the weighted space center, the target negative pressure setting value near the key dust control area, the installation position of the dust suction port in the partition direction, the weighted space center, the area half width, the boundary expansion amount, and the shoulder correction coefficient.

8. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total negative pressure envelope strength is generated by calculating an envelope function, the parameters of which include the set of suction ports, the location of the suction ports, the target negative pressure setting value, and the Gaussian kernel function.

9. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the process of correcting the target negative pressure setting value and the negative pressure constraint boundary, the target negative pressure setting value is corrected by a correction function. The parameters of the correction function include the target negative pressure setting value, the weighted space center, the half-width of the region, the boundary expansion amount, the directional gradient coefficient, the minimum negative pressure setting value allowed by the device, and the maximum negative pressure setting value.

10. The integrated high-efficiency, low-noise dust removal and dust recovery system for PCB depaneling machines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure constraint boundary is calculated and generated based on a Gaussian superposition model and a modified target negative pressure setting value.

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