Method for oxygenating a liquid and apparatus for carrying out the method

Abstract

A device for oxygenating a liquid, comprising a high-pressure vessel configured for containing a liquid to be enriched with oxygen. The high-pressure vessel has an inlet gate valve configured for feeding the liquid into the high-pressure vessel, a discharge gate valve configured for discharging the liquid from the high-pressure vessel, an oxygen valve configured for feeding oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with liquid, and a pressure-reducing valve configured for discharging the oxygen from high pressure to the atmosphere.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to methods and systems for increasing the oxygen content in blood, and more particularly to methods and apparatus utilizing the permeation of oxygen diffusion from an oxygen-rich liquid to a blood flow. Background Technology

[0002] Oxygen is a crucial nutrient for human cells. Even a brief lack of oxygen can cause cell damage, potentially leading to organ dysfunction or failure. For example, heart attack and stroke victims experience blockages or diversions in blood flow that prevent oxygen from reaching vital tissues. Without enough oxygen, the heart and brain begin to deteriorate. In severe cases, complete organ failure can lead to death. Less severe cases typically require expensive hospitalization, specialized treatment, and long-term rehabilitation.

[0003] Oxygen is essential for the survival of human cells. Short-term hypoxia can lead to cell damage, which can cause organ dysfunction or failure. In cases such as heart attacks and strokes, blocked or diverted blood flow inhibits the delivery of oxygen to critical tissues. Without oxygen, the heart and brain gradually deteriorate. In extreme cases, this leads to complete organ failure and death. In less severe cases, patients often require hospitalization, specialized interventions, and prolonged recovery, resulting in high costs.

[0004] US 10857325 discloses a catheter and describes a system for delivering physiological fluids (e.g., supersaturated saline) to a patient. The physiological fluid to be oxygenated is stored in an airtight bag suspended within a pressure vessel. Pressure is applied outside the bag to drive the oxygenating carrier fluid at a hydrostatic pressure greater than the partial pressure of dissolved oxygen.

[0005] Oxygen is delivered to physiological fluids under high pressure (100 ATA), which causes oxygen to dissolve in the fluid. Even after the pressure is released, this dissolved oxygen remains in the fluid for a considerable period of time.

[0006] US8574309 discloses a two-stage system for oxygenating and removing carbon dioxide from a physiological fluid, comprising: a primary exchange module configured to receive a gas containing oxygen and a carrier fluid containing carbon dioxide. The primary exchange module is configured to transfer oxygen from the gas to the carrier fluid and to transfer carbon dioxide from the carrier fluid to the gas, thereby producing an oxygen-loaded carrier fluid and a carbon dioxide-loaded gas. A secondary exchange module is configured to receive the oxygen-loaded carrier fluid and the physiological fluid containing carbon dioxide.

[0007] US8574309 describes extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal devices, and intravascular oxygenation devices. Blood oxygenation using a dialysis membrane is achieved by allowing a highly oxygenated dialysate fluid to diffuse across the membrane, thereby facilitating the exchange between the highly oxygenated dialysate and the blood, which has a lower oxygen content. This diffusion is driven by the movement of oxygen from areas with a high oxygen concentration, such as the dialysate compartment, to areas with a lower concentration (in this case, from the dialysate compartment to the blood). Summary of the Invention

[0008] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for oxygenating a liquid, the apparatus comprising a high-pressure vessel configured to contain a liquid to be enriched with oxygen. The high-pressure vessel includes: an inlet gate valve configured to supply the liquid into the high-pressure vessel; a discharge gate valve configured to discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; an oxygen valve configured to supply oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with the liquid; and a pressure reducing valve configured to vent oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere. The inlet gate valve is normally closed and can be opened during the filling of the high-pressure vessel with liquid. The discharge gate valve is normally closed and can be opened during the discharge of liquid from the high-pressure vessel. The oxygen valve is normally closed and can be opened during the supply of oxygen to the high-pressure vessel, and the pressure reducing valve is normally closed and can be opened after maintaining the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure for a predetermined time period and then during the venting of oxygen from the high-pressure vessel.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to disclose liquids selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride (salt) solutions of different concentrations, lactated Ringer's solutions, protein solutions, potassium chloride solutions, sodium bicarbonate solutions, dextrorotatory salt solutions, and any other solutions that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to disclose predetermined high pressures in the range of 80 to 300 atmospheres.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a predetermined time period in the range of 1 second and 60 minutes.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to disclose the liquid selected from the group consisting of: perfluorinated carbon-based solutions, lipid-based emulsions, ionic liquids, salt solutions, electrolyte solutions, protein solutions, peptide-based solutions, solutions containing oxygen solubility enhancers, and any combination thereof.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a liquid as desalination water.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to disclose solutions prepared in purified water selected from the group consisting of: reverse osmosis purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to disclose purified water selected from the group consisting of: water treated by ionization, water treated by ultraviolet radiation, water treated by electrolysis, and any combination thereof.

[0016] Another object of the present invention discloses a method for oxygenating a liquid, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing an apparatus for oxygenating a liquid, the apparatus comprising: a high-pressure vessel configured to contain the liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure vessel having: an inlet gate valve configured to supply the liquid into the high-pressure vessel; a vent gate valve configured to discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; an oxygen valve configured to supply oxygen at a predetermined high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with the liquid; and a pressure-reducing valve configured to vent oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere; the inlet gate valve being normally closed and openable during filling of the high-pressure vessel with the liquid. (a) Open; the discharge gate valve is normally closed and may be opened during the discharge of the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; and the oxygen valve is normally closed and may be opened during the supply of oxygen to the high-pressure vessel, the pressure reducing valve is normally closed and may be opened after holding the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure for a predetermined period of time and then venting oxygen from the high-pressure vessel; (b) Open the inlet gate valve, fill the high-pressure vessel with the liquid to be oxygenated, and then close the inlet gate valve; (c) Open the oxygen valve and supply oxygen at high pressure from an oxygen source to the high-pressure vessel until the predetermined high pressure, and then close it; (d) Hold the liquid at the predetermined high pressure for a predetermined period of time; (e) Open the pressure reducing valve and vent oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere or other vessel; and (f) Discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel via the discharge gate valve.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a system for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. The system comprises: (a) a high-pressure container that can be filled with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure container is in fluid communication with a pressurized oxygen source; the high-pressure container is configured to oxygenate the liquid by maintaining it at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure container is configured to dispense the oxygenated liquid after maintaining it at the predetermined oxygen pressure; (b) a filter chamber having a first flow compartment and a second flow compartment separated therebetween by a permeable membrane; both the first and second flow compartments having an inlet end and an outlet end; (c) a first pump that supplies oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure container to the first compartment; and (d) a second pump that supplies blood to be oxygenated to the second compartment.

[0018] When dispensed from the high-pressure vessel, oxygenated liquid is supplied to the inlet of the first compartment and discharged through the outlet of the first compartment. Blood to be oxygenated is supplied to the inlet of the second compartment and flows out from the outlet of the second compartment when oxygenated.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to disclose the opposite flow directions of blood and oxygenated liquid in the first and second compartments, respectively.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a blood filter selected from the group consisting of: micron or nanoporous membranes, ion-permeable membranes, catalytic oxygenation membranes, charged membranes, and any combination thereof.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a system comprising a sensor configured to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen relative to upstream and downstream of the blood filter.

[0022] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a blood filter configured to reduce the CO2 concentration in a patient's bloodstream.

[0023] Another object of the present invention is to disclose a method for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. The aforementioned method includes the following steps: (a) providing a system for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood; the system includes: (i) a high-pressure container, which is fillable with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure container is in fluid communication with a pressurized oxygen source; the high-pressure container is configured to oxygenate the liquid by maintaining the liquid at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure container is configured to dispense the oxygenated liquid after maintaining it at the predetermined oxygen pressure; (ii) a filter chamber having a first flow compartment and a second flow compartment, the first flow compartment and the second flow compartment being separated therebetween by a permeable membrane; both the first flow compartment and the second flow compartment having an inlet end and an outlet end; (iii) a first pump that supplies the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure container to the first compartment; and (i v) A second pump supplies oxygenated blood to the second compartment; oxygenated liquid is supplied to the inlet of the first compartment and discharged through the outlet of the first compartment during dispensing from the high-pressure vessel; oxygenated blood is supplied to the inlet of the second compartment and flows out from the outlet of the second compartment during oxygenation; (b) the high-pressure vessel is filled with liquid; (c) oxygen is supplied to the high-pressure vessel at a predetermined high pressure; (d) the liquid is maintained at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined period of time; (e) the predetermined high pressure in the high-pressure vessel is reduced to atmospheric pressure; (f) the oxygenated liquid is discharged from the high-pressure vessel; (g) the oxygenated liquid and the oxygenated blood flow in opposite directions along the permeation membrane through the first and second compartments of the filter chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To understand the invention and how to implement it in practice, several embodiments are now described by way of non-limiting example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device used for oxygenating liquids;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for oxygenating a liquid;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system for externally oxygenating blood; and

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for oxygenating blood outside the body. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to utilize the invention and to illustrate the best mode conceived by the inventors who practice the invention. However, various modifications are adapted to remain apparent to those skilled in the art, as the general principles of the invention have been specifically defined to provide a method for oxygenating a liquid and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

[0030] Hypoxia is a leading cause of morbidity and death. It can be caused by conditions such as acute lung injury (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), airway obstruction (e.g., facial trauma), or chronic lung disease. Treating patients with refractory hypoxia is particularly challenging and often requires intubation, mechanical ventilation, transfer to specialized care facilities, and prolonged stays in the intensive care unit. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and exposure to high concentrations of inhaled oxygen exacerbate lung injury (i.e., ventilator-induced lung injury), with patients most severely hypoxic typically suffering the greatest damage. Treating patients with hypoxemia by direct intravenous oxygenation offers several advantages. First, it bypasses the damaged or obstructed respiratory system, delivering oxygen directly to the bloodstream and ensuring rapid oxygenation of vital organs. This can be particularly beneficial in patients with impaired lung function or airway obstruction where conventional ventilation methods may be ineffective. Additionally, intravenous oxygenation reduces the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation, thereby minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury. It also provides greater stability during patient transport, ensuring continuous oxygen delivery without the complexities of managing airway devices. Finally, this method can reduce dependence on high concentrations of inhaled oxygen, thereby reducing the likelihood of oxygen toxicity and further lung damage.

[0031] This invention relates to the direct oxygenation of a patient's blood during dialysis. The process includes the following main steps: enriching a liquid with oxygen; and supplying the oxygen-enriched liquid to a dialyzer, such that the oxygen contained in the liquid permeates into the patient's blood.

[0032] This invention aims to improve blood oxygenation levels through a hemodialysis system with a supersaturated oxygen-enriched fluid. The invention enables efficient diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream, resulting in an increased concentration of dissolved oxygen and enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues. This invention is beneficial for patients suffering from hypoxemia, ischemia, or other conditions requiring enhanced oxygenation.

[0033] According to one set of embodiments of the invention, the initial phase involves communication between the ODS (oxygen dialysis system) and the patient. This interaction is crucial to ensuring that the system accurately meets the patient's oxygen requirements. It includes monitoring the patient's respiratory needs and facilitating appropriate adjustments to the oxygen flow, which is essential for optimal treatment outcomes.

[0034] According to another embodiment of the invention, the subsequent stages focus on the fluid oxygenation process, which plays a crucial role in delivering the necessary oxygen to the patient. This process involves various factors, such as the shape of the oxygen cylinder, which affects the efficiency of oxygen delivery. The design and structural features of the cylinder help maintain the integrity of the oxygen supply and ensure consistent flow throughout the treatment.

[0035] Now for reference Figure 1 It shows a schematic diagram of a device 100 for oxygenating liquids.

[0036] The apparatus 100 includes a high-pressure vessel 10 having an inlet gate valve 25 and an outlet gate valve 55. The inlet gate valve 25 is configured to supply the liquid 20 into the high-pressure vessel 10. The outlet gate valve is configured to discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel 10. Reference numerals 13 and 15 refer to the liquid itself and its level within the pressure vessel 10, respectively. When the pressure vessel 10 is already filled with liquid, the oxygen valve 35 opens, and oxygen from an oxygen source 30 (such as a gas cylinder or oxygen generator) is supplied to the free space above the liquid level 15 within the pressure vessel 10 or otherwise supplied to the nearly full vessel. When held in the pressure vessel 10 for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 15-30 minutes), a portion of the oxygen contained in the pressure vessel 10 under high pressure dissolves in the liquid 13. The oxygen pressure is then reduced to atmospheric pressure. The oxygen contained in the high-pressure vessel 10 is vented to the surrounding atmosphere via a pressure reducing valve 45. Reference numeral 40 refers to the vented oxygen. Under atmospheric pressure, oxygen-rich liquid 50 is discharged from high-pressure vessel 10 via discharge gate valve 55.

[0037] In summary, the inlet gate valve 25 is normally closed and can be opened during the filling of the high-pressure vessel 10 with liquid 20. The outlet gate valve 55 is normally closed and can be opened during the discharge of liquid 50 from the high-pressure vessel 10. The oxygen valve 35 is normally closed and can be opened during the supply of oxygen from the oxygen source 30 to the high-pressure vessel 10. The pressure reducing valve 45 is normally closed and can be opened after the liquid 13 has been held at the aforementioned high pressure in the high-pressure vessel 10 for a predetermined period of time, during the venting of oxygen 40 from the high-pressure vessel 10.

[0038] Now for reference Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method 200 for oxygenating a liquid. Method 200 begins in step 110 with the provision of a high-pressure container and an oxygen source, such as an oxygen cylinder. The cylinder is connected to the high-pressure container. After the inlet gate valve is opened, the high-pressure container is filled with the liquid to be oxygenated.

[0039] The liquid to be oxygenated can be based on a variety of physiological fluids and oxygen-compatible solutions that can bind or carry oxygen molecules without causing toxicity to the patient. These solutions can be customized to different clinical needs to ensure the safety and effectiveness of oxygen delivery. Some examples of suitable solutions include:

[0040] Perfluorinated carbon-based solutions are chemically inert compounds with a high capacity to dissolve oxygen and are used in medical applications such as fluid ventilation and blood substitutes due to their ability to carry large amounts of oxygen.

[0041] Lipid-based or oil emulsions can carry oxygen molecules, acting as carriers for oxygen transport while maintaining biocompatibility.

[0042] Ionic fluids can dissolve high concentrations of gases, including oxygen. When carefully formulated, they can be used as oxygen carriers in a biocompatible manner.

[0043] Salt and electrolyte solutions, such as conventional saline solutions (0.9% NaCl) and Ringer's lactate, are widely used as oxygen carriers in intravenous infusion in medical practice and are non-toxic to patients. Hypertonic saline solutions (e.g., 3% NaCl) can be used in situations requiring higher osmotic pressure, as well as potassium- or lithium-rich saline solutions.

[0044] It can be used to formulate protein or peptide-based solutions, such as albumin or peptide-based carriers, to transport oxygen while maintaining compatibility with plasma.

[0045] Emulsions containing oxygen solubility enhancers can be formulated to increase the fluid's ability to carry oxygen. These emulsions are designed to maximize oxygen delivery without causing toxicity.

[0046] Regarding the liquid to be oxygenated, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned liquid is water filtered through reverse osmosis, deionized water, or distilled water. The ability of water to dissolve oxygen can be enhanced by ionization, ultraviolet treatment, electrolytic dissociation, etc.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the invention, the liquid is demineralized water. Then, the inlet gate valve is closed (step 120). The liquid contained in the high-pressure vessel is oxygenated by supplying high-pressure oxygen into the high-pressure vessel. Specifically, the oxygen valve is opened, allowing oxygen to flow into the high-pressure vessel. After a predetermined high pressure of oxygen is achieved within the high-pressure vessel, the oxygen valve is closed (step 130). Optionally, the valve is not closed, such that during the next step of maintaining the fluid at oxygen pressure, more oxygen flows into the fluid, while a portion of it dissolves into the fluid. The liquid is maintained in the high-pressure vessel at the aforementioned predetermined high pressure of oxygen for a predetermined period of time (step 140). Thereafter, the pressure-reducing valve is opened, and the high-pressure oxygen contained in the high-pressure vessel is vented to the surrounding atmosphere or an exhaust container (step 150) or to another tank. Finally, after opening the discharge gate valve, the oxygenated liquid is discharged from the high-pressure vessel (step 160).

[0048] Now for reference Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a system 300 for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. System 300 includes the aforementioned apparatus 100 for liquid oxygenation. System 300 includes a filter chamber 310 having a first compartment 311 and a second compartment 313, which are separated from each other by means of a blood filter 315 (such as a membrane structure that simultaneously achieves gas exchange and liquid separation). Alternative blood filter solutions include: ion-permeable membranes that allow certain ions to pass through while ensuring oxygen permeability; catalytic oxygenation membranes having a catalyst integrated within the filter material; and charged membranes that increase the interaction between the fluid and oxygen molecules in the blood.

[0049] Within the scope of this invention, the system comprises two or more filters 310 arranged in series or in parallel. Also within the scope of this invention are the use of two or more different filters arranged in series or in parallel; for example, (a) using two of the following types: polysulfone membranes, PAN membranes, PMMA membranes, and cellulose acetate membranes; (b) using high-flux, low-flux, and protein-permeable filters; (c) within the same type, using various variations, such as unmodified cellulose, modified / regenerated cellulose, and synthetic cellulose filters, and / or polysulfone and polyethersulfone; (d) using ion exchange and size exclusion membranes; (e) using small- and large-size filters, column-type, sheet-type, or spiral-wound membrane configurations; and any derivatives and combinations thereof.

[0050] Liquids that can be used for blood oxygenation can be selected from the following solutions: sodium chloride (salt) solutions of different concentrations; lactated Ringer's solutions containing sodium, potassium, calcium and lactate; dextrorotatory solutions of different concentrations; protein solutions, such as albumin solutions with or without NaCl; potassium chloride solutions; sodium bicarbonate solutions; and dextrorotatory and salt solutions, as well as any other solutions that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

[0051] Demineralized water can be pumped from oxygenated liquid via valve 55 to the inlet 316 of the first compartment 311 by pump 340. Furthermore, the demineralized water is discharged into wastewater pipe 330 via the outlet 317 of the first compartment 311. Simultaneously, oxygenated blood from inlet pipe 321 is supplied by pump 345 to the inlet 318 of the second compartment 313. The oxygenated blood and demineralized water flows are guided in opposite directions. Through osmotic exchange, blood contaminants diffuse into the demineralized water, while oxygen at an elevated partial pressure in the demineralized water is transferred into the blood flow. Then, the oxygenated blood flowing out via the outlet 319 of the second compartment 313 flows into pipe 323. It should be emphasized that the discharge of oxygenated blood from the mammalian vein into pipe 321 and the return of oxygenated blood to the vein, as part of a vein-to-venous extracorporeal blood loop, is within the scope of this invention.

[0052] System 300 includes tubing, connectors, and fittings that create a sterile and efficient connection between the fluid production unit and the dialysis system. These components are: (1) pharmaceutical grade and sterile; (2) easy to assemble and disassemble in a clinical setting; and (3) compatible with existing hemodialysis and infusion systems to ensure seamless integration with medical devices.

[0053] To prevent exposure to the environment, a sealed loop design is employed in system 300. Specifically, system 300 from the oxygen enrichment unit to the injection point can be constructed as a closed loop to ensure that no air or ambient gases can enter the system, thereby preventing oxygen loss.

[0054] Use oxygen-impermeable pipes. Pipes made of materials with low gas permeability (e.g., multilayer polymers or fluorinated coatings) are used to minimize oxygen diffusion out of the fluid. This ensures that the oxygenated liquid maintains its high oxygen content throughout the process.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the invention, the system 300 maintains a slight positive pressure within the pipes and fluid reservoir to further prevent external air from entering and damaging the oxygen content of the fluid.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the invention, the system 300 is provided with components for in-line oxygen monitoring. A continuously operating oxygen saturation sensor is integrated along the pipeline to monitor and maintain optimal dissolved oxygen levels in real time, thereby ensuring fluid efficiency during delivery.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the invention, system 300 includes manifolds and tubing networks (not shown) for delivering oxygenated fluid to multiple patients. Therefore, system 300 is provided with a uniform wall adapter.

[0058] Now for reference Figure 4 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method 400 for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. Method 400 begins at step 410 with the provision of a system and oxygen source (such as an oxygen cylinder) for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood. Then, a high-pressure vessel is filled with the liquid to be oxygenated (step 420). Oxygen is supplied to the high-pressure vessel at a predetermined high pressure (step 430). The liquid is maintained at the predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined period of time (step 440). At step 450, the high pressure within the high-pressure vessel is reduced to atmospheric pressure. In step 460, the oxygenated liquid is discharged from the high-pressure vessel. Finally, at step 470, the blood to be oxygenated and the oxygenated liquid are pumped in opposite directions into the first and second compartments of a filtration chamber. As described above, through osmotic exchange, blood contaminants diffuse into the demineralized water, while oxygen at an elevated partial pressure in the demineralized water is transferred into the blood stream.

[0059] To monitor the effectiveness of the oxygenation process, in-line sensors are integrated into system 300. These sensors are configured to measure dissolved oxygen levels in the blood before and after the dialysis filter. Providing real-time feedback on the oxygenation process, these sensors ensure precise adjustments during treatment to achieve optimal oxygen levels and are integrated into the extracorporeal circuit or intravenous line for continuous measurement and recording of pO2 levels, thereby enhancing clinical safety.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the invention, system 300 can operate as a standalone device or as a built-in device in standard medical equipment such as a dialysis machine or other extracorporeal system. The standalone system has autonomous control mechanisms and components for delivering oxygenated fluid. In an integrated system, system 300 can be easily connected to existing hemodialysis machines, ECMO systems, or other extracorporeal circuits, thereby enhancing its versatility for hospitals and clinics.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the invention, the oxygenated fluid can be delivered to the patient either continuously via the hemodialysis system or directly via an intravenous access. This dual delivery option ensures the system can be used in various clinical settings. Continuous infusion during hemodialysis ensures a constant oxygen delivery to the patient, thereby optimizing oxygenation over time.

[0062] Continuous infusion during, before, or after blood filtration. Direct intravenous infusion can be used for critical care or emergencies, allowing for the rapid delivery of oxygenated fluids.

[0063] Optional enhancements involve the localized delivery of oxygenated fluid to specific organs or tissues. Oxygenated fluids can be delivered directly to critical organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, or ischemic limbs, providing targeted oxygen therapy where it is most needed. Depending on clinical need, arterial or venous delivery options are available, allowing for precise control of oxygen levels in specific areas of the body. Localized delivery of oxygenated fluids ensures localized treatment of hypoxic tissues, enhancing the therapeutic effect while minimizing potential side effects.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the invention, a blood filter 315 is configured to remove CO2 during the oxygenation process using the "Oxygen Dialysis System" (ODS) of the invention. As a smaller molecule than O2, CO2 can naturally diffuse from the blood through the membrane into the fluid during the oxygenation process. The blood filter 315 is designed to allow CO2 to be efficiently transferred from the blood into a supersaturated fluid, thereby enhancing the patient's blood gas balance. In cases of hypercapnia (elevated CO2 levels) where CO2 levels need to be managed in parallel with oxygen enrichment, the CO2 removal feature can improve outcomes.

[0065] Additional options involve integrating ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) into the process. Specifically, an ECCO2R (extracorporeal CO2 removal) system, such as the Baxter method, can be included in tandem with the dialysis system. This system can be used at low flow rates, similar to dialysis, making it suitable for CO2 removal while also providing a degree of oxygenation. This configuration can be used for patients requiring both CO2 removal and oxygen enrichment, especially those with respiratory failure or severe lung disease. Integrating it into the dialysis process increases the system's versatility.

[0066] Specifically, after the blood filtration device, a standard dialysis process is added, in which oxygen-saturated fluid is added directly to the blood flow.

[0067] Now for reference Figure 5 The diagram schematically depicts an additional compression option for a system 500 according to another embodiment of the invention. Here, the oxygen tank 501 is normally closed via the oxygen inlet 502 to avoid connection with the compression tank 503; and is normally connected to the fluid flow circulation loop 504.

[0068] The scope of this invention includes steps in which fluid compression and / or circulation and / or cooling / heating and / or flow is provided in a continuous and / or pulsed manner, wherein the pulse train is uniform, i.e., it comprises pulses having similar physical properties (duration, pressure, volume, etc.), and / or non-uniform pulse trains, which comprise pulses differing in their physical properties, forming, for example, increasing / decreasing profiles, Gaussian curves, etc. Combinations of continuous or pulsed steps are provided in some embodiments of the invention, i.e., continuous flow, i.e., pumping in a uniform or pulsed manner. Controllers and sensor arrays are utilized in the operation of this complex time-resolved and feedback process.

[0069] exist Figure 6 The process schematically depicted herein can be provided in method 600, which includes steps 601-606, namely, filling the tank with fluid (601), then initiating a circulation loop (602); opening the oxygen valve, and maintaining the process for a specified period of time (603). After a period of time, closing the oxygen valve (604), releasing the pressure by opening the exhaust valve (605), and then draining the liquid (606).

[0070] According to another embodiment of the invention, the systems and methods defined in any of the foregoing include optional components and steps for pre-cooling the fluid. For example, it is useful to cool the fluid to a temperature range of about 5 degrees Celsius to about 15 degrees Celsius using a cooler (such as a refrigerator or blower cooler).

[0071] According to another embodiment of the invention, the systems and methods defined in any of the foregoing are constructed for home use or otherwise used outside of hospitals, such as in care points, clinics, dedicated ambulances, etc., as an alternative to regular visits to treatment centers. Therefore, within the scope of the invention, it is feasible for at least a portion of the system to be wetted and provided as handheld, portable, or carryable. Also within the scope of the invention, at least a portion of the system is integrated with, incorporated into, and interconnected with patient-specific furniture (such as beds, chairs, etc.).

[0072] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system defined in any of the foregoing is provided as a single-use or disposable item, such as a box. The term box is used herein in a non-limiting manner to refer to disposable modules (e.g., blood or dialysate boxes), subsystems (such as pumping units, fluid conduits, etc.), etc.

[0073] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system defined in any of the foregoing is provided for indoor or outdoor use; and includes, or is otherwise interconnected with, a solar panel for generating electricity to power the dialysis machine and / or an atmospheric water generator for extracting water from ambient air. This emergency mode application can be associated with a manually operated power or pressure source.

[0074] During oxidative hemodialysis, patients may experience discomfort during or after treatment, including general restlessness, muscle cramps, and dizziness. With the increasing availability of portable dialysis options, modifying treatment protocols can significantly enhance patient comfort, overall experience, and health. A key technical challenge addressed in this patent is improving patient comfort and satisfaction during hemodialysis treatment. Therefore, according to another embodiment of the invention, a system defined in any of the foregoing is designed for oxygenating hemodialysis, incorporating one or more hardware-based non-transitory computer-readable storage units. These storage units store instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, enable the device to improve the patient experience by addressing discomfort experienced during or after treatment. The system collects data related to the operation of the device and patient characteristics, acquiring this data from the device itself or from user input received directly at the device or a separate computing device. The collected data is then transmitted to a remote computing device that analyzes the information using an artificial intelligence (AI) engine or predetermined rules. The remote device then sends various types of feedback back to the medical device or its associated computing device, including: (a) adjustments to the device's operation, (b) suggested modifications to improve treatment, or (c) notifications regarding the device or patient's status. This process utilizes crowdsourced data from other patients or medical devices to ensure that notifications are adjusted based on real-world experiences to improve patient comfort and overall treatment satisfaction.

[0075] According to another embodiment of the invention, a compressible and concentrated suspension containing gas-filled microbubbles has been developed for oxygenated dialysis, thereby facilitating efficient gas delivery to patients in need. These microbubbles consist of a gas core encapsulated in a lipid membrane comprising (a) various lipids, such as 1,2-distearate-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and (b) a stabilizer that may include detergents such as poloxamer 188, Pluronic F108, Pluronic F127, polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether, cholesterol, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium deoxycholate (NaDoc). These systems enhance oxygen delivery during hemodialysis treatment, thereby improving patient outcomes and overall treatment efficacy.

[0076] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system includes a cooler (such as a refrigerator or a blower freezer) provided for thermal conditioning of fluids at various locations in the system.

[0077] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured for treating patients undergoing oxygenated dialysis, involving intravenous infusion of oxygen-supersaturated non-blood fluid. The process includes maintaining the temperature of the supersaturated fluid at a low level during infusion to help lower the patient's core body temperature from the pre-infusion baseline, thereby inducing mild therapeutic hypothermia. Furthermore, the method requires adjusting the flow rate of oxygen entering the non-blood fluid while maintaining it in a gas-liquid contact device to ensure that an appropriate amount of oxygen is effectively dissolved in the fluid before the fluid is intravenously infused into the patient.

[0078] According to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured for oxygen therapy, the steps include: (a) oxygenating a non-blood fluid outside the body by exposing it to oxygen at a high pressure; (b) ensuring that the fluid remains in contact with oxygen until its oxygen partial pressure reaches a minimum of 760 mm Hg; and (c) administering the oxygenated fluid to the patient while maintaining the oxygen partial pressure at a high pressure level.

[0079] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to oxygenate the blood of an individual, involving a process of contacting an internal organ, such as a segment of the digestive tract, with an aqueous or water-miscible preparation containing oxygen-filled microbubbles.

[0080] According to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to guide patient treatment, comprising the steps of: assessing the oxygenation status of patient tissues by calculating the ratio of the total number of combinations of oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin to deoxymyoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin; and using a drug delivery system to modify the administration of medication to the patient in order to adjust the patient's tissue oxygenation to achieve a predetermined target level.

[0081] According to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to administer oxygen to a specific area of ​​a patient requiring oxygen therapy during hemodialysis oxygenation, the method comprising: supplying a flow-through fixed peroxide decomposition catalyst device equipped with at least one inlet for an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and an outlet for an oxygenation aqueous fluid; introducing the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution into the inlet of the device; and directing the oxygenation aqueous fluid, which is now free of hydrogen peroxide, to the target area of ​​the patient.

[0082] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to deliver automated oxygen therapy in conjunction with a dual closed-loop regulating device designed to control oxygen administration for the therapy. The device and method utilize a controller that manages the oxygen flow through a valve, adjusting based on feedback from a flow meter and sensors. Furthermore, the controller is programmed to implement a control algorithm that activates in response to physiological data received from the sensors, indicating when the patient should engage in physical activity. This control algorithm enables iterative modification of the oxygen flow through the valve, thereby employing a predicted oxygen consumption model to address increased oxygen demand during physical activity.

[0083] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured for patient monitoring. It is designed to track the oxygen saturation and / or oxygenation level in a patient's blood. When the oxygen level drops below a specified threshold indicating hypoxemia, the patient is reoxygenated. The reoxygenation process begins with a rapid oxygenation phase and then gradually decreases, thereby allowing oxygen to be delivered at atmospheric levels. The system dynamically adjusts the ratio of delivered oxygen to ambient air, the duration of treatment, and the frequency of oxygenation events. It can also modify the automated delivery of medications based on the patient's condition and the reoxygenation status.

[0084] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to supply oxygen to a patient's tissues or organs during oxygenation in hemodialysis, involving the administration of a formulation comprising a microbubble suspension and a carrier. These microbubbles consist of a lipid shell encapsulating an oxygen-filled core. The lipid shell is composed of one or more lipids configured as a lipid membrane, and it includes one or more emulsifiers that create a protective barrier on the exterior of the lipid membrane. These emulsifiers function in forming this protective layer, and the suspension contains at least 40% oxygen by volume. The formulation is delivered in an effective dose to increase the oxygen concentration in the patient's oxygen-required blood, tissues, or organs.

[0085] According to yet another embodiment of the invention, wherein the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are configured to provide a kit designed for rapid oxygen delivery during oxygenation of a patient undergoing hemodialysis in need, the kit comprising: (a) a combination of one or more lipids and one or more emulsifiers that promote microbubble formation, (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and (c) an oxygen source. When these components are combined to produce a microbubble suspension, the resulting microbubbles are characterized by a lipid shell encapsulating a gas core containing oxygen. The lipid shell comprises one or more lipids that form a lipid membrane, and one or more emulsifiers. The outer surface of the lipid membrane serves as a protective barrier, and the emulsifiers facilitate the establishment of this protective layer. The suspension is formulated to contain at least 40% oxygen by volume.

[0086] According to another embodiment of the invention, a system and method are provided to maintain adequate oxygen levels in venous blood using intravenous fluid, blood, or artificial blood rich in high levels of mechanically injected dissolved oxygen, thereby providing short-term oxygenation support for patients experiencing injury or trauma. Specifically, the method is designed to oxygenate a biofluid intended for injured or traumatized patients requiring oxygenation support to maintain appropriate oxygen levels. The method involves supplying oxygen from a designated oxygen source and dissolving a designated amount of that oxygen in a biofluid to produce an oxygen-enriched fluid suitable for hemodialysis treatment.

[0087] According to another embodiment of the invention, the systems and methods defined in any of the foregoing are configured to manage supersaturated oxygen therapy via feedback from patient parameters. The systems and methods of this embodiment are configured to manage oxygenation therapy during hemodialysis, utilizing one or more sensors to monitor various physiological parameters in the patient, such as blood or tissue oxygen levels. A processing unit generates alerts via a user interface based on these measurements, thereby providing information about the effectiveness of the oxygenation therapy. Specifically, the processor is designed to receive signals from the sensors corresponding to measured values ​​of the blood oxygen parameters, and based on these values, generate alerts via the user interface indicating the current state of the blood oxygen level, thereby reflecting the effectiveness of the oxygenation therapy during treatment.

[0088] According to another embodiment of the invention, wherein the system and method defined in any of the preceding claims are configured to manage oxygen therapy during hemodialysis oxygenation of a patient, the system and method include an oxygen concentrator designed to generate and deliver an oxygen-enriched fluid to the patient at a specified dose, sense and collect physiological data from the patient, collect operational data during the generation and delivery of the oxygen-enriched fluid, adjust the dose of the oxygen-enriched fluid based on the monitored physiological data, and transmit both the operational data and the physiological data. Additionally, a health data analysis engine interconnected with the oxygen concentrator is configured to collect data transmitted by the oxygen concentrator, detect triggering events based on the collected information, and determine an appropriate response to resolve the identified triggering events.

[0089] According to another embodiment of the invention, targeted oxygen delivery during oxygenated hemodialysis involves intravenous or intra-arterial infusion of an oxygenated polymerized hemoglobin solution. These means and methods involve administering an oxygenated hemoglobin solution to a patient, specifically designed to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues, blood vessels, organs, or organ regions in ischemic conditions. In addition to being tailored to a suitable perfusion solution for effective perfusion of various organ types, the oxygenated hemoglobin solution also contains polymerized hemoglobin, wherein approximately 80% by weight or more of the polymerized hemoglobin remains as oxygenated hemoglobin.

[0090] According to another embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for infusing gas into the bloodstream during hemodialysis oxygenation involves generating and introducing gaseous nanobubbles to achieve therapeutic effects, such as enhanced oxygenation. These nanobubbles can be generated in or outside the patient during the infusion process or beforehand. Additionally, carbon dioxide (CO2) is extracted from the blood to facilitate improved oxygen delivery. The method of infusing gas into the blood involves generating bubbles in a medium, reducing these bubbles to nanobubbles with a diameter of less than 500 nm, and then introducing the medium containing these nanobubbles into the patient's bloodstream. External energy can be used to cause the nanobubbles to rupture at a target location within the body. A system designed to remove CO2 from the bloodstream includes a first chamber receiving blood from the patient, a second chamber, and a permeable membrane separating the two chambers. A vacuum is used to reduce the pressure in the second chamber, thereby increasing the flow rate of CO2 from the blood through the membrane. Additionally, a flow pump is connected to the first chamber on the inlet side and to the patient on the outlet side, thereby promoting effective blood circulation during treatment.

[0091] According to another embodiment of the invention, the system and method defined in any of the foregoing are constructed for use.

[0092] Furthermore, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the technologies, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated as discrete or separate in various embodiments may be combined or integrated with other systems, components, technologies, or methods. Other items shown or discussed in a coupled manner may be directly coupled or communicated, or indirectly coupled or communicated, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise, through some interface, device, or intermediate component. Other examples that can be identified and modified, substituted, and altered by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. An apparatus for oxygenating a liquid, the apparatus comprising a high-pressure vessel configured to contain the liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure vessel having an inlet gate valve configured to supply the liquid into the high-pressure vessel; A discharge gate valve configured to discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; An oxygen valve configured to supply oxygen under high pressure from an oxygen source to the high-pressure container filled with the liquid; and a pressure reducing valve configured to exhaust oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere; The inlet gate valve is normally closed but can be opened during the filling of the high-pressure vessel with the liquid; The discharge gate valve is normally closed and may be opened during the discharge of the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; and the oxygen valve is normally closed and may be opened during the supply of oxygen to the high-pressure vessel; and the pressure reducing valve is normally closed and may be opened after maintaining the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure for a predetermined period of time and then during the venting of oxygen from the high-pressure vessel.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: perfluorocarbon-based solutions, lipid-based emulsions, ionic liquids, desalted water, salt solutions, electrolyte solutions, protein solutions, peptide-based solutions, solutions containing oxygen solubility enhancers, and any combination thereof.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the solution is prepared in purified water selected from the group consisting of: reverse osmosis purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the purified water is selected from the group consisting of: ionized water, ultraviolet radiation treated water, electrolytically dissociated water, and any combination thereof.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined high pressure is in the range of 80 to 300 atmospheres.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time period is in the range of 1 second and 60 minutes.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oxygen source is normally closed via an oxygen inlet to avoid connection with the compression tank; and is normally connected to the circulation loop of the fluid flow.

8. A method for oxygenating a liquid, comprising the following steps: a. An apparatus for oxygenating a liquid, the apparatus comprising: a high-pressure vessel configured to contain the liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure vessel having: an inlet gate valve configured to supply the liquid into the high-pressure vessel; a vent gate valve configured to discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; an oxygen valve configured to supply oxygen at a predetermined high pressure from an oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel filled with the liquid; and a pressure-reducing valve configured to vent oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere; the inlet gate valve being normally closed and openable during filling of the high-pressure vessel with the liquid; the vent gate valve being normally closed and openable during discharging of the liquid from the high-pressure vessel; and the oxygen valve being normally closed and openable during supplying oxygen to the high-pressure vessel, and the pressure-reducing valve being normally closed and openable during venting of oxygen from the high-pressure vessel after maintaining the liquid in the high-pressure vessel at the high pressure for a predetermined time period; b. Open the inlet gate valve, fill the high-pressure vessel with the liquid to be oxygenated, and then close the inlet gate valve; c. Open the oxygen valve and supply oxygen at high pressure from the oxygen source into the high-pressure vessel until the predetermined high pressure is reached, and then close it; d. Maintain the liquid under the predetermined high pressure for a predetermined period of time; e. Open the pressure reducing valve and exhaust oxygen from the high pressure to the atmosphere; and f. Discharge the liquid from the high-pressure vessel via the discharge gate valve.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the liquid is desalinated water.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined high pressure is in the range of 80 to 300 atmospheres.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined time period is in the range of 1 second and 60 minutes.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: perfluorinated carbon-based solutions, desalinated water, lipid-based emulsions, ionic liquids, salt solutions, electrolyte solutions, protein solutions, peptide-based solutions, solutions containing oxygen solubility enhancers, and any combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the solution is prepared in purified water selected from the group consisting of: reverse osmosis purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the purified water is selected from the group consisting of: ionized water, ultraviolet radiation treated water, electrolytically dissociated water, and any combination thereof.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: The oxygen source is normally closed via the oxygen inlet to avoid connection with the compression tank; and the oxygen source is normally connected to the circulation loop of the fluid flow.

16. A system for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood, the system comprising: a. A high-pressure container that can be filled with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure container is in fluid communication with a pressurized oxygen source; the high-pressure container is configured to oxygenate the liquid by maintaining the liquid at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure container is configured to dispense the oxygenated liquid after the maintenance at the predetermined oxygen pressure; b. A filtration chamber having at least one first flow compartment and at least one second flow compartment, the at least one first flow compartment and the at least one second flow compartment being separated by a blood filter therebetween; At least one first flow compartment and at least one second flow compartment each have an inlet end and an outlet end; c. A first pump that supplies the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel to the first compartment; as well as d. A second pump, which supplies oxygenated blood to the second compartment; When dispensed from the high-pressure vessel, the oxygenated liquid is supplied to the inlet end of the first compartment and discharged via the outlet end of the first compartment; The blood to be oxygenated is supplied to the inlet end of the second compartment and flows out from the outlet end of the second compartment when it is oxygenated.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride (salt) solutions of different concentrations, lactated Ringer's solution, protein solution, potassium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, dextrorotatory salt solution, and any combination thereof.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined high pressure is in the range of 80 to 300 atmospheres.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined time period is in the range of 1 second and 60 minutes.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the blood and the oxygenated liquid in the first compartment and the second compartment flow in opposite directions.

21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: perfluorocarbon-based solutions, lipid-based emulsions, ionic liquids, desalinated water, salt solutions, electrolyte solutions, protein solutions, peptide-based solutions, solutions containing oxygen solubility enhancers, and any combination thereof.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the solution is prepared in purified water selected from the group consisting of: reverse osmosis purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the purified water is selected from the group consisting of: ionized water, ultraviolet radiation treated water, electrolytically dissociated water, and any combination thereof.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the blood filter comprises at least one of the following: micron or nanoporous membranes, ion-permeable membranes, catalytic oxygenation membranes, charged membranes, and any combination thereof.

25. The apparatus of claim 16, comprising a sensor configured to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen relative to upstream and downstream of the blood filter.

26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the blood filter is configured to reduce the CO2 concentration in the patient's bloodstream.

27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the oxygen tank is normally closed via the oxygen inlet to avoid connection with the compression tank; and is normally connected to the circulation loop of the fluid flow.

28. A method for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood, the method comprising the following steps: a. A system for extracorporeal oxygenation of blood, the system comprising: i. A high-pressure container, which can be filled with a liquid to be oxygenated; the high-pressure container is in fluid communication with a pressurized oxygen source; the high-pressure container is configured to oxygenate the liquid by maintaining the liquid at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined time period; the high-pressure container is configured to dispense the oxygenated liquid after the maintenance at the predetermined oxygen pressure; and ii. A filter chamber having at least one first flow compartment and at least one second flow compartment, said at least one first flow compartment and at least one second flow compartment being separated therefrom by at least one permeation membrane; each of the at least one first flow compartment and at least one second flow compartment having an inlet end and an outlet end; iii. A first pump that supplies the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel to the first compartment; and iv. A second pump that supplies oxygenated blood to the second compartment; when dispensed from a high-pressure vessel, the oxygenated liquid is supplied to the inlet end of the first compartment and discharged via the outlet end of the first compartment; oxygenated blood is supplied to the inlet end of the second compartment and flows out from the outlet end of the second compartment when oxygenated. b. Fill the high-pressure vessel with liquid; c. Supply oxygen to the high-pressure vessel at a predetermined high pressure; d. Maintain the liquid at a predetermined oxygen pressure for a predetermined period of time; e. Reduce the predetermined high pressure inside the high-pressure vessel to atmospheric pressure; f. Discharging the oxygenated liquid from the high-pressure vessel; and g. Simultaneously, the oxygenated liquid and the blood to be oxygenated flow in opposite directions along the at least one permeation membrane through the first and second compartments of the filtration chamber.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: sodium chloride (salt) solutions of different concentrations, lactated Ringer's solution, protein solution, potassium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, dextrorotatory salt solution, any combination thereof, and any other solution that can be exposed to high environmental pressure.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the predetermined high pressure is in the range of 80 to 300 atmospheres.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein the predetermined time period is in the range of 1 second and 60 minutes.

32. The method of claim 28, wherein the blood and the oxygenated liquid in the first compartment and the second compartment flow in opposite directions.

33. The method of claim 28, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of: perfluorinated carbon-based solutions, lipid-based emulsions, ionic liquids, desalted water, salt solutions, electrolyte solutions, protein solutions, peptide-based solutions, solutions containing oxygen solubility enhancers, and any combination thereof.

34. The method of claim 29, comprising the step of preparing the solution in purified water selected from the group consisting of: reverse osmosis purified water, deionized water, distilled water, and any combination thereof.

35. The method of claim 34, comprising the step of treating the purified water selected from the group consisting of: ionization treatment, ultraviolet radiation treatment, electrolytic dissociation treatment, and any combination thereof.

36. The method of claim 29, wherein the blood filter comprises at least one of the following: micron or nanoporous membranes, ion-permeable membranes, catalytic oxygenation membranes, charged membranes, and any combination thereof.

37. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of measuring dissolved oxygen concentrations relative to upstream and downstream of the blood filter.

38. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of reducing the CO2 concentration in the patient's bloodstream.

Images