Opening device for a motor vehicle door

Abstract

The invention relates to an opening device for a motor vehicle door (1). The basic structure of the opening device comprises a pusher (3), an electric drive (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and a pyrotechnic actuator (9, 10). The drive (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and the pyrotechnic actuator (9, 10) act selectively on the pusher (3). According to the invention, the pusher (3) has, on the one hand, a toothing (11) for engagement with the electric drive (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and, on the other hand, at least one stop (13, 14, 15) for the pyrotechnic actuator (9, 10).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an opening device for a motor vehicle door, the opening device having a pusher / push rod, an electric drive unit, and a pyrotechnic actuator / pyrotechnic actuator, wherein the drive unit and the pyrotechnic actuator selectively act on the pusher. Background Technology

[0002] Opening devices for vehicle doors are increasingly used, particularly in newer models, to ensure at least partial opening of doors, typically in handle-less vehicles. These doors, or vehicle doors, have a gap relative to the vehicle body, allowing the operator to fully open the door through this gap. For this purpose, the doors are usually equipped with an additional so-called electronic lock, i.e., a door lock that can be opened electrically.

[0003] Unlocking the relevant vehicle door is performed in such a way that the operator initiates the opening process using a remote control and / or, after authorization verification (automatically initiated), communication (occurring upon proximity) between the operator's chip card and the vehicle to open the relevant electronic lock.

[0004] As a result of the lock opening, the relevant vehicle door is slightly opened by the elastic force generated by the surrounding rubber seal; however, without an associated exterior door handle, the operator cannot swing the vehicle door open. Currently, attempts are being made to abandon such exterior door handles for aerodynamic reasons. Therefore, handle-less vehicle doors are preferred.

[0005] Accordingly, after the lock is opened, the opening device, along with its pusher, ensures that the vehicle door is swung open relative to the vehicle body, or rather, swung open to a gap position such that the operator can then pass through the gap to grasp the vehicle door from behind and swing it open. For this purpose, the opening device is typically arranged inside the vehicle door along with the vehicle lock, and the extended pusher causes the vehicle door to seemingly touch the vehicle body and spring back.

[0006] This proves advantageous in principle, for example, as described in DE 10 2007 021 840 B4. In this case, it should be emphasized that the term "motor vehicle door" should be interpreted broadly. It includes not only swing-out side doors of motor vehicles, but also, in principle, tailgates, hoods, sliding doors, and even fuel tank caps, charging socket covers, etc.

[0007] Because known opening devices are equipped with an electric drive for loading the jacking member, problems may arise in the event of failure of the electric drive. Such failure is observed when the vehicle battery no longer provides or is unable to provide the electrical energy required to power the electric drive. This may be a result of deep discharge of the vehicle battery or, in particular, when the power supply to the electric drive is interrupted after a collision. For this reason, such prior art as DE 10 2020 131 792 B3 works by providing an additional pyrotechnic actuator.

[0008] The pyrotechnic actuator allows for axial adjustment of the second gear when needed, thereby disengaging it from the first gear. The ultimate effect is that the pusher connected to the second gear undergoes a sudden axial adjustment, ensuring the opening of the vehicle door within the scope of the described emergency situation. In other words, selectively, the electric drive operates on the relevant pusher during normal operation, while the pyrotechnic actuator operates on the relevant pusher during emergency operation.

[0009] Therefore, known opening devices are equipped not only with an electric drive, but also with a first shaft carrying a first gear and a second shaft extending parallel to the first shaft, the second gear being arranged on the second shaft in a manner that prevents relative rotation. Furthermore, a lead screw sleeve or pusher is provided, which is operatively connected to the second shaft, which is configured as a lead screw. This results in a space-consuming and complex structure including two gears and shafts. Moreover, emergency operation relies on the axial adjustment of the second gear, thereby disconnecting its operative connection with the first gear. That is, in addition to the space-consuming and complex structure, functional failures are also possible in principle, i.e., the two gears may lock together or not easily disengage during emergency operation. The present invention provides a comprehensive remedy for this. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to further improve this opening device for motor vehicle doors so as to ensure a compact structure that meets functional requirements.

[0011] To solve this technical problem, the present invention proposes an opening device for a motor vehicle door, wherein the pusher has teeth on one hand for engaging with an electric drive device, and a stop on the other hand for a pyrotechnic actuator.

[0012] This approach achieves a compact structure that simultaneously meets functional requirements. The jacking component possesses a core function similar to the following: it is directly adjustable during normal operation by means of an electric drive, specifically by means of teeth that engage with the electric drive and are adjusted axially. Conversely, emergency operation is also possible; more precisely, in this case, the pyrotechnic actuator, via a stop, ensures the necessary axial adjustment of the jacking component. Indeed, the axial adjustment of the jacking component is achieved during normal operation by the electric drive, or during emergency operation by the pyrotechnic actuator. In principle, the jacking component can also be loaded in parallel using both an electric drive and, additionally, a pyrotechnic actuator.

[0013] To achieve and implement this, specifically, the teeth typically extend in the longitudinal direction of the pushing member. Furthermore, gears of the drive unit mesh with the teeth. In addition to gears, the drive unit typically also includes at least a motor.

[0014] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the drive unit, in addition to gears and a motor, is mostly equipped with a drive disc and a spring. In this design, the motor, with its output shaft engaged with the drive disc and causing it to rotate, if necessary, via a transmission mechanism connected in the middle. The drive disc then acts on the gear, which itself meshes with teeth in the longitudinal extension direction of the pusher, via a spring connected in the middle.

[0015] The design further incorporates the following: the radius of the gear is designed to be variable / variable along the travel of the jacking member, typically increasing. That is, the gear meshing with the teeth in the longitudinal direction of the jacking member acts on the jacking member with a small radius at the beginning of its travel to drive it, a radius that increases observably over the travel of the jacking member. Thus, a small torque is typically provided at the beginning of the jacking member's travel for axial adjustment, a torque that increases observably over the travel of the jacking member. This is based at least on the assumption that the motor rotates the gear with the same force, and that the torque increases along the travel of the jacking member—as described—due to the increased radius over the travel.

[0016] Of course, other design options can also be considered, and the present invention covers these options. Because the gear can optionally be connected to a motor or drive disc, which is another component of the electric drive unit, with a spring in between, a particularly functionally appropriate loading of the pusher is provided by means of both the electric drive unit and a pyrotechnic actuator. This is because, during normal operation, there is a possibility that the spring connecting the gear and the drive disc or motor may be tensioned when the pusher may lock. This is, for example, when a vehicle door that can be loaded by the pusher is frozen. In this case, after the set rotational stroke of the drive disc or motor, for example, the drive disc is pressed against the gear by a stop on the drive disc while the spring is tensioned, thus ensuring the "ice-breaking function" and opening the vehicle door by breaking through any possible ice.

[0017] However, the intermediate connecting spring typically ensures that the rotational motion of the drive disc or motor is transmitted to the gears. This method has the additional advantage that, in emergency operation and when the electric drive unit stops, the pyrotechnic actuator can easily load the pusher via the stop and ensure the desired axial adjustment of the pusher. This is because, in this situation and during emergency operation, the spring allows relative movement between the gear that moves with the pusher and the drive disc or motor that is fixed relative to it. For this purpose, the spring is advantageously designed as a helical spring, which can be inserted into the cavity of the drive disc.

[0018] In other words, the spring ensures overload protection during normal operation, specifically when the jacking component is exemplarily locked during operation (when the vehicle door is frozen or otherwise locked). On the other hand, the spring ensures that the electric drive unit does not need to "follow up" during emergency operation. This is because, during emergency operation, the gears move together with the jacking component due to the pyrotechnic actuator, and the intermediate spring ensures that this movement can be achieved with the spring tensioned—more precisely, even when the drive disc is stationary or the motor is not operated. Therefore, only a small operating force is required during emergency operation, and thus small, inexpensive pyrotechnic actuators can be used.

[0019] It goes without saying in this context that one or more sensors are provided. For example, a microswitch can be installed to record the axial movement of the pusher, which also monitors and senses the retraction and extension states of the pusher and transmits this information to the control unit. Furthermore, another sensor in the form of a proximity sensor is implemented to detect the distance of the pusher relative to the vehicle door. This ensures that the opening device is actually only engaged when the vehicle door is closed.

[0020] The specific design of the stop portion for the pyrotechnic actuator on the pusher can take many forms. For example, it is conceivable that the stop portion is located on the end side and / or approximately the middle of the pusher. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the stop portion is located inside the pusher, which is at least partially hollow. In this case, the pusher is typically designed as a two-piece unit, having a cylinder that receives the pyrotechnic actuator and a piston with the stop portion.

[0021] In other words, in this configuration, a pyrotechnic actuator is housed within the cylinder, and a punch extending from the actuator acts on a piston, which is a component of a two-piece pusher. The piston is equipped with a stop, typically located inside the piston and on its end face. Once the pyrotechnic actuator or the propellant charge within it is ignited, the subsequently extending punch ensures that the piston, with its inner stop, moves away from the cylinder. In this configuration, the cylinder housing the pyrotechnic actuator remains stationary and only the piston moves, ensuring the intended opening movement of the vehicle door during emergency operation.

[0022] Therefore, in this variant, some components, such as the spring which is part of the electric drive, can be omitted because the teeth are typically located on the cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the pushing member. Since the motor, gears, and cylinder remain stationary during emergency operation, and only the piston moves axially by means of a pyrotechnic actuator, a variant with a simple overall construction and low cost can be achieved. This simplifies installation and reduces costs simply due to the smaller number of required components. In fact, in this case, not only the spring but also the drive disc is usually omitted, allowing the motor to act directly on the gears if necessary, with an intermediate transmission mechanism.

[0023] In another design approach, proven effective, the pyrotechnic actuator acts as a whole on the pusher with an intermediate connecting rod. This rod, in conjunction with the loading of the pusher, ensures steering or torque enhancement. For the reasons described above, the triggering of the pyrotechnic actuator is typically associated with the plunger extending due to the ignition of the propellant charge and, in this variant, acting on the rod, for example, oscillating about its axis. Thus, the plunger can load one end of the rod, for example, constructed as a double-arm, while the other end of the double-arm moves against a stop on the pusher, thereby axially adjusting the pusher.

[0024] Finally, it has proven particularly effective and advantageous in practice that the pyrotechnic actuator and the pusher at least partially overlap in their respective longitudinal extension directions and in the top view. In a two-piece embodiment of the pusher comprising a cylinder and a piston, the pyrotechnic actuator engages with the cylinder, in which case even complete overlap can be achieved. In any case, the at least partial overlap between the pyrotechnic actuator and the pusher in their respective longitudinal extension directions ensures that the opening device according to the invention is constructed in a particularly compact and miniaturized manner. Complementing this is that the gears in the teeth engaging with the pusher, and consequently the electric drive, also overlap with the pusher, thereby providing a small, integrally nested structural form.

[0025] In principle, the aforementioned opening device can be arranged and installed inside the vehicle door or the vehicle hood. However, it is also possible to consider placing the relevant opening device inside the vehicle body. In cases where an opening device is required to open, such as a side door, a solution installed in the B-pillar of the vehicle body has proven advantageous.

[0026] All of this is achieved while taking into account a structure that meets functional requirements and is cost-effective, ensuring and providing trouble-free normal operation as well as ensuring and providing emergency operation. This is the main advantage of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to a variant of which only one embodiment is shown; the figures show:

[0028] Figure 1 A first embodiment of the opening device according to the present invention is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 Another second variant is shown.

[0030] Figure 3 A third embodiment variation of the opening device according to the invention is shown, and

[0031] Figure 4 The drive mechanism is shown in detail. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The accompanying drawings show an opening device for a vehicle door 1, which is only sketched in a simplified manner. Vehicle door 1 is not limited to a side door. Vehicle door 1 or a side door is hinged in a manner that allows it to swing relative to the sketched vehicle body 2. With this opening device, vehicle door 1 is moved from its position shown in solid lines to its open position shown in dashed lines. This creates an associated and schematically shown gap or gripping gap S between the door leaf and the vehicle body 2, through which the operator can grasp the door leaf and fully open it. This is generally predicated on vehicle door 1 being opened first.

[0033] For this purpose, a vehicle lock (not shown) equipped with an electrically operated opening drive can be additionally provided. Therefore, and according to an embodiment, the vehicle lock (not shown) and the opening device, which will be described in detail later, are simply outlined inside the vehicle door 1. Additionally, it is possible that the vehicle lock and the aforementioned opening device define a single structural unit. In any case, the opening device, which will be described in detail later, allows the pusher 3 to extend in the axial direction A. When the vehicle door 1 is a front side door, the pusher 3 moves against the simply outlined vehicle body 2, for example, the B-pillar of the vehicle body 2, during its adjustment in the axial direction A. Thus, the vehicle door 1 is opened, i.e., from the position shown in solid lines to the position shown in dashed lines, simultaneously creating a gap or gripping gap S.

[0034] To load the jacking member 3 in the axial direction A and move the jacking member, electrically driven devices 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were implemented. Figure 4 A separate view of the drive unit is shown. In addition, pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 are separately provided for loading the pusher 3 in the axial direction A. The electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 selectively act on the pusher 3. In practice, the design is such that the pusher 3 moves in the axial direction A under normal operation by means of the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. However, if the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 fail, the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 are used, alternatively and selectively, in emergency operation to extend and move the pusher 3 in the axial direction A.

[0035] Based on the individual detailed drawings of the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, it is possible to... Figure 4 As can be seen, the electric drive unit is first equipped with a motor 4. The motor 4 meshes with an optional transmission mechanism 5. The drive disk 6 is rotated by means of the transmission mechanism 5 or the motor 4. The drive disk 6 acts on the gear 8 with a spring 7 connected in the middle. Here, it is designed such that the spring 7 is constructed as a helical spring and positioned in a can-shaped recess of the drive disk 6. In addition, the drive disk 6 and the gear 8 are supported coaxially.

[0036] The rotation of motor 4 is now transmitted to drive disk 6 via transmission mechanism 5, which may be equipped with outer teeth. Since spring or coil spring 7 is connected to drive disk 6, spring 7 moves together with drive disk 6.

[0037] Gear 8 is connected to a spring or coil spring 7 at its end via a journal, so that the rotational movement of drive disk 6 is transmitted to gear 8 with spring 7 connected in the middle. According to this embodiment, when gear 8 moves clockwise, the rotation of gear 8 or about an axis common to drive disk 6 causes pusher 3 to move "to the left" in the axial direction A. For this purpose, pusher 3 has teeth 11 according to the invention, which extend in the longitudinal extension direction of pusher 3 according to this embodiment.

[0038] In other words, with the spring 7 connected in the middle, the clockwise movement of the drive disc 6, and therefore the clockwise movement of the gear 8, causes the pusher 3 to move in the axial direction A by meshing the gear 8 with the teeth 11 on the pusher 3. According to this embodiment, the pusher extends "to the left" relative to the housing 12 that receives the opening device. It can be seen that the gear 8 has a varying radius R for this purpose. Here, according to this embodiment, the radius R is increased when observed in the adjustment stroke or moving stroke of the pusher 3 that causes the gripping gap S. Correspondingly, the teeth 11 are inclined accordingly in the longitudinal extension direction of the pusher 3, so that, taking into account the increased radius R, the gear 8 can mesh with the teeth 11 as always and without defects using its outer teeth. Thus, according to this embodiment and without limitation, the electric drive devices 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 act on the pusher 3 with increased torque along the moving stroke of the pusher 3, as already described at the beginning. This is, of course, merely exemplary.

[0039] What is particularly significant for the present invention is that the pusher 3 not only has the aforementioned teeth 11 in its longitudinal extension direction, but is also designed to engage with the electric drive devices 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and specifically with the gears 8 that are components of the electric drive devices 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Furthermore, it is additionally provided with stop portions 13, 14, and 15 for the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10. The aforementioned stop portions 13, 14, and 15 may be located at the end and / or approximately the center of the pusher 3.

[0040] exist Figure 1As can be seen, the stop portion 14 in the middle and the stop portion 13 on the end side are both formed on the pusher 3. In fact, the pusher 3 can be, for example, a plastic injection molded part or a metal casting molded part. The gear 8 can also be constructed as a plastic injection molded part. The same applies to the drive disc 6 and the transmission mechanism 5, which is another component of the electric drive devices 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

[0041] According to Figure 2 In the modified scheme, only the end-side stop part 13 was implemented. Figure 3 variant schemes and Figure 1 and Figure 2 The difference in the embodiment is that, in this case, the stop 15 is disposed inside the at least partially hollow pusher 3. In fact, Figure 3 The variant is designed such that the pusher 3 is constructed as a two-piece unit, having a cylinder 3a that receives the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 and a piston 3b with a stop portion 15, as the two components 3a and 3b of the pusher 3.

[0042] The pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 themselves consist of a sleeve 9 that receives an ignitable chemical propellant charge and a punch 10. Once the chemical propellant charge inside the sleeve 9 is ignited, the expansion of the chemical propellant charge causes the punch 10 to extend, as in... Figure 3 As can be seen from this. Based on... Figure 3 In a variant, the protruding punch 10 then moves to abut against a stop 15 located inside the piston 3b, which in this embodiment is located on the end face of the piston 3b. As a result, the piston 3b extends (to the "left") relative to the fixed cylinder 3a. This leads to, according to... Figure 3 In the modified version, it is not necessary to make the spring 7 or the drive disc 6 into components of the electrically driven devices 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in the final result. This will be explained in detail later.

[0043] Finally, it can be exemplarily shown in Figure 2As can be seen, the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 additionally act on the pusher 3 with intermediate connecting rods 16a and 16b. According to this embodiment, rods 16a and 16b are double-arm rods, which are pivotally supported in the housing 12 about their central axis. Thus, during emergency operation and when the punch 10 of the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 extends, the extension movement of the punch 10 appears to be reversed. In this way, the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 and the pusher 3 can be arranged relative to each other in their respective longitudinal directions and housed inside the housing 12, such that the pyrotechnic actuators and the pusher at least partially overlap. Furthermore, because the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 engage with the teeth 11 of the pusher 3 via their gears 8, overlap also occurs at this location, resulting in a nested structure that achieves a compact size and miniaturized housing 12.

[0044] The function is as follows. During normal operation, a control unit (not shown) first ensures that a vehicle lock (not shown) is opened from the locked position of the vehicle door 1. This is typically done electrically. Therefore, the relevant vehicle door 1 is slightly opened relative to the vehicle body 2 by means of the reaction force generated by the previously compressed surrounding seal. Next, the relevant control unit activates the opening device, and specifically, activates the electrically driven actuators 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

[0045] In this embodiment, the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ensure that the gear 8 located on the output side of the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 engages with the teeth 11 in the longitudinal extension direction of the pusher 3 using the teeth on its outer peripheral side. As a result, the pusher 3 moves "to the left" in the axial direction A in this embodiment. This causes the pusher 3 to move against the vehicle body 2 or the B-pillar there. Because the opening device and the vehicle lock (not shown) are arranged inside the vehicle door 1, this causes the vehicle door 1, or the door leaf (simplified in the drawings), to transition from its position shown in solid lines to its position shown in dashed lines, taking into account the gripping clearance S. Now, the door leaf and thus the vehicle door can be gripped and fully opened by the operator during normal operation.

[0046] Conversely, in the event of an emergency and consequently the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 malfunction, for example, due to a collision, the electric drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 cannot (re)load. The aforementioned control unit then ensures that the described chemical propellant charge inside the pyrotechnic actuators 9, 10 is ignited. This causes the punch 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 9 to extend from the sleeve 9 that receives the punch. Therefore, if necessary, with the intermediate connecting rods 16a, 16b, the pyrotechnic actuators 9, 10 act on the stops 13, 14, 15 on the pusher 3.

[0047] In the event that a collision is indicated by a signal from an associated collision sensor, the collision condition is triggered by a control unit (not explicitly shown). The collision sensor may be an acceleration sensor installed in the vehicle body. Furthermore, the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 are only activated by the control unit if a vehicle lock (not shown) inside the vehicle door 1 has already been pre-opened. Even in this case, the control unit can detect the door opening via a signal from, for example, a sensor. This sensor may be a locking device associated with the vehicle lock and a sensor that detects the locking device being open. In other words, the control unit ensures the ignition of the chemical propellant inside the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10 only if a collision signal is present and the vehicle door 1 or the associated vehicle lock is opened.

[0048] This is based on Figure 1 and Figure 2 Within the scope of this embodiment, the pusher 3 moves "to the left" again and the vehicle door 1 opens with a gripping gap S formed. Therefore, the vehicle door 1 can be opened by the operator in the same manner during emergency operation as in normal operation.

[0049] Because the motor 4, the downstream transmission mechanism 5, and the drive disc 6 remain stationary during this process, the spring 7 located between the drive disc 6 and the gear 8 ensures that the pusher 3 performs the aforementioned movement by means of the pyrotechnic actuators 9 and 10. Because the spring 7 is tensioned or deflected during this process, it allows the pusher 3 to move in the axial direction A and allows the associated gear 8 to oscillate.

[0050] And according to Figure 3 In the variant implementation, the drive disc 6 and spring 7 are, in principle, optional, allowing the motor 4 to directly load the gear 8 if necessary, even with an intermediate transmission mechanism 5 connected. This can be attributed to the fact that, according to... Figure 3In a variant of the implementation scheme, during emergency operation, cylinder 3a, along with the pyrotechnic actuators 9, 10 or their sleeves 9 housed therein, remains stationary; conversely, only the punch 10 extends along with the piston 3b. This results in a cost-optimized solution with fewer components, as described at the beginning. Finally, it should be emphasized that the control unit, not shown in the embodiment and arranged, for example, inside the housing 12, is additionally equipped with its own power supply, energy storage unit, or power source. This ensures that the pyrotechnic actuators 9, 10 can be reliably operated and the opening movement of the vehicle door 1 can be guaranteed in the event of a collision. Here, the relevant housing 12—as already described—can be arranged not only inside the vehicle door 1 but also inside the vehicle body 2. In principle, a hybrid arrangement in both the vehicle door 1 and the vehicle body 2 is also feasible, but not preferred.

[0051] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0052] Motor vehicle door 1

[0053] Motor vehicle body 2

[0054] Pusher 3

[0055] Cylinder 3a

[0056] Piston 3b

[0057] Motor 4

[0058] Transmission mechanism 5

[0059] Drive disk 6

[0060] Spring 7

[0061] Gear 8

[0062] Sleeve 9

[0063] Drive units 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

[0064] Firework-type actuators 9 and 10

[0065] 10 punches

[0066] Tooth 11

[0067] Casing 12

[0068] Stop sections 13, 14, and 15

[0069] Members 16a and 16b

[0070] Axial direction A

[0071] Grip gap S

[0072] radius R

Claims

1. An opening device for a motor vehicle door (1), the opening device comprising a pusher (3), an electrically driven drive (4, 5, 6, 7, 8), and a pyrotechnic actuator (9, 10), wherein, The drive units (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) and the pyrotechnic actuators (9, 10) selectively act on the pusher (3). Its features are, The pusher (3) has a tooth (11) for engaging with an electric drive device (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) on one side, and at least one stop (13, 14, 15) for a pyrotechnic actuator (9, 10) on the other side.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooth (11) extends in the longitudinal extension direction of the pusher (3).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gear (8) of the drive unit (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) meshes into the tooth (11).

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gear (8) has a varying radius (R) and is optionally connected to a motor (4) which is an additional component of an electric drive unit (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) with a spring (7) in between.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radius (R) increases along the travel of the pusher (3).

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, At least one stop (13, 14, 15) is provided on the end side and / or approximately in the middle of the pusher (3).

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The at least one stop (13, 14, 15) is disposed inside the pusher (3) which has at least a partially hollow structure.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The pusher (3) is a two-piece structure, having a cylinder (3a) that receives the pyrotechnic actuators (9, 10) and a piston (3b) with a stop (15).

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The pyrotechnic actuators (9, 10) act on the pusher (3) with the rods (16a, 16b) connected in the middle.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The pyrotechnic actuators (9, 10) and the pusher (3) overlap at least partially (in the top view) in their respective longitudinal extension directions.

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