Antenna device and electronic device

Abstract

This disclosure provides an antenna device and electronic device, belonging to the field of communication technology. The antenna device includes a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element includes at least one first radiating structure, and the second antenna element includes at least one second radiating structure. The first and second radiating structures operate at different frequency bands. One of the first and second antenna elements further includes a first metamaterial structure, configured to transmit and / or reflect electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands under different electromagnetic characteristics. When the first antenna element includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the first radiating structure closest to the second radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves from the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves from the second radiating structure. When the second antenna element includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the second radiating structure closest to the first radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves from the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves from the second radiating structure. The first and second antenna elements are detachably connected by a connecting structure.

Description

Antenna devices and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an antenna device and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of mobile communication technology, the evolution from 2G to 5G has brought significant improvements in network performance, but it has also been accompanied by increased equipment complexity and space requirements. In particular, the deployment of 5G base stations, coexisting with 2G / 3G / 4G equipment on existing sites, has led to extremely limited rooftop space. To address this issue, the industry has proposed the 5G active + 4G passive fused antenna (A+P antenna) technology. This technology integrates a 5G Massive MIMO AAU and 2G / 3G / 4G passive antenna modules, enabling simplified 4G / 5G sites. The advantages of A+P antennas are: First, space saving: Through integrated design, A+P antennas significantly reduce the space required on rooftops, allowing multiple generations of mobile communication equipment to coexist in a limited space. Second, simplified deployment and maintenance: The integrated design means that equipment installation and maintenance become simpler and more efficient, thereby reducing operators' operation and maintenance costs. Third, improved network performance: With the help of Massive MIMO technology, A+P antennas can provide better network coverage and capacity, thus bringing users a better service experience.

[0003] The core idea of ​​A+P antenna technology is to structurally integrate 5G active antennas (Massive MIMO AAUs) with 2G / 3G / 4G passive antennas. This integration is not a simple physical combination, but requires solving electromagnetic compatibility and signal interference issues between different frequency bands and technologies to ensure the normal operation of each system.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna device and an electronic device.

[0006] This disclosure provides an antenna device comprising a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element includes at least one first radiating structure, and the second antenna element includes at least one second radiating structure. The first and second radiating structures operate at different frequency bands. One of the first and second antenna elements further includes a first metamaterial structure configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands under different electromagnetic properties, and / or to reflect electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands.

[0007] When the first antenna unit includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the first radiating structure close to the second radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves of the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves of the second radiating structure.

[0008] When the second antenna unit includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the second radiating structure close to the first radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves of the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves of the second radiating structure.

[0009] The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are detachably connected via a connection structure.

[0010] The first antenna unit further includes a first radome, and the first radiating structure is disposed inside the first radome; the second antenna unit further includes a second radome, and the second radiating structure is disposed inside the second radome.

[0011] The connection structure connects the first radome and the second radome.

[0012] Wherein, the first antenna unit includes a first metamaterial structure, and the first metamaterial structure is disposed inside the first antenna radome;

[0013] When the second antenna element includes a first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed inside the second antenna cover.

[0014] The first metamaterial structure includes periodically arranged metamaterial units;

[0015] The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed on the side of the first substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, a first resonant component disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the first electrode, and a second resonant component disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the second electrode; the orthographic projections of the first resonant component and the second resonant component on the first substrate coincide.

[0016] The first resonant component and the second resonant component adopt any of the following structures:

[0017] Nested open-ended resonant rings;

[0018] Nested open-ended resonant square ring;

[0019] It is composed of a first comb-shaped electrode and a second comb-shaped electrode, and the teeth of the first comb-shaped electrode and the teeth of the second comb-shaped electrode are alternately arranged;

[0020] It is composed of a first resonant part and a second resonant part. Both the first resonant part and the second resonant part include a straight line segment and an arc segment. The arc segment has an opening. The two ends of the arc segment of the first resonant part are connected to the first end of the straight line segment of the first resonant part. The two ends of the arc segment of the second resonant part are connected to the second end of the straight line segment of the second resonant part. The arc segment of the first resonant part and the arc segment of the second resonant part are located between the straight line segment of the first resonant part and the straight line segment of the second resonant part.

[0021] The first metamaterial structure includes periodically arranged metamaterial units;

[0022] The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed on the side of the first substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, a second electrode disposed on the side of the second substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, a first resonant component disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the first electrode, and a second resonant component disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the second electrode; the first resonant component and the second resonant component are symmetrically arranged with their orthographic projections on the first substrate rotated by 180°.

[0023] The first metamaterial structure includes periodically arranged metamaterial units;

[0024] The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate, a first resonant component and a second resonant component respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the first substrate along its thickness direction.

[0025] The first resonant component includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part arranged in a cross configuration, and a first through hole is provided at the intersection of the first conductive part and the second conductive part.

[0026] The second resonant component includes nested resonant rings and a resonant plate disposed in the opening of the resonant ring with the smallest opening size. The resonant plate has a second through hole, and the resonant plate is electrically connected to the first conductive part and the second conductive part through the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0027] The metamaterial unit also includes at least one switching component disposed on the first substrate and configured in the resonant ring.

[0028] The switching assembly includes a PIN switch or a MEMS switch.

[0029] The first substrate includes a glass substrate.

[0030] In this configuration, a portion of the first radiating structure is a first oscillator, and the other portion is a second oscillator, with the operating frequency of the first oscillator being higher than that of the second oscillator; or...

[0031] The second radiating structure consists of a first oscillator and a second oscillator, with the first oscillator operating at a higher frequency than the second oscillator.

[0032] Wherein, when part of the first radiating structure is a first oscillator and the other part is a second oscillator, the distance from the radiating layer of the first oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is a first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is a second distance, and the second distance is greater than the first distance;

[0033] When part of the second radiating structure is the first oscillator and the other part is the second oscillator, the distance from the radiating layer of the first oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is the first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is the second distance, which is less than the first distance.

[0034] Wherein, when part of the first radiating structure is a first oscillator and the other part is a second oscillator, a second metamaterial structure is provided on the side of the radiating layer of the first oscillator close to the radiating layer of the second oscillator; the second metamaterial structure transmits electromagnetic waves from the first oscillator and reflects electromagnetic waves from the second oscillator.

[0035] Specifically, for the second metamaterial structure and the corresponding radiating layer of the first oscillator, the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the plane of the radiating layer of the first oscillator covers the radiating layer.

[0036] The second metamaterial structure has the same structure as the first metamaterial structure.

[0037] The number of second antenna elements is multiple, and the multiple second antenna elements are connected to the first antenna element through independent connection structures.

[0038] The first metamaterial structure includes multiple electromagnetic control units, with one electromagnetic control unit corresponding to one second antenna unit and configured to transmit electromagnetic waves to the corresponding second antenna unit.

[0039] This disclosure provides an electronic device that includes any of the antenna devices described above. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another antenna device according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the first radiating structure / second radiating structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 4 is a front view of the radiation structure and the first substrate fixed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 5 is a top view of the first power supply structure and the second power supply structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first power supply structure / second power supply structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the first balun component according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 8 is a top view of one side of the first balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 9 is a top view of the other side of the first balun assembly according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the second balun component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 11 is a top view of one side of the second balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 12 is a top view of another side of the second balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 13 is a top view of the first substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Figure 14 is a top view of the radiation layer of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 15 is a top view of the radiating section according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0056] Figure 17 is a top view of the first resonant component / second resonant component of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 16.

[0057] Figure 18 is a perspective view of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 19 is a top view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18.

[0059] Figure 20 is a bottom view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18.

[0060] Figure 21 is a side view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18.

[0061] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a second example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0062] Figure 23 is a perspective view of the first metamaterial structure used in a second example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0063] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a third example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0064] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a fourth example of an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0065] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0067] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0068] Before describing the antenna device according to the embodiments of this disclosure, a metamaterial structure will be described. A metamaterial structure is an artificial composite structure or composite medium with extraordinary physical properties not found in natural media. It is typically a periodic or aperiodic structure composed of deep subwavelength unit structures. Electromagnetic metamaterial structures have two characteristics: 1) they are artificial composite materials, whose properties depend primarily on the key physical dimensions of the designed structure, rather than the properties of the constituent materials themselves; 2) the material properties can simulate physical properties not found in natural materials. Therefore, desired material properties can be obtained by artificially modifying the structure, providing great freedom for metamaterial structure design. Electromagnetic metamaterial structures can change the amplitude, phase, polarization, propagation direction, and orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic waves by artificially designing the dielectric constant ε and permeability μ. Currently, three-dimensional metamaterials are developing towards thinner, lighter, and lower-loss two-dimensional metasurfaces, while fixed-structure metamaterials are developing towards programmable, intelligent, and reconfigurable metamaterial structures.

[0069] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in Figures 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna device, which includes a first antenna element 10 and a second antenna element 20, and a connection structure 30 connecting the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20; wherein, the operating frequency band of the first antenna element 10 is different from the operating frequency band of the second antenna element 20. Specifically, the first antenna element 10 includes at least one first radiating structure 101, and the second antenna element 20 includes at least one second radiating structure 201.

[0070] In this embodiment, one of the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 further includes a first metamaterial structure 100. The first metamaterial structure 100 is configured to transmit and / or reflect electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands under different electromagnetic characteristics. The first metamaterial structure 100 is configured to reflect electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiating structure 101 and transmit electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating structure 201. Specifically, when the first antenna unit includes the first metamaterial structure 100, the first metamaterial structure 100 is disposed on the side of the first radiating structure 101 closer to the second radiating structure 201; when the second antenna unit 20 includes the first metamaterial structure 100, the first metamaterial structure 100 is disposed on the side of the second radiating structure 201 closer to the first radiating structure 101.

[0071] Based on the structure of the antenna device in this embodiment, when the first antenna unit 10 includes a first metamaterial structure 100 and the first metamaterial structure 100 is disposed on the side of the first radiating structure 101 close to the second radiating structure 201, since the first metamaterial structure 100 can transmit electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands under different electromagnetic properties, and the second antenna unit 20 and the first antenna unit 10 are detachably connected through the connecting structure 30, the second antenna unit 20 can be replaced as needed, and the replaced second antenna unit 20 can be reconnected to the first antenna unit 10 through the connecting structure 30. Similarly, when the second antenna unit 20 includes a first metamaterial structure 100, and the first metamaterial structure 100 is disposed on the side of the second radiating structure 201 close to the first radiating structure 101, the first metamaterial structure 100 can reflect electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands under different electromagnetic properties. Furthermore, the second antenna unit 20 and the first antenna unit 10 are detachably connected via the connecting structure 30. Therefore, the first antenna unit 10 can be replaced as needed, and the replaced first antenna unit 10 can be reconnected to the second antenna unit 20 via the connecting structure 30. In summary, in the antenna device of this embodiment, since the first metamaterial structure 100 is integrated into the first antenna unit 10 or the second antenna unit 20, it is not necessary to replace the first metamaterial structure 100 when replacing an antenna unit without the first metamaterial structure 100. This results in strong structural reusability. Moreover, the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 are detachably connected via the connecting structure 30, simplifying replacement and installation.

[0072] It should be noted that, since the first metamaterial structure 100 can reflect the electromagnetic waves of the first frequency band radiated by the first antenna element 10, it is preferable to integrate the first metamaterial structure 100 into the first antenna element 10, that is, to place it on the side of the first radiating structure 101 close to the second radiating structure 201. In this embodiment, for ease of description, the following description only takes the integration of the first metamaterial structure 100 into the first antenna element 10 as an example.

[0073] In some examples, continuing to refer to Figures 1 and 2, the first antenna element 10 includes not only the structure described above, but also a first radome 102, with the first radiating structure 101 disposed within the first radome 102. The second antenna structure also includes not only the structure described above, but also a second radome 202, with the second radiating structure 201 disposed within the second radome 202. A connecting structure 30 connects the first radome 102 and the second radome 202. For example, the connecting structure 30 includes a first connecting component and a second connecting component, which are detachably connected on the first radome 102. Further, one of the first and second connecting components can be a slide rail, and the other can be a groove adapted to the slide rail.

[0074] In some examples, one of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 is a 5G active antenna and the other is a 4G passive antenna. Detailed explanations are provided in the following examples.

[0075] In some examples, the first antenna element 10 includes not only the first radiating structure 101, but also a feeding structure for feeding the first radiating structure 101; similarly, the second antenna element 20 includes not only the second radiating structure 201, but also a feeding structure for feeding the second radiating structure 201. In this embodiment, only two feeding structures are used in both the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20, referred to as the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure, respectively.

[0076] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG3 is an exploded view of the first radiating structure 101 / second radiating structure 201 of the present disclosure; FIG4 is a front view of the radiating structure fixed to the first substrate 1 of the present disclosure; FIG5 is a top view of the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG3-5, both the first radiating structure 101 of the first antenna unit 10 and the second radiating structure 201 of the second antenna unit 20 may include a first balun assembly 21 and a second balun assembly 22 disposed on the first substrate 11 and arranged in a cross manner, as well as a radiating layer 23. The radiating layer 23 includes four radiating parts, namely a first radiating part 232a, a second radiating part 232b, a third radiating part 232c and a fourth radiating part 232d. The first feeding structure 3 feeds the first radiating part 232a and the second radiating part 232b through the first balun assembly 21, and the second feeding structure 4 feeds the third radiating part 232c and the fourth radiating part 232d through the second balun assembly 22. The feeding directions of the first feeding structure 3 and the second feeding structure 4 are different. For example, the first feeding structure 3 and the second feeding structure 4 can provide feeding for the ±45° polarization of the radiating layer 23.

[0077] Specifically, the first balun assembly 21 of this embodiment includes a first fixing plate 211, a first balun feed line 212 disposed on the first fixing plate 211, and a first reference electrode 213 disposed on the side of the first fixing plate 211 opposite to the first balun feed line 212. The second balun assembly 22 includes a second fixing plate 221, a second balun feed line 222 disposed on the second fixing plate 221, and a second reference electrode 223 disposed on the side of the second fixing plate 221 opposite to the second balun feed line 222. The first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 are intersecting, and the planes of both the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 form an angle with the plane of the first substrate 11. For example, the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 are orthogonal, and the plane of the first fixing plate 211 is perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 11, and the plane of the second fixing plate 221 is perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 11.

[0078] The first power supply structure 3 of this disclosure includes a first power divider and a third reference electrode, and the second power supply structure 4 includes a second power divider and a fourth reference electrode. The first power supply structure 3 and the second power supply structure 4 can be integrated on a single dielectric substrate. For example, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first / second power supply structure of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the first and second power dividers of the first power supply structure 3 are disposed on a second substrate 5, and the third reference electrode of the first power supply structure 3 and the fourth reference electrode of the second power supply structure 4 are disposed on the surface of the second substrate 5 facing away from the first power divider. In this case, the third and fourth reference electrodes can be connected as a single structure.

[0079] Of course, the first feeding structure 3 and the second feeding structure 4 can also be integrated on the first substrate 11. The first dielectric substrate 1 is a reflective plate, specifically including a first substrate and a reflective layer disposed on the first substrate. The reflective layer can be disposed on the side of the first substrate opposite to the radiating layer 23. In this case, the reflective layer can be used as the third reference electrode of the first feeding structure 3 and the fourth reference electrode of the second feeding structure 4. Further, the first reference electrode 213 of the first balun assembly 21 can be connected to the planar reference electrode through a first via 11 that penetrates at least through the first substrate 11, and the second reference electrode 223 of the second balun assembly 22 can be connected to the planar reference electrode through a second via 12 that penetrates at least through the first substrate 11.

[0080] The first power divider in the first feed structure 3 and the second power divider in the second feed structure 4 each include a second feed port 312 and multiple first feed ports 311. The first feed ports 311 of the first power divider are connected one-to-one with the first balun feed lines 212 of the first balun assembly 21, and the first feed ports 411 of the second power divider are connected one-to-one with the second balun feed lines 222 of the second balun assembly 22. The first reference electrode 213 of the first balun assembly 21 is connected to the first radiating section 232a and the second radiating section 232b; the second reference electrode 223 of the second balun assembly 22 is connected to the third radiating section 232c and the fourth radiating section 232d. In this case, the first power divider of the first power distribution structure 3 feeds the first balun feed line 212 through its first power divider, and the second power divider of the second power distribution structure 4 feeds the second balun feed line 222 through its first power divider. Then, the radiating layer 23 is excited to radiate the signal through the first balun feed line 212 and the second balun feed line 222. This structure can effectively improve the radiation efficiency, and the antenna has a high gain.

[0081] Furthermore, the planes containing the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 have a certain included angle, for example, the included angle is 90°, that is, the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 are orthogonally arranged. The planes containing the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 also have a certain included angle relative to the plane containing the first substrate 11, for example, the plane containing the first fixing plate 211 is perpendicular to the plane containing the first substrate 11, and correspondingly, the plane containing the second fixing plate 221 is also perpendicular to the plane containing the first substrate 11. In this embodiment, only the example of the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 being orthogonally arranged, and both of their planes being perpendicular to the plane containing the first substrate 11, is used.

[0082] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the first balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 is a top view of one side of the first balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 9 is a top view of the other side of the first balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the second balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 11 is a top view of one side of the second balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 12 is a top view of the other side of the second balun assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Referring to Figures 7-12, the first fixing plate 211 has a first opening extending along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11, and the second fixing plate 221 has a second opening extending along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11. The first fixing plate 211 is fixed to the second fixing plate 221 through the first opening, and the second fixing plate 221 is fixed to the first fixing plate 211 through the second opening, so that the two are orthogonally arranged. Since the first fixing plate 211 and the second fixing plate 221 are orthogonal, the second fixing plate 221 divides the first fixing plate 211 into a first sub-plate 2111 and a second sub-plate 2112, and the first fixing plate 211 divides the second fixing plate 221 into a third sub-plate 2211 and a fourth sub-plate 2212. The portion of the first reference electrode 213 located on the first sub-plate 2111 is called the first sub-reference electrode 2131, and the portion of the first reference electrode 213 located on the second sub-plate 2112 is called the second sub-reference electrode 2132; the portion of the second reference electrode 223 located on the third sub-plate 2211 is called the third reference electrode 2231, and the portion of the second reference electrode 223 located on the fourth sub-plate 2212 is called the fourth reference electrode 2232.

[0083] Since the first balun assembly 21 and the second balun assembly 22 are fixed to the first substrate 11 and the radiating layer 23 at their respective ends, a first connecting portion 214 and a second connecting portion 215 can be respectively provided at both ends of the first sub-plate 2111 along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11, a third connecting portion 216 and a fourth connecting portion 217 can be respectively provided at both ends of the second sub-plate 2112 along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11, and a fifth connecting portion 224 and a sixth connecting portion 215 can be respectively provided at both ends of the third sub-plate 2211 along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11. 25. A seventh connecting portion 226 and an eighth connecting portion 227 are respectively provided at both ends of the fourth sub-board 2212 along the thickness direction of the first substrate 11. Correspondingly, four vias corresponding to the first connecting portion 214, the third connecting portion 216, the fifth connecting portion 224, and the seventh connecting portion 226 can be provided on the first substrate 11. The first connecting portion 214, the third connecting portion 216, the fifth connecting portion 224, and the seventh connecting portion 226 are respectively fixed to the first substrate 11 through the four corresponding vias provided on the first substrate 11. Similarly, four vias corresponding to the second connecting portion 215, the fourth connecting portion 217, the sixth connecting portion 225, and the eighth connecting portion 227 can be provided on the radiating layer 23. The second connecting portion 215, the fourth connecting portion 217, the sixth connecting portion 225, and the eighth connecting portion 227 are respectively fixed to the radiating layer 23 through the four corresponding vias provided on the radiating layer 23.

[0084] Furthermore, FIG13 is a top view of the first substrate 11 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG13, when a planar reference electrode is provided on the surface of the first substrate 11 opposite to the radiation layer 23, the first reference electrode 213 and the second reference electrode 223 can be connected to the planar reference electrode through the first via 11 and the second via 12 penetrating the first substrate 11. That is, the four vias of the first substrate 11 include two first vias 11 and two second vias 12, wherein the two first vias 11 are respectively provided corresponding to the first connecting portion 214 and the third connecting portion 216, and the two second vias 12 are respectively provided corresponding to the fifth connecting portion 224 and the seventh connecting portion 226.

[0085] In some examples, FIG14 is a top view of the radiating layer 23 of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG14, the radiating layer 23 includes a third fixing plate 231 and four radiating portions disposed on the side of the third fixing plate 231 opposite to the first substrate 11, namely a first radiating portion 232a, a second radiating portion 232b, a third radiating portion 232c, and a fourth radiating portion 232d. The first radiating portion 232a, the second radiating portion 232b, the third radiating portion 232c, and the fourth radiating portion 232d can be arranged in an array. Among them, the first radiating portion 232a is electrically connected to the first sub-reference electrode 2131, the second radiating portion 232b is electrically connected to the second sub-reference electrode 2132, the third radiating portion 232c is electrically connected to the third sub-reference electrode 2231, and the fourth radiating portion 232d is electrically connected to the fourth sub-reference electrode 2232.

[0086] In this case, the four vias on the radiating layer 23 are a third via 233 penetrating the third fixing plate 231 and the first radiating part 232a, a fourth via 234 penetrating the third fixing plate 231 and the second radiating part 232b, a fifth via 235 penetrating the third fixing plate 231 and the third radiating part 232c, and a sixth via 236 penetrating the third fixing plate 231 and the fourth radiating part 232d. At this time, the first sub-reference electrode 2131 is connected to the first radiating part 232a through the third via 233, and the two can be connected by welding. Similarly, the second sub-reference electrode 2132 is connected to the second radiating part 232b through the fourth via 234, and the two can be connected by welding. The third sub-reference electrode 2231 is connected to the third radiating part 232c through the fifth via 235, and the two can be connected by welding. The fourth sub-reference electrode 2232 is connected to the fourth radiating part 232d through the sixth via 236, and the two can be connected by welding.

[0087] In some examples, the first radiating part 232a, the second radiating part 232b, the third radiating part 232c, and the fourth radiating part 232d are joined together to form a radiating surface. The first radiating part 232a, the second radiating part 232b, the third radiating part 232c, and the fourth radiating part 232d include, but are not limited to, polygons (e.g., squares, rectangles, hexagons), circles, etc.

[0088] In one example, FIG15 is a top view of the radiating portion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG15, each radiating portion is a polygon, which may include a first side S1 and a second side S2 arranged opposite to each other, a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 arranged opposite to each other, the second side S2 and the third side S3 being connected, the first side S1 and the third side S3 being connected by a first connecting edge S5, and the second side S2 and the fourth side S4 being connected by a second connecting edge S6. The included angle formed by the connection of the second side S2 and the third side S3 of the four radiating portions of the radiation layer 23 is 90°, and they are arranged clockwise. The first connecting edge S5 and the second connecting edge S6 can both be straight edges or curved edges. When the first connecting edge S5 and the second connecting edge S6 are straight edges, the included angles formed by the first side S1 and the third side S3 with the first connecting edge S5 are both obtuse angles, and the included angles formed by the second side S2 and the fourth side S4 with the second connecting edge S6 are both obtuse angles. This method can extend the current path and reduce insertion loss.

[0089] In some examples, the first metamaterial structure 100 in this disclosure embodiment can be a tunable metamaterial structure based on a tunable dielectric layer 1003, or it can be a tunable metamaterial structure based on TFT (Thin Film Transistor) technology. The first metamaterial structure 100 will be specifically described below for both of these structures.

[0090] In the first scenario, Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, the first metamaterial structure 100 is a tunable metamaterial structure based on a tunable dielectric layer 1003, wherein the tunable dielectric layer 1003 is a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal material. By integrating the liquid crystal material into the first metamaterial structure 100, and combining the tunability of the liquid crystal material with the unique physical properties of the metamaterial, dynamic control of electromagnetic waves is achieved. Specifically, the first metamaterial structure 100 includes periodically arranged metamaterial units. Each metamaterial unit includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 1002 disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 1002, a first electrode 1004 disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 near the liquid crystal layer, a second electrode 1005 disposed on the second substrate 1002 near the liquid crystal layer, and a first resonant component 1006 and a second resonant component 1007 disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 opposite to the first electrode 1004, wherein the orthographic projections of the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 on the first substrate 1 coincide. In this case, the metamaterial unit can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole, and its frequency response characteristics are mainly controlled by two factors: the dimensions of the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007, and the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer. With the dimensions of the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 fixed, by applying a corresponding bias voltage to the first electrode 1004 and the second electrode 1005, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are deflected, thus adjusting the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer and altering the electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial unit. Consequently, the periodically arranged metamaterial units form specific electromagnetic response characteristics.

[0091] In some examples, Figure 17 is a top view of the first resonant component 1006 / second resonant component 1007 of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 16; as shown in Figure 17, the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 can be selected from any of the following structures, including but not limited to: (1) a nested open resonant ring; (2) a nested open resonant square ring; (3) composed of a first comb electrode and a second comb electrode, and the teeth of the first comb electrode and the teeth of the second comb electrode are alternately arranged; for example: formed by two “E”-shaped structures; (4) composed of a first resonant part and a second resonant part, both of which include a straight segment and an arc segment, the arc segment having an opening, the two ends of the arc segment of the first resonant part being connected to the first end of the straight segment of the first resonant part, and the two ends of the arc segment of the second resonant part being connected to the second end of the straight segment of the second resonant part; and the arc segment of the first resonant part and the arc segment of the second resonant part are located between the straight segment of the first resonant part and the straight segment of the second resonant part; for example: formed by two “P”-shaped structures.

[0092] In addition, in the first metamaterial structure 100, the first substrate 1 of each metamaterial unit is an integrally formed structure, and the second substrate 1002 is an integrally formed structure. In this way, the first electrode 1004, the second electrode 1005, the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 of each metamaterial structure can be formed in a single patterning process, making the fabrication process of the first metamaterial structure 100 simple and easy to implement.

[0093] The second scenario: The first metamaterial structure 100 also includes periodically arranged metamaterial units; by embedding switching components 1010, such as PIN diodes, in the metamaterial units, the electromagnetic characteristics of the metamaterial units are reconstructed by controlling the switching on and off of the PIN diodes. In related technologies, traditional silicon-based switch mounting and PCB soldering processes are commonly used. However, single silicon substrates suffer from high losses, and large-area soldering increases parasitic losses. Furthermore, large-scale array applications face challenges in discrete device integration and hardware consistency, with hardware costs increasing significantly with the number of components. A TFT is a special type of field-effect transistor, characterized by the use of thin-layer technology to deposit semiconductor and other materials on a substrate to form the transistor. Compared to traditional transistors, TFTs have smaller size, lower power consumption, and higher switching frequencies. Glass substrates offer comprehensive advantages such as superior process technology, high performance, high integration, and low cost, with these advantages becoming more pronounced at higher frequencies. This makes it an effective technological direction for improving the performance and integration of large-scale antenna arrays and reducing antenna costs. Using a glass substrate as the first substrate 1, PIN diodes are fabricated on the glass substrate using TFT technology, and periodic resonant components are directly fabricated on the glass. This avoids the existing silicon-based PIN diode and PCB soldering process, resulting in higher integration.

[0094] Specifically, Figure 18 is a perspective view of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 19 is a top view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18; Figure 20 is a bottom view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18; Figure 21 is a side view of the metamaterial unit shown in Figure 18; as shown in Figures 18-21, the metamaterial unit includes a first substrate 1, and a first resonant component 1006 and a second resonant component 1007 respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the first substrate 1 along its thickness direction; the first resonant component 1006 includes a first conductive portion 1008a and a second conductive portion 1008b disposed crosswise. 08b; The second resonant component 1007 includes a nested resonant ring 1009a and a resonant plate 1009b disposed within the opening of the resonant ring 1009a with the smallest opening size. The resonant plate 1009b is electrically connected to the intersection of the first conductive part 1008a and the second conductive part 1008b through a conductive via 1011 penetrating the first substrate 1. The metamaterial unit also includes at least one switching component 1010 disposed on the first substrate and arranged in the resonant ring 1009a. The switching component 1010 is selected as a PIN diode, or alternatively, a MEMS switch. By controlling the selection of different switching components 1010, the metamaterial unit can achieve different electromagnetic properties, thereby enabling the periodically arranged metamaterial units to form specific electromagnetic response characteristics.

[0095] Furthermore, two PIN diodes are disposed on the resonant ring 1009a, and the two PIN diodes can be arranged symmetrically. Of course, the number and position of the PIN diodes can be designed according to specific product requirements.

[0096] In some examples, in the antenna device, a portion of the first radiating structure 101 in the first antenna element 10 is a first oscillator, and another portion is a second oscillator. Specifically, the part of the first radiating structure 101 with the higher operating frequency is called the first oscillator, or high-frequency oscillator, and the other part is called the second oscillator, or low-frequency oscillator. Of course, in the antenna device, a portion of the first radiating structure 101 in the second antenna element 20 can also be a first oscillator, and another portion can be a second oscillator.

[0097] Furthermore, when the first antenna element 10 includes a first element and a second element, the distance from the radiating layer of the first element to the first metamaterial structure 100 is a first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second element to the first metamaterial structure 100 is a second distance. The second distance is greater than the first distance. This is because the first element operates at a higher frequency than the second element, and this arrangement prevents low-frequency signals from being blocked by high-frequency signals. Similarly, when the second antenna element 20 includes a first element and a second element, the distance from the radiating layer of the first element to the first metamaterial structure 100 is the first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second element to the first metamaterial structure 100 is the second distance. The second distance is less than the first distance, and this arrangement is also to prevent low-frequency signals from being blocked by high-frequency signals.

[0098] To better illustrate the specific structure of the antenna device in the embodiments of this disclosure, the antenna device in the embodiments of this disclosure will be described below with reference to specific examples.

[0099] Example 1: As shown in Figure 1, the antenna device includes a first antenna element 10 and a second antenna element 20. The first antenna element 10 is a 4G Passive antenna, and the second antenna element 20 is a 5G Active antenna. The first antenna element 10 includes multiple first radiating structures 101, a first radome 102, and a first metamaterial structure 100. The multiple first radiating structures 101 and the first metamaterial structure 100 are disposed within the first radome 102, with the first metamaterial structure 100 positioned on the side of the first radiating structure 101 closest to the second antenna element 20. The second antenna element 20 includes multiple second radiating structures 201 and a second radome 202, with the multiple second radiating structures 201 disposed within the second radome 202. The first radome 102 and the second radome 202 are detachably connected via a connecting structure 30.

[0100] In this example, the first metamaterial structure 100 is configured to reflect electromagnetic waves from the first radiating structure 101 and transmit electromagnetic waves from the second radiating structure 201. The first metamaterial structure 100 can be any of the aforementioned metamaterial structures. For example, by adjusting the electromagnetic properties of the first metamaterial structure 100, it can be tuned to different frequency bands, such as 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 4.9 GHz. Therefore, when the second antenna unit 20 is arranged in different operating frequency bands according to usage requirements, the second antenna unit 20 can be replaced. The updated second antenna unit 20 is connected to the first antenna unit 10 via the connecting structure 30. Then, by adjusting the electromagnetic properties of the first metamaterial structure 100, it can be made to transmit electromagnetic waves from the second radiating structure 201 of the updated second antenna unit 20.

[0101] The second example: Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a second example of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 22, the antenna device in this example has a structure that is largely the same as that in the first example, except that in this example, the first radiating structure 101 of the first antenna element 10 is partly a first oscillator 1011 and partly a second oscillator 1012. The first oscillator 1011 and the second oscillator 1012 operate in different frequency bands. The operating frequency band of the first oscillator 1011 is referred to as the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the second oscillator 1012 is referred to as the third frequency band, and the operating frequency band of the second radiating structure 201 is referred to as the second frequency band. In this example, the first metamaterial structure 100 needs to be adjusted so that the first metamaterial structure 100 can reflect electromagnetic waves in both the first and third frequency bands and transmit electromagnetic waves in the operating frequency band of the second radiating structure 201, i.e., the second frequency band.

[0102] For the antenna device in this example, when the second antenna unit 20 is arranged to different operating frequency bands according to usage requirements, the second antenna unit 20 can be replaced. The updated second antenna unit 20 and the first antenna unit 10 are connected through the connection structure 30. Then, by adjusting the electromagnetic characteristics of the first metamaterial structure 100, the first metamaterial structure 100 can transmit electromagnetic waves from the second radiation structure 201 of the updated second antenna unit 20. The first metamaterial structure 100 needs to be replaced.

[0103] In some examples, Figure 23 is a perspective view of the first metamaterial structure 100 used in a second example of the embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 23, the first metamaterial structure 100 in this example can reflect electromagnetic waves in two frequency bands. When the first metamaterial structure 100 adopts the above-mentioned liquid crystal-based metamaterial structure, the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 in the periodically arranged metamaterial units are symmetrically arranged with their orthogonal projections rotated 180° on the first substrate 1. Specifically, the first resonant component 1006 and the second resonant component 1007 can be a structure formed by rotating an "E"-shaped structure 180° to each other and then connecting them. If the horizontal branch in the middle of the two connected "E"-shaped structures is removed, this structure becomes "S"-shaped. The "S" shape is changed into two connected "E"-shaped structures. A current loop structure with a different area can be added to the horizontal branch in the middle of the two connected "E"-shaped structures, which will generate a new resonant point, thus forming a metamaterial with electromagnetic wave reflection characteristics in two frequency bands.

[0104] The third example: Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a third example of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 24, the first antenna element 10 in this example can be either the first antenna element 10 from the first example or the first antenna element 10 from the second example. Figure 24 only uses the example of the first antenna element 10 from the second example. Unlike the above two examples, there are multiple second antenna elements 20 in this example, and the multiple second antenna elements 20 are respectively connected to the first antenna element 10 through independent connection structures 30. Figure 24 only uses two second antenna elements 20 as an example, and for ease of description, this example also only uses two second antenna elements 20 as an example.

[0105] In this example, the two second antenna units 20 can operate at the same or different frequencies. When the two second antenna units 20 operate at the same frequency, the first metamaterial structure 100 is the same as in the second example. When the two second antenna units 20 operate at different frequencies, the first metamaterial structure 100 is divided into two independent electromagnetic control units, with one electromagnetic control unit corresponding to one second antenna unit 20. By controlling the two electromagnetic control units of the first metamaterial structure 100, the electromagnetic waves of the second radiation structure 201 in their respective second antenna units 20 exhibit transmission characteristics.

[0106] The performance and operating principle of other structures of the antenna device in this example are the same as those in the first and second examples, so they will not be described again here.

[0107] Fourth Example: Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a fourth example of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 25, this example is structurally similar to the third example, except that a second metamaterial structure 200 is provided on the side of the radiating layer of the first oscillator 1011 of the first antenna unit 10 near the radiating layer of the second oscillator 1012. The second metamaterial structure 200 transmits electromagnetic waves from the first oscillator 1011 and reflects electromagnetic waves emitted by the second oscillator 1012. The second metamaterial structure 200 can be the same structure as the first metamaterial structure 100, so the structure of the second metamaterial structure 200 will not be described in detail.

[0108] In this example, since the first antenna element 10 includes two first oscillators 1011 and second oscillators 1012 with different operating frequency bands, in order to avoid the first oscillators 1011 and second oscillators 1012 being too close together and generating mutual electromagnetic wave interference, a second metamaterial structure 200 is added. This structure has transmission characteristics for the electromagnetic waves of the first oscillator 1011 and reflection characteristics for the electromagnetic waves of the second oscillator 1012, thereby suppressing the energy radiated by the second oscillator 1012 to the first oscillator 1011 below, and thus suppressing the electromagnetic interference of the energy radiated by the second oscillator 1012 to the first oscillator 1011.

[0109] In some examples, for the second metamaterial structure 200 and the corresponding first oscillator 1011, the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure 200 onto the plane of the radiating layer of the first oscillator 1011 covers the radiating layer of the first oscillator 1011, thereby suppressing the electromagnetic interference of the energy radiated by the second oscillator 1012 to the first oscillator 1011 as much as possible.

[0110] The performance and operating principles of the other structures of the antenna device in this example are the same as in the second example, so they will not be repeated here.

[0111] Fifth Example: Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to a fifth example of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 26, this example differs from the four examples mentioned above. In this example, the first antenna element 10 is a 5G Active antenna, and the second antenna element 20 is a 4G Passive antenna. Part of the second radiating structure 201 of the second antenna element 20 is a first vibrator 1011, and the other part is a second vibrator 1012. The operating frequency band of the first vibrator 1011 is referred to as the first frequency band, the operating frequency band of the second vibrator 1012 is referred to as the third frequency band, and the operating frequency band of the first radiating structure 101 is referred to as the second frequency band. In this example, the first metamaterial structure 100 needs to be adjusted so that it can transmit electromagnetic waves in both the first and third frequency bands, and reflect electromagnetic waves in the operating frequency band of the second radiating structure 201, i.e., the second frequency band.

[0112] For the antenna device in this example, when the second antenna unit 20 is arranged to different operating frequency bands according to usage requirements, the second antenna unit 20 can be replaced. The updated second antenna unit 20 and the first antenna unit 10 are connected through the connection structure 30. Then, by adjusting the electromagnetic characteristics of the first metamaterial structure 100, the first metamaterial structure 100 can transmit electromagnetic waves from the second radiation structure 201 of the updated second antenna unit 20. The first metamaterial structure 100 needs to be replaced.

[0113] The first metamaterial structure 100 in this example can be the same structure as in the above examples, so it will not be described again here.

[0114] The above are just a few exemplary antenna devices. It should be understood that any variations based on the above examples are within the protection scope of this embodiment.

[0115] This disclosure provides an electronic device that may include the antenna device described above.

[0116] The antenna device provided in this disclosure also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the antenna system can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G signals, and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the antenna system processes it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transmitting unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0117] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals and transmits them to the receiving end.

[0118] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. The filtering unit combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits them to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out clutter from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The received signal is then processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which in turn transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0119] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0120] In some examples, the antenna device provided in this disclosure embodiment further includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying the signal.

[0121] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna device comprising a first antenna element and a second antenna element, the first antenna element comprising at least one first radiating structure, and the second antenna element comprising at least one second radiating structure; wherein the first radiating structure and the second radiating structure operate in different frequency bands, wherein... One of the first antenna element and the second antenna element further includes a first metamaterial structure, configured to transmit electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands under different electromagnetic properties, and / or to reflect electromagnetic waves of different operating frequency bands; wherein... When the first antenna unit includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the first radiating structure close to the second radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves of the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves of the second radiating structure. When the second antenna unit includes the first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed on the side of the second radiating structure close to the first radiating structure, for reflecting electromagnetic waves of the first radiating structure and transmitting electromagnetic waves of the second radiating structure. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are detachably connected via a connection structure.

2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first antenna unit further includes a first radome, and the first radiating structure is disposed inside the first radome; the second antenna unit further includes a second radome, and the second radiating structure is disposed inside the second radome. The connection structure connects the first radome and the second radome.

3. The antenna device according to claim 2, wherein, When the first antenna element includes a first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed inside the first antenna radome; When the second antenna element includes a first metamaterial structure, the first metamaterial structure is disposed inside the second antenna cover.

4. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first metamaterial structure comprises periodically arranged metamaterial units; The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, and a second electrode disposed on the second substrate on the side of the second substrate near the tunable dielectric layer. An electrode, a first resonant component disposed on the side of the first substrate opposite to the first electrode, and a second resonant component disposed on the side of the second substrate opposite to the second electrode; the orthographic projections of the first resonant component and the second resonant component on the first substrate coincide.

5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein, The first resonant component and the second resonant component adopt any of the following structures: Nested open-ended resonant rings; Nested open-ended resonant square ring; It is composed of a first comb-shaped electrode and a second comb-shaped electrode, and the teeth of the first comb-shaped electrode and the teeth of the second comb-shaped electrode are alternately arranged; It is composed of a first resonant part and a second resonant part. Both the first resonant part and the second resonant part include a straight line segment and an arc segment. The arc segment has an opening. The two ends of the arc segment of the first resonant part are connected to the first end of the straight line segment of the first resonant part. The two ends of the arc segment of the second resonant part are connected to the second end of the straight line segment of the second resonant part. The arc segment of the first resonant part and the arc segment of the second resonant part are located between the straight line segment of the first resonant part and the straight line segment of the second resonant part.

6. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first metamaterial structure comprises periodically arranged metamaterial units; The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, a tunable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first substrate near the tunable dielectric layer, a second electrode disposed on the second substrate on the side of the tunable dielectric layer, a first resonant component disposed on the first substrate away from the first electrode, and a second resonant component disposed on the second substrate away from the second electrode; the first resonant component and the second resonant component are symmetrically arranged with their orthographic projections on the first substrate rotated by 180°.

7. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first metamaterial structure comprises periodically arranged metamaterial units; The metamaterial unit includes a first substrate, a first resonant component and a second resonant component respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the first substrate along its thickness direction. The first resonant component includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part arranged in a cross configuration; The second resonant component includes nested resonant rings and a resonant plate disposed in the opening of the resonant ring with the smallest opening size. The resonant plate is electrically connected to the intersection of the first conductive part and the second conductive part through a conductive through-hole penetrating the first substrate. The metamaterial unit also includes at least one switching component disposed on the first substrate and configured in the resonant ring.

8. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein, The switching assembly includes a PIN switch or a MEMS switch.

9. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein, The first substrate includes a glass substrate.

10. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The first radiating structure comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, with the first oscillator operating at a higher frequency than the second oscillator; or, The second radiating structure consists of a first oscillator and a second oscillator, with the first oscillator operating at a higher frequency than the second oscillator.

11. The antenna device according to claim 10, wherein, When part of the first radiating structure is a first oscillator and the other part is a second oscillator, the distance from the radiating layer of the first oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is a first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is a second distance, and the second distance is greater than the first distance; When part of the second radiating structure is the first oscillator and the other part is the second oscillator, the distance from the radiating layer of the first oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is the first distance, and the distance from the radiating layer of the second oscillator to the first metamaterial structure is the second distance, which is less than the first distance.

12. The antenna device according to claim 11, wherein, When one part of the first radiating structure is a first oscillator and the other part is a second oscillator, a second metamaterial structure is provided on the side of the radiating layer of the first oscillator close to the radiating layer of the second oscillator; the second metamaterial structure transmits electromagnetic waves from the first oscillator and reflects electromagnetic waves from the second oscillator.

13. The antenna device according to claim 12, wherein, For the second metamaterial structure and the corresponding radiating layer of the first oscillator, the orthographic projection of the second metamaterial structure onto the plane of the radiating layer of the first oscillator covers the radiating layer.

14. The antenna device according to claim 12, wherein, The second metamaterial structure has the same structure as the first metamaterial structure.

15. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, The number of second antenna elements is multiple, and the multiple second antenna elements are connected to the first antenna element through independent connection structures.

16. The antenna device according to claim 15, wherein, The first metamaterial structure includes multiple electromagnetic control units, one of which is correspondingly disposed to one of the second antenna units and is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves to the corresponding second antenna unit.

17. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein, One of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is a 4G passive fusion antenna, and the other is a 5G active antenna.

18. An electronic device comprising the antenna device according to any one of claims 1-17.

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