Method and apparatus for non-linear compensation in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate than a 4G communication system such as LTE. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method performed by a base station of a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a non-linear measurement request message, transmitting at least one of a pilot signal and data, receiving a non-linear measurement report message including information about a non-linear measurement result based on the at least one of the pilot signal and the data, and determining a modulation coding scheme (MCS) level that can be supported based on the information about the non-linear measurement result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for measuring and compensating for nonlinearities generated when a base station transmits signals. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the increased demand for wireless data traffic since the deployment of fourth-generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved fifth-generation (5G) or near-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or near-5G communication systems are also referred to as "beyond 4G network" communication systems or "post-LTE" systems.

[0003] 5G communication systems are considered to be implemented in ultra-high frequency (mmWave) bands (e.g., the 60GHz band) to achieve higher data rates. To reduce radio wave propagation loss and increase transmission distance in the mmWave band, beamforming, massive MIMO, full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive MIMO technologies are being discussed in 5G communication systems. Furthermore, technologies for improving system networks are being developed based on evolved small cells, advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (cloud RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, cooperative communication, cooperative multipoint (CoMP), and receiver interference cancellation. Hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) are also being developed as advanced coding and modulation (ACM) schemes in 5G systems, as well as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) technologies.

[0004] Because 5G communication systems must flexibly respond to the various requirements of users, service providers, and others, they must support services that meet diverse needs. Services considered in 5G communication systems include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).

[0005] eMBB aims to provide higher data rates than those supported by existing LTE, LTE-A, or LTE-Pro systems. For example, in a 5G communication system, for a single base station, eMBB must provide a peak data rate of 20Gbps in the downlink and 10Gbps in the uplink. Furthermore, 5G communication systems must provide increased user-aware data rates and maximum data rates to the UE. To meet these requirements, improved transmit / receive technologies, including further enhanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission techniques, are needed. Additionally, the data rates required by 5G communication systems can be achieved using frequency bandwidths greater than 20MHz in the 3GHz to 6GHz band or higher, instead of the maximum 20MHz transmission bandwidth used in the 2GHz band of LTE.

[0006] Furthermore, in 5G communication systems, mMTC is considered to support application services such as the Internet of Things (IoT). To efficiently deliver IoT, mMTC has requirements such as supporting a large number of UEs within a cell, enhancing UE coverage, improving battery life, and reducing UE costs. Since IoT provides communication capabilities while supplying various sensors and devices, it must support a large number of UEs within a cell (e.g., 1,000,000 UEs / km). 2 Additionally, mMTC-enabled UEs may require wider coverage than other services provided by 5G communication systems because the UE is likely to be located in shaded areas such as building basements, which are not covered by the cell due to the nature of the service. mMTC-enabled UEs must be configured to be inexpensive and require very long battery life (e.g., 10 to 15 years) because it is difficult to frequently replace the UE's battery.

[0007] Finally, URLLC is a mission-critical wireless communication service based on cellular networks. For example, URLLC can be used for services such as remote control of robots or machines, industrial automation, drones, telemedicine, and emergency alerts. Therefore, URLLC must provide communication with ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. For example, services supporting URLLC should meet an air interface latency of less than 0.5 ms and also require 10 -5 Or even lower packet error rates. Therefore, for services that support URLLC, 5G systems need to provide shorter Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) than other services, while also requiring a wide allocation of resources in the frequency band to ensure the reliability of the communication link.

[0008] Given the successive generations of development in wireless communication, technologies have been developed primarily for human-facing services such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. With the commercialization of 5G (fifth-generation) communication systems, the number of connected devices is expected to grow exponentially. These devices will increasingly connect to communication networks. Examples of connected things can include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machinery, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve into various forms, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and holographic devices. To provide a wide range of services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6G (sixth-generation) era, the industry has been working to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as "beyond 5G" systems.

[0009] The 6G communication system, expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have peak data rates in the terabyte (1000 gigabyte) range and wireless latency of less than 100 microseconds (μsec), and will therefore be 50 times faster than 5G communication systems with 1 / 10 of their wireless latency.

[0010] To achieve such high data rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems have been considered for implementation in terahertz bands (e.g., the 95 GHz to 3 THz band). Since path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz band are more severe than those in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, technologies that can ensure signal transmission distance (i.e., coverage) are expected to become even more critical. As key technologies for ensuring coverage, it is necessary to develop radio frequency (RF) components, antennas, new waveforms with better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive MIMO, full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multi-antenna transmission technologies (such as massive MIMO). Furthermore, the industry has been discussing new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS).

[0011] Furthermore, to improve spectrum efficiency and overall network performance, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: full-duplex technology to enable uplink and downlink transmissions to use the same frequency resources simultaneously; network technologies to utilize satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), etc., in an integrated manner; improved network architectures to support mobile base stations and achieve network operation optimization and automation; dynamic spectrum sharing technology via conflict avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction; the use of AI in wireless communication to improve the entire network operation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) from the design phase of 6G development and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and next-generation distributed computing technologies to overcome the limitations of UE computing capabilities through ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources accessible on the network, such as mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc. In addition, ongoing efforts are underway to design new protocols for use in 6G communication systems, develop mechanisms for achieving hardware-based secure environments and secure data use, develop technologies for maintaining privacy, enhance connectivity between devices, optimize networks, promote the software-defined networking of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communication.

[0012] The research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity (including human-to-machine (P2M) and machine-to-machine (M2M)) is expected to enable next-generation hyper-connected experiences. Specifically, services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile holograms, and digital twins are anticipated to be available through 6G communication systems. Furthermore, services such as remote surgery for enhanced security and reliability, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through 6G communication systems, enabling these technologies to be applied in various fields such as industry, healthcare, automotive, and home appliances.

[0013] To meet the demands of these diverse services, wide bandwidth is required. Therefore, research is underway on previously unused high bandwidths, continuing in the form of mmWave and THz studies for 5G and subsequent 6G communication systems. However, in the millimeter-wave band, radio wave path loss is a significant problem, resulting in reduced coverage. Due to these issues, a large number of base stations need to be installed to achieve even small coverage areas, leading to substantial capital expenditure (CAPEX).

[0014] To address the aforementioned coverage issues, various techniques have been proposed. Among these techniques, one method involves transmitting signals at high output power using a power amplifier (PA). However, in the high output power region of the PA, nonlinearities in the phase and amplitude distortion of the transmitted signal occur, necessitating additional techniques to compensate for these nonlinearities in order to utilize the PA at high output power.

[0015] To utilize power amplifiers (PAs) at high power levels, a technique such as digital predistortion (DPD) can be used at the transmitter end, as a typical example. DPD is a technique that predicts the distortion of the PA, pre-distorts the transmitted signal, and transmits it to the PA; accurately predicting the PA's nonlinearity is crucial. However, the PA's nonlinearity has characteristics that vary over time or according to the surrounding environment, so time is needed to update the coefficients used in the DPD algorithm when such changes are detected.

[0016] The Internet, a human-centric network of connections where humans generate and consume information, is evolving into the Internet of Things (IoT), where distributed entities, such as things, exchange and process information. The Internet of Everything (IoE) has emerged, a combination of IoT technology and big data processing technology connected to cloud servers and other systems. With the increasing demand for technological elements such as sensing technology, wired / wireless communication and network infrastructure, service interface technology, and security technology in the realization of IoT, recent research has focused on sensor networks, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and machine-type communication (MTC). This IoT environment can provide intelligent IoT services that create new value for human life by collecting and analyzing data generated between interconnected things. IoT can be applied to various fields, including smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart or connected vehicles, smart grids, healthcare, smart appliances, and advanced medical services, through the integration and combination of existing information technology (IT) with various industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0017] [Technical Issues]

[0018] As mentioned above, with the development of mobile communication systems, various services can be provided, thus increasing the demand for effective methods to compensate for the nonlinearity of the PA (Power Amplifier) ​​for improving data reception performance and increasing coverage.

[0019] [Technical Solution]

[0020] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method may include: sending a nonlinear measurement request message; sending at least one of a pilot signal or data; receiving a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or data; and determining a supported modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level based on the information related to the nonlinear measurement results.

[0021] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method may include: receiving a nonlinear measurement request message; receiving at least one of a pilot signal or data; and sending a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to a nonlinear measurement result based on at least one of the pilot signal or data. The information related to the nonlinear measurement result may be associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level that the base station can support.

[0022] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The base station may include a transceiver and a controller. The controller may be configured to: control the transceiver to send a nonlinear measurement request message; control the transceiver to send at least one of a pilot signal or data; control the transceiver to receive a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or data; and determine a supported modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level based on the information related to the nonlinear measurement results.

[0023] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The terminal may include a transceiver and a controller. The controller may be configured to: control the transceiver to receive a nonlinear measurement request message; control the transceiver to receive at least one of a pilot signal or data; and control the transceiver to send a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to a nonlinear measurement result based on at least one of the pilot signal or data. The information related to the nonlinear measurement result may be associated with a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level that the base station can support.

[0024] [Beneficial Effects]

[0025] According to this disclosure, the degree of nonlinearity that may be caused when a base station transmits a signal can be measured with the help of a terminal, and the terminal can selectively apply nonlinear compensation technology according to the degree of nonlinearity, thereby effectively compensating for the nonlinearity of the PA.

[0026] The beneficial effects that can be obtained from this disclosure may not be limited to the effects described above, and other effects not mentioned herein can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A next-generation communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 2 The present invention illustrates signal distortion caused by the nonlinear characteristics of a PA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 A DPD model according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 4 The receiving path of a receiver including an AI-based nonlinear compensation block is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 An example of AI-based nonlinear compensation according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 6 This illustrates a scenario where a DPD update is required in a base station comprising multiple antennas, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process by which a UE measures nonlinearity according to a request from a base station, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process of acquiring nonlinear measurement-related capability information of a UE during initial access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process by which a UE compensates for nonlinearity when a nonlinearity problem occurs in a signal transmitted by a base station, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 10 The processing time for performing DPD updates by a base station according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 11 The process of a base station specifying the time for performing nonlinear compensation to a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 12 The process of a base station updating the time for performing nonlinear compensation for a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 14 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 15 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 16This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 17 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 19 A block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0046] Figure 20 A block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0047] In the following description, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] In describing the embodiments, descriptions related to technical content known in the relevant art and not directly associated with this disclosure will be omitted.

[0049] This omission of unnecessary descriptions is intended to prevent obscuring the main idea of ​​this disclosure and to convey that main idea more clearly.

[0050] For the same reason, some elements may be exaggerated, omitted, or shown schematically in the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the dimensions of each element do not perfectly reflect the actual dimensions. Throughout the disclosure, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements.

[0051] The advantages and features of this disclosure, as well as the ways in which they are implemented, will become apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0052] However, this disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth below, but can be implemented in various different forms. The embodiments are provided only to fully disclose this disclosure and to inform those skilled in the art of its scope, and this disclosure is limited only by the scope of the appended claims. Throughout this specification, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements.

[0053] In this document, it will be understood that each box in a flowchart illustration, and combinations of boxes in a flowchart illustration, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, executable by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart boxes. These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium that can direct the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium produce an article of writing including instruction means that implement the functions specified in the one or more flowchart boxes. Instructions that execute on a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process can provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart boxes.

[0054] Furthermore, each box in the flowchart diagram can represent a module, segment, or part of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the boxes may occur out of order. For example, two boxes shown consecutively may actually execute substantially simultaneously, or the boxes may sometimes execute in reverse order, depending on the functions involved.

[0055] As used in embodiments of this disclosure, the term "unit" refers to a software element or hardware element, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and a "unit" can perform certain functions. However, "unit" is not always limited to software or hardware. A "unit" can be configured to be stored in addressable storage media or to execute one or more processors. Thus, a "unit" includes, for example, software elements, object-oriented software elements, class elements or task elements, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, program code segments, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and parameters. Elements and functions provided by a "unit" can be combined into a smaller number of elements or "units," or divided into a larger number of elements or "units." Furthermore, elements and "units" can be implemented as one or more CPUs within a playback device or a secure multimedia card.

[0056] In the following description, for ease of description, some terms and names defined in the 3GPP standards (standards for 5G, NR, LTE, or similar systems) may be used. Additionally, terms and names newly defined in next-generation communication systems to which this disclosure applies (e.g., 6G or beyond 5G systems) or adopted in existing communication systems may also be used. The use of these terms is not intended to limit this disclosure by terms and names, and this disclosure can be applied in the same manner to systems conforming to other standards and can be modified in other forms without departing from the technical spirit of this disclosure.

[0057] As used herein, it will be understood that the singular expressions “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural expressions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0058] As used in embodiments of this disclosure, ordinal terms such as “first” and “second” may be used to describe various elements, but the corresponding elements should not be limited by these terms. The terms above are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0059] As used in embodiments of this disclosure, the term “and / or” includes any one or a combination of the listed related items.

[0060] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. As used herein, the expressions “comprising” or “having” are intended to specify the presence of the mentioned features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof, and should be construed as not excluding the possible presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0061] Furthermore, as used in this disclosure, the expressions “greater than” or “less than” are used to determine whether a particular condition is met or achieved; however, this is merely illustrative and does not exclude “greater than or equal to” or “equal to or less than”. A condition indicated by the expression “greater than or equal to” can be replaced by a condition indicated by “greater than”, a condition indicated by the expression “equal to or less than” can be replaced by a condition indicated by “less than”, and a condition indicated by “greater than and equal to or less than” can be replaced by a condition indicated by “greater than and less than”.

[0062] Before the detailed description of this disclosure, examples of interpretable meanings for some terms used herein are given below. However, it should be noted that these terms are not limited to the examples of interpretable meanings given below.

[0063] In this disclosure, a terminal (or communication terminal) is an entity that communicates with a base station or any other terminal, and may be referred to as a node, user equipment (UE), next-generation UE (NG UE), mobile station (MS), device, terminal, etc. A terminal may include at least one of the following: smartphone, tablet PC, mobile phone, video phone, e-book reader, desktop PC, laptop PC, netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable multimedia player (PMP), MP3 player, medical device, camera, and wearable device. Furthermore, a terminal may include at least one of the following: television, digital video disc (DVD) player, stereo, refrigerator, air conditioner, vacuum cleaner, oven, microwave oven, washing machine, air purifier, set-top box, home automation control panel, security control panel, media box, game console, electronic dictionary, electronic key, camera, and electronic photo frame. Furthermore, the terminal may include at least one of the following: various medical devices (e.g., various portable medical measurement devices (blood glucose monitoring devices, heart rate monitoring devices, blood pressure measuring devices, body temperature measuring devices, etc.), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) machines, ultrasound machines, etc.), navigation devices, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Event Data Recorders (EDR), Flight Data Recorders (FDR), vehicle infotainment devices, electronic devices for ships (e.g., ship navigation devices, gyrocompasses, etc.), avionics, security devices, automotive mainframes, home or industrial robots, drones, bank ATMs, point-of-sale (POS) devices, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices (e.g., light bulbs, various sensors, electricity or gas meters, fire alarms, thermostats, streetlights, ovens, sporting goods, hot water tanks, heaters, boilers, etc.). Additionally, the terminal may include various types of multimedia systems capable of communication functions. This disclosure is not limited to the examples described above, and the term "terminal" may also be used to refer to a device with the same or similar meaning.

[0064] In this disclosure, a base station is an entity that communicates with and allocates resources to a terminal, and may be referred to as a base station (BS), node B (NB), next-generation radio access network (NG RAN), access point (AP), transmit and receive point (TRP), satellite base station, radio access unit, base station controller, node on a network, etc. Alternatively, depending on the functional breakdown, a base station may be referred to as a central unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). However, this disclosure is not limited to the examples above, and a base station may also be referred to by terms with the same or similar meanings.

[0065] As used herein, depending on the context, control information may be referred to as a control message or control signaling, or may be referred to as a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), or Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, and this disclosure is not limited to the examples above, and control information may also be referred to by terms having the same or similar meanings.

[0066] As used herein, a transmitting node may be referred to as a transmitter or first device, and in the case of an uplink, it may mean a terminal, and in the case of a downlink, it may mean a base station.

[0067] As used herein, a receiving node may be referred to as a receiver or a second device, and in the case of an uplink, it may refer to a base station, and in the case of a downlink, it may refer to a terminal.

[0068] Figure 1 A next-generation communication system according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0069] refer to Figure 1 The next-generation communication system may include next-generation base station 1-10 and next-generation core network (CN) 1-05. Next-generation UE 1-15 can access external networks through next-generation base station 1-10 and next-generation CN 1-05.

[0070] exist Figure 1 In this disclosure, next-generation base stations 1-10 can perform roles corresponding to eNBs in traditional LTE communication systems or NR base stations (gNBs) in NR communication systems. Alternatively, in embodiments of this disclosure, next-generation base stations 1-10 can refer to either LTE base stations or NR base stations. Next-generation base stations 1-10 can connect to UEs 1-15 via a radio channel and can provide communication services significantly better than those provided by traditional Node Bs. Next-generation CNs 1-05 can perform roles corresponding to the NR core network of an NR communication system. Furthermore, the next-generation communication systems to which this disclosure applies can be linked to traditional LTE or NR communication systems. When linked to an LTE communication system, the communication system can connect to Mobility Management Entities (MMEs) 1-25 via a network interface, and the MME can connect to eNBs 1-30, which act as traditional LTE base stations. Alternatively, when linked to an NR communication system, the communication system can connect to NR CNs 1-25 via a network interface, and NR CNs 1-25 can connect to NR base stations 1-30. The next-generation communication systems to which this disclosure applies are not limited to... Figure 1 The next-generation communication system described above can be implemented using various types of base stations, UEs, and CNs, and this disclosure can be applied even in these cases.

[0071] In the communication system disclosed herein, to extend coverage, signals can be transmitted at the transmitter end via a PA by increasing the transmission power. However, signal distortion occurs due to the nonlinear characteristics of the PA. In the following, reference is made to... Figure 2 Please describe the problem in detail.

[0072] Figure 2 The present invention illustrates signal distortion caused by the nonlinear characteristics of a PA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] refer to Figure 2 In the region where the power of the signal input to the PA is low (small signal region), the power of the signal output from the PA (PAout) increases linearly with the increase of the input power (PAin) and the power gain value (G) of the PA. However, in the region where the input power of the PA is high, the power of the signal output from the PA (PAout) is not amplified by the power gain value (G) and exhibits nonlinearity with phase or amplitude distortion.

[0074] Therefore, due to the nonlinearity of signal phase and amplitude distortion in the high output region, the error vector magnitude (EVM) of transmitted data symbols may increase, leading to degraded data reception performance. To avoid signal distortion caused by the nonlinearity of the PA, a scheme applying output backoff to limit the PA's operating range to the linear region has been proposed. However, while the output backoff scheme can reduce the EVM of transmitted symbols, it may also result in coverage loss due to the limited transmission output.

[0075] Figure 3 A DPD model according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0076] In next-generation communication systems such as 6G, the high output range of the PA is considered to be used as is, and a scheme to pre-compensate nonlinearity is used at the transmitter end by using a DPD.

[0077] refer to Figure 3 , It is the input signal before the application of DPD. It is by applying DPD The obtained signal, and Amplification via PA The signal obtained. Multiply by 1 / G (1 / G is the reciprocal of the gain (G) of PA) and use it as the input to the DPD model, and the output of the DPD model can be expressed as Here, when the estimation error is defined as... When N sample blocks are represented in vector format, of It can export the minimized version. The values ​​of the coefficients in the DPD model.

[0078] As an example of the DPD model, the Generalized Memory Polynomial (GMP) model can be represented by Equation 1 below.

[0079] [Equation 1]

[0080] Here, for a specific time instance , This is the output value of the GMP model. It was delayed. l The input signal of the GMP model for each sample, and , and These are coefficients that need to be determined. , , , , , , and It is a predetermined integer value, and determines the order, complexity, and memory depth of the GMP model.

[0081] However, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the GMP model described above, and various other models may be used.

[0082] Figure 4 The receiving path of a receiver including an AI-based nonlinear compensation block is shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0083] refer to Figure 4 The signal reception path at the receiver end includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA) block, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) block and a synchronization block, a cyclic prefix (CP) removal and fast Fourier transform (FFT) block, a pre-equalization (pre-EQ) block, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, a time-domain echo state network (TD-ESN) block, another fast Fourier transform (FFT) block, a demodulation block, and a channel decoding block. Here, the set of IFFT, TD-ESN, and FFT blocks can be referred to as an AI-based nonlinear compensator (AI-NC).

[0084] The detailed operation of each block is described below. The LNA block amplifies the received RF signal. The ADC block converts the analog signal to a digital signal. The synchronization block performs synchronization on the signal. The CP removal and FFT block removes the CP and converts the time-domain signal to a frequency-domain signal using FFT. The pre-EQ block performs channel estimation and channel equalization based on the frequency-domain signal. Subsequently, the IFFT block converts the channel-EQ-applied signal back to a time-domain signal using IFFT. The TD-ESN block performs nonlinear compensation on the time-domain signal. For example, the TD-ESN block can acquire nonlinear information indicating signal distortion, etc., caused by the nonlinearity of the PA used at the transmitter, and perform nonlinear compensation on the time-domain signal based on this nonlinear information.

[0085] For example, the TD-ESN block can perform AI-based nonlinear compensation. The TD-ESN block can input the pilot portion of the signal with channel EQ applied as input to the AI ​​model and train the AI ​​model by optimizing an objective function (e.g., minimizing a loss function or maximizing a utility function) that addresses the difference between the output of the AI ​​model (the value predicted by the pilot received at the receiver) and the transmission pattern of the pilot provided to the receiver by the transmitter. In other words, the TD-ESN block can input pilots distorted by PA nonlinearity into the AI ​​model and train the AI ​​model by optimizing it so that the values ​​predicted by the AI ​​model approximate the transmission pattern of the corresponding pilots. Subsequently, the TD-ESN block can input the data portion of the signal with channel EQ applied into the trained AI model to obtain data with PA nonlinearity compensated (i.e., data distorted due to PA nonlinearity eliminated) as the output value of the AI ​​model. Here, the AI ​​model can be implemented using AI-related algorithms including an echo state network (ESN).

[0086] The nonlinearity of the PA can be compensated by an FFT block to convert the signal into a frequency domain signal, and the original input data stream can be recovered by demodulating and decoding the modulation symbols via a demodulation block and a channel decoding block.

[0087] Figure 4 Some of the blocks shown can be omitted, and one block can perform the functionality of other blocks. Furthermore, Figure 4 Each component shown can be implemented using only hardware or a combination of hardware and software / firmware. For example, Figure 4At least some of the components can be implemented in software, while others can be implemented in configurable hardware or a combination of configurable hardware and software. For example, FFT blocks and IFFT blocks can be implemented using configurable software algorithms. Furthermore, although FFT and IFFT have been described as being used, this is merely an example and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, other types of transforms, such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT), can be used.

[0088] Figure 5 An example of AI-based nonlinear compensation according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0089] As described above, the transmitter can amplify the transmit power via a PA to send a signal, and the receiver can receive the signal and apply channel EQ. However, as Figure 5 As shown in part (A), for the phase or amplitude of a signal that has already undergone channel EQ, there is distortion caused by the nonlinearity of the PA. Therefore, the receiver can perform nonlinearity compensation on the signal that has already undergone channel EQ. The receiver can input the pilot (e.g., DMRS) of the signal with channel EQ applied into the AI ​​model and train the AI ​​model such that the value predicted by the AI ​​model has a small error compared to the transmission pattern of the pilot (i.e., the pattern before the transmitter uses PA, which was previously defined between the transmitter and receiver). Subsequently, the receiver can input the data portion of the signal that has undergone channel EQ applied into the AI ​​model to obtain data in which the nonlinearity has been compensated.

[0090] refer to Figure 5 Part (B) reveals that, compared to a signal where only channel EQ is applied, the signal with compensated PA nonlinearity is more similar to the signal before PA is applied at the transmitter. Therefore, by compensating for the nonlinearity of the PA at the receiver, data reception performance can be improved.

[0091] DPD requires adjusting the coefficients of the DPD algorithm by predicting the nonlinearity of PA based on past information. Therefore, in environments where the nonlinearity of PA has changed significantly compared to before, the predicted coefficients of the DPD algorithm may become inaccurate, which may lead to increased transmission signal distortion and potentially degrade EVM performance.

[0092] To sense whether the nonlinearity of the PA has changed, the base station can sample the signal passing through the PA to determine if the DPD is functioning properly. If it is determined that the DPD is not functioning properly, processes such as changing the DPD algorithm or, even within the same DPD algorithm, changing the coefficients can be performed. To obtain new coefficients for the DPD algorithm, a time delay may occur proportionally to the number of coefficients used in the algorithm, and the quality of the transmitted signal after passing through the PA may degrade during this time delay compared to normal conditions. In the case of the degraded transmitted signal quality described above, when using modulated signals with high modulation orders (e.g., 1024-QAM, 4096-QAM, or higher) as in 6G communication systems, the signal transmitted by the base station needs to meet the EVM requirements for each modulation order. However, there is a problem that the base station has difficulty determining whether the EVM requirements are met when the transmitted signal quality degrades. Therefore, in the above-described case in conventional technology, when using modulated signals with high modulation orders, a scheme of successively decreasing the modulation order is used after repeated transmission failures.

[0093] This disclosure aims to address the problems that may arise in the aforementioned conventional technologies from two main perspectives.

[0094] The first method is to accurately identify the maximum modulation order available to the base station when a transmission signal quality degradation occurs in the base station's PA, thereby preventing unnecessary transmission failures. The second method is to activate an additional nonlinear compensation process in the UE when a transmission signal quality degradation occurs in the base station's PA, thereby improving the signal quality at the receiver end.

[0095] Figure 6 This illustrates a scenario where a DPD update is required in a base station comprising multiple antennas, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0096] refer to Figure 6 Base stations 1-10 can use a multi-antenna structure that supports massive MIMO transmit / receive technology, and multiple PAs can exist to support this multi-antenna structure.

[0097] Base stations 1-10 can detect nonlinear problems occurring in some of the multiple PAs and require DPD updates accordingly. However, as mentioned above, base stations 1-10 may have difficulty estimating the extent to which nonlinear problems affect the reception performance of the receiver (i.e., UE 1-15).

[0098] Therefore, base stations 1-10 can request nonlinear measurements from UEs (1-15), receive the measurement results, and adjust the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level that can be supported during DPD updates based on the received measurement results. The following will refer to... Figure 7 Describe the operation in more detail.

[0099] Figure 7 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process by which a UE measures nonlinearity according to a request from a base station, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0100] In S700 operation, base stations 1-10 can identify situations where DPD updates are needed for PAs. For example, when PA characteristics change in PAs a, b, and c in a transmitter with n PAs, there may be cases where the coefficients of the DPD blocks supporting the corresponding PAs have not been updated, or all cases where the nonlinearity of the PAs is not well controlled compared to before due to certain reasons can be assumed.

[0101] In operation S702, base stations 1-10 can configure the supported MCS level suitable for the current situation using predefined rules. For example, base stations 1-10 can configure the maximum supported MCS level based on past information, or, in the absence of past information, can configure the maximum supported MCS level based on the number of PAs requiring DPD updates. For example, the maximum supported MCS level for the number of PAs requiring DPD updates can be determined as shown in Table 1 below.

[0102] [Table 1]

[0103] In operation S704, base station 1-10 can send a message (e.g., NL measurement request) to UE 1-15 to request a nonlinear measurement. In a cell environment with multiple UEs, base station 1-10 can select the UE to request the nonlinear (NL) measurement. For example, base station 1-10 can select the UE based on any one or a combination of the following schemes.

[0104] 1) Polling selection

[0105] 2) Random selection

[0106] 3) Sort by current DL data volume in descending order and then select.

[0107] 4) Polling selection from UEs that have current DL data

[0108] 5) Randomly select from UEs that have current DL data

[0109] 6) Select channels in order of current channel conditions (good).

[0110] 7) Polling selection from UEs at or above a predetermined level based on current channel conditions.

[0111] 8) Randomly select from UEs at or above a predetermined level based on the current channel conditions.

[0112] Here, the advantage of schemes 1) and 2) is that they do not increase the complexity of the base station. The advantage of schemes 3) to 5) is that if a UE with DL data is selected, the base station does not need to allocate and transmit additional data signals and pilot signals for NL measurement. The advantage of schemes 6) to 8) is that UEs with good channel conditions may have a relative advantage in nonlinear measurement, thus obtaining more accurate nonlinear measurement results.

[0113] In operation S706, UE 1-15 can send a response to base station 1-10 to a message requesting nonlinear measurement (e.g., NL measurement confirmation).

[0114] In operation S708, base station 1-10 can send pilot signals and / or data to UE 1-15. For example, if there is no DL data to be sent to the current UE 1-15, data and / or pilot signals predefined for NL measurement can be sent. The individual data and / or pilot signals for NL measurement can be defined as follows.

[0115] 1) Data and / or pilot signals with globally unique sequences or time-frequency resources can be defined in the system, and the base station can always send the same data and / or pilot signals during NL measurement requests without additional signal exchange with the UE.

[0116] 2) When each UE accesses the base station, the base station can identify capability information about whether the UE is able to perform NL measurements, and if it is determined that the UE is able to perform NL measurements, the base station can configure information related to cell-specific data and / or pilot signals.

[0117] 3) When each UE accesses the base station, the base station can identify capability information regarding whether the UE is capable of performing NL measurements, and if it is determined that the UE is capable of performing NL measurements, the base station can configure information related to UE-specific data and / or pilot signals.

[0118] 4) Formulas for forming globally unique data and / or pilot signals can be defined in the system, and when each UE accesses the base station, the base station can send the key parameters of the corresponding formula (e.g., sequence number, etc.) to the UE.

[0119] 5) Formulas for forming globally unique data and / or pilot signals can be defined in the system, and key parameters of the formulas (e.g., sequence number, etc.) can be sent to the UE when the base station requests the UE to perform NL measurement.

[0120] Alternatively, if the algorithm used for NL measurement of the UE does not require any additional data, pilot signals defined by any of the methods described above can be sent without data transmission. Alternatively, the data can be dummy data for NL measurement, and in this case, the base station can inform the UE of this during the data scheduling operation for the UE.

[0121] Furthermore, if the base station has data to send to the UE, it can request NL measurement using existing data without using additional data and / or pilot signals. In this case, the base station can instruct the UE to request the data for NL measurement, as shown below.

[0122] 1) NL measurement for all data transmission requests

[0123] 2) NL measurement is requested only for data transmissions corresponding to specific time and frequency information.

[0124] 3) During scheduling, only data transmissions that require measurement are requested using a separate indicator.

[0125] In operation with S710, UE 1-15 can perform nonlinear measurements using the received data and / or pilot signals. Nonlinearity can be measured as described in the above reference. Figure 4 The measurements described are taken during the process of compensating for nonlinearity, or can be measured independently regardless of the nonlinearity compensation.

[0126] In addition to the existing data reception process, the UE may require a separate processing procedure, which may be necessary for NL measurement. Therefore, during the process of identifying UE capability information during UE access to the base station, the UE can send information to the base station related to NL measurement processing latency, additional battery usage, etc. This will be discussed later below. Figure 8 The description provides a more specific description of its operation.

[0127] Alternatively, during the transmission of messages regarding NL measurements, the base station can send a request to the UE via a query message, or exchange information based on a request from the UE. Based on this information, the base station can identify whether the latency or reliability requirements of the existing data are met even if the UE performs additional NL measurements, and use this information to determine whether to request the UE to perform NL measurements.

[0128] In operation S712, UE 1-15 may send a message to base station 1-10 to report NL measurement results (e.g., NL measurement report). For example, the message to report NL measurement results may include at least one or a combination of the following information.

[0129] 1) Information directly representing the degree of nonlinearity based on the scheme previously configured by the base station and UE.

[0130] 2) Information that indirectly represents the degree of nonlinearity by using specific performance metrics such as the current EVM.

[0131] 3) The maximum MCS level that the UE can support.

[0132] In operation S714, base station 1-10 can configure the maximum supported MCS level by using NL measurement results reported from UE 1-15, or additionally using NL measurement results reported from other UEs. For example, base station 1-10 can use an algorithm to map indirect information (such as nonlinearity and EVM) reported by UE 1-15 to the maximum supported MCS level. Furthermore, base station 1-10 can modify specific parameters of the algorithm based on future data transmission results (e.g., ACK / NACK statistics). Base station 1-10 and UE 1-15 can perform data transmission and reception based on the determined maximum supported MCS level.

[0133] In operation S716, base station 1-10 can recognize that the DPD update for PA has been completed. After all DPD updates are completed, base station 1-10 can store the NL measurement report information received from UE, and reuse the stored information if the need for DPD updates recurs in the future.

[0134] For example, base stations 1-10 can store NL measurement results reported by the UE when DPD updates are required for PAs a, b, and c. Subsequently, when DPD updates are required for PAs d, e, and f, since DPD updates are needed for the same number of PAs, it can be assumed that the NL level is the same as or similar to the previous level. Alternatively, when problems occur with other numbers of PAs (e.g., PAs d, e, f, and g), it can be assumed that the NL level is higher than the difference in the number of PAs requiring DPD updates (e.g., 1) compared to the previously measured NL level, and this can be used in operation S702, which is the maximum MCS level that the initial configuration can support.

[0135] In the above embodiment, it is assumed that base station 1-10 identifies that DPD update is needed for a specific reason. However, even if there is no problem in PA, base station 1-10 can still perform the above operation to identify the nonlinearity of the current PA and can omit operation S700.

[0136] Base station 1-10 can identify the current PA nonlinearity based on information received from UE 1-15 and determine whether to perform coefficient updates for the DPD algorithm. Alternatively, base station 1-10 can use the information to identify whether the PA has permanently degraded performance due to aging effects, etc. Therefore, the results reported by UE 1-15 can be used in the process of changing the default value of the maximum supported MCS level.

[0137] Figure 8 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process of acquiring nonlinear measurement-related capability information of a UE during initial access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0138] refer to Figure 8 In S800 operation, base station 1-15 and UE 1-10 can perform an initial access procedure. For example, UE 1-10 can search for a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) to synchronize the downlink and can obtain the system information required for initial access through the Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB). Subsequently, UE 1-10 can perform a random access procedure based on the obtained system information, thereby completing the RRC establishment.

[0139] In operation S802, base station 1-10 can send a message (e.g., NL capability request) to UE 1-15 to request capability information related to nonlinear measurement. Alternatively, it can send a message requesting previously defined UE capability information (UE capability query).

[0140] In operation S804, UE 1-15 may send a message including nonlinear measurement-related capability information (e.g., NL capability response) to base station 1-10. Alternatively, it may send a message including previously defined UE capability information (UE capability information).

[0141] The message may include at least one or a combination of the following messages.

[0142] -Information regarding whether the UE supports NL measurement functionality

[0143] - Define the UE capability parameters required for separate data and / or pilot signals when data and / or pilot signals need to be transmitted for NL measurements.

[0144] - Information related to the overhead required for the UE to perform NL measurements (e.g., processing latency for NL measurements, additional battery consumption, etc.).

[0145] Based on the above information, base station 1-10 can generate configuration information for NL measurement. Furthermore, base station 1-10 can use the capability information of UE 1-10 to identify whether UE 1-15 supports the NL measurement function, generate separate data and / or pilot signals for NL measurement, or determine whether to request UE 1-10 to perform NL measurement.

[0146] Figure 9 This is a sequence diagram illustrating the process by which a UE compensates for nonlinearity when a nonlinearity problem occurs in a signal transmitted by a base station, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0147] refer to Figure 9 This paper illustrates a method for requesting nonlinear compensation (NC) from UE 1-15 when there is a nonlinearity problem in the signal transmitted after the PA level of base stations 1-10.

[0148] For example, base stations 1-10 can sample signals transmitted after the PA level and compare them with signals before the DPD level to identify the degree of signal distortion, nonlinearity, etc. Assuming the difference between the signal before the DPD level and the signal after the PA level is 'e', ​​a value of 'e' less than a specific threshold (th) can be defined as a case where there is no nonlinearity problem, and a value of 'e' greater than the specific threshold (th) can be defined as a case where there is a nonlinearity problem. Thus, base stations 1-10 can determine whether there is a problem with the nonlinearity compensation of the PA.

[0149] For example, in operation S900, base station 1-10 can identify that there is no problem with the nonlinear compensation in PA. In operation S902, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. In operation S904, UE 1-15 can receive data without performing nonlinear compensation.

[0150] In operation S906, base station 1-10 can identify that a problem has occurred in the nonlinear compensation of the PA. In operation S908, base station 1-10 can send information or messages requesting nonlinear compensation, along with data, to UE 1-15. In operation S910, UE 1-15 can receive data by compensating for the nonlinearity according to the request from base station 1-10.

[0151] The specific process by which base stations 1-10 send information or messages requesting nonlinear compensation to UEs 1-15 will be described below. Figures 11 to 14 The description is more detailed in the description.

[0152] Figure 10 The processing time for performing DPD updates by a base station according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0153] refer to Figure 10Base stations 1-10 can pre-compensate (remove) nonlinearities using DPD in order to transmit signals. If base stations 1-10 detect a problem or change in PA nonlinearity at a specific time point, they can attempt DPD updates (or DPD algorithm coefficient updates). However, base stations 1-10 may require a predetermined time (T) for processing. update This is to perform DPD updates and may send signals with non-linearity during that time period. Furthermore, T update The number of coefficients in the DPD algorithm can be increased proportionally. Therefore, during the DPD algorithm coefficient update, it is difficult to solve the PA nonlinearity problem at the transmitter (base station), and the receiver (UE) can receive the signal by performing an additional nonlinear compensation (NC) process during the corresponding time period.

[0154] Figure 11 The process of a base station specifying the time for performing nonlinear compensation to a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0155] refer to Figure 11 A method is shown in which, when a nonlinearity problem occurs in the signal transmitted after the PA level of base stations 1-10, base stations 1-10 specify a time T for performing the nonlinearity compensation (NC) when requesting NC compensation from UE 1-15. NC The method for performing NC at the receiver (i.e., UE) can be found above regarding... Figure 4 The description.

[0156] In operation S1100, base stations 1-10 can identify nonlinearity issues. For example, as referenced... Figure 9 As described, base stations 1-10 can determine that when the difference between the signal before the DPD level and the signal after the PA level is assumed to be e, the case where the corresponding e value is greater than a certain threshold (th) is a case of nonlinearity.

[0157] In operation S1102, base station 1-10 can send a message to UE 1-15 requesting the receiver to perform nonlinear compensation (e.g., NC activation). See reference... Figure 10 As described, if a nonlinear problem occurs in base stations 1-10, the problem may occur within a specific time period (T). update This continues to occur within a certain timeframe. Therefore, base stations 1-10 can include the time (T) used for performing nonlinear compensation in this message. NC Information related to ) Here, the time (T) used to perform nonlinear compensation is... NC It can be configured according to any of the following values.

[0158] 1) Predefined default values ​​on the system (e.g., T) NC = 3 seconds)

[0159] 2) The time spent in the past n DPD coefficient updates (T) update (Average)

[0160] 3) The time spent in the past n DPD coefficient updates (T) update The maximum value of )

[0161] 4) The time (T) spent in the past n DPD coefficient updates (each with the same number of PAs as the current problem) update (Average)

[0162] 5) The time (T) spent in the past n DPD coefficient updates (each with the same number of PAs as the current problem) update The maximum value among the values

[0163] 6) The time spent in the last DPD coefficient update (T) update )

[0164] 7) The time (T) spent in the last DPD coefficient update (which had the same number of PAs as the current problem occurred) update )

[0165] In addition, the time (T) used to perform nonlinear compensation NC It can be configured in absolute time units (e.g., seconds or milliseconds) and / or in time slots and / or symbols.

[0166] Upon receiving a message requesting nonlinear compensation, UE 1-15 can begin running timer T. NC .

[0167] In operation S1104, UE 1-15 can send a response message (e.g., NC activation confirmation) to base station 1-10 in response to the request for nonlinear compensation. UE 1-15 can also start timer T after operation S1104. NC The operation.

[0168] In operation S1106, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0169] In operation S1108, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, if timer T... NC In operation, UE 1-15 can receive data by compensating for nonlinearity.

[0170] In operation S1110, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal for which DPD has been applied based on the completion of the DPD coefficient update of base station 1-10.

[0171] In operation S1112, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, if timer T... NC If the deadline has passed, UE 1-15 can receive data without performing nonlinear compensation.

[0172] Figure 12 The process of a base station updating the time for performing nonlinear compensation for a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0173] refer to Figure 12 An example is shown where base stations 1-10 have specified a time (T) for UEs 1-15 to perform nonlinear compensation. NC However, due to reasons such as processing time delays for updating DPD coefficients, T NC Updated (reconfigured).

[0174] Operations S1200 to S1208 can be similar to Figure 11 The operations S1100 to S1108 are executed.

[0175] In operation S1210, the time (T) used to update the time for performing nonlinear compensation can be sent. NC ) messages (e.g., T) NC (Update). UEs 1-15 that receive this message can begin T... NC The operation. UE 1-15 can be used with the currently running T. NC Run T in parallel NC And it can stop the currently running T NC Then restart T NC .

[0176] In addition, the message can include a new T separately. NC Value. New T NC The value can be compared with the previously configured T. NC The values ​​are the same or different. When the message does not include a separate T NC When the value is given, UE 1-15 can assume T. NC With the T configured previously NC Use the same value or default value to run T NC .

[0177] In operation S1212, UE 1-15 can send a message to base station 1-10 to update the time (T) used for performing nonlinear compensation. NC) response message (e.g., T) NC (Update confirmed). After operation S1212, UE 1-15 can start running the new timer T. NC .

[0178] In operation S1214, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0179] In operation S1216, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, even the timer T running in operations S1202 and S1204... NC The timer T that has expired has been started during operations S1210 and S1212. NC While still in operation, UE 1-15 can receive data after nonlinearity has been compensated for.

[0180] Figure 13 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0181] refer to Figure 13 This paper illustrates a method for activating and deactivating the nonlinear compensation (NC) function of UE 1-15 via explicit signaling from base stations 1-10.

[0182] In operation S1300, base stations 1-10 can identify nonlinearity issues. For example, such as... Figure 9 As described in the text, when base station 1-10 assumes that the difference between the signal before the DPD level and the signal after the PA level is e, base station 1-10 can determine that the case where the value of e is greater than a certain threshold (th) is a case where there is a nonlinearity problem.

[0183] In operation S1302, base station 1-10 may send a message to UE 1-15 requesting the activation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC activation) at the receiver.

[0184] In operation S1304, UE 1-15 can send a response message (e.g., NC activation confirmation) to base station 1-10 in response to the message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation.

[0185] UEs 1-15 that have received NC activation or have sent NC activation confirmation can activate nonlinear compensation operation.

[0186] In operation S1306, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0187] In operation S1308, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15 with nonlinear compensation operation activated can receive data after nonlinearity compensation.

[0188] In operation S1310, base station 1-10 can send a message to UE 1-15 requesting the deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation). This message can be sent based on base station 1-10 identifying that a nonlinearity problem no longer exists or that the DPD update has been completed.

[0189] In operation S1312, UE 1-15 can send a response message (e.g., NC deactivation confirmation) to base station 1-10 in response to the message requesting the deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation.

[0190] UEs 1-15 that have received NC deactivation or have already sent NC deactivation confirmation can deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0191] In operation S1312, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal for which DPD has already been applied when the DPD coefficient update of base station 1-10 is completed.

[0192] In operation S1314, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has deactivated the nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data without performing nonlinear compensation.

[0193] Figure 14 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0194] refer to Figure 14 A method is shown in which base station 1-10 and UE 1-15 exchange explicit signaling to activate and deactivate the nonlinear compensation (NC) function of UE 1-15. However, in Figure 14 In this process, the UE can continuously identify the degree of nonlinearity from the data signals sent by the base station, and when the nonlinearity is determined to be low, it requests the base station to activate the nonlinearity compensation operation.

[0195] In operation S1400, base stations 1-10 can identify nonlinearity issues. For example, such as... Figure 9 As described in the text, when assuming the difference between the signal before the DPD level and the signal after the PA level is e, base stations 1-10 can determine that the case where the corresponding e value is greater than a certain threshold (th) is a case where there is a nonlinearity problem.

[0196] In operation S1402, base station 1-10 may send a message to UE 1-15 requesting the activation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC activation) at the receiver.

[0197] In operation S1404, UE 1-15 may send a response message (e.g., NC activation confirmation) to base station 1-10 in response to the message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation.

[0198] UE1-15 that has received NC activation or has sent NC activation confirmation can activate nonlinear compensation operation.

[0199] In operation S1406, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0200] In operation S1408, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has already activated nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data by compensating for nonlinearity. When a predetermined level or higher of nonlinearity is detected for the data, UE 1-15 can continue to activate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0201] In operation S1410, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, when the DPD coefficient update of base station 1-10 is completed, the data can be a signal with DPD applied, or it can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0202] In operation S1412, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has activated nonlinearity compensation operation, can receive data by compensating for nonlinearity. Unlike operation S1408, when a predetermined level or lower of nonlinearity is detected for the data, UE 1-15 can determine to deactivate the nonlinearity compensation operation.

[0203] In operation S1414, UE 1-15, which has determined to deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation, can send a message to base station 1-10 requesting deactivation of the nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation request). In another embodiment, UE 1-15 can deactivate the NC function itself without sending a separate message (e.g., NC deactivation request) to base station 1-10.

[0204] In operation S1416, base station 1-15 may send a response message to UE 1-15 to the message requesting deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation request confirmation).

[0205] UEs 1-15 that have sent an NC deactivation request or received an NC deactivation request confirmation can deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0206] In operation S1418, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal for which DPD has already been applied when the DPD coefficient update of base station 1-10 is completed.

[0207] In operation S1420, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has deactivated nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data without performing nonlinear compensation.

[0208] Figure 15 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0209] refer to Figure 15 A method is shown in which nonlinear compensation (NC) operation is activated by active nonlinear measurement of UE 1-15 and deactivated by base station 1-10.

[0210] In operation S1500, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0211] In operation S1502, UE 1-15 can measure the nonlinearity of data transmitted from base stations 1-10. Nonlinearity can be measured during the compensation process, as described above. Figure 4 As described in [the document], nonlinearity can be measured independently without considering nonlinear compensation. When nonlinearity is determined to be high, UE 1-15 can determine to activate UE nonlinear compensation operation.

[0212] In operation S1504, UE 1-15 may send a message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation at the receiver end and / or DPD update at the transmitter end (e.g., NC activation request or DPD update request).

[0213] In operation S1506, base station 1-10 may send a response message to UE 1-15 to a message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation or a message requesting DPD update (e.g., NC activation request confirmation or DPD update request confirmation).

[0214] UEs 1-15 that have sent an NC activation / DPD update request or received confirmation of an NC activation / DPD update request can activate nonlinear compensation operation.

[0215] In operation S1508, base stations 1-10 that receive an NC activation / DPD update request or send an NC activation / DPD update request confirmation can start DPD update (or DPD algorithm coefficient update).

[0216] In operation S1510, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, the data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0217] In operation S1512, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has activated nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data by compensating for nonlinearity.

[0218] During operation S1514, base stations 1-10 can recognize that the DPD update has been completed (terminated).

[0219] In operation S1516, base station 1-10, which has completed DPD update, can send a message to UE 1-15 requesting deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation).

[0220] In operation S1518, UE 1-10 can send a response message (e.g., NC deactivation confirmation) to base station 1-10 in response to the message requesting the deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation.

[0221] UEs 1-15 that have received NC deactivation or sent NC deactivation confirmation can deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0222] In operation S1520, UE 1-15, which has deactivated the nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data from base station 1-10, and no nonlinear compensation will be performed thereafter.

[0223] Figure 16 This is a sequence diagram illustrating a signaling-based nonlinear compensation activation / deactivation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0224] refer to Figure 16 This paper illustrates a method for activating and deactivating nonlinear compensation (NC) operation through active nonlinear measurement of the UE (1-15).

[0225] In operation S1600, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. This data can be a signal without DPD applied.

[0226] In operation S1602, UE 1-15 can measure the nonlinearity of data transmitted from base stations 1-10. Nonlinearity can be measured during the compensation process, as described above. Figure 4As described in [the document], nonlinearity can be measured separately without considering nonlinear compensation. When nonlinearity is determined to be high, UE 1-15 can determine to activate UE nonlinear compensation operation.

[0227] In operation S1604, UE 1-15 may send a message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation at the receiver and / or DPD update at the transmitter (e.g., NC activation request or DPD update request).

[0228] In operation S1606, base station 1-10 may send a response message to UE 1-15 for a message requesting activation of nonlinear compensation operation or a message requesting DPD update (e.g., NC activation request confirmation or DPD update request confirmation).

[0229] UEs 1-15 that have sent an NC activation / DPD update request or received confirmation of an NC activation / DPD update request can activate the nonlinear compensation operation. Additionally, base stations 1-10 that have received an NC activation / DPD update request or sent confirmation of an NC activation / DPD update request can begin DPD update (or DPD algorithm coefficient update).

[0230] In operation S1608, base station 1-10 can send data to UE 1-15. Here, when base station 1-10 completes the DPD coefficient update, the data can be a signal with DPD applied or a signal without DPD applied.

[0231] In operation S1610, UE 1-15 can receive data transmitted from base station 1-10. In this case, UE 1-15, which has activated nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data by compensating for nonlinearity. When UE 1-15 measures the nonlinearity of the data transmitted by the base station and detects a predetermined level or lower of nonlinearity, UE 1-15 can determine to deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0232] In operation S1612, UE 1-15, which has been determined to deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation, can send a message to base station 1-10 requesting deactivation of the nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation request).

[0233] In operation S1614, base station 1-15 may send a response message to UE 1-15 to the message requesting deactivation of nonlinear compensation operation (e.g., NC deactivation request confirmation).

[0234] UEs 1-15 that have sent an NC deactivation request or received an NC deactivation request confirmation can deactivate the nonlinear compensation operation.

[0235] In operation S1618, UE 1-15, which has deactivated the nonlinear compensation operation, can receive data from base station 1-10, and no nonlinear compensation will be performed thereafter.

[0236] Figure 17 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0237] refer to Figure 17 This shows the above Figures 1 to 16 The operations performed by base stations 1-10.

[0238] In operation S1700, the base station can send a nonlinearity measurement request message. For example, the base station can send the message based on the identification that a DPD update is needed for a PA, or it can send the message to identify the current nonlinearity level of the PA. For example, the base station can determine the MCS level based on a predetermined rule, considering the number of PAs requiring DPD updates. For example, the base station can determine at least one UE requesting a nonlinearity measurement based on at least one of a polling scheme, a random selection scheme, the data to be transmitted, or the current channel conditions, and send a nonlinearity measurement request message to that at least one UE.

[0239] In operation S1704, the base station can transmit pilot signals and / or data. For example, pilot signals and / or data can be transmitted based on predefined sequences or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or UE-specific configuration information, or based on predefined formulas.

[0240] In operation S1706, the base station may receive a nonlinear measurement report message. For example, the nonlinear measurement report message may include information related to the nonlinear measurement results based on pilot signals and / or data. For example, the information related to the nonlinear measurement results may include at least one of the following: information directly indicating the degree of nonlinearity, information related to performance metrics based on the degree of nonlinearity, or information related to the maximum MCS level that the UE can support.

[0241] In operation S1708, the base station can select the MCS level that it can support. For example, if the information related to the nonlinear measurement results includes information related to performance measurement metrics, the base station can determine the MCS level that it can support by mapping to the performance measurement metrics, and later adjust the supportable MCS level based on the data transmission results.

[0242] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0243] refer to Figure 18 The above is shown Figures 1 to 16 The operations performed by UE 1-15 in the system.

[0244] In operation S1800, the UE can receive a nonlinear measurement request message. For example, this message can be sent based on the recognition that the base station needs to perform a DPD update for the PA, or the base station can send a message to identify the current nonlinearity level of the PA. For example, even before receiving the nonlinear measurement request message, the base station can determine the MCS level based on predetermined rules and the number of PAs requiring DPD updates. For example, the base station can select the UE to request a nonlinear measurement based on at least one of a polling scheme, a random selection scheme, the data to be transmitted, or the current channel conditions.

[0245] In operation S1804, the UE may receive pilot signals and / or data. For example, pilot signals and / or data may be received based on a predefined sequence or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or UE-specific configuration information, or based on a predefined formula.

[0246] In operation S1806, the UE can measure nonlinearity. For example, the UE can measure the nonlinearity of pilot signals and / or data. Figure 4 As shown, nonlinearity can be measured during the nonlinearity compensation process, or nonlinearity can be measured independently without considering nonlinearity compensation.

[0247] In operation S1808, the UE may send a nonlinear measurement report message. For example, the nonlinear measurement report message may include information related to nonlinear measurement results based on pilot signals and / or data. For example, the information related to the nonlinear measurement results may include at least one of the following: information directly indicating the degree of nonlinearity, information related to a performance metric based on the degree of nonlinearity, and information related to the maximum supported MCS level determined by the UE. For example, the information related to the nonlinear measurement results may be associated with the MCS levels that the base station can support. For example, if information related to a performance measurement metric is included in the information related to the nonlinear measurement results, the base station may determine the supported MCS levels mapped to the performance measurement metric and may later adjust the supported MCS levels based on data transmission results.

[0248] Figure 19 A block diagram of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0249] refer to Figure 19 UE 1900 can correspond to Figures 1 to 18The UEs 1-15 shown are illustrated. UE 1900 may include a transceiver 1901, a controller (processor) 1902, and a memory (storage) 1903. The transceiver 1901, controller 1902, and memory 1903 of UE 1900 may operate according to embodiments of this disclosure. However, the components of UE 1900 according to embodiments are not limited to the examples described above. According to another embodiment, UE 1900 may include a greater or lesser number of components than those described above. Furthermore, in certain cases, transceiver 1901, controller 1902, and memory 1903 may be implemented as a single chip.

[0250] According to another embodiment, transceiver 1901 may include a transmitter and a receiver. Transceiver 1901 can transmit / receive signals together with a base station. Signals may include control information and data. For this purpose, transceiver 1901 may include an RF transmitter configured to up-convert and amplify the frequency of the transmitted signal, an RF receiver configured to perform low-noise amplification and down-convert the frequency of the received signal, etc. Transceiver 1901 can receive signals via a wireless channel, output them to controller 1902, and transmit signals output from controller 1902 via a wireless channel.

[0251] Controller 1902 can control a series of processes that enable UE 1900 to operate according to the embodiments described above in this disclosure. For this purpose, controller 1902 may include at least one processor. For example, controller 1902 may include a communication processor (CP) configured to perform communication control, and an application processor (AP) configured to control upper-layer applications such as applications. For example, controller 1902 may control transceiver 1901 to receive a nonlinear measurement request message, control transceiver 1901 to receive at least one of pilot signals or data, and control transceiver 1901 to send a nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of pilot signals or data.

[0252] The memory 1903 may store control information or data included in the signals acquired by the UE 1900, and may have areas for storing data required for the control of the controller 1902, data generated when the controller 1902 performs control, etc.

[0253] In addition, UE 1900 may include an AI device (not shown) capable of performing at least a portion of AI processing. The AI ​​device may include an AI processor, memory, and / or a communication unit.

[0254] For example, controller 1902 can operate as an AI processor or perform at least some of the functions of an AI processor. The AI ​​processor can train a neural network using a program stored in memory. Here, the neural network can be designed to simulate the structure of the human brain on a computer and can include multiple network nodes with weights to simulate neurons in a human neural network. Multiple network nodes can exchange data according to their respective connections to simulate the synaptic activity of neurons exchanging signals through synapses. Here, the neural network can include a deep learning model developed from a neural network model. In a deep learning model, multiple network nodes can be located in different layers and exchange data according to convolutional connections.

[0255] AI processors may include data learning units for training neural networks for data classification / recognition. The data learning unit can classify the data to be used for learning and acquire training data. The data learning unit can train a deep learning model by applying the acquired training data. For example, the deep learning model can be trained through supervised or unsupervised learning. Furthermore, the data learning unit can train the deep learning model through reinforcement learning, utilizing feedback on whether the results determined based on the learning process are correct. The deep learning model can be trained based on data from both the input and output layers.

[0256] The data learning unit can be generated and installed in the form of at least one hardware chip on an AI device. For example, the data learning unit can be generated as a dedicated hardware chip for artificial intelligence (AI), or it can be generated and installed in the AI ​​device as part of a general-purpose processor (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU). Furthermore, the data learning unit can be implemented as a software module. When implemented as a software module (or a program module including instructions), the software module can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. In this case, the at least one software module can be provided by an operating system (OS) or by an application.

[0257] For example, memory 1903 may include the memory of an AI device. The memory can store various programs and data required for the operation of the AI ​​device. The memory is accessed by the AI ​​processor, which can perform data reading / writing / modification / deletion / updating, etc. For example, a data learning unit may store in memory a trained model associated with the input and output relationship information of the PA.

[0258] For example, the communication unit of an AI device can be included in transceiver 1901.

[0259] Figure 20 A block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0260] refer to Figure 20 Base station 2000 can correspond to Figures 1 to 18 Base stations 1-10 are shown in the diagram. Base station 2000 may include a transceiver 2001, a controller (processor) 2002, and a memory (storage) 2003. The transceiver 2001, controller 2002, and memory 2003 of base station 2000 may operate according to embodiments of this disclosure. However, the components of base station 2000 according to embodiments are not limited to the examples described above. According to another embodiment, base station 2000 may include a greater or lesser number of components than those described above. Furthermore, in certain cases, transceiver 2001, controller 2002, and memory 2003 may be implemented as a single chip.

[0261] According to another embodiment, transceiver 2001 may include a transmitter and a receiver. Transceiver 2001 can transmit / receive signals together with the UE. Signals may include control information and data. For this purpose, transceiver 2001 may include an RF transmitter configured to up-convert and amplify the frequency of the transmitted signal, an RF receiver configured to perform low-noise amplification and down-convert the frequency of the received signal, etc. Transceiver 2001 can receive signals via a wireless channel, output them to controller 2002, and transmit signals output from controller 2002 via a wireless channel.

[0262] The controller 2002 can control a series of processes that enable the base station 2000 to operate according to the embodiments described above. For this purpose, the controller 2002 may include at least one processor. For example, the controller 2002 may include a communication processor (CP) configured to perform communication control, and an application processor (AP) configured to control upper-layer applications such as applications. For example, the controller 2002 may control the transceiver 2001 to send a nonlinear measurement request message, control the transceiver 2001 to send at least one of pilot signals or data, and control the transceiver 2001 to receive a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of pilot signals or data, and determining the supported modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level based on the information related to the nonlinear measurement results.

[0263] The memory 2003 can store control information or data determined by the base station 2000, or control information or data received from the UE, and can have areas for storing data required for control by the controller 2002, data generated when the controller 2002 performs control, etc.

[0264] In addition, the base station 2000 may include at least a portion of an AI device (not shown) capable of performing AI processing. The AI ​​device may include an AI processor, memory, and / or a communication unit.

[0265] For example, controller 2002 can operate as an AI processor or perform at least some functions of an AI processor. The AI ​​processor can train a neural network using a program stored in memory. Here, the neural network can be designed to simulate the structure of the human brain on a computer and can include multiple network nodes with weights to simulate neurons in a human neural network. Multiple network nodes can exchange data according to their respective connections to simulate the synaptic activity of neurons exchanging signals through synapses. Here, the neural network can include a deep learning model developed from a neural network model. In a deep learning model, multiple network nodes can reside in different layers and exchange data according to convolutional connections.

[0266] AI processors may include data learning units for training neural networks for data classification / recognition. The data learning unit can classify the data to be used for learning and acquire training data. The data learning unit can train a deep learning model by applying the acquired training data. For example, the deep learning model can be trained through supervised or unsupervised learning. Furthermore, the data learning unit can train the deep learning model through reinforcement learning, utilizing feedback on whether the results determined based on the learning process are correct. For example, the data learning unit can classify received pilot segments as input layer data and, reflecting the size scaling factor in the known pilots, classify them as output layer data. The deep learning model can be trained based on the input and output layer data. Additionally, inference can be performed using the data portion of the received signal as input layer data based on the trained model.

[0267] The data learning unit can be generated and installed in the form of at least one hardware chip on an AI device. For example, the data learning unit can be generated as a dedicated hardware chip for artificial intelligence (AI), or it can be generated and installed in the AI ​​device as part of a general-purpose processor (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU). Furthermore, the data learning unit can be implemented as a software module. When implemented as a software module (or a program module including instructions), the software module can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. In this case, the at least one software module can be provided by an operating system or by an application.

[0268] For example, memory 2003 may include the memory of an AI device. The memory can store various programs and data required for the operation of the AI ​​device. The memory is accessed by the AI ​​processor, which can perform data reading / writing / modification / deletion / updating, etc. For example, a data learning unit can store in the memory a trained model associated with the input and output relationship information of the PA.

[0269] For example, the communication unit of an AI device can be included in transceiver 2001.

[0270] In the methods of this disclosure, some or all of the contents of each embodiment may be combined to implement them without departing from the basic spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0271] The embodiments described and illustrated in the specification and drawings are merely specific examples provided to facilitate the explanation of the technical content of this disclosure and to aid in understanding it, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. In other words, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations based on the technical concepts of this disclosure can be implemented.

[0272] Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been described and illustrated in the specification and drawings using specific terminology, these terms are used only in their general sense to readily explain the technical content of this disclosure and to aid in understanding it, and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations based on the technical concepts of this disclosure can be implemented in addition to the embodiments set forth herein.

Claims

1. A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Send a nonlinear measurement request message; Transmit at least one of a pilot signal or data; Receive a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or the data; as well as Based on information related to nonlinear measurement results, the MCS level of the modulation and coding schemes that can be supported is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Before sending the nonlinear measurement request message, it is identified that the digital predistortion (DPD) model for one or more power amplifiers (PAs) of the base station needs to be updated; as well as Based on predetermined rules, the maximum supported MCS level is determined according to the number of the one or more PAs.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Sending the nonlinear measurement request message includes: Based on at least one of the following: a polling scheme, random selection, the data to be transmitted, or the current channel conditions, determine one or more terminals that request nonlinear measurements; and The nonlinear measurement request message is sent to one or more terminals.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the pilot signal or the data is transmitted based on a predefined sequence or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or terminal-specific configuration information, or based on a predefined formula. The information related to the nonlinear measurement results includes at least one of the following: information directly indicating the degree of nonlinearity, information related to performance metrics based on the degree of nonlinearity, or information related to the maximum supported MCS level determined by the terminal. The supported MCS levels include: When information related to the nonlinear measurement results includes information related to performance measurement metrics, determine the MCS level that can be supported and mapped to the performance measurement metrics; and The supported MCS level is then adjusted based on the data transmission results.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Send a message requesting information on nonlinear measurement capabilities; as well as Receive a message that includes at least one of the following: information related to whether nonlinear measurement functionality is supported, terminal capability parameters related to at least one of the pilot signal or the data, or information related to the overhead required for nonlinear measurement.

6. A method performed by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: Receive nonlinear measurement request messages; Receive at least one of the pilot signal or data; as well as A nonlinear measurement report message is sent, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to the nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or the data. Among them, the information related to the nonlinear measurement results is associated with the MCS level of the modulation and coding schemes that the base station can support.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, At least one of the pilot signal or the data is received based on a predefined sequence or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or terminal-specific configuration information, or based on a predefined formula.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, Information related to nonlinear measurement results includes at least one of the following: information that directly indicates the degree of nonlinearity, information related to performance metrics based on the degree of nonlinearity, or information related to the maximum MCS level that can be supported as determined by the terminal.

9. A base station in a wireless communication system, the base station comprising: transceiver; as well as The controller is configured as follows: The transceiver is controlled to send a nonlinear measurement request message. Control the transceiver to transmit at least one of a pilot signal or data. The transceiver is controlled to receive a nonlinear measurement report message, the nonlinear measurement report message including information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or the data, and Based on information related to nonlinear measurement results, the MCS level of the modulation and coding schemes that can be supported is determined.

10. The base station according to claim 9, wherein, The controller is configured to: Before sending the nonlinear measurement request message, it is identified that the digital predistortion (DPD) model for one or more power amplifiers (PAs) of the base station needs to be updated; and Based on predetermined rules, the maximum supported MCS level is determined according to the number of the one or more PAs.

11. The base station according to claim 9, wherein, The controller is configured to: One or more terminals that request nonlinear measurements are determined based on at least one of the following: polling scheme, random selection, data to be transmitted, or current channel conditions. as well as The transceiver is controlled to send the nonlinear measurement request message to the one or more terminals.

12. The base station according to claim 9, wherein, At least one of the pilot signal or the data is transmitted based on a predefined sequence or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or terminal-specific configuration information, or based on a predefined formula. The information related to the nonlinear measurement results includes at least one of the following: information directly indicating the degree of nonlinearity, information related to performance metrics based on the degree of nonlinearity, or information related to the maximum supported MCS level determined by the terminal. The controller is configured as follows: When information related to the nonlinear measurement results includes information related to performance measurement metrics, determine the MCS level that can be supported and mapped to the performance measurement metrics; and The supported MCS level is then adjusted based on the data transmission results.

13. The base station according to claim 9, wherein, The controller is configured to: The transceiver is controlled to send a message requesting nonlinear measurement-related capability information; and The transceiver is controlled to receive messages including at least one of the following: information related to whether nonlinear measurement functions are supported, terminal capability parameters related to at least one of the pilot signal or the data, or information related to the overhead required for nonlinear measurement.

14. A terminal in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising: transceiver; as well as The controller is configured as follows: The transceiver is controlled to receive nonlinear measurement request messages. Control the transceiver to receive at least one of a pilot signal or data, and The transceiver is controlled to send a nonlinear measurement report message, which includes information related to nonlinear measurement results based on at least one of the pilot signal or the data. Among them, the information related to the nonlinear measurement results is associated with the MCS level of the modulation and coding schemes that the base station can support.

15. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein, At least one of the pilot signal or the data is received based on a predefined sequence or predefined time-frequency resources, based on cell-specific or terminal-specific configuration information, or based on a predefined formula. The information relating to the nonlinear measurement results includes at least one of the following: information that directly indicates the degree of nonlinearity, information relating to performance metrics based on the degree of nonlinearity, or information relating to the maximum MCS level that the terminal can support.

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