Position prediction method, device, equipment, chip and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a position prediction method, device, equipment, chip and computer readable storage medium, the method comprises: receiving first configuration information; wherein, the first configuration information is used to indicate that the terminal utilizes K first measurement results corresponding to K first time points respectively to perform position prediction; based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results corresponding to the K first time points respectively, determine the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to M second time points respectively; wherein, the K first measurement results corresponding to the K first time points respectively are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to the K first time points respectively; the first prediction result is related to the position information of the terminal; the second time is a future time after the first time; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In this way, the position prediction capability of the terminal is improved, thereby improving the accuracy of the terminal equipment using downlink transmission to predict the position of the terminal at the second time.

Description

Position prediction method, device, equipment, chip and computer-readable storage medium Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and specifically to a location prediction method, apparatus, device, chip, and computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In current terminal positioning solutions, the terminal's location can be determined using a number of traditional positioning methods. For example, the terminal can directly calculate its own position; or the terminal can report measurement results to the network device's Location Management Function (LMF), which then calculates the terminal's position based on the collected measurement results; or the network device can report measurement results of multiple Transmission Reception Points (TRPs) to the LMF, which then calculates the terminal's position based on the collected measurement results.

[0003] Related technologies typically use algorithms to estimate a terminal's current location. However, due to the mobility of terminal devices, especially in high-speed scenarios, the terminal's location changes rapidly. Estimating only the terminal's current location is not conducive to advance deployment planning. Therefore, current terminal positioning solutions have low accuracy in predicting the terminal's future location.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a location prediction method, apparatus, device, chip, and computer-readable storage medium, which can improve the accuracy of predicting the location of a terminal device.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction method, applied to a terminal, the method comprising:

[0007] Receive first configuration information; wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0008] Based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, determining the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to M second moments, respectively; wherein,

[0009] The first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the first prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0010] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction method, applied to a second network device, the method comprising:

[0011] Receive second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to use the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0012] Based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments are determined; wherein,

[0013] The second measurement result corresponding to each of the K first moments is obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the second prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction method, applied to a first network device, the method comprising:

[0015] Determine configuration information; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to use the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0016] Based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, a prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments is determined; wherein,

[0017] The measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction device, applied to a terminal, the device comprising:

[0019] A first acquisition unit is configured to receive first configuration information; wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to perform position prediction using first measurement results corresponding to each of K first moments;

[0020] The first determining unit is configured to determine the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; wherein,

[0021] The first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the first prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0022] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction device, applied to a second network device, the device comprising:

[0023] A second acquisition unit is configured to receive second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to use the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0024] The second determining unit is configured to determine the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to the K first moments; wherein,

[0025] The second measurement result corresponding to each of the K first moments is obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the second prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0026] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a location prediction device, applied to a first network device, the device comprising:

[0027] A third determining unit is configured to determine configuration information; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to perform position prediction using the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments;

[0028] Based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, a prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments is determined; wherein,

[0029] The measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0030] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, the communication device comprising:

[0031] memory for storing computer programs;

[0032] a processor, connected to the memory, and configured to call and execute the computer program from the memory to implement the method according to any one of the first to third aspects;

[0033] The transceiver is used to receive and send signals when sending and receiving information with other external network elements.

[0034] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, comprising:

[0035] memory for storing computer programs;

[0036] A processor, connected to the memory, configured to call and execute a computer program from the memory, so that a device equipped with the chip executes the method according to any one of the first to third aspects;

[0037] A transceiver is used to receive and send signals when sending and receiving information between a device or chip.

[0038] In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which implements the method described in any one of the first to third aspects when the computer program is executed by at least one processor.

[0039] Embodiments of the present application provide a location prediction method, apparatus, device, chip, and computer-readable storage medium. On a terminal side, first configuration information is received; the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to perform location prediction using first measurement results corresponding to each of K first moments; based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of M second moments are determined; the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the first prediction results are related to the terminal's location information; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the terminal obtains K first measurement results by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals between the terminal and a second network device corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the terminal can predict the terminal's location information at the second moment based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the terminal's positioning accuracy and location prediction capabilities, enabling the terminal to effectively track and locate the terminal's movement trajectory, thereby improving the accuracy of the terminal's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using downlink transmission.

[0040] Similarly, on a second network device side, second configuration information is received; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to perform location prediction using second measurement results corresponding to each of K first moments; based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of M second moments are determined; wherein the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the second prediction results are related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; and K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the second network device obtains K second measurement results by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals between the second network device and the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the second network device can predict the location information of the terminal at the second moment based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the positioning accuracy and location prediction capability of the second network device, enabling the second network device to effectively track and locate the movement trajectory of the terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of the second network device's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using uplink transmission.

[0041] Similarly, on the first network device side, configuration information is determined; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to use K measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments to perform location prediction; based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, prediction results for the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are determined; wherein the K measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the prediction results are related to the terminal's location information; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the first network device obtains K measurement results by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the first network device can predict the terminal's location information at the second moment based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the positioning accuracy and location prediction capabilities of the first network device, enabling the first network device to effectively track and locate the terminal device's movement trajectory, thereby improving the accuracy of the first network device's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using uplink transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the specification, serve to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other drawings from these drawings.

[0043] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not necessarily include all contents and operations / steps, nor must they be executed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps may be decomposed, while others may be combined or partially combined. Therefore, the actual execution order may vary depending on the actual situation.

[0044] FIG1 is a first application scenario diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG2 is a second application scenario diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional neuron provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional deep neural network provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional convolutional neural network provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional long short-term memory artificial neural network provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG7 is a first flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an optional downlink-based positioning method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG9 is a first interactive diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG10 is a second interactive diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG11 is a second flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an optional uplink-based positioning method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG13 is a third interactive diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG14 is a third flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG15 is a fourth interactive diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG16 is a fifth interactive diagram of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG17 is a fourth flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG18 is a fifth flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG19 is a sixth flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG20 is a seventh flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing the first structural composition of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG22 is a second schematic diagram of the structural composition of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG23 is a third schematic diagram of the structure of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG24 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an optional communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an optional chip provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an optional communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] In order to enable a more detailed understanding of the features and technical contents of the embodiments of the present application, the implementation of the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The attached drawings are for reference only and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0071] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0072] In the following description, reference is made to “some embodiments”, which describes a subset of all possible embodiments, but it will be understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0073] It should also be pointed out that the terms "first\second\third" involved in the embodiments of the present application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It can be understood that "first\second\third" can be interchanged with a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here.

[0074] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application.

[0075] As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include a terminal (such as the terminal 110 in Figure 1) and a network device (such as the network device 120, the network device 130, and the network device 140 in Figure 1). The network device can communicate with the terminal through the air interface. Exemplarily, the network device 120, the network device 130, and the network device 140 may be located in different cells, or in other words, may serve different cells. For example, in the communication system 100, the network device 120 is located in cell #1, the network device 130 is located in cell #2, and the network device 130 is located in cell #3. Among them, the terminal 110 may be located in one or more cells. For example, in the communication system 100, the terminal 110 is located in cell #1. In this scenario, cell #1 is the serving cell of the terminal 110, and cell #2 and cell #3 are non-serving cells of the terminal 110. In one example, the network device may be, for example, a TRP, an antenna node AP, or a base station.

[0076] In Figure 1, the union of the beams (pairs) represented by the solid line and the dotted line is the full set of beams (pairs) between each cell and the terminal. The beams (pairs) represented by the solid line are the beams (pairs) that the terminal or network equipment needs to measure, and the beams (pairs) represented by the dotted line are the beams (pairs) that the terminal or network equipment does not need to measure but belong to the full set of beams (pairs).

[0077] It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are only illustrative of the communication system 100, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. That is, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Internet of Things (IoT) system, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) system, 5G communication system (also known as New Radio (NR) communication system), or future communication systems.

[0078] In the communication system 100 shown in Figure 1, network devices (such as network devices 120, 130, and 140) may be access network devices that communicate with terminals (such as terminal 110). Access network devices may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area and may communicate with terminals (such as UEs) located within the coverage area.

[0079] In some embodiments, the network device may be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN) device, or a gNB in ​​an NR system, or a wireless controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN), or the network device may be a macro base station, a micro base station (also known as a small station), a satellite, a Radio Network Controller (RNC), a Node B (NB), a Base Station Controller (BSC), a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., Home Evolved NodeB, or Home Node B, HNB), a Baseband Unit (BBU), an Access Point (AP) in a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) system, a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, a Transmission Point (TP) or a Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), etc. The network device may also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a hub, a switch, a bridge, a router, or a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN).

[0080] In some embodiments, the terminal may be any terminal device, including but not limited to a terminal device connected to a network device or other terminal device by wire or wireless connection.

[0081] In some embodiments, a terminal may refer to an access terminal, a user equipment (UE), a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent, or a user device. An access terminal may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, an IoT device, a satellite handheld terminal, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future evolution network, etc.

[0082] In some embodiments, the terminal may be used for device-to-device (D2D) communication.

[0083] It should be understood that the specific forms of the terminals and network devices in the embodiments of the present application are not particularly limited and are merely illustrative.

[0084] In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 100 may further include a core network device (not shown in FIG1 ) that communicates with the network device. The core network device may be a 5G core network (5G Core, 5GC) device, such as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), an Authentication Server Function (AUSF), a User Plane Function (UPF), or a Session Management Function (SMF). Optionally, the core network device may also be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) device of an LTE network, such as a Session Management Function + Core Packet Gateway (SMF+PGW-C) device. It should be understood that SMF+PGW-C can simultaneously implement the functions that can be implemented by SMF and PGW-C. During the network evolution process, the above-mentioned core network device may also be called other names, or a new network entity may be formed by dividing the functions of the core network, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] In some embodiments, various functional units in the communication system 100 may also establish connections through next generation (NG) network interfaces to achieve communication.

[0086] In some embodiments, the terminal device establishes an air interface connection with the access network device through the NR interface for transmitting user plane data and control plane signaling; the terminal device can establish a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the NG interface 1 (referred to as N1); the access network device, such as the next generation wireless access base station (gNB), can establish a user plane data connection with the UPF through the NG interface 3 (referred to as N3); the access network device can establish a control plane signaling connection with the AMF through the NG interface 2 (referred to as N2); the UPF can establish a control plane signaling connection with the SMF through the NG interface 4 (referred to as N4); the UPF can exchange user plane data with the data network through the NG interface 6 (referred to as N6); the AMF can establish a control plane signaling connection with the SMF through the NG interface 11 (referred to as N11); the SMF can establish a control plane signaling connection with the PCF through the NG interface 7 (referred to as N7).

[0087] FIG1 exemplarily shows three network devices and one terminal. Optionally, the wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network devices and each network device may include other numbers of terminals within its coverage area, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0088] It should be noted that Figure 1 is merely an example of a system applicable to this application. Of course, the methods described in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other systems. Furthermore, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably herein. The term "and / or" herein simply describes an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship. It should also be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association relationship. For example, "A indicates B" can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that A and B have an association relationship. It should also be understood that the "correspondence" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can mean that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between two objects, or that there is an association relationship between the two objects, or a relationship between an indicator and the indicated, a configuration and the configured, and so on. It should also be understood that the “predefined” or “predefined rules” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in devices (for example, including terminal devices and network devices), and the present application does not limit its specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol. It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communications, such as LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols used in future communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.

[0089] It should be noted that the "beam (pair)" in the embodiments of the present application can refer to a beam, including a transmit beam or a receive beam, or a beam pair, such as a transmit beam and a receive beam. The meaning of "beam (pair)" can apply to both uplink and downlink transmission. In the embodiments of the present application, a "beam (pair)" can also be referred to as a spatial filter.

[0090] In the current protocol, the current position of the terminal device can be located by traditional positioning methods, or the current protocol stipulates that the current position of the terminal device can be further estimated by a neural network model. As shown in the application scenario of the position prediction method in Figure 2, it can be seen that the terminal (UE) will pass through different cells during the movement, and different cells include multiple TRPs, such as TRP1 and TRP2, TRP2 and TRP3, TRP4 and TRP5, TRPX and TRPX+1. Due to the mobility of the terminal device, especially in high-speed scenarios, the position of the terminal device changes very quickly. Estimating only the current position may be far from the position at the next moment, which is not conducive to advance planning and deployment, such as planning some configuration information related to the terminal position in advance. Therefore, the current related technology does not discuss how to use the neural network model to predict the position of the terminal device at the future moment.

[0091] In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a location prediction method, apparatus, device, chip, and computer-readable storage medium.

[0092] Embodiments of the present application provide a location prediction method, apparatus, device, chip, and computer-readable storage medium. On a terminal side, first configuration information is received; the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to perform location prediction using first measurement results corresponding to each of K first moments; based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of M second moments are determined; the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the first prediction results are related to the terminal's location information; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the terminal obtains K first measurement results by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals between the terminal and a second network device corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the terminal can predict the terminal's location information at the second moment based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the terminal's positioning accuracy and location prediction capabilities, enabling the terminal to effectively track and locate the terminal's movement trajectory, thereby improving the accuracy of the terminal's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using downlink transmission.

[0093] Similarly, on a second network device side, second configuration information is received; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to perform location prediction using second measurement results corresponding to each of K first moments; based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of M second moments are determined; wherein the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the second prediction results are related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; and K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the second network device obtains K second measurement results by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals between the second network device and the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the second network device can predict the location information of the terminal at the second moment based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the positioning accuracy and location prediction capability of the second network device, enabling the second network device to effectively track and locate the movement trajectory of the terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of the second network device's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using uplink transmission.

[0094] Similarly, on the first network device side, configuration information is determined; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to use K measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments to perform location prediction; based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, prediction results for the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are determined; wherein the K measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the prediction results are related to the terminal's location information; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. In the above process, the first network device obtains K measurement results by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments, so that the first network device can predict the terminal's location information at the second moment based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments. This helps improve the positioning accuracy and location prediction capabilities of the first network device, enabling the first network device to effectively track and locate the terminal device's movement trajectory, thereby improving the accuracy of the first network device's prediction of the terminal's location information at the second moment using uplink transmission.

[0095] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below. The following relevant technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0096] 1. Neural Network (NN) and Machine Learning (ML)

[0097] 1) Neuronal structure

[0098] A neural network is a computational model consisting of multiple interconnected neuron nodes. The connections between the nodes represent the weighted values ​​from the input signal to the output signal, which are called weights. Each node performs a weighted summation of different input signals and outputs them through a specific activation function. The neuron structure is shown in Figure 3, where a1, a2, ..., a n and 1 are the inputs of neurons, w1, w2, ..., w n and b represent weights, Sum represents the summation function, f represents the activation function, and t is the output result.

[0099] Specifically, a neuron consists of at least the following structures: input, weights, a summator, an activation function, a bias, and an output. Neurons receive information from other neurons or external inputs. These inputs are assigned weights that represent their relative importance. Each input is associated with a weight that adjusts its influence. The larger the weight, the greater the influence of the input on the neuron. The input and its corresponding weight are fed into the summator, which calculates their weighted sum. The summation result is passed through an activation function, such as Sigmoid or Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), to produce the neuron's output. Activation functions introduce nonlinearity, enabling neural networks to learn complex patterns. In addition to weights and inputs, neurons also have a bias term that adjusts the summation result. The bias allows the neuron to learn outputs that deviate from zero. The output of the activation function is the neuron's final output, which is passed to subsequent neurons or serves as the output of the entire neural network. In a neural network, many such neurons are connected to form a network. The weights of these connections can be adjusted through the training process, where the neural network learns to adapt to the input data and produce useful output. The number of layers and structure of a neural network vary depending on the task. For example, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) has multiple hidden layers.

[0100] 2) Deep Neural Network (DNN)

[0101] Figure 4 shows a simple deep neural network (also called a fully connected model). The neural network includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. Through different connection methods of multiple neurons, combined with different weights and activation functions, different outputs can be generated, thereby fitting the mapping relationship from input to output. Exemplarily, each upper-level node can be connected to all of its lower-level nodes to form a fully connected model. In an embodiment of the present application, the NN model can be used to predict the location information of a terminal.

[0102] Specifically, DNN models have multiple hidden layers to learn a multi-level feature representation of input data. These networks typically contain many neurons and a large number of weight parameters, enabling them to model complex nonlinear relationships and features. DNNs consist of multiple layers, including an input layer, multiple hidden layers, and an output layer. Each hidden layer contains multiple neurons, connected to the previous and next layers via weights. This multi-layered structure allows the network to learn hierarchical feature representations, with each hidden layer capturing features at different levels of abstraction in the input data, enabling the network to learn more complex patterns. DNNs use training data to learn weight parameters so that the network's output is tailored to the given task. The training process typically uses a backpropagation algorithm to adjust the weights by minimizing a loss function. Each neuron typically uses a nonlinear activation function, such as Sigmoid or ReLU, introducing nonlinear properties that enable the network to learn and represent more complex functions. DNN models typically require a large amount of labeled data for training and powerful computing resources for efficient weight updates. Common deep learning architectures include multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). These network architectures have demonstrated strong expressive power and learning capabilities across various tasks.

[0103] 3) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

[0104] Figure 5 shows a convolutional neural network. As shown in Figure 5, the basic structure of a convolutional neural network includes: an input layer, multiple convolutional layers, multiple pooling layers, a fully connected layer, and an output layer. Each neuron of the convolution kernel in the convolution layer is locally connected to its input, and by introducing a pooling layer to extract the local maximum or average value features of a certain layer, the network parameters can be effectively reduced, and local features can be mined, so that the convolutional neural network can converge quickly and obtain excellent performance. In an embodiment of the present application, the CNN model can replace the DNN model for predicting the location information of the terminal.

[0105] Specifically, the key feature of the CNN model is its use of convolutional layers to capture local features of the input data. Weight sharing and pooling layers reduce the number of parameters, making it highly effective at processing structured data such as images. The convolutional layer is a core component of the CNN. It extracts local features by sliding a convolutional kernel (filter) over the input data through a convolution operation, helping the network capture spatial structure in the input. A convolution kernel is a set of weights used to perform the convolution operation, which can detect specific features in the input, such as edges and textures. Through training, the network learns appropriate convolution kernel weights. A nonlinear activation function, such as ReLU, is typically used after the convolutional layer to introduce nonlinearity. Pooling layers are used to reduce the spatial dimensionality of the feature map, reducing computational overhead and extracting more significant features. Common pooling operations include max pooling and average pooling. A fully connected layer may exist between the convolutional layer and the output layer to aggregate high-level features and connect to the final output layer. The output layer typically uses a softmax activation function to generate a probability distribution for classification problems.

[0106] 4) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)

[0107] A recurrent neural network is a type of neural network that models sequential data and has achieved remarkable results in the field of natural language processing, such as machine translation and speech recognition. Specifically, the network memorizes information from past moments and uses it in the calculation of the current output, that is, the nodes between the hidden layers are no longer disconnected but connected, and the input of the hidden layer includes not only the input layer but also the output of the hidden layer at the previous moment. Common recurrent neural networks include structures such as long-short term memory artificial neural networks (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU). As shown in Figure 6, a basic LSTM unit structure is usually used, which usually uses a nonlinear activation function, such as tanh, to introduce the nonlinearity of the network. Unlike RNN, which only considers the most recent state, the state of LSTM determines which states should be retained and which states should be forgotten, solving the defects of traditional RNN in long-term memory. In the embodiment of the present application, similarly, the RNN model can replace the DNN model to predict the location information of the terminal.

[0108] Specifically, the RNN model includes recurrent connections, allowing previous information to be passed from the current time step to the next time step. This structure enables the RNN to process relationships between different time steps. The RNN has a hidden state at each time step, which contains information from past time steps and can be considered the network's memory. The hidden state is updated at each time step based on the current input and the hidden state from the previous time step. The weights in the RNN are shared across different time steps, allowing the network to process sequences of different lengths. For example, the LSTM and GRU structures, by introducing gating mechanisms, help better capture long-term dependencies and improve network performance.

[0109] 5) Model acquisition

[0110] An NN model can be trained through the processes of data set construction, training, verification and testing. In the embodiments of the present application, it is assumed that the NN models have been trained in advance through offline training or online training. It should be noted that offline training and online training are not mutually exclusive. For example, the NW can first obtain a static training result through offline training of the data set, and this process can be called offline training. During the use of the NN by the NW or UE, as the UE further measures and / or reports, the NN model can continue to collect more data and perform real-time online training to optimize the parameters of the NN model, thereby achieving better inference and prediction results.

[0111] 2. Traditional positioning technology

[0112] 1) UE-based positioning method (terminal direct positioning method): The terminal directly calculates the position of the target user equipment (UE).

[0113] Specifically, the target UE collects its own measurement data, which may include received signal strength, time difference measurement, angle information, etc., depending on the available sensors and measurement methods. In addition, the target UE can use some auxiliary information, such as map data, location information of nearby base stations, etc., to improve the accuracy of positioning. The target UE uses the collected measurement data and auxiliary information to calculate its own position through certain algorithms or models, which may involve signal propagation models, triangulation, Doppler effect and other technologies. The calculated position information is output as a result and used for positioning the target UE. The advantage of the UE-based positioning method is its decentralization. The terminal device can independently estimate its position without excessive network participation.

[0114] 2) UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning method (terminal assisted / LMF assisted positioning method)

[0115] UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning is a collaborative positioning method in which the terminal equipment (UE) obtains its own location information through measurement data and then transmits these measurement results to the location management function (LMF). The LMF uses the collected measurement results and combines them with other information to calculate the location of the target UE.

[0116] Specifically, the terminal equipment (UE) uses its own sensors (such as GPS, Wi-Fi signal strength, Bluetooth signal strength, etc.) to perform location-related measurements and record the measurement results. The UE reports the measured location-related data to the location management function (LMF) in the network, for example, via a wireless communication link (such as 4G or 5G networks). The location management function (LMF) receives and collects measurement data from multiple UEs, which may include information such as the location of the receiving point and the signal propagation model. The LMF uses the collected measurement results and possible auxiliary information to calculate the location of the target UE using a specific positioning algorithm or model. For example, it may include collaborative positioning of multiple UEs, because the measurement results of multiple UEs can provide more information. The LMF calculates the location information of the target UE and feeds the result back to the UE or other components that need this information. The advantage of UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning methods is that they combine information from the terminal device and network infrastructure to improve the accuracy and robustness of terminal positioning.

[0117] 3) NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) node-assisted positioning method

[0118] NG-RAN node-assisted positioning is a network-assisted positioning method. In this method, the base station (Node) measures the Transmission Reception Point (TRP) information and reports the measurement results to the Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF then calculates the target UE's location based on the collected measurement results.

[0119] Specifically, the Transmission Reception Point (TRP) performs measurements on the target UE, which may involve location-related information such as received signal strength, time difference measurement, and Doppler effect. The base station reports the location-related data obtained by the TRP measurements to the Location Management Function (LMF) in the network, which may be carried out through the network's signaling channel. The Location Management Function (LMF) receives and aggregates measurement data from multiple TRPs. This data may include information such as the TRP's location and signal propagation model. The LMF uses the collected measurement results and possible auxiliary information to calculate the location of the target UE using a specific positioning algorithm or model. For example, this may include collaborative positioning of multiple TRPs to provide more accurate location information. The LMF calculates the location information of the target UE and feeds the results back to the corresponding components in the network, which may include the base station, core network, etc. The node-assisted positioning method can improve the accuracy and reliability of positioning by utilizing the measurement data of multiple TRPs in the network and combining it with information about the network infrastructure.

[0120] In traditional positioning methods, for different approaches, the UE or LMF applies traditional algorithms, such as the Chan algorithm and Taylor expansion, to estimate the terminal device's location. The Chan algorithm is a positioning algorithm used in wireless communication systems, typically for time of arrival (TOA)-based positioning. It measures the signal's propagation time to calculate distance and, in turn, estimate location. The Taylor expansion is a mathematical method that can be used to approximate complex functions. In the positioning field, the Taylor expansion can be used to map measurement data to the terminal device's location based on a signal propagation model. Triangulation is a positioning method based on trigonometric principles, often used based on signal strength or arrival time measurements from multiple base stations. By calculating the distances from multiple base stations to the terminal device, triangulation can be used to calculate the device's location. The least squares method is a common mathematical optimization method used for model fitting and parameter estimation. In positioning, the least squares method can be used to optimize model parameters to fit observed measurement data to estimate location. Weighted averaging is often used to process multiple measurement results, where each measurement is weighted based on its reliability, which can be used to reduce the impact of noise on positioning results.

[0121] To support various positioning methods, the protocol version R16NR introduced the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) and the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) for positioning, aiming to support various positioning methods and improve the accuracy and reliability of positioning.

[0122] The PRS is typically sent by the base station to the user equipment (UE). It provides a reference signal on the downlink to help the UE estimate its position. The UE can calculate its own position by measuring PRS signals from different base stations. The SRS is typically sent by the UE to the base station. In scenarios supporting positioning services, the SRS can be configured as a sounding reference signal for UE position estimation. The base station can use the SRS information received from multiple UEs to calculate the UE's position. Specifically, the Positioning Reference Signal is a signal introduced in the downlink specifically to support positioning. The PRS typically has a special signal structure that makes it easy to identify and process at the receiving end. Terminal devices can use the received PRS to measure their position, for example, by measuring the time of arrival (TOA). The introduction of the PRS aims to provide an accurate and reliable positioning signal. The SRS is a reference signal used in the uplink, while the SRS signal used for positioning is a variant of the SRS specifically used for positioning. By transmitting the SRS signal for positioning, terminal devices can provide location-related information, such as received signal strength and Doppler effect. The base station can use this information for positioning calculations. The introduction of SRS signals for positioning enables the network to obtain more information about the location of the terminal device, thereby improving the accuracy of positioning.

[0123] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above related technologies can be combined arbitrarily with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as optional solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments of the present application include at least part of the following contents.

[0124] FIG7 is a flowchart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method is applied to a terminal. The method may include S101 to S102:

[0125] S101, receiving first configuration information; wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct a terminal to perform position prediction using first measurement results corresponding to K first moments.

[0126] The terminal location prediction method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used to implement NR-based positioning functions. The interaction scenario mainly involves the following three parts:

[0127] 1) Terminal (UE)

[0128] 2) Multiple network transmit and receive points (TRPs)

[0129] It should be noted that TRP is also referred to as the second network device below, or it can also be understood as TRP being an implementation of the second network device.

[0130] In some embodiments, multiple TRPs around the terminal participate in cellular positioning. A base station may be a TRP, and there may be multiple TRPs under a base station. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0131] In some embodiments, multiple TRPs are distributed in the cellular network, covering different geographical areas. The TRPs can be different base stations or multiple receiving points under one base station.

[0132] 3) Location Server

[0133] In some embodiments, the positioning server is a software or logical entity that executes a location management function (LMF) in the network. The positioning server is responsible for the entire positioning process and often includes a location management function (LMF).

[0134] It should be noted that the positioning server or LMF is also referred to as the first network device below.

[0135] In the embodiment of the present application, the position prediction method applied to the terminal is also referred to as a downlink-based positioning method, wherein the downlink-based positioning method is divided into the following two cases:

[0136] Case 1: UE-assisted positioning method

[0137] In this case, the terminal device (UE) plays an active role in the positioning process. The terminal-assisted positioning method is mainly divided into two main steps: the terminal device is responsible for performing positioning-related measurements, and then reporting the measurement results to the network, and the network side (the first network device) calculates the terminal's location information.

[0138] Specifically, the terminal device performs measurements by receiving positioning reference signals (PRS, etc.) from surrounding base stations or transmission receiving points (second network devices). These measurements may include signal strength, arrival time, Doppler effect, etc. The terminal reports the measurement results to the network, for example, by sending a measurement report or other specified signaling to the base station. After the base station or positioning server receives the measurement results reported by the terminal, it uses these results to calculate the position of the terminal device. This process involves the coordination of multiple measurement points and the use of various positioning algorithms to estimate the terminal position. After the calculation is completed, the network will feed back the obtained terminal location information to the terminal device or other related network components for subsequent application or service use.

[0139] It should be understood that terminal-assisted positioning methods allow terminal devices to participate more actively in the positioning process, providing more location measurement data, which helps improve positioning accuracy and robustness. At the same time, it is also necessary to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the measurement results to ensure that the ultimately calculated location information is reliable.

[0140] Case 2: Direct terminal positioning method

[0141] In this case, the terminal equipment (UE) performs positioning-related measurements on its own and then calculates its own position based on these measurement results. This approach emphasizes the initiative and autonomy of the terminal equipment.

[0142] Specifically, the terminal device measures its own position by receiving positioning reference signals (PRS, etc.) from surrounding base stations or transmission reception points. For example, the measurements may include signal strength, arrival time, Doppler effect, etc. Based on the measurement results, the terminal device uses internal algorithms or models to calculate its position. This may involve fusing multiple measurement points and using techniques such as triangulation to estimate its own position. After the terminal device completes the calculation, it obtains its own position information, which can be used by applications or services in various positioning-related scenarios, such as navigation and location-based services.

[0143] It should be understood that terminal-direct positioning methods emphasize the initiative and autonomy of terminal devices during the positioning process, allowing them to more flexibly respond to different positioning requirements. However, this also requires the terminal devices to have certain computing and measurement capabilities and to be able to effectively process and fuse multi-source measurement data to obtain accurate location information.

[0144] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG8 , taking the terminal-assisted downlink-based positioning method as an example, the interaction process between the terminal, the first network device (such as LMF) and the second network device (such as TRP) may include the following steps:

[0145] Step 1: The positioning server (LMF) notifies the TRP of relevant configurations.

[0146] In some embodiments, the positioning server notifies the Transmission Reception Point (TRP) of relevant configuration information (i.e., configuration information). This configuration information may include the configuration of the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) and the type of measurement results that the terminal needs to report. The purpose of the configuration is to ensure that the network and the terminal device use consistent parameters during the positioning process.

[0147] Step 2: TRP sends a positioning signal PRS.

[0148] In some embodiments, based on the configuration of the positioning server, the TRP sends a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) to the terminal device. The PRS is a signal specifically designed for positioning, with special timing and frequency characteristics that the terminal can identify and measure.

[0149] Step 3: The terminal receives the positioning signal PRS and performs measurement.

[0150] In some embodiments, the terminal device receives a PRS from a TRP. Depending on the requirements of the positioning method, the terminal performs measurements, which may include signal strength measurement, arrival time measurement, etc. Different positioning methods may require different types of measurement results.

[0151] Step 4: The terminal feeds back the measurement results to the positioning server.

[0152] In some embodiments, the terminal feeds back the measurement result to the positioning server through the base station. This can be done by the base station sending a corresponding measurement report or other designated signaling.

[0153] Step 5: The positioning server calculates the location-related information.

[0154] In some embodiments, after receiving the measurement results reported by the terminal, the positioning server uses these results to calculate the location of the terminal device. The calculation process may include coordinating the measurement information of multiple TRPs and using a positioning algorithm to estimate the terminal location.

[0155] It should be understood that in the above process, the positioning server plays a role in coordination and calculation, while the terminal device is responsible for receiving positioning signals and providing measurement results. The entire process requires ensuring that the communication protocols and configurations between the network and the terminal are consistent to ensure accurate positioning calculations.

[0156] It should be noted that the above-mentioned terminal-assisted downlink positioning method is only an example. For the terminal-direct positioning method, the terminal directly calculates the location-related information based on the measurement results, without reporting the measurement results to the positioning server. Then, this network element performs the calculation. In other words, the terminal needs to know the location information corresponding to the TRP, so the network needs to notify the UE of the location information corresponding to the TRP in advance.

[0157] It should be understood that with terminal-direct positioning, the terminal device (UE) calculates location-related information directly from measurement results, without reporting these results to a positioning server for further calculation. This method is characterized by the terminal device performing location calculations locally, reducing network reliance and communication overhead.

[0158] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal measures one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments respectively sent by the second network device, and obtains first measurement results corresponding to K first moments respectively.

[0159] In the embodiment of the present application, the first moment can be understood as a historical moment, or one of a series of past moments. Accordingly, the first downlink reference signal can be understood as a downlink reference signal corresponding to the historical moment.

[0160] It should be noted that the first moment includes the current moment.

[0161] In the embodiment of the present application, the second moment can be understood as a future moment, or one of a series of future moments. The second moment is any moment after the first moment. Accordingly, the second downlink reference signal can be understood as a downlink reference signal corresponding to the future moment.

[0162] In the embodiment of the present application, K first moments correspond to one or more first downlink reference signals. K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Exemplarily, K is 1, 2, 3, and so on.

[0163] Exemplarily, the terminal receives one or more first downlink reference signals at the 1st first moment, the terminal receives one or more first downlink reference signals at the 2nd first moment, and so on, the terminal receives one or more first downlink reference signals at the Kth first moment.

[0164] It should be noted that the first first moment, the second first moment, ..., the Kth first moment correspond to different historical moments. For example, the first first moment is 1:30, the second first moment is 1:40, the third first moment is 1:50, and so on, and the Kth first moment is 2:00.

[0165] In addition, the one or more first downlink reference signals received at different first moments are different. For example, the one or more first downlink reference signals received by the terminal at the first first moment are different from the one or more first downlink reference signals received at the second first moment.

[0166] In the embodiment of the present application, M second moments correspond to one or more second downlink reference signals. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Exemplarily, M is 1, 2, 3, and so on.

[0167] Exemplarily, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second downlink reference signals at the first second moment, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second downlink reference signals at the second second moment, and so on, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second downlink reference signals at the Mth second moment.

[0168] It should be noted that the first second moment, the second second moment, ..., the Mth second moment correspond to different future moments. For example, the first second moment is 2:30, the second second moment is 2:40, the third second moment is 2:50, and so on, and the Mth second moment is 3:00.

[0169] In addition, the one or more second downlink reference signals received at different second moments predicted by the terminal are different. For example, the one or more second downlink reference signals received by the terminal at the first second moment are different from the one or more second downlink reference signals received at the second second moment.

[0170] In an embodiment of the present application, K first moments correspond to K first measurement results, that is, each first moment corresponds to a first measurement result. The K first measurement results are used to predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments, that is, each second moment corresponds to the location information of a terminal. Among them, K and M can be the same or different. Exemplarily, the three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the six second moments. The three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can also predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the two second moments. The three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the three second moments. In other words, the terminal predicts the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on a comprehensive consideration of the K first measurement results. There is no absolute quantitative correspondence between the K first measurement results and the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments (that is, the location information of the M terminals).

[0171] S102. Determine, based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to the received K first moments; the first prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0172] In some embodiments of the present application, the location prediction method further includes S301 to S302:

[0173] S301, obtain first configuration information; wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use K first measurement results to perform position prediction.

[0174] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal receives first configuration information sent by the LMF (first network device).

[0175] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal first parses the received first configuration information. The information may include parameters of the prediction model, model type, prediction time interval, etc. Based on the information obtained from the analysis, the terminal configures a corresponding location prediction model, such as an AI / ML-based model, which is used to predict the future terminal location based on historical measurement results. The terminal uses the configured prediction model in combination with the K first measurement results to predict the location. The predicted results may include information such as the location coordinates, speed, and direction of the terminal at the future moment. By using the K first measurement results, the terminal's prediction model can learn the pattern of historical location changes and thereby improve the accuracy of future locations, which helps to adapt to the location changes of the terminal device in different scenarios and mobile states. In general, the terminal receives the first configuration information sent by the LMF and uses the K first measurement results to predict the location, which helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of location prediction while reducing dependence on the network.

[0176] In some embodiments of the present application, the first configuration information includes one or more of the following: first indication information, second indication information, and third indication information; wherein,

[0177] The first indication information is used to indicate time configuration information of M second moments;

[0178] The second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0179] The third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0180] In this embodiment of the present application, the first indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments. This may include the system frame number, time slot number, and UTC time. This information provides the terminal with the time reference required for position prediction at future moments. The system frame number and time slot number allow the terminal to accurately determine the moment, while UTC time provides global standard time information.

[0181] In this embodiment of the present application, the second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the terminal may need to consider the beam information of the downlink reference signal. Beam information can provide more accurate positioning data. Considering the beam shape may help improve positioning accuracy, especially in complex wireless environments.

[0182] In this embodiment of the present application, the third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict a first probability value for the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the terminal may not only predict the terminal's location but also output a probability value for the location prediction. Such a probability value can be used to indicate the confidence level in the location prediction, helping the network better account for uncertainty in its decision-making.

[0183] In the embodiment of the present application, the first configuration information may be the following:

[0184] Case 1: First indication information;

[0185] Case 2: first indication information + second indication information;

[0186] Case 3: first indication information + third indication information;

[0187] Case 4: first indication information + second indication information + third indication information.

[0188] It is understandable that the first indication information provides the time configuration information of the M second moments, so that the terminal can perform position prediction at an accurate time point. The second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the terminal can consider the beam information of the downlink reference signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the position prediction. The third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments. This is crucial for uncertainty management in the network decision-making process. By providing a probability value, the terminal can convey the confidence level about the position prediction and help the network better understand the reliability of the prediction results. In general, the first configuration information helps to make personalized and accurate position predictions, and improves the adaptability and performance of the system in various scenarios.

[0189] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information includes one or more of the following:

[0190] The number of M second moments;

[0191] The time interval of M second moments;

[0192] The system frame numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0193] The time slot numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0194] The time of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0195] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of M second moments represents the number of future moments considered in the position prediction. The value of M determines how many future moments the system will estimate the position for. A larger value of M generally results in a longer-term position prediction.

[0196] In this embodiment of the present application, the time interval between the M second moments represents the time span between two adjacent second moments. The selection of the time interval may have different requirements for different application scenarios. Shorter time intervals may provide more frequent but shorter-term location predictions, while longer time intervals may provide longer-term and more stable predictions.

[0197] In the embodiment of the present application, the system frame number corresponding to each of the M second moments is used as a key parameter for synchronization and timing. By incorporating the system frame number into the location prediction configuration, it is possible to ensure that the location prediction is performed at the correct moment and synchronized with the system timing.

[0198] In the embodiment of the present application, the time slot numbers corresponding to the M second moments are used to further refine the time configuration. In particular, in a wireless communication system, a time slot is a basic time unit. Specifying the time slot number of each second moment can more accurately determine the predicted timing.

[0199] In an embodiment of the present application, the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) corresponding to each of the M second moments is a standard time representation. By associating the predicted time of each second moment with the UTC time, time synchronization can be ensured globally, which is particularly critical for communication systems involving multiple time zones.

[0200] In an embodiment of the present application, the data type of the number of M second moments, the time intervals of the M second moments, the system frame numbers corresponding to the M second moments, the time slot numbers corresponding to the M second moments, and the coordinated universal time UTC corresponding to the M second moments can be any one of the following: integer type, enumeration type, Boolean type, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0201] It's understandable that, on the one hand, increasing the number of M provides longer-term location predictions, enabling the system to more proactively plan and adapt to the movement of end devices, making it suitable for applications requiring proactive decision-making or resource optimization. On the other hand, shortening the time interval provides more frequent but shorter-term location predictions, allowing the system to more flexibly track the dynamic changes of end devices. However, this may also result in more frequent communication and computational load. On the other hand, determining the system frame number helps synchronize different components in the system, ensuring that location predictions are performed at the correct time. This is essential for applications requiring synchronization to avoid timing errors. On the other hand, specifying the time slot number helps determine the timing of predictions, enabling the system to accurately plan and execute location predictions. Time slot numbers are crucial for communication systems with timing requirements. On the other hand, linking to UTC time ensures global time synchronization, making it suitable for international or global applications and for coordinating communication systems across different regions.

[0202] It should be understood that reasonable configuration of the above-mentioned first indication information can help the system more accurately predict the location of the terminal device in the mobile communication environment, thereby improving the quality and effect of the positioning service. In specific applications, it is necessary to weigh the selection of different parameters to meet the needs of specific scenarios.

[0203] In some embodiments of the present application, the first configuration information is carried in the first positioning request information sent by the first network device; wherein the first positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the terminal's location information.

[0204] It should be understood that the first configuration information is carried in the first positioning request information sent by the first network device, which enables the terminal to obtain the first configuration information for position prediction at the same time as receiving the first positioning request information, so that the first measurement result can be more effectively used for calculation in the subsequent position prediction process, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of positioning.

[0205] In the embodiment of the present application, the first positioning request information may be a high-layer parameter RequestLocationInformation in the LPP protocol.

[0206] Exemplarily, the first positioning request information may be expressed as:

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] Among them, the configuration of M future moments is the first indication information, the beam information is the second indication information, and the probability value corresponding to the position of M future moments is the third indication information.

[0210] S302 : Determine, based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results, first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, wherein the first prediction results are related to the location information of the terminals.

[0211] In some embodiments of the present application, determining, based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results, the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments may include:

[0212] Based on the first configuration information and K first measurement results, a trained location prediction model is used to determine the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0213] In the embodiments of the present application, the location prediction model may be a neural network model or a machine learning model. For example, the neural network model may be a DNN model, a CNN model, or an RNN model. The machine learning model may be a decision tree, a support vector machine, or a random forest.

[0214] In some embodiments of the present application, the first prediction result includes: location information of the terminal, or information of the terminal used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0215] In the embodiment of the present application, for the location prediction method in which the model (i.e., the location prediction model mentioned above) is deployed on the terminal side, the location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the terminal side is further divided into two methods according to the different outputs of the model (i.e., the first prediction result):

[0216] Method 1: Direct positioning method based on the terminal side model (i.e., direct positioning based on the UE side model).

[0217] Method 2: Assisted positioning method based on the terminal side model (i.e., UE side model assisted positioning).

[0218] Specifically, when the location prediction method is a direct positioning method based on a terminal side model, the first prediction result is the location information of the terminal. When the location prediction method is an assisted positioning method based on a terminal side model, the first prediction result is information of the terminal used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0219] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG9 , the interaction process of the direct positioning method based on the terminal side model involves the terminal (UE), the first network device (LMF), and the second network device (gNB). The method includes S1001 to S1006:

[0220] S1001. A second network device sends downlink reference signal configuration information to a terminal.

[0221] S1002: The terminal receives, according to the downlink reference signal configuration information, one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device.

[0222] S1003: The terminal measures one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments, and obtains first measurement results corresponding to K first moments.

[0223] S1004: The first network device sends first configuration information to the terminal.

[0224] S1005: The terminal uses a trained location prediction model to determine first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; wherein the first prediction results include the location information of the terminal.

[0225] S1006: The terminal sends the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments to the first network device.

[0226] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG10 , the interaction process of the assisted positioning method based on the terminal side model involves a terminal (UE), a first network device (LMF), and a second network device (gNB). The method includes S2001 to S2007:

[0227] S2001: A second network device sends downlink reference signal configuration information to a terminal.

[0228] S2002: The terminal receives, according to the downlink reference signal configuration information, one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device.

[0229] S2003: The terminal measures one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments, and obtains first measurement results corresponding to K first moments.

[0230] S2004: The first network device sends first configuration information to the terminal.

[0231] S2005, the terminal uses a trained position prediction model to determine the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; wherein the first prediction results include information for estimating the position of the terminal.

[0232] S2006: The terminal sends the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments to the first network device.

[0233] S2007: The first network device determines the location information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments according to the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments.

[0234] It can be seen that the difference between the direct positioning method based on the terminal side model and the assisted positioning method based on the terminal side model is that the direct positioning method based on the terminal side model directly predicts the location information of the terminal corresponding to at least two second moments through the location prediction model deployed on the terminal side, and the terminal reports the location information of the terminal corresponding to at least two second moments to the first network device (LMF). The assisted positioning method based on the terminal side model predicts the information used to estimate the location of the terminal corresponding to at least two second moments through the location prediction model deployed on the terminal side, and the terminal reports the information used to estimate the location of the terminal corresponding to at least two second moments to the first network device (LMF), and the first network device determines the location information of the terminal corresponding to at least two second moments based on the information used to estimate the location of the terminal corresponding to the received at least two second moments.

[0235] In some embodiments of the present application, the information used to estimate the location of the terminal includes one or more of the following:

[0236] A time difference of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0237] round-trip delay of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second time instants;

[0238] an arrival angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0239] a departure angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0240] reference information received power of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0241] multipath measurement information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0242] Line-of-sight indication information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0243] The M second moments each correspond to an arrival time of one or more second downlink reference signals.

[0244] It can be understood that, by comprehensively using the above information for estimating the position of the terminal, it is helpful to improve the accuracy and reliability of the terminal device position estimation, especially in a complex communication environment.

[0245] In some embodiments of the present application, the first prediction result further includes:

[0246] beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or,

[0247] The first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the first probability value represents the confidence of the first prediction result of the terminal.

[0248] In this embodiment of the present application, beam information indicates the direction of the received signal selected by the terminal at a given moment. This beam information helps determine the direction of signal transmission and improves the accuracy of the position estimate. The first probability value represents the confidence level of the first prediction result of the terminal's position, that is, a measure of the confidence level in the first prediction result. The first probability value is used to quantify the reliability of the first prediction result, providing information about the confidence level of the first prediction result, and helping to understand the credibility of the position estimate.

[0249] In the embodiment of the present application, the first prediction result is related to the first configuration information (i.e., the first indication information, the second indication information, and the third indication information). The first prediction result includes the following situations:

[0250] Case 1: When the first configuration information includes first indication information, the second indication information indicates predicted beam information, and the third indication information indicates predicted first probability value, the first prediction result is: the terminal position information or information used to estimate the terminal position, the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments, and the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0251] Case 2: When the first configuration information includes first indication information, the second indication information indicates predicted beam information, and the third indication information indicates not to predict the first probability value, the first prediction result is: the terminal's position information or information used to estimate the terminal's position, and the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0252] Case 3: When the first configuration information includes first indication information, and the second indication information indicates not to predict beam information, and the third indication information indicates not to predict the first probability value, the first prediction result is: the terminal's location information or the terminal's information used to estimate the terminal's location.

[0253] Case 4: When the first configuration information includes the first indication information, the second indication information indicates not to predict the beam information, and the third indication information indicates to predict the first probability value, the first prediction result is: the location information of the terminal or the information of the terminal used to estimate the location of the terminal, and the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0254] As you can understand, beam information helps determine the direction from which a terminal receives signals, providing a more directional location estimate, which is very helpful for coping with multipath effects and complex channel environments. By considering beam direction, the accuracy of location estimates can be improved, especially in dense urban environments or situations with multipath propagation. Furthermore, the first probability value provides a measure of confidence in the prediction result. This is crucial for understanding the reliability of the location estimate, allowing users and the system to make more informed decisions based on the probability value. The first probability value can be used to adjust the usage strategy of the location result based on the magnitude of the probability value, ensuring that appropriate actions are taken when more stringent location requirements or higher confidence levels are required. Overall, this additional information enhances the system's understanding and utilization of location information, improving the accuracy and reliability of the location estimate, and thereby enhancing the accurate understanding of the terminal's location.

[0255] In an embodiment of the present application, on the one hand, by analyzing the measurement results of K first moments, the system can capture time series information and change trends, so as to better understand the movement pattern and position change of the terminal device. On the one hand, using the measurement results of the first moment, a model or algorithm can be applied to predict the terminal position at a future moment (the second moment). This helps to predict the location of the terminal device in advance. For terminals with strong mobility, this prediction can be of practical significance in network resource management and service provision. On the one hand, by comprehensively considering the measurement results of multiple moments, the accuracy of position prediction can be improved, and the real-time performance may also be improved, making the system more responsive. In general, by making full use of the measurement results of historical moments for position prediction, better performance and effects can be achieved in the positioning system, and the understanding and prediction accuracy of the terminal device location can be improved.

[0256] In some embodiments of the present application, the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following:

[0257] Positioning reference signal PRS, synchronization signal block SSB and channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS.

[0258] In an embodiment of the present application, the positioning reference signal PRS is a special signal used to support positioning services, and has a special time domain and frequency domain structure so that the terminal device can accurately identify and measure. The synchronization signal block SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) is a signal used by the terminal device to synchronize and locate cells in the network, and usually contains system information to assist the terminal device in correctly detecting and identifying the cell. The channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS (Channel State Information-Reference Signal) is used to obtain information about the channel state to help the terminal device perform better communication and scheduling.

[0259] In an embodiment of the present application, the one or more first downlink reference signals received at each first moment may be any one of a positioning reference signal PRS, a synchronization signal block SSB, and a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS, or may be a combination of multiple ones of a positioning reference signal PRS, a synchronization signal block SSB, and a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0260] In an embodiment of the present application, similarly, the one or more second downlink reference signals received at each predicted second moment may be any one of the positioning reference signal PRS, the synchronization signal block SSB, and the channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS, or a combination of multiple ones of the positioning reference signal PRS, the synchronization signal block SSB, and the channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0261] It should be noted that the selection and configuration of downlink reference signals can be determined based on specific communication standards and system specifications. In positioning services, positioning reference signals (PRS) are typically specifically designed to support position measurement. Synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and CSI-RS can also be used to provide auxiliary information to enhance the positioning performance of terminal devices.

[0262] As you can understand, the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) is specifically designed to support location measurement. This signal allows terminal devices to estimate their position, which is crucial for indoor and outdoor positioning applications. The Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) is used by terminal devices to synchronize and locate signals from cells within the network. This synchronization signal enables terminal devices to quickly and accurately detect and identify the cell they are currently in. The Channel State Information (CSI) Reference Signal (CSI-RS) provides information about channel conditions, enabling better communication and scheduling for terminal devices, optimizing network resource utilization, and improving communication quality. The SSB typically contains system information, which is crucial for terminal devices to properly configure and connect to the network, further enhancing their ability to communicate with the network. Using multiple different types of reference signals, such as the PRS, SSB, and CSI-RS, can improve positioning accuracy and communication quality by comprehensively considering multiple information.

[0263] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further includes S201 to S202:

[0264] S201: Acquire downlink reference signal configuration information sent by a second network device.

[0265] In the embodiment of the present application, the downlink reference signal configuration information received by the terminal is sent by the second network device, and the second network device may be a base station.

[0266] In some embodiments of the present application, the second network device includes one or more of the following:

[0267] Base station equipment in a cell, transmission reception points in the base station equipment, and antenna nodes in the base station equipment.

[0268] In the embodiments of the present application, the base station device (gNB) in the cell is a key device in the wireless communication network, responsible for managing communication resources, communicating with terminal devices, and providing services connected to the network. The transmission reception point (TRP) in the base station device is a component of the base station device, responsible for receiving and transmitting communication signals. It can include devices for transmitting and receiving signals and is used to pass data in the network. The antenna node (AP) in the base station device is a key component in the base station device, used to send and receive wireless signals, and can include an antenna array or other antenna structure to achieve spatial diversity and improve communication performance.

[0269] It is understandable that, on the one hand, base station equipment provides wider communication coverage and increases communication capacity by deploying antenna nodes, which helps to meet the communication needs of different regions and users and improve network performance. On the one hand, the deployment of antenna nodes supports multi-antenna technologies such as MIMO (multiple input, multiple output), improves signal quality and network throughput, and helps to improve the efficiency and performance of the communication system. On the one hand, the transmission and reception points and antenna nodes in the base station equipment play an important role in the positioning system. By sending and receiving downlink reference signals, they support the positioning services of terminal devices and help provide accurate location information. On the other hand, the transmission and reception points and antenna nodes in the base station equipment support network scheduling and resource management through interaction with the core network, which helps to optimize the utilization of network resources and improve the overall efficiency of the communication system.

[0270] In an embodiment of the present application, the downlink reference signal configuration information is a set of parameters and settings used to instruct a terminal device to receive a downlink reference signal in a wireless communication system. Exemplarily, the downlink reference signal configuration information may include one or more of the following:

[0271] 1) Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) Configuration: Specifies the activated PRS sequences and their locations; defines the PRS time domain configuration, including time slots, symbols, etc.; determines the PRS frequency domain configuration, including subcarriers, bandwidth, etc.

[0272] 2) Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) configuration: Determine the location of the sync signal block, typically in the frequency and time domains; configure the timing characteristics of the sync signal block, such as time slots and symbols; and specify the frequency, bandwidth, and other related parameters of the SSB.

[0273] 3) Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS) Configuration: Determine the activated CSI-RS sequences and their locations; define the time domain configuration of the CSI-RS, including time slots, symbols, etc.; determine the frequency domain configuration of the CSI-RS, including subcarriers, bandwidth, etc.

[0274] 4) Beam configuration: Specifies the set of activated beams, supports beamforming technology, and configures the directionality and other related parameters of the beam;

[0275] 5) System Frame Number (SFN) Configuration: Configure the system frame number so that the terminal device can correctly parse and track the system clock; determine the SFN counting period and other clock synchronization related parameters;

[0276] 6) Timeslot configuration: Determine the time domain configuration of the timeslot, including the start and end times of the timeslot; specify the frequency domain configuration of the timeslot, such as subcarrier allocation;

[0277] 7) Time configuration: Configure parameters related to clock synchronization to ensure time synchronization between terminal devices and base station devices; including clock synchronization algorithms and parameters;

[0278] 8) Frequency and bandwidth configuration: Specify the operating frequency range of the downlink signal; configure the channel bandwidth to determine the bandwidth of the signal transmission;

[0279] 9) Modulation and coding scheme: Determines the modulation method and coding scheme for the downlink signal, including parameters such as modulator type and coding rate;

[0280] 10) Power configuration: Configure the transmission power of the downlink signal; including power level and power control strategy.

[0281] It should be noted that the downlink reference signal configuration information listed above is only an example. In actual application scenarios, other configuration information is also included, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any limitation on this.

[0282] In this embodiment of the present application, the first measurement result includes one or more of the following:

[0283] Delay information (Tming) of the first downlink reference signal;

[0284] Phase information of the first downlink reference signal;

[0285] power information of the first downlink reference signal;

[0286] a channel impulse response (Cchannel Impulse Response, CIR) of the first downlink reference signal;

[0287] a power delay profile (PDP) of the first downlink reference signal;

[0288] a delay profile (DP) of a first downlink reference signal;

[0289] Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of the first downlink reference signal;

[0290] a reference signal receiving path power of a first downlink reference signal;

[0291] Arrival time of the first downlink reference signal;

[0292] The uplink arrival time difference of the first downlink reference signal.

[0293] In an embodiment of the present application, the delay information describes the time required for a signal to be sent and received, and is used to measure the time it takes for the signal to propagate, which helps the positioning system estimate the propagation distance of the signal. The phase information describes the phase of the signal, that is, the position of the waveform, and is used to analyze the waveform characteristics of the signal, providing additional information for the positioning system. The power information describes the power level of the signal, which is used to measure the strength of the signal, and is used for the positioning system to estimate the propagation range and path loss of the signal. The channel impulse response describes the response of the channel to the signal, and the channel impulse response provides the time domain response information of the channel, which is important for the positioning system to understand the channel propagation characteristics. The power delay spectrum describes the distribution of the signal power at different delays, and is used to analyze the distribution of the signal in the time domain, and provides time domain characteristics for the positioning system. The delay spectrum describes the delay distribution of the signal in the time domain, provides statistical information of the signal delay, and is very useful for the positioning system to perform delay analysis. The reference signal received power describes the power level of the received reference signal, and is used to measure the strength of the received reference signal, and is used for the positioning system to estimate the propagation distance and path loss of the signal. The reference signal receive path power describes the power of the reference signal on the receive path. It provides information about the signal receive path power and is important for understanding channel characteristics in positioning systems. The arrival time describes the time it takes for a signal to reach the receiver. It provides information about the signal's arrival time and is useful for timing analysis in positioning systems. The uplink time difference of arrival describes the time difference between the uplink signal arrival time and the downlink signal arrival time. It measures the time relationship between the uplink signal arrival time and the downlink signal arrival time, enabling time difference measurements in positioning systems.

[0294] It is understandable that the first measurement result includes multiple signal characteristics, such as delay, phase, power, etc. By analyzing these characteristics, we can more comprehensively understand the changes in the signal during propagation and provide more reference information for the positioning system.

[0295] S202: Receive, according to downlink reference signal configuration information, one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by a second network device.

[0296] In the embodiment of the present application, according to the downlink reference signal configuration information, the terminal can receive one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device according to the configured parameters and settings.

[0297] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal obtains downlink reference signal configuration information through a system broadcast message or other signaling method, including the configuration of the positioning reference signal (PRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), etc. The terminal parses the received downlink reference signal configuration information to understand which reference signal sequences are activated, their time domain and frequency domain configurations, and other related parameters. The terminal prepares to receive the first downlink reference signal based on the configuration information obtained by the analysis. This process involves operations such as configuring receiver parameters and setting the receiving window. At the moment of configuration, the terminal receives one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device. These downlink reference signals may include PRS for positioning, SSB for synchronization, etc. The terminal measures the received reference signal, which may include measuring delay, signal quality, etc.

[0298] Exemplarily, the manner in which the base station (second network device) sends the downlink reference signal configuration information to the terminal includes any one of the following:

[0299] 1) Broadcast signaling: The base station can broadcast system information, including downlink reference signal configuration information, to surrounding terminals through broadcast signaling.

[0300] 2) System message: The base station includes downlink reference signal configuration information in the system message. The system message can be broadcast to the terminal in a periodic manner. The terminal obtains the downlink reference signal configuration information by monitoring the system message.

[0301] 3) RRC connection establishment process: During the RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection establishment process, the base station can send downlink reference signal configuration information to the terminal. When the RRC connection is established, the signaling exchange between the base station and the terminal can include the transmission of configuration information.

[0302] 4) Physical layer broadcast: The base station can use the physical layer broadcast channel (such as PBCH, Physical Broadcast Channel) to broadcast some basic configuration information to the terminal, which may include the configuration information of the downlink reference signal.

[0303] It should be noted that the above-mentioned method of sending downlink reference signal configuration information from the base station to the terminal is only an example and can be selected in actual application scenarios. The specific implementation method depends on the standards and protocols of the communication system, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0304] In an embodiment of the present application, the terminal first parses the received downlink reference signal configuration information to understand which reference signal sequences are activated, their time domain and frequency domain configurations, and other related parameters. Based on the configuration information obtained by the analysis, the terminal configures the relevant parameters of the receiver, including but not limited to the receiving frequency, time slot structure, time domain configuration of the receiving window, etc. At the moment of configuration, the terminal begins to receive one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device. These reference signals may include PRS for positioning, SSB for synchronization, etc. The terminal measures the received reference signal and obtains at least one first measurement result corresponding to each first moment, such as measurement delay, signal quality, etc.

[0305] It should be understood that through the above process, the terminal can effectively receive and process one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments sent by the second network device, providing the network with information required for positioning, synchronization, and communication. The above process may vary depending on the standards and protocols of the communication system.

[0306] In some embodiments of the present application, the input data of the location prediction model includes:

[0307] K first measurement results; or

[0308] first configuration information and K first measurement results; or,

[0309] K first measurement results and first auxiliary information; or,

[0310] First configuration information, K first measurement results, and first auxiliary information.

[0311] In this embodiment of the present application, when the input data is K first measurement results, the location prediction model can attempt to learn and infer the terminal's location information directly from the existing measurement data by using only the K first measurement results. In this case, the terminal can determine the first prediction results corresponding to each of the second moments from the model's output data based on the first configuration information.

[0312] In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal may assign different weights to the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments in chronological order. For example, a smaller weight (e.g., 0.1) may be assigned to the first measurement result corresponding to an earlier first moment (i.e., a moment farther from the second moment), while a larger weight (e.g., 0.5) may be assigned to the first measurement result corresponding to a later first moment (i.e., a moment closer to the second moment).

[0313] In this embodiment of the present application, when the input data is the first configuration information and K first measurement results, the first configuration information introduces the time configuration of the second moment, allowing the model to consider timing information. This helps to more accurately predict future positions.

[0314] In an embodiment of the present application, in the case of K first measurement results and first auxiliary information, the first auxiliary information may include a description of the environment, network conditions or other contexts, providing more background information for location prediction, helping the model to better understand and process location changes under different conditions.

[0315] In an embodiment of the present application, in the case of first configuration information, K first measurement results and first auxiliary information, all information is combined together, and the model can learn from multi-level information of timing, location measurement and additional context to improve the accuracy of the terminal location.

[0316] It can be understood that by flexibly using these different input combinations, the location prediction model can more comprehensively consider multiple factors to better predict the location of the terminal. This diversity helps to adapt to different positioning scenarios and network conditions.

[0317] In some embodiments of the present application, the first auxiliary information includes one or more of the following:

[0318] an index of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments;

[0319] Timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of K first moments;

[0320] Timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments;

[0321] beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments;

[0322] Speed ​​information of the K terminals corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0323] In an embodiment of the present application, the index of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes a unique identifier of each first downlink reference signal, which is used to distinguish and identify different first downlink reference signals, ensuring that the model can distinguish the measurement results of different signals.

[0324] In an embodiment of the present application, the timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the specific time of the measurement moment of each first downlink reference signal, which is used to provide timing information to help the model understand the changes in position information over time.

[0325] In the embodiment of the present application, the timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments includes the time information of each first measurement result being generated, which can help the model to model the timing characteristics.

[0326] In an embodiment of the present application, the beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the beam information of each first downlink reference signal, such as the propagation direction of the signal, which is used to provide additional environmental information to help the model understand the signal propagation path more accurately.

[0327] In an embodiment of the present application, the beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the beam information of each first downlink reference signal, such as propagation distance, path loss and other information, which is used to provide detailed information about the signal propagation environment and perform more accurate position prediction on the model.

[0328] In the embodiment of the present application, the speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the speed information of the terminal corresponding to each first moment, which helps the model to better adapt to the position change of the mobile terminal.

[0329] It can be understood that the comprehensive use of the above-mentioned first auxiliary information enables the model to understand and predict the location more comprehensively, enhances the model's ability to model spatiotemporal relationships, and improves the accuracy and robustness of location prediction.

[0330] In some embodiments of the present application, the beam information of the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following:

[0331] Joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first downlink reference signal;

[0332] A quasi-co-site QCL type of the first downlink reference signal;

[0333] A spatial receive filter for the first downlink reference signal is used.

[0334] In an embodiment of the present application, the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI is used to describe the joint transmission configuration state of the reference signal. The joint transmission configuration may involve multiple transmission configurations. The TCI state provides information about these configurations, which helps the terminal understand and decode the reference signal.

[0335] In an embodiment of the present application, the quasi-co-site QCL type is used to describe the relative position relationship between a group of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas. The QCL type provides geometric information about the signal propagation path, which helps the terminal to make more accurate position estimation.

[0336] In the embodiment of the present application, the spatial reception filter is used to describe the filtering operation performed by the receiving end on the signal. The filter affects the reception quality of the signal. The spatial reception filter information helps the terminal better understand the characteristics of the received signal.

[0337] It can be understood that the beam information listed above provides specific details about the transmission and reception of the reference signal, which helps the terminal and the network to better understand the characteristics of the signal and environmental conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of position prediction.

[0338] In some embodiments of the present application, for a direct positioning method based on a terminal-side model and an assisted positioning method based on a terminal-side model, the terminal sends a first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments to the first network device. Correspondingly, the first network device receives the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments sent by the terminal.

[0339] In an embodiment of the present application, when the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments respectively sent by the terminal received by the first network device are information used to estimate the position of the terminal, the first network device determines the position information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments respectively based on the information used to estimate the position of the terminal.

[0340] It should be noted that, for the direct positioning method based on the terminal-side model, the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments reported by the terminal to the first network device at least include: the position information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments. For the auxiliary positioning method based on the terminal-side model, the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments reported by the terminal to the first network device at least include: the information used to estimate the position of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments. On this basis, according to the first configuration information sent by the first network device to the terminal, the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments may also include: the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; and / or, the first probability value of the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments.

[0341] In some embodiments of the present application, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in the first positioning response information; wherein, the first positioning response information is used to instruct the terminal to allow the first network device to obtain the terminal's location information.

[0342] In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal sends a first positioning response message to the first network device. The first positioning response message carries a first prediction result for the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments. Accordingly, the first network device receives the first positioning response message and parses the first positioning response message to obtain the first prediction result for the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0343] In the embodiment of the present application, the first positioning response information may be a higher-layer parameter ProvideLocationInformation in the LPP protocol.

[0344] Exemplarily, the first positioning response information may be expressed as:

[0345] In an embodiment of the present application, a location prediction method is provided, which is applied to a terminal. On the one hand, by analyzing the measurement results of K first moments, the system can capture time series information and change trends, so as to better understand the movement pattern and position change of the terminal device. On the one hand, using the measurement results of the first moment, a model or algorithm can be applied to predict the terminal position at a future moment (the second moment). This helps to predict the location of the terminal device in advance. For terminals with strong mobility, this prediction can be of practical significance in network resource management and service provision. On the one hand, by comprehensively considering the measurement results of multiple moments, the accuracy of the location prediction can be improved, and the real-time performance may also be improved, making the system more responsive. In general, by making full use of the measurement results of historical moments for location prediction, better performance and effects can be brought to the positioning system, and the understanding and prediction accuracy of the terminal device location can be improved.

[0346] FIG11 is a second flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a second network device. The method may include S401 to S402:

[0347] S401, receiving second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to use K second measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments to perform position prediction.

[0348] In an embodiment of the present application, the position prediction method applied to the second network device is also referred to as an uplink-based positioning method. As shown in FIG12 , the interaction process between the terminal, the first network device (such as LMF) and the second network device (such as TRP) may include the following steps:

[0349] Step 1: The positioning server notifies the TRP of relevant configurations.

[0350] In some embodiments, the positioning server notifies the transmission reception point (TRP) of relevant configuration information (including relevant parameters of the sounding reference signal (SRS), such as the configured frequency and time domain settings). This configuration information may include the configuration of the SRS and the type of measurement results that the terminal needs to report. The purpose of the configuration is to ensure that the network and the terminal device use consistent parameters during the positioning process.

[0351] Step 2: The base station sends relevant signaling to the terminal.

[0352] In some embodiments, the base station notifies the terminal device to use the SRS for positioning measurement, which may include configuration parameters of the SRS, such as the transmission timing, frequency, time domain resources, etc. of the SRS.

[0353] Step 3: The terminal sends an uplink reference signal (SRS for positioning).

[0354] In some embodiments, the terminal device starts sending an uplink reference signal at a specified time and frequency according to the signaling configuration of the base station.

[0355] In step 4, the TRP measures the uplink reference signal (for example, signal strength, delay, etc.) and sends the measurement results to the positioning server.

[0356] Step 5: The positioning server calculates the location-related information.

[0357] In some embodiments, the positioning server executes a position calculation algorithm and uses the SRS measurement data to estimate the position information of the terminal device.

[0358] It should be understood that in the above process, the positioning server plays a coordination and calculation role, while the TRP (second network device) is responsible for receiving the sounding reference signal and providing measurement results. The entire process requires ensuring that the communication protocol and configuration between the network and the second network device are consistent to ensure accurate positioning calculation.

[0359] In this embodiment of the present application, the second network device obtains a second measurement result of measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments.

[0360] In the embodiment of the present application, the first moment can be understood as a historical moment, or one of a series of past moments. Accordingly, the first uplink reference signal can be understood as an uplink reference signal corresponding to the historical moment.

[0361] In the embodiment of the present application, the second moment can be understood as a future moment, or one of a series of future moments. The second moment is any moment after the first moment. Accordingly, the second uplink reference signal can be understood as an uplink reference signal corresponding to the future moment.

[0362] In the embodiment of the present application, K first moments correspond to one or more first uplink reference signals. K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Exemplarily, K is 1, 2, 3, and so on.

[0363] Exemplarily, the terminal receives one or more first uplink reference signals at the 1st first moment, the terminal receives one or more first uplink reference signals at the 2nd first moment, and so on, the terminal receives one or more first uplink reference signals at the Kth first moment.

[0364] It should be noted that the first first moment, the second first moment, ..., the Kth first moment correspond to different historical moments. For example, the first first moment is 1:30, the second first moment is 1:40, the third first moment is 1:50, and so on, and the Kth first moment is 2:00.

[0365] In addition, the one or more first uplink reference signals received at different first moments are different. For example, the one or more first uplink reference signals received by the terminal at the first first moment are different from the one or more first uplink reference signals received at the second first moment.

[0366] In the embodiment of the present application, M second moments correspond to one or more second uplink reference signals. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Exemplarily, M is 1, 2, 3, and so on.

[0367] Exemplarily, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second uplink reference signals at the first second moment, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second uplink reference signals at the second second moment, and so on, the terminal predicts receiving one or more second uplink reference signals at the Mth second moment.

[0368] It should be noted that the first second moment, the second second moment, ..., the Mth second moment correspond to different future moments. For example, the first second moment is 2:30, the second second moment is 2:40, the third second moment is 2:50, and so on, and the Mth second moment is 3:00.

[0369] In addition, the one or more second uplink reference signals received at different second moments predicted by the terminal are different. For example, the one or more second uplink reference signals received by the terminal at the first second moment are different from the one or more second uplink reference signals received at the second second moment.

[0370] S402. Determine, based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the second measurement results corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to the received K first moments; the second prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0371] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further includes S501 to S502:

[0372] S501, obtain second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use K second measurement results to perform position prediction.

[0373] In the embodiment of the present application, the second network device receives the second configuration information sent by the LMF (the first network device).

[0374] In an embodiment of the present application, the second network device first parses the received second configuration information. This information may include parameters of the prediction model, model type, prediction time interval, etc. Based on the information obtained from the analysis, the terminal configures a corresponding location prediction model, such as an AI / ML-based model, which is used to predict the future terminal location based on historical measurement results. The second network device uses the configured prediction model in combination with the K first measurement results to predict the location. The predicted results may include information such as the location coordinates, speed, and direction of the terminal at the future moment. By using the K second measurement results, the prediction model of the second network device can learn the pattern of historical location changes and improve the accuracy of future locations accordingly, which helps to adapt to the location changes of the terminal device in different scenarios and mobile states. In general, the second network device receives the second configuration information sent by the LMF and uses the K second measurement results to predict the location, which helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of location prediction.

[0375] In some embodiments of the present application, the second configuration information includes one or more of the following: fourth indication information, fifth indication information, and sixth indication information; wherein,

[0376] The fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of M second moments;

[0377] The fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0378] The sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0379] In this embodiment of the present application, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments. This may include the system frame number, time slot number, and UTC time. This information provides the terminal with the time reference required for position prediction at future moments. The system frame number and time slot number allow the terminal to accurately determine the moment, while UTC time provides global standard time information.

[0380] In this embodiment of the present application, the fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the second network device may need to consider the beam information of the uplink reference signal. Beam information can provide more accurate positioning data. In complex wireless environments, considering the beam shape may help improve positioning accuracy.

[0381] In this embodiment of the present application, the sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict a first probability value for the first prediction result for each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the second network device may not only predict the terminal's location but also output a probability value for the location prediction. Such a probability value can be used to indicate the confidence level in the location prediction, helping the network better account for uncertainty in its decision-making.

[0382] In the embodiment of the present application, the second configuration information may be the following:

[0383] Case 1: fourth indication information;

[0384] Case 2: fourth indication information + fifth indication information;

[0385] Case 3: fourth indication information + sixth indication information;

[0386] Case 4: fourth indication information+fifth indication information+sixth indication information.

[0387] It is understandable that the fourth indication information provides the time configuration information of the M second moments, so that the second network device can perform position prediction at an accurate time point. The fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments. If this information is activated, the second network device can consider the beam information of the uplink reference signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the position prediction. The sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments. This is crucial for uncertainty management in the network decision-making process. By providing a probability value, the second network device can convey the confidence level about the position prediction and help the network better understand the reliability of the prediction results. In general, the second configuration information helps to make personalized and accurate position predictions, and improves the adaptability and performance of the system in various scenarios.

[0388] In some embodiments of the present application, the fourth indication information includes one or more of the following:

[0389] The number of M second moments;

[0390] The time interval of M second moments;

[0391] The system frame numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0392] The time slot numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0393] The time of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0394] In the embodiment of the present application, for the relevant explanation of the above-mentioned fourth indication information, please refer to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0395] In some embodiments of the present application, the second configuration information is carried in the second positioning request information sent by the first network device; wherein the second positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0396] It should be understood that the second configuration information is carried in the second positioning request information sent by the first network device, so that the second network device can obtain the second configuration information for position prediction at the same time as receiving the second positioning request information, so that the second measurement result can be more effectively used for calculation in the subsequent position prediction process, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of positioning.

[0397] It should be noted that the second positioning request information may be a high-layer parameter RequestLocationInformation in the LPP protocol.

[0398] S502: Determine second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments based on the second configuration information and K second measurement results; wherein the second prediction results include: information for estimating the position of the terminal and location information of the terminal.

[0399] In some embodiments of the present application, the second network device uses a trained location prediction model based on the second configuration information and K second measurement results to determine the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0400] In the embodiments of the present application, the location prediction model may be a neural network model or a machine learning model. For example, the neural network model may be a DNN model, a CNN model, or an RNN model. The machine learning model may be a decision tree, a support vector machine, or a random forest.

[0401] In an embodiment of the present application, for a location prediction method in which a model (i.e., the location prediction model mentioned above) is deployed on the second network device side, the output of the model can be one or more pieces of information corresponding to each of M second moments for estimating the location of the terminal.

[0402] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG13 , the interaction process of the assisted positioning method based on the second network device model involves a terminal (UE), a first network device (LMF), and a second network device (gNB). The method includes S3001 to S3007:

[0403] S3001. A second network device sends uplink reference signal configuration information to a terminal.

[0404] S3002: The terminal sends one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments to the second network device according to uplink reference signal configuration information.

[0405] S3003: The second network device measures one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments to obtain a second measurement result corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0406] S3004: The first network device sends second configuration information to the second network device.

[0407] S3005. The second network device uses the trained location prediction model to determine the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; wherein the second prediction results include information for estimating the location of the terminal.

[0408] S3006: The second network device sends the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments to the first network device.

[0409] S3007: The first network device determines the location information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments according to the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments.

[0410] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further includes: the second network device receiving one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments respectively sent by the terminal according to the uplink reference signal configuration information.

[0411] In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal sends one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments to the second network device based on the uplink reference signal configuration information sent by the first network device. Correspondingly, the second network device receives the one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments.

[0412] In an embodiment of the present application, the uplink reference signal configuration information is a set of parameters and settings used to instruct a terminal device to send an uplink reference signal in a wireless communication system.

[0413] In an embodiment of the present application, K first moments correspond to K first measurement results, that is, each first moment corresponds to a first measurement result. The K first measurement results are used to predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments, that is, each second moment corresponds to the location information of a terminal. Among them, K and M can be the same or different. Exemplarily, the three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the six second moments. The three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can also predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the two second moments. The three first measurement results corresponding to the three first moments can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the three second moments. In other words, the terminal predicts the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on a comprehensive consideration of the K first measurement results. There is no absolute quantitative correspondence between the K first measurement results and the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments (that is, the location information of the M terminals).

[0414] In some embodiments of the present application, the second measurement result includes one or more of the following:

[0415] Delay information of the first uplink reference signal;

[0416] Phase information of the first uplink reference signal;

[0417] power information of the first uplink reference signal;

[0418] a channel impulse response of a first uplink reference signal;

[0419] A power delay profile of a first uplink reference signal;

[0420] A delay profile of a first uplink reference signal;

[0421] a reference signal received power of a first uplink reference signal;

[0422] a reference signal receiving path power of a first uplink reference signal;

[0423] Arrival time of the first uplink reference signal;

[0424] The uplink arrival time difference of the first uplink reference signal.

[0425] In an embodiment of the present application, on the one hand, by analyzing the measurement results of K first moments, the system can capture time series information and change trends, so as to better understand the movement pattern and position change of the terminal device. On the one hand, using the measurement results of the first moment, a model or algorithm can be applied to predict the terminal position at a future moment (the second moment). This helps to predict the location of the terminal device in advance. For terminals with strong mobility, this prediction can be of practical significance in network resource management and service provision. On the one hand, by comprehensively considering the measurement results of multiple moments, the accuracy of position prediction can be improved, and the real-time performance may also be improved, making the system more responsive. In general, by making full use of the measurement results of historical moments for position prediction, better performance and effects can be achieved in the positioning system, and the understanding and prediction accuracy of the terminal device location can be improved.

[0426] In some embodiments of the present application, the first uplink reference signal includes: a sounding reference signal SRS.

[0427] In some embodiments of the present application, the information used to estimate the location of the terminal includes one or more of the following:

[0428] A time difference of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0429] a round trip delay of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second time instants;

[0430] An arrival angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0431] a departure angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0432] reference information received power of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0433] multipath measurement information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments;

[0434] Line-of-sight indication information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0435] It can be understood that, by comprehensively using the above information for estimating the position of the terminal, it is helpful to improve the accuracy and reliability of the terminal device position estimation, especially in a complex communication environment.

[0436] In some embodiments of the present application, the second prediction result further includes:

[0437] Beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or,

[0438] The second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the second probability value represents the confidence of the second prediction result of the terminal.

[0439] In this embodiment of the present application, beam information indicates the direction of received signals selected by the terminal at a given moment. This beam information helps determine the direction of signal transmission and improves the accuracy of position estimation. The second probability value represents the confidence level of the second prediction result of the terminal's location, that is, a measure of the confidence level in the second prediction result. The second probability value is used to quantify the reliability of the second prediction result, providing information about the confidence level of the second prediction result, and helping to understand the credibility of the position estimate.

[0440] In the embodiment of the present application, the second prediction result is related to the second configuration information (i.e., the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information, and the sixth indication information). The second prediction result includes the following situations:

[0441] Case 1: When the second configuration information includes the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information indicates the predicted beam information, and the sixth indication information indicates the predicted second probability value, the second prediction result is: information used to estimate the position of the terminal, beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments, and the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0442] Case 2: When the second configuration information includes the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information indicates the predicted beam information, and the sixth indication information indicates not to predict the second probability value, the second prediction result is: the information of the terminal used to estimate the position of the terminal, and the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0443] Case 3: When the second configuration information includes the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information indicates not to predict the beam information, and the sixth indication information indicates not to predict the second probability value, the second prediction result is: information of the terminal used to estimate the position of the terminal.

[0444] Case 4: When the second configuration information includes the fourth indication information, the fifth indication information indicates not to predict the beam information, and the sixth indication information indicates to predict the second probability value, the second prediction result is: the information of the terminal used to estimate the position of the terminal, and the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0445] As you can understand, beam information helps determine the direction from which a terminal receives a signal, providing a more directional location estimate. This is very helpful for coping with multipath effects and complex channel environments. By considering beam direction, the accuracy of the location estimate can be improved, especially in dense urban environments or situations with multipath propagation. Furthermore, the second probability value provides a measure of confidence in the prediction result. This is crucial for understanding the reliability of the location estimate, allowing users and the system to make more informed decisions based on the probability value. The second probability value can be used to adjust the usage strategy of the location result based on the magnitude of the probability value, ensuring that appropriate actions are taken when more stringent location requirements or higher confidence levels are required. Overall, this additional information enhances the system's understanding and utilization of location information, improving the accuracy and reliability of the location estimate, and thus enhancing the accurate understanding of the terminal's location.

[0446] In some embodiments of the present application, the input data of the location prediction model includes:

[0447] K second measurement results; or

[0448] second configuration information and K second measurement results; or,

[0449] K second measurement results and second auxiliary information; or,

[0450] second configuration information, K second measurement results, and second auxiliary information.

[0451] It can be understood that by flexibly using these different input combinations, the location prediction model can more comprehensively consider multiple factors to better predict the location of the terminal. This diversity helps to adapt to different positioning scenarios and network conditions.

[0452] In some embodiments of the present application, the second auxiliary information includes one or more of the following:

[0453] an index of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments;

[0454] Timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of K first moments;

[0455] Timestamp information of the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments;

[0456] beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments;

[0457] Speed ​​information of the K terminals corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0458] In an embodiment of the present application, the index of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes a unique identifier of each first uplink reference signal, which is used to distinguish and identify different first uplink reference signals, ensuring that the model can distinguish the measurement results of different signals.

[0459] In an embodiment of the present application, the timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the specific time of the measurement moment of each first uplink reference signal, which is used to provide timing information to help the model understand the changes in location information over time.

[0460] In the embodiment of the present application, the timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments includes the time information of each first measurement result being generated, which can help the model to model the timing characteristics.

[0461] In an embodiment of the present application, the beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the beam information of each first uplink reference signal, such as the propagation direction of the signal, which is used to provide additional environmental information to help the model understand the signal propagation path more accurately.

[0462] In an embodiment of the present application, the beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the beam information of each first uplink reference signal, such as propagation distance, path loss and other information, which is used to provide detailed information about the signal propagation environment and perform more accurate location prediction for the model.

[0463] In the embodiment of the present application, the speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments includes the speed information of the terminal corresponding to each first moment, which helps the model to better adapt to the position change of the mobile terminal.

[0464] It can be understood that the comprehensive use of the above-mentioned second auxiliary information enables the model to understand and predict the location more comprehensively, enhances the model's ability to model spatiotemporal relationships, and improves the accuracy and robustness of location prediction.

[0465] In some embodiments of the present application, the beam information of the first uplink reference signal includes one or more of the following:

[0466] The second network device configures and / or activates the spatial relationship information of the first uplink reference signal;

[0467] an uplink transmission configuration indication state TCI and / or a joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of a first uplink reference signal;

[0468] a spatial transmit filter for a first uplink reference signal determined by the terminal; wherein the spatial transmit filter is determined by the terminal based on a measurement result of a received downlink reference signal;

[0469] Index of the first uplink reference signal.

[0470] It can be understood that the beam information listed above provides specific details about the transmission and reception of the reference signal, which helps the terminal and the network to better understand the characteristics of the signal and environmental conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of position prediction.

[0471] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further comprises:

[0472] The second network device sends the second prediction results for the M terminals corresponding to each of the M second moments to the first network device. Based on this, and according to the second configuration information sent by the first network device to the second network device, the second prediction results for the M terminals corresponding to each of the M second moments may further include: beam information of one or more second downlink and uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or second probability values ​​of the second prediction results for the terminals corresponding to each of the M second moments. In this way, the first network device can predict the location information of the terminals corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the K received first measurement results.

[0473] In an embodiment of the present application, when the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments respectively sent by the terminal received by the first network device are information for estimating the position of the terminal, the first network device determines the position information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments respectively based on the information for estimating the position of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments respectively.

[0474] In some embodiments of the present application, the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments are carried in the second positioning response information; wherein the second positioning response information is used to instruct the second network device to allow the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0475] In this embodiment of the present application, the second network device sends a second positioning response message to the first network device. The second positioning response message carries a second prediction result for each of the M terminals corresponding to the second time instants. Accordingly, the first network device receives the second positioning response message and parses the second positioning response message to obtain the second prediction result for each of the M terminals corresponding to the second time instants.

[0476] In the embodiment of the present application, the second positioning response information may be a higher-layer parameter ProvideLocationInformation in the LPP protocol.

[0477] Exemplarily, the second positioning response information may be expressed as:

[0478] In an embodiment of the present application, a location prediction method is provided, which is applied to a second network device. On the one hand, by analyzing the measurement results of K first moments, the system can capture time series information and change trends, so as to better understand the movement pattern and position change of the terminal device. On the one hand, using the measurement results of the first moment, a model or algorithm can be applied to predict the terminal position at a future moment (the second moment). This helps to predict the location of the terminal device in advance. For terminals with strong mobility, this prediction can be of practical significance in network resource management and service provision. On the one hand, by comprehensively considering the measurement results of multiple moments, the accuracy of the location prediction can be improved, and the real-time performance may also be improved, making the system more responsive. In general, by making full use of the measurement results of historical moments for location prediction, better performance and effects can be brought to the positioning system, and the understanding and prediction accuracy of the terminal device location can be improved.

[0479] FIG14 is a third flow chart of an optional location prediction method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a first network device. The method may include S601 to S602:

[0480] S601, determine configuration information; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to use K measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments to perform position prediction.

[0481] S602: Determine, based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments, the prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, wherein the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to the K first moments; the prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0482] In an embodiment of the present application, the first network device obtains K measurement results sent by the terminal or the second network device.

[0483] In some embodiments of the present application, the K measurement results may be of the following two types depending on their sources:

[0484] Case 1: the K measurement results are K first measurement results from the terminal; the K first measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments, respectively.

[0485] In some embodiments of the present application, the terminal sends K first measurement results to the first network device, so that the first network device can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the received K first measurement results.

[0486] In some embodiments of the present application, a terminal sends first auxiliary information to a first network device. Accordingly, the first network device receives the first auxiliary information from the terminal. In this way, the first network device can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the received K first measurement results and the first auxiliary information.

[0487] Case 2: The K measurement results are K second measurement results from the second network device; the K second measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments, respectively.

[0488] In some embodiments of the present application, the second network device sends K second measurement results to the first network device. In this way, the first network device can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the K second measurement results.

[0489] In some embodiments of the present application, the second network device sends second auxiliary information to the first network device. Accordingly, the first network device receives the second auxiliary information from the second network device. In this way, the first network device can predict the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the K second measurement results and the second auxiliary information.

[0490] In an embodiment of the present application, for an assisted positioning method based on a terminal-side model, or an assisted positioning method based on a second network device model, the first network device determines the location information of the terminals corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the information used to estimate the location of the terminal or the information used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0491] In the embodiment of the present application, for the location prediction method in which the model (i.e., the location prediction model mentioned above) is deployed on the first network device side, the location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the first network device is further divided into two methods according to the different inputs of the model (i.e., the measurement results):

[0492] Mode 1: A terminal-assisted positioning method based on the first network device model (ie, terminal-assisted positioning).

[0493] Method 2: A second network device assisted positioning method based on the first network device model (ie, second network device assisted positioning).

[0494] Specifically, when the location prediction method is a terminal-assisted positioning method based on a first network device model, the K measurement results are K first measurement results from the terminal. When the location prediction method is a second network device-assisted positioning method based on the first network device model, the K measurement results are K second measurement results from the second network device.

[0495] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG15 , the interaction process of the terminal-assisted positioning method based on the first network device model involves the terminal (UE), the first network device (LMF), and the second network device (gNB). The method includes S4001 to S4006:

[0496] S4001. A second network device sends downlink reference signal configuration information to a terminal.

[0497] S4002: The terminal receives, according to the downlink reference signal configuration information, one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments sent by the second network device.

[0498] S4003 : The terminal measures one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to K first moments, and obtains first measurement results corresponding to K first moments.

[0499] In this embodiment of the present application, the terminal may further send first auxiliary information to the first network device.

[0500] S4004: The terminal sends the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments to the first network device.

[0501] S4005: The first network device uses a trained location prediction model to determine first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results.

[0502] In the embodiment of the present application, the input data of the location prediction model includes:

[0503] K first measurement results; or

[0504] first configuration information and K first measurement results; or,

[0505] K first measurement results and first auxiliary information; or,

[0506] First configuration information, K first measurement results, and first auxiliary information.

[0507] S4006: The first network device determines the location information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments according to the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments.

[0508] It should be noted that, for the process of using the position prediction model to determine the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, please refer to the above description.

[0509] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG16 , the interaction process of the second network device assisted positioning method based on the first network device model involves a terminal (UE), a first network device (LMF), and a second network device (gNB). The method includes S5001 to S5006:

[0510] S5001: A second network device sends uplink reference signal configuration information to a terminal.

[0511] S5002: The terminal sends one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to K first moments to the second network device according to the uplink reference signal configuration information.

[0512] S5003: The second network device measures one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments to obtain a second measurement result corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0513] In this embodiment of the present application, the second network device may further send second auxiliary information to the first network device.

[0514] S5004: The second network device sends K second measurement results corresponding to each of the first moments to the first network device.

[0515] S5005: The first network device uses a trained location prediction model to determine second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results.

[0516] In the embodiment of the present application, the input data of the location prediction model includes:

[0517] K second measurement results; or

[0518] second configuration information and K second measurement results; or,

[0519] K second measurement results and second auxiliary information; or,

[0520] second configuration information, K second measurement results, and second auxiliary information.

[0521] S5006: The first network device determines the location information of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments according to the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments.

[0522] It should be noted that, for the process of using the position prediction model to determine the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, please refer to the above description.

[0523] For case 1 (the K measurement results are K first measurement results from the terminal), the prediction method further includes S701 to S702:

[0524] S701. A first network device determines first configuration information, wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct a terminal to perform position prediction using K first measurement results.

[0525] In the embodiment of the present application, the description of S701 refers to the description of S301 above and will not be repeated here.

[0526] S702 : Determine, based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results, first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, wherein the first prediction results are related to the location information of the terminals.

[0527] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the first configuration information and K first measurement results, a trained location prediction model is used to determine the first prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0528] In the embodiment of the present application, the description of S702 refers to the description of S302 in the previous text, and will not be repeated here.

[0529] For case 2 (the K measurement results are K first measurement results from the second network device), the location prediction method further includes S801 to S802:

[0530] S801, determine second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use K second measurement results to perform position prediction.

[0531] It should be noted that, for the description of S801, please refer to the description of S501 in the previous text, which will not be repeated here.

[0532] S802: Determine, based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results, second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments, wherein the second prediction results are related to the location information of the terminals.

[0533] It should be noted that, for the description of S802, please refer to the description of S502 in the previous text, which will not be repeated here.

[0534] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further comprises:

[0535] The first network device obtains second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to M second moments from the second network device.

[0536] In some embodiments of the present application, the second prediction results of the terminals corresponding to the M second moments are carried in the second positioning response information; wherein the second positioning response information is used to instruct the second network device to allow the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0537] In some embodiments of the present application, the second network device includes one or more of the following:

[0538] Base station equipment in a cell, transmission reception points in the base station equipment, and antenna nodes in the base station equipment.

[0539] In some embodiments of the present application, the first uplink reference signal includes: a sounding reference signal SRS.

[0540] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information or the fourth indication information includes one or more of the following:

[0541] The number of M second moments;

[0542] The time interval of M second moments;

[0543] The system frame numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0544] The time slot numbers corresponding to the M second moments;

[0545] The time of the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0546] In some embodiments of the present application, for a location prediction method in which a model (i.e., the location prediction model mentioned above) is deployed on a terminal, a first network device sends first configuration information to the terminal; or sends second configuration information to a second network device. Accordingly, the terminal receives the first configuration information; or the second network device receives the second configuration information.

[0547] In some embodiments of the present application, the first configuration information is carried in the first positioning request information; wherein the first positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the terminal's location information; the second configuration information is carried in the second positioning request information; wherein the second positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the terminal's location information.

[0548] In summary, the location prediction method provided in this application is divided into the following three cases according to the deployment method of the model (location prediction model):

[0549] Case 1: The location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the terminal side is further divided into two methods based on the different model outputs (i.e., the first prediction results corresponding to the M second moments):

[0550] Method 1: Direct positioning method based on the terminal side model (i.e., direct positioning based on the UE side model).

[0551] Method 2: Assisted positioning method based on the terminal side model (i.e., UE side model assisted positioning).

[0552] Case 2: A location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the second network device side. The output of the model may be one or more pieces of information corresponding to each of the M second moments and used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0553] Case 3: The location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the first network device. Depending on the model input (i.e., measurement results), the location prediction method in which the model is deployed on the first network device is further divided into two methods:

[0554] Mode 1: A terminal-assisted positioning method based on the first network device model (ie, terminal-assisted positioning).

[0555] Method 2: A second network device assisted positioning method based on the first network device model (ie, second network device assisted positioning).

[0556] Example 1: Model deployment on the terminal side

[0557] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG17 , the location prediction method may include S11 to S14:

[0558] S11, the terminal receives PRS resource configuration information.

[0559] S12: The terminal obtains measurement data of K historical moments and optional auxiliary information.

[0560] S13: The terminal obtains the terminal's position and / or beam prediction at M future moments through the model.

[0561] S14: The terminal feeds back the location coordinates of M future moments to the LMF.

[0562] In an embodiment of the present application, a terminal device UE (terminal) receives downlink reference signal configuration information, which includes configuration information of a downlink reference signal resource set and a downlink reference signal resource. The downlink reference signal can be a positioning reference signal PRS, an SSB synchronization signal block, or a CSI-RS channel state information-reference signal. Based on the downlink reference signal configuration information, the UE receives downlink reference signals (first downlink reference signals) sent by one or more cells at K different historical moments.

[0563] In the embodiment of the present application, the cell (second network device) can be replaced by a TRP, and network nodes such as antenna points (APs) are not limited.

[0564] In the embodiment of the present application, the purpose of the downlink reference signal resource set is to be used for positioning.

[0565] In the embodiment of the present application, during the model training process, the data set includes input data and corresponding labels. The input data includes measurement data (first measurement result) of K historical moments obtained by measuring the downlink reference signal. The measurement data can be one or more of the following:

[0566] Measurement delay, measurement phase, measurement power, channel impulse response, power delay profile, delay profile, reference signal received power, reference signal received path power, arrival time, uplink time difference of arrival.

[0567] In the embodiments of the present application, the weights of measurement data corresponding to different historical moments may be different. For example, the weight of measurement data corresponding to earlier historical moments may be smaller, while the weight of measurement data corresponding to more recent historical moments may be larger. This applies to all embodiments. Because later measurement data is closer to the current location of the terminal device, it may contribute more to predicting the location at future moments.

[0568] In an embodiment of the present application, during model training, the label corresponding to the input data is: terminal device location.

[0569] In an embodiment of the present application, the input of the model may also include one or more of the following: a TRP index set corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, a timestamp corresponding to each downlink reference signal resource, a timestamp corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, beam information corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, spatial information associated with each downlink reference signal resource (the beam information associated with the downlink reference signal resource can also be understood), and the speed of the terminal device.

[0570] In the embodiment of the present application, the TRP indexes included in the TRP index set corresponding to the measurement data at different historical moments may be the same or may not be exactly the same. Due to the mobility of the UE, the TRP index set of the UE communication is different at different time points on the UE's moving trajectory.

[0571] In this embodiment of the present application, the spatial information associated with each downlink reference signal resource has the following possibilities: each reference signal resource is associated with a piece of spatial information. The spatial information can include the joint TCI state, the QCL quasi-co-location type, and the spatial receive filter. The spatial information is beneficial for improving positioning accuracy under mobility conditions.

[0572] In an embodiment of the present application, if the model training is performed by LMF or a third-party server, the above information is collected by each TRP and then interacted with the LMF.

[0573] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include beam information corresponding to M future time points. This beam information may be reported to the LMF or gNB. The terminal device may directly use the predicted spatial information at the M future time points to transmit and receive information, or may report the beam information to the gNB or LMF as auxiliary information.

[0574] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include probability values ​​corresponding to the terminal device's location at M future moments. For example, at time 1, there is an 80% probability of being at location coordinate 1. The probability value represents soft information about the reliability of the location prediction, which helps provide a reference for network devices when making location-related decisions.

[0575] In an embodiment of the present application, for the UE-side model, the AI / ML model directly locates, and the interaction information sent by the LMF to the UE includes: the configuration of M future time moments, whether beam information (beam information of the reference signal) is included, and whether a probability value is output. For example, the interaction information may include the high-level parameter RequestLocationInformation (request positioning information) in the LPP protocol.

[0576] In an embodiment of the present application, the configuration of the M future moments includes one or more of the following: the value of M, the configuration of the time intervals corresponding to the M future moments, the system frame number, the time slot number, and the UTC time.

[0577] In the embodiment of the present application, the data type in the requested location information is not limited and can be any type such as integer, enumeration, Boolean, etc.

[0578] In an embodiment of the present application, for the UE-side model, the AI / ML model directly locates, and the information exchanged by the UE to the LMF includes: the terminal device location and / or beam information at M future moments, as well as the probability value. For example, this interaction information may include the high-level parameter ProvideLocationInformation in the LPP protocol.

[0579] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG18 , the location prediction method may include S21 to S24:

[0580] S21: The terminal receives PRS resource configuration information.

[0581] S22: The terminal obtains measurement results of K historical moments and optional auxiliary information.

[0582] S23: The terminal obtains intermediate results and / or beam predictions for M future moments through the model.

[0583] S24: The terminal feeds back the intermediate results of M future moments to the LMF, and the LMF calculates the terminal device location.

[0584] In an embodiment of the present application, when the model output is an intermediate result of the terminal device position, the other contents are the same as above and are not repeated here. The model output is modified to the following content: the intermediate results of the terminal device position at M future moments and / or the corresponding beam information. The intermediate results of the terminal device position can be: reference signal time difference RSTD measurement results, round-trip delay measurement results, angle of arrival AOA measurement results, angle of departure AOD measurement results, reference information received power RSRP, multipath measurement information, line of sight LOS indication information, and arrival time.

[0585] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include beam information corresponding to M future time points. The terminal device can directly use the predicted spatial information of the M future time points to send and receive information, or report the beam information as auxiliary information to the gNB or LMF.

[0586] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include probability values ​​corresponding to the intermediate results of the terminal device location at M future moments. The probability values ​​represent soft information about the reliability of the location prediction, which helps provide a reference for network devices when making location-related decisions.

[0587] In an embodiment of the present application, the information interaction between the UE and the LMF is carried out through the LPP protocol, and the content of the interaction is modified to the above-mentioned intermediate result.

[0588] Example 2

[0589] In an embodiment of the present application, the model is deployed on the gNB side of the network device, and the AI / ML model assists in positioning, that is, the output is an intermediate result of the location of the terminal device.

[0590] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG19 , the location prediction method may include S31 to S34:

[0591] S31: The gNB receives the SRS sent by the UE.

[0592] At step S32, the gNB obtains measurement data for K historical moments, as well as optional auxiliary information.

[0593] S33: The gNB uses the intermediate results and / or beam predictions of the model M future moments.

[0594] In step S34, the gNB feeds back the intermediate results of M future moments to the LMF, and the LMF calculates the terminal device location.

[0595] In an embodiment of the present application, a terminal device (UE) receives SRS configuration information sent by a gNB (a first network device), where the SRS configuration information includes configuration information of an SRS resource set and SRS resources. Based on the SRS configuration information, the UE transmits SRSs to one or more cells at K different historical moments.

[0596] In the embodiment of the present application, the cell can be replaced by TRP, and there is no restriction on network nodes such as antenna nodes.

[0597] In the embodiment of the present application, each SRS resource may correspond to a piece of spatial relationship information, or an uplink transmission spatial filter, which is only used in the high frequency band of FR2.

[0598] In the embodiment of the present application, the purpose of the SRS resource set is an SRS resource set used for positioning.

[0599] In an embodiment of the present application, during the model training process, the data set includes input data and corresponding labels.

[0600] In an embodiment of the present application, the input data includes measurement data of p historical moments obtained according to the SRS, and the measurement data may be one or more of the following: measurement delay, measurement phase, measurement power, channel impulse response, power delay spectrum, delay spectrum, reference signal receiving power, reference signal receiving path power, arrival time, and uplink arrival time difference.

[0601] In an embodiment of the present application, the labels corresponding to the training data are: reference signal time difference RSTD measurement results, round-trip delay measurement results, arrival angle AOA measurement results, departure angle AOD measurement results, reference information received power RSRP, multipath measurement information, line of sight LOS indication information, TOA.

[0602] In this embodiment of the present application, if model training is performed on the gNB side, the label information is exchanged to the gNB by the LMF through signaling. If model training is performed by the LMF or a third-party server, there is no need to exchange label information with the gNB.

[0603] In an embodiment of the present application, the input data of the model may also include one or more of the following: a TRP index set corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, a timestamp corresponding to each SRS resource, a timestamp corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, beam information corresponding to the measurement data at each historical moment, spatial information associated with each SRS resource (which can also be understood as the beam direction associated with the SRS resource), and the speed of the terminal device.

[0604] In the embodiment of the present application, the TRP indexes included in the TRP index set corresponding to the measurement data at different historical moments may be the same or may not be exactly the same. Due to the mobility of the UE, the TRP index set of the UE communication is different at different time points on the UE's moving trajectory.

[0605] In this embodiment of the present application, the spatial information associated with each SRS resource may include the following: NW (spatial relationship information for SRS resource configuration and / or activation), uplink or joint TCI state, the UE's independent determination of the SRS resource transmit spatial filter based on downlink reference signal measurements, and the downlink reference signal resource index associated with the SRS resource. This spatial information helps improve positioning accuracy under mobility conditions.

[0606] In an embodiment of the present application, if the model training is performed by LMF or a third-party server, the above information is collected by each TRP and then interacted with the LMF.

[0607] In an embodiment of the present application, the output of the model is an intermediate result of the terminal device's position at M future moments and / or the corresponding beam information. The intermediate result of the terminal device's position may be: a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement result, a round-trip delay (RTD) measurement result, an angle of arrival (AOA) measurement result, an angle of departure (AOD) measurement result, a reference signal received power (RSRP), multipath measurement information, and line-of-sight (LOS) indication information.

[0608] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include beam information corresponding to M future time points. The terminal device can directly use the predicted spatial information of the M future time points to send and receive information, or report the beam information as auxiliary information to the gNB or LMF.

[0609] In this embodiment of the present application, the model output may also include probability values ​​corresponding to the intermediate results of the terminal device location at M future moments. The probability values ​​represent soft information about the reliability of the location prediction, which helps provide a reference for network devices when making location-related decisions.

[0610] Example 3

[0611] In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG20 , the location prediction method may include S41 to S44:

[0612] S41, the UE receives PRS resource configuration information.

[0613] S42: The UE obtains measurement data of K historical moments and optional auxiliary information.

[0614] S43, the UE reports the measurement data and auxiliary information of K historical moments.

[0615] S44, LMF obtains the terminal device position through the model.

[0616] In an embodiment of the present application, the model is deployed on the LMF side. For UE-assisted positioning, the input data of the model is reported by the UE. The information exchanged between the UE and the LMF is no longer the output result of the AI / ML model in Example 1, but the input data obtained by the UE based on the PRS configuration information.

[0617] In this embodiment of the present application, the model is deployed on the LMF side. For gNB-assisted positioning, the input data of the model is transmitted by the gNB to the LMF. The information exchanged between the gNB and the LMF is no longer the output result of the AI / ML model in Example 2, but the input data measured by the gNB based on the SRS configuration information sent by the UE.

[0618] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present application, the technical solution of the present application can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, and these simple modifications all fall within the scope of protection of the present application. For example, the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present application will no longer describe the various possible combinations separately. For another example, the various different embodiments of the present application can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the idea of ​​the present application, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed in the present application. For another example, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments and / or the technical features in each embodiment described in the present application can be arbitrarily combined with the prior art, and the technical solution obtained after the combination should also fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0619] It should also be understood that in the various method embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not imply a precedence in their execution order. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, the terms "downlink," "uplink," and "sidelink" are used to indicate the direction of signal or data transmission. "Downlink" indicates a signal or data transmission direction of a first direction, from a site to a user equipment in a cell; "uplink" indicates a signal or data transmission direction of a second direction, from a user equipment in a cell to a site; and "sidelink" indicates a signal or data transmission direction of a third direction, from user equipment 1 to user equipment 2. For example, "downlink signal" indicates that the signal is transmitted in the first direction. Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" merely describes an association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. Specifically, "A and / or B" can represent three situations: A exists alone; A and B exists simultaneously; or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0620] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the embodiments of the present application provide a corresponding spatial filter determination device.

[0621] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application. When applied to a terminal, as shown in FIG21 , the position prediction device 50 includes: a first acquisition unit 51, a first determination unit 52, and a first sending unit 53; wherein,

[0622] The first acquisition unit 51 is configured to receive first configuration information; wherein the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0623] The first determination unit 52 is configured to determine the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; wherein the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K received first moments; the first prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0624] In some embodiments, the first determination unit 52 is configured to determine the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments using a trained location prediction model based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0625] In some embodiments, the first prediction result includes: location information of the terminal, or information of the terminal used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0626] In some embodiments, the information used to estimate the position of the terminal includes one or more of the following: the time difference of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the round-trip delay of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the arrival angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the departure angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the reference information receiving power of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the multipath measurement information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the line-of-sight indication information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the arrival time of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0627] In some embodiments, the first prediction result also includes: beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or, a first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the first probability value represents the confidence of the first prediction result of the terminal.

[0628] In some embodiments, the input data of the position prediction model includes: the K first measurement results; or, the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; or, the K first measurement results and first auxiliary information; or, the first configuration information, the K first measurement results and the first auxiliary information.

[0629] In some embodiments, the first auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: an index of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; and speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0630] In some embodiments, the beam information of the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first downlink reference signal; the quasi-co-site QCL type of the first downlink reference signal; and the spatial reception filter of the first downlink reference signal.

[0631] In some embodiments, the first configuration information includes one or more of the following: first indication information, second indication information and third indication information; wherein, the first indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0632] In some embodiments, the first indication information includes one or more of the following: the number of the M second moments; the time interval between the M second moments; the system frame number corresponding to each of the M second moments; the time slot number corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the coordinated universal time UTC time corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0633] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is carried in a first positioning request message sent by a first network device; wherein the first positioning request message is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0634] In some embodiments, the first measurement result includes one or more of the following: delay information of the first downlink reference signal; phase information of the first downlink reference signal; power information of the first downlink reference signal; channel impulse response of the first downlink reference signal; power delay spectrum of the first downlink reference signal; delay spectrum of the first downlink reference signal; reference signal received power of the first downlink reference signal; reference signal received path power of the first downlink reference signal; arrival time of the first downlink reference signal; uplink arrival time difference of the first downlink reference signal.

[0635] In some embodiments, the first sending unit 53 is configured to send the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments to the first network device.

[0636] In some embodiments, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in a first positioning response message; wherein, the first positioning response message is used to indicate that the terminal allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0637] In some embodiments, the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: a positioning reference signal PRS, a synchronization signal block SSB, and a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS.

[0638] In some embodiments, the first acquisition unit 51 is further configured to acquire downlink reference signal configuration information sent by the second network device; and receive one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments sent by the second network device according to the downlink reference signal configuration information.

[0639] In some embodiments, the second network device includes one or more of the following: a base station device in a cell, a transmission reception point in a base station device, and an antenna node in a base station device.

[0640] In some embodiments, the first sending unit 53 is further configured to send K first measurement results to the first network device.

[0641] In some embodiments, the first sending unit 53 is further configured to send first auxiliary information to the first network device.

[0642] FIG22 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a second network device. As shown in FIG22 , the position prediction device 60 includes: a second acquisition unit 61, a second determination unit 62, and a second sending unit 63; wherein,

[0643] The second acquisition unit 61 is configured to receive second configuration information; wherein the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to use the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments to perform position prediction;

[0644] The second determination unit 62 is configured to determine the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; wherein the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the received K first moments; the second prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0645] In some embodiments, the second determination unit 62 is further configured to determine the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments using a trained location prediction model based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0646] In some embodiments, the information used to estimate the position of the terminal includes one or more of the following: the time difference of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the round-trip delay of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the arrival angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the departure angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the reference information receiving power of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the multipath measurement information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the line-of-sight indication information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0647] In some embodiments, the second prediction result also includes: beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or, a second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the second probability value represents the confidence of the second prediction result of the terminal.

[0648] In some embodiments, the input data of the position prediction model includes: the K second measurement results; or the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; or, the K second measurement results and second auxiliary information; or, the second configuration information, the K second measurement results and the second auxiliary information.

[0649] In some embodiments, the second auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: an index of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; spatial information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; and speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0650] In some embodiments, the spatial information of the first uplink reference signal includes one or more of the following: spatial relationship information of the second network device configuring and / or activating the first uplink reference signal; uplink transmission configuration indication state TCI and / or joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first uplink reference signal; a spatial transmit filter of the first uplink reference signal determined by the terminal; wherein the spatial transmit filter is determined by the terminal based on the measurement result of the received downlink reference signal; an index of the first uplink reference signal.

[0651] In some embodiments, the second configuration information includes one or more of the following: fourth indication information, fifth indication information and sixth indication information; wherein the fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0652] In some embodiments, the fourth indication information includes one or more of the following: the number of the M second moments; the time interval between the M second moments; the system frame number corresponding to each of the M second moments; the time slot number corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the coordinated universal time UTC time corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0653] In some embodiments, the second configuration information is carried in a second positioning request message sent by the first network device; wherein the second positioning request message is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0654] In some embodiments, the second network device includes one or more of the following: a base station device in a cell, a transmission reception point in a base station device, and an antenna node in a base station device.

[0655] In some embodiments, the second measurement result includes one or more of the following: delay information of the first uplink reference signal; phase information of the first uplink reference signal; power information of the first uplink reference signal; channel impulse response of the first uplink reference signal; power delay spectrum of the first uplink reference signal; delay spectrum of the first uplink reference signal; reference signal received power of the first uplink reference signal; reference signal received path power of the first uplink reference signal; arrival time of the first uplink reference signal; uplink arrival time difference of the first uplink reference signal.

[0656] In some embodiments, the second sending unit 63 is configured to send the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments to the first network device.

[0657] In some embodiments, the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in a second positioning response message; wherein, the second positioning response message is used to indicate that the second network device allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0658] In some embodiments, the first uplink reference signal includes a sounding reference signal SRS.

[0659] In some embodiments, the second sending unit 63 is further configured to send K second measurement results to the first network device.

[0660] In some embodiments, the second sending unit 63 is further configured to send second auxiliary information to the first network device.

[0661] In some embodiments, the second acquiring unit 61 is further configured to receive one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments sent by the terminal according to uplink reference signal configuration information.

[0662] FIG23 is a third schematic diagram of the structure of an optional position prediction device provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a first network device. As shown in FIG23 , the position prediction device 70 includes: a third acquisition unit 71, a third determination unit 72, and a third sending unit 73; wherein,

[0663] The third determination unit 72 is configured to determine configuration information; wherein the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to use the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments to perform position prediction; based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, determine the prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0664] In some embodiments, the K measurement results are K first measurement results from the terminal; the K first measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the configuration information is the first configuration information; the prediction result is the first prediction result; the third determination unit 72 is configured to determine the first configuration information; wherein, the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use the K first measurement results for position prediction; based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results, determine the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein, the first prediction result is related to the position information of the terminal.

[0665] In some embodiments, the third determination unit 72 is further configured to use a trained location prediction model to determine the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0666] In some embodiments, the first prediction result includes: location information of the terminal, or information used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0667] In some embodiments, the information used to estimate the position of the terminal includes one or more of the following: the time difference of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the round-trip delay of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the arrival angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the departure angle of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the reference information receiving power of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the multipath measurement information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the line-of-sight indication information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the arrival time of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0668] In some embodiments, the first prediction result also includes: beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or, a first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the first probability value represents the confidence of the first prediction result of the terminal.

[0669] In some embodiments, the third obtaining unit 71 is further configured to receive first auxiliary information from the terminal.

[0670] In some embodiments, the input data of the position prediction model includes: the K first measurement results; or, the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; or, the K first measurement results and first auxiliary information; or, the first configuration information, the K first measurement results and the first auxiliary information.

[0671] In some embodiments, the first auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: an index of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; and speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0672] In some embodiments, the beam information of the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first downlink reference signal; the quasi-co-site QCL type of the first downlink reference signal; and the spatial reception filter of the first downlink reference signal.

[0673] In some embodiments, the first configuration information includes one or more of the following: first indication information, second indication information and third indication information; wherein, the first indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0674] In some embodiments, the first measurement result includes one or more of the following: delay information of the first downlink reference signal; phase information of the first downlink reference signal; power information of the first downlink reference signal; channel impulse response of the first downlink reference signal; power delay spectrum of the first downlink reference signal; delay spectrum of the first downlink reference signal; reference signal received power of the first downlink reference signal; reference signal received path power of the first downlink reference signal; arrival time of the first downlink reference signal; uplink arrival time difference of the first downlink reference signal.

[0675] In some embodiments, the third obtaining unit 71 is further configured to obtain the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments from the terminal.

[0676] In some embodiments, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in a first positioning response message; wherein, the first positioning response message is used to indicate that the terminal allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0677] In some embodiments, the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: a positioning reference signal PRS, a synchronization signal block SSB, and a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS.

[0678] In some embodiments, the K measurement results are K second measurement results from the second network device; the K second measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the configuration information is second configuration information; the prediction result is a second prediction result; the third determination unit 72 is also configured to determine the second configuration information; wherein, the second configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to use the K second measurement results for position prediction; based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results, determine the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein, the second prediction result is related to the location information of the terminal.

[0679] In some embodiments, the third determination unit 72 is further configured to use a trained location prediction model to determine the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; wherein the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

[0680] In some embodiments, the second prediction result includes: location information of the terminal, or information used to estimate the location of the terminal.

[0681] In some embodiments, the information used to estimate the position of the terminal includes one or more of the following: the time difference of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the round-trip delay of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the arrival angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the departure angle of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the reference information receiving power of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the multipath measurement information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the line-of-sight indication information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0682] In some embodiments, the second prediction result also includes: beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; and / or, a second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein the second probability value represents the confidence of the second prediction result of the terminal.

[0683] In some embodiments, the third obtaining unit 71 is further configured to receive second auxiliary information from the second network device.

[0684] In some embodiments, the input data of the position prediction model includes: the K second measurement results; or, the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; or, the K second measurement results and second auxiliary information; or, the second configuration information, the K second measurement results and the second auxiliary information.

[0685] In some embodiments, the second auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: an index of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; timestamp information of the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; and speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments.

[0686] In some embodiments, the spatial information of the first uplink reference signal includes one or more of the following: spatial relationship information of the second network device configuring and / or activating the first uplink reference signal; uplink transmission configuration indication state TCI and / or joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first uplink reference signal; a spatial transmit filter of the first uplink reference signal determined by the terminal; wherein the spatial transmit filter is determined by the terminal based on the measurement result of the received downlink reference signal; an index of the first uplink reference signal.

[0687] In some embodiments, the second configuration information includes one or more of the following: fourth indication information, fifth indication information and sixth indication information; wherein the fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0688] In some embodiments, the second measurement result includes one or more of the following: delay information of the first uplink reference signal; phase information of the first uplink reference signal; power information of the first uplink reference signal; channel impulse response of the first uplink reference signal; power delay spectrum of the first uplink reference signal; delay spectrum of the first uplink reference signal; reference signal received power of the first uplink reference signal; reference signal received path power of the first uplink reference signal; arrival time of the first uplink reference signal; uplink arrival time difference of the first uplink reference signal.

[0689] In some embodiments, the third obtaining unit 71 is further configured to obtain second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to M second moments from the second network device.

[0690] In some embodiments, the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in a second positioning response message; wherein, the second positioning response message is used to indicate that the second network device allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0691] In some embodiments, the second network device includes one or more of the following: a base station device in a cell, a transmission reception point in a base station device, and an antenna node in a base station device.

[0692] In some embodiments, the first uplink reference signal includes a sounding reference signal SRS.

[0693] In some embodiments, the first indication information or the fourth indication information includes one or more of the following: the number of the M second moments; the time interval of the M second moments; the system frame number corresponding to each of the M second moments; the time slot number corresponding to each of the M second moments; and the time of the coordinated universal time UTC corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0694] In some embodiments, the third sending unit 73 is configured to send first configuration information to the terminal; or send second configuration information to the second network device.

[0695] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is carried in a first positioning request message; wherein the first positioning request message is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the location information of the terminal; the second configuration information is carried in a second positioning request message; wherein the second positioning request message is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

[0696] In some embodiments, the third determining unit 72 is further configured to determine the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments according to the information used to estimate the location of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

[0697] Those skilled in the art should understand that the relevant description of the above-mentioned position prediction device in the embodiment of the present application can be understood with reference to the relevant description of the position prediction method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0698] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 80 can be a terminal device or a network device. The communication device 80 shown in Figure 24 includes a processor 81, which can call and execute a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0699] Optionally, as shown in Figure 24, the communication device 80 may further include a memory 82. The processor 81 may call and run a computer program from the memory 82 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0700] The memory 82 may be a separate device independent of the processor 81 , or may be integrated into the processor 81 .

[0701] Optionally, as shown in FIG24 , the communication device 80 may further include a transceiver 83 , and the processor 81 may control the transceiver 83 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or to receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0702] The transceiver 83 is also called a communication interface, and is used to receive and send signals when sending and receiving information with other external network elements.

[0703] The transceiver 83 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 83 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0704] Optionally, the communication device 80 may specifically be a network device in an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in each method in the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0705] Optionally, the communication device 80 may specifically be a terminal (mobile terminal / terminal device) in an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal in each method in the embodiment of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0706] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optional chip provided in an embodiment of the present application. The chip 90 shown in Figure 25 includes a processor 91, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0707] Optionally, as shown in FIG25 , the chip 90 may further include a memory 92 , wherein the processor 91 may call and execute a computer program from the memory 92 to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0708] The memory 92 may be a separate device independent of the processor 91 , or may be integrated into the processor 91 .

[0709] Optionally, as shown in FIG25 , the chip 90 may further include a transceiver 93 (also referred to as a communication interface) for receiving and sending signals during the process of sending and receiving information with a device or chip.

[0710] Optionally, the transceiver 93 may include an input interface, wherein the processor 91 may control the input interface to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to receive information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0711] Optionally, the transceiver 93 may include an output interface, wherein the processor 91 may control the output interface to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to send information or data to other devices or chips.

[0712] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0713] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the terminal (mobile terminal / terminal device) in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0714] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0715] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, which stores one or more programs. The one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0716] FIG26 is a schematic diagram of an optional communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG26 , the communication system 2500 includes a terminal 2510 , a first network device 2520 , and a second network device 2530 .

[0717] Among them, the terminal 2510 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the terminal in the above method, and the first network device 2520 and the second network device 2530 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the network device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0718] It should be understood that the processor of the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiment can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or software instructions. The above processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0719] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0720] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are exemplary but not restrictive. For example, the memories in the embodiments of the present application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM RAM (DR RAM), etc. In other words, the memories in the embodiments of the present application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0721] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program.

[0722] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0723] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the terminal (mobile terminal / terminal device) in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program enables the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0724] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0725] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not repeated here.

[0726] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the terminal (mobile terminal / terminal device) in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions enable the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0727] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.

[0728] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they are not described here.

[0729] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the terminal (mobile terminal / terminal device) in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, the computer executes the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0730] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0731] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0732] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0733] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0734] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0735] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0736] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A position prediction method, applied to a terminal, the method comprises: receiving first configuration information; wherein, the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to perform position prediction by using first measurement results respectively corresponding to K first moments; based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments, determining first prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments; wherein, the first measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments received; the first prediction results are related to the position information of the terminal; the second moments are future moments after the first moments; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the determining first prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments comprises: based on the first configuration information and K first measurement results, using a trained position prediction model to determine the first prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the position prediction model comprises: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the first prediction results include: the position information of the terminal, or information for estimating the position of the terminal.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, the information for estimating the position of the terminal includes one or more of the following: time differences of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; round-trip time delays of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; angles of arrival of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; angles of departure of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; reference information received powers of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; multipath measurement information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; line-of-sight indication information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; times of arrival of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, the first prediction results further include: beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; and / or, first probability values of the first prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the first probability values represent the confidence levels of the first prediction results of the terminal.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein, the input data of the position prediction model includes: K first measurement results; or, the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; or, The K first measurement results and first auxiliary information; or, The first configuration information, the K first measurement results, and the first auxiliary information.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The first auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: Indices of one or more first downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; Timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; Timestamp information of the first measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments; Beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; Velocity information of the terminal respectively corresponding to the K first moments.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The beam information of the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: The joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first downlink reference signal; The quasi - co - location QCL type of the first downlink reference signal; The spatial reception filter of the first downlink reference signal.

9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein, The first configuration information includes one or more of the following: first indication information, second indication information, and third indication information; wherein, The first indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; The second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The first indication information includes one or more of the following: The number of the M second moments; The time interval of the M second moments; The system frame numbers respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The slot numbers respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The time of Coordinated Universal Time UTC respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The first configuration information is carried in the first positioning request information sent by the first network device; wherein, the first positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the location information of the terminal.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The first measurement results include one or more of the following: Delay information of the first downlink reference signal; Phase information of the first downlink reference signal; Power information of the first downlink reference signal; Channel impulse response of the first downlink reference signal; Power delay profile of the first downlink reference signal; Delay profile of the first downlink reference signal; Reference signal received power of the first downlink reference signal; Reference signal received path power of the first downlink reference signal; Arrival time of the first downlink reference signal; Uplink arrival time difference of the first downlink reference signal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The method further includes: Sending the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments to a first network device.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments are carried in first positioning response information; wherein, the first positioning response information is used to indicate that the terminal allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), and Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI - RS).

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, the method further includes: Obtaining downlink reference signal configuration information sent by a second network device; Receiving one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments sent by the second network device according to the downlink reference signal configuration information.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, the second network device includes one or more of the following: A base station device in a cell, a transmission and reception point in the base station device, and an antenna node in the base station device.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein, the method further includes: Sending K first measurement results to a first network device.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, the method further includes: Sending first auxiliary information to the first network device.

20. A location prediction method applied to a second network device, the method includes: Receiving second configuration information; wherein, the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to perform location prediction by using second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; Based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, determining second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein, the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals received corresponding to each of the K first moments; the second prediction results are related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, the determining, based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments, of the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments includes: Based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results, using a trained location prediction model to determine the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein, the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein, the second prediction results include: information for estimating the location of the terminal; the information for estimating the location of the terminal includes one or more of the following: The time difference of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The round-trip delay of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The angle of arrival of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The angle of departure of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The received power of the reference information of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The multipath measurement information of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; The line-of-sight indication information of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, The second prediction result further includes: The beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; and / or, The second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the second probability value represents the confidence level of the second prediction result of the terminal.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein, The input data of the position prediction model includes: K second measurement results; or, The second configuration information and the K second measurement results; or, The K second measurement results and the second auxiliary information; or, The second configuration information, the K second measurement results and the second auxiliary information.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein, The second auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: The indexes of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; The timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; The timestamp information of the second measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments; The beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; The speed information of the terminal respectively corresponding to the K first moments.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein, The beam information of the first uplink reference signal includes one or more of the following: The spatial relationship information of the first uplink reference signal configured and / or activated by the second network device; The uplink transmission configuration indication state TCI and / or the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first uplink reference signal; The spatial transmit filter of the first uplink reference signal determined by the terminal; wherein, the spatial transmit filter is determined by the terminal according to the measurement result of the received downlink reference signal; The index of the first uplink reference signal.

27. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein, The second configuration information includes one or more of the following: fourth indication information, fifth indication information and sixth indication information; wherein, The fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; The fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; The sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein, The fourth indication information includes one or more of the following: The number of the M second moments; The time interval of the M second moments; The system frame number corresponding to each of the M second moments; The time slot number corresponding to each of the M second moments; The coordinated universal time (UTC) time corresponding to each of the M second moments.

29. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein, The second configuration information is carried in the second positioning request information sent by the first network device; wherein, the second positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The second network device includes one or more of the following: The base station device in the cell, the transmission and reception point in the base station device, and the antenna node in the base station device.

31. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 30, wherein, The second measurement result includes one or more of the following: The delay information of the first uplink reference signal; The phase information of the first uplink reference signal; The power information of the first uplink reference signal; The channel impulse response of the first uplink reference signal; The power delay profile of the first uplink reference signal; The delay profile of the first uplink reference signal; The reference signal received power of the first uplink reference signal; The reference signal received path power of the first uplink reference signal; The arrival time of the first uplink reference signal; The uplink arrival time difference of the first uplink reference signal.

32. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 31, wherein, The method further includes: Sending the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments to the first network device.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments is carried in the second positioning response information; wherein, the second positioning response information is used to indicate that the second network device allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

34. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 33, wherein, The first uplink reference signal includes: sounding reference signal (SRS).

35. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The method further includes: Sending K second measurement results to the first network device.

36. The method according to claim 35, wherein, The method further includes: Sending second auxiliary information to the first network device.

37. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 36, wherein, The method further includes: One or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments sent by the receiving terminal according to the uplink reference signal configuration information.

38. A location prediction method applied to a first network device, the method comprises: Determine configuration information; wherein, the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to perform location prediction using the measurement results respectively corresponding to K first moments; Based on the configuration information and the measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments, determine the prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments; wherein, The measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the prediction results are related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein, The K measurement results are K first measurement results from the terminal; the K first measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the configuration information is first configuration information; the prediction results are first prediction results; The determining the prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments based on the configuration information and the measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments includes: Based on the first configuration information and the K first measurement results, use a trained location prediction model to determine the first prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

40. The method according to claim 39, wherein, The first prediction results include: the location information of the terminal, or information for estimating the location of the terminal.

41. The method according to claim 40, wherein, The information for estimating the location of the terminal includes one or more of the following: Time differences of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Round-trip delays of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Angles of arrival of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Angles of departure of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Received powers of reference information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Multipath measurement information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Line-of-sight indication information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; Arrival times of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

42. The method according to claim 40 or 41, wherein, The first prediction results further include: Beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; and / or, The first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments; wherein, the first probability value represents the confidence level of the first prediction result of the terminal.

43. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein, the method further includes: receiving first auxiliary information from the terminal.

44. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein, the input data of the location prediction model includes: the K first measurement results; or, the first configuration information and the K first measurement results; or, the K first measurement results and the first auxiliary information; or, the first configuration information, the K first measurement results, and the first auxiliary information.

45. The method according to claim 44, wherein, the first auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: the index of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the timestamp information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the timestamp information of the first measurement results corresponding to each of the K first moments; the beam information of one or more first downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the K first moments; the speed information of the terminal corresponding to each of the K first moments.

46. The method according to claim 45, wherein, the beam information of the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first downlink reference signal; the quasi - co - location QCL type of the first downlink reference signal; the spatial receive filter of the first downlink reference signal.

47. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 46, wherein, the first configuration information includes one or more of the following: first indication information, second indication information, and third indication information; wherein, the first indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the second indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second downlink reference signals corresponding to each of the M second moments; the third indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the first probability value of the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

48. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 47, wherein, the first measurement results include one or more of the following: the delay information of the first downlink reference signal; the phase information of the first downlink reference signal; the power information of the first downlink reference signal; the channel impulse response of the first downlink reference signal; the power delay profile of the first downlink reference signal; the delay profile of the first downlink reference signal; the reference signal received power of the first downlink reference signal; the reference signal received path power of the first downlink reference signal; the arrival time of the first downlink reference signal; the uplink arrival time difference of the first downlink reference signal.

49. The method according to claim 48, wherein, the method further includes: obtaining the first prediction result of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments from the terminal.

50. The method according to claim 49, wherein, the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments are carried in the first positioning response information; wherein, the first positioning response information is used to indicate that the terminal allows the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

51. The method according to any one of claims 39 to 50, wherein, the first downlink reference signal includes one or more of the following: Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), and Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI - RS).

52. The method according to claim 38, wherein, the K measurement results are K second measurement results from a second network device; the K second measurement results are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals corresponding to the K first moments; the configuration information is second configuration information; the prediction result is a second prediction result; determining the prediction results of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments based on the configuration information and the measurement results corresponding to the K first moments respectively, includes: based on the second configuration information and the K second measurement results, using a trained location prediction model to determine the second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments respectively; wherein, the location prediction model includes: a neural network model or a machine learning model.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein, the second prediction result includes: the location information of the terminal, or information for estimating the location of the terminal.

54. The method according to claim 53, wherein, the information for estimating the location of the terminal includes one or more of the following: the time difference of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the round - trip delay of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the angle of arrival of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the angle of departure of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the received power of the reference information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the multipath measurement information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; the line - of - sight indication information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments.

55. The method according to claim 53 or 54, wherein, the second prediction result further includes: the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals corresponding to the M second moments; and / or, the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments; wherein, the second probability value characterizes the confidence level of the second prediction result of the terminal.

56. The method according to any one of claims 52 to 55, wherein, the method further includes: receiving second auxiliary information from the second network device.

57. The method according to any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein, The input data of the location prediction model includes: the K second measurement results; or, the second configuration information and the K second measurement results; or, the K second measurement results and second auxiliary information; or, the second configuration information, the K second measurement results, and the second auxiliary information.

58. According to the method described in claim 57, wherein, the second auxiliary information includes one or more of the following: the index of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the timestamp information of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the timestamp information of the second measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the beam information of one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the speed information of the terminal respectively corresponding to the K first moments.

59. According to the method described in claim 58, wherein, the beam information of the first uplink reference signal includes one or more of the following: the spatial relationship information configured and / or activated by the second network device for the first uplink reference signal; the uplink transmission configuration indication state TCI and / or the joint transmission configuration indication state TCI of the first uplink reference signal; the spatial transmit filter of the first uplink reference signal determined by the terminal; wherein, the spatial transmit filter is determined by the terminal according to the measurement results of the received downlink reference signal; the index of the first uplink reference signal.

60. According to the method described in any one of claims 52 to 59, wherein, the second configuration information includes one or more of the following: fourth indication information, fifth indication information, and sixth indication information; wherein, the fourth indication information is used to indicate the time configuration information of the M second moments; the fifth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the beam information of one or more second uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the M second moments; the sixth indication information is used to indicate whether to predict the second probability value of the second prediction result of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

61. According to the method described in any one of claims 52 to 60, wherein, the second measurement results include one or more of the following: the delay information of the first uplink reference signal; the phase information of the first uplink reference signal; the power information of the first uplink reference signal; the channel impulse response of the first uplink reference signal; the power delay profile of the first uplink reference signal; the delay profile of the first uplink reference signal; the reference signal received power of the first uplink reference signal; the reference signal received path power of the first uplink reference signal; the arrival time of the first uplink reference signal; the uplink arrival time difference of the first uplink reference signal.

62. According to the method described in claim 38, wherein, the method further includes: obtaining the second prediction result of the terminal respectively corresponding to the M second moments from the second network device.

63. According to the method described in claim 62, wherein, The second prediction results of the terminal corresponding to the M second moments are carried in the second positioning response information; wherein, the second positioning response information is used to instruct the second network device to allow the first network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

64. The method according to claim 63, wherein, the second network device includes one or more of the following: a base station device in a cell, a transmission and reception point in the base station device, and an antenna node in the base station device.

65. The method according to any one of claims 52 to 61, wherein, the first uplink reference signal includes: a sounding reference signal SRS.

66. The method according to claim 47 or 60, wherein, the first indication information or the fourth indication information includes one or more of the following: the number of the M second moments; the time interval of the M second moments; the system frame numbers respectively corresponding to the M second moments; the time slot numbers respectively corresponding to the M second moments; the time of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) respectively corresponding to the M second moments.

67. The method according to claim 38, wherein, the method further includes: sending first configuration information to the terminal; or, sending second configuration information to a second network device.

68. The method according to claim 67, wherein, the first configuration information is carried in the first positioning request information; wherein, the first positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the terminal to obtain the location information of the terminal; the second configuration information is carried in the second positioning request information; wherein, the second positioning request information is used to instruct the first network device to request the second network device to obtain the location information of the terminal.

69. The method according to claim 41 or 54, wherein, the method further includes: determining the location information of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments according to the information for estimating the location of the terminal corresponding to each of the M second moments.

70. A location prediction device, applied to a terminal, the device includes: a first acquisition unit, configured to receive first configuration information; wherein, the first configuration information is used to instruct the terminal to perform location prediction by using the first measurement results corresponding to K first moments; a first determination unit, configured to determine the first prediction results of the terminal corresponding to M second moments based on the first configuration information and the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments; wherein, the first measurement results corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first downlink reference signals received corresponding to the K first moments; the first prediction results are related to the location information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

71. A location prediction device, applied to a second network device, the device includes: A second acquisition unit, configured to receive second configuration information; wherein, the second configuration information is used to instruct the second network device to perform position prediction by using second measurement results respectively corresponding to K first moments; A second determination unit, configured to determine second prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments based on the second configuration information and the second measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments; wherein, The second measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more first uplink reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the second prediction results are related to the position information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

72. A position prediction device, applied to a first network device, the device comprises: A third determination unit, configured to determine configuration information; wherein, the configuration information is used to instruct the first network device to perform position prediction by using measurement results respectively corresponding to K first moments; Based on the configuration information and the measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments, determine prediction results of the terminal respectively corresponding to M second moments; wherein, The measurement results respectively corresponding to the K first moments are obtained by measuring one or more reference signals respectively corresponding to the K first moments; the prediction results are related to the position information of the terminal; the second moment is a future moment after the first moment; K and M are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

73. A communication device, the communication device comprises: A memory, configured to store a computer program; A processor, connected to the memory, configured to call and run the computer program from the memory to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or, implement the method according to any one of claims 20 to 37; Implement the method according to any one of claims 38 to 69; A transceiver, configured to receive and send signals during the process of receiving and sending information with other external network elements.

74. A chip, the chip comprises: A memory, configured to store a computer program; A processor, connected to the memory, configured to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or, executes the method according to any one of claims 20 to 37, executes the method according to any one of claims 38 to 69; A transceiver, configured to receive and send signals during the process of receiving and sending information with a device or a chip.

75. A computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by at least one processor, it implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or, implements the method according to any one of claims 20 to 37, or, implements the method according to any one of claims 38 to 69.

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