A traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzed tannin and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzed tannin and application thereof, and relates to the technical fields of traditional Chinese medicine and livestock breeding. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: dandelion 4.5-5.5 parts, whitehead 4.5-5.5 parts, Coptis chinensis 1.5-2.5 parts, Phellodendron chinense 3.5-4.5 parts, Cortex Fraxini 3.5-4.5 parts and gallnut hydrolyzed tannin 15-25 parts. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is compounded by dandelion, whitehead, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Cortex Fraxini and gallnut hydrolyzed tannin, has the effects of clearing heat and resolving toxins, drying dampness and stopping diarrhea, inhibiting bacteria and resisting inflammation and improving intestinal health, can improve the growth efficiency, nutrient utilization rate, immunity and antioxidant level of baby sika deer, is suitable for green and healthy breeding of sika deer, and has high application and popularization values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of traditional Chinese medicine and animal husbandry technology, and in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzable tannins and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Sika deer farming is a specialized aquaculture industry, and its farming model is gradually developing towards large-scale and intensive operations. However, problems such as frequent disease outbreaks are becoming increasingly prominent, hindering the industry's progress towards a green, healthy, and long-term stable model. Young deer, whose physiological functions are not yet fully developed, are prone to low immune levels, intestinal dysfunction, poor absorption and utilization of nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus, and reduced feed efficiency during their growth stages. These issues are detrimental to their survival and growth, and will also affect their subsequent growth and reproductive performance.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations are characterized by their natural origin, high safety, low residue, and minimal pollution, making them promising for application in animal husbandry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a TCM composition suitable for sika deer farming to address technical challenges such as decreased immune function in fawns, low mineral utilization, poor feed conversion efficiency, and high antibiotic dependence during the farming process.

[0004] Plant tannins are a class of polyphenolic compounds widely found in plants. Traditionally, they were thought to have certain anti-nutritional effects, but recent studies have shown that appropriate amounts of plant tannins possess various biological functions, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, immune-regulating, and gut microbiota-improving effects. This invention aims to scientifically combine plant tannins with other traditional Chinese medicines to improve the health of sika deer, especially fawns, while enhancing their nutrient absorption and production performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzable tannins and its application, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art. The traditional Chinese medicine composition of this invention combines hydrolyzable tannins from dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Fraxinus chinensis, and Galla chinensis, possessing the combined effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, drying dampness and stopping dysentery, inhibiting bacteria and inflammation, and improving intestinal health. It can enhance the growth efficiency, nutrient utilization, immunity, and antioxidant levels of fawns, making it suitable for green and healthy sika deer farming and possessing high application and promotion value.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzable tannins for use in sika deer farming, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-5.5 parts of dandelion, 4.5-5.5 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 1.5-2.5 parts of Coptis chinensis, 3.5-4.5 parts of Phellodendron chinense, 3.5-4.5 parts of Fraxinus chinensis, and 15-25 parts of hydrolyzable tannins from Galla chinensis.

[0007] Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts dandelion, 5 parts Pulsatilla chinensis, 2 parts Coptis chinensis, 4 parts Phellodendron chinense, 4 parts Fraxinus chinensis, and 20 parts Gallnut hydrolyzed tannin.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin includes the following steps: Gallnut was extracted using a solvent to obtain an extract; The extract was purified by membrane separation using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to obtain the permeate; The permeate was concentrated and dried to obtain the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin.

[0009] Furthermore, the solvent is water.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the extracted material to the liquid is 1:(5-10).

[0011] Furthermore, the extraction is performed at a pH of 3.5-4.5 and a temperature of 60-80℃.

[0012] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicine composition in the preparation of feed additives, wherein the feed additives have at least one of the functions of (1)-(4): (1) Improve the growth performance of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (2) Improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients in sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (3) Improve the immunity of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (4) Enhance the antioxidant function of sika deer fawns during the weaning period.

[0013] The present invention also provides a feed additive for sika deer farming, wherein the active ingredients include the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicine composition; The feed additive has at least one of the functions of (1)-(4): (1) Improve the growth performance of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (2) Improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients in sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (3) Improve the immunity of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (4) Enhance the antioxidant function of sika deer fawns during the weaning period.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned feed additive in the preparation of feed for sika deer farming.

[0015] The present invention also provides a feed for raising sika deer, comprising the above-mentioned feed additives.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention develops a traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzable tannins for sika deer farming, comprising hydrolyzable tannins from dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Fraxinus chinensis, and Galla chinensis. The efficacy of each component is as follows: Dandelion: It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dissipating nodules, and promoting diuresis and relieving strangury.

[0017] Pulsatilla chinensis: It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and stopping dysentery.

[0018] Coptis chinensis has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying.

[0019] Phellodendron bark has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and eliminating steaming, and detoxifying and healing sores.

[0020] Fraxinus bark: It has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, astringing and stopping dysentery, and improving eyesight.

[0021] Tannins have astringent, antidiarrheal, and hemostatic effects.

[0022] When the above-mentioned components are combined, they work together to clear heat and detoxify, dry dampness and stop diarrhea, inhibit bacteria and reduce inflammation, and improve intestinal health. This helps to alleviate diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in weaned sika deer fawns caused by damp heat, and can improve the body's health to a certain extent.

[0023] The hydrolyzed tannin-containing traditional Chinese medicine composition provided by this invention is scientifically formulated and synergistically effective, significantly improving the growth, digestion, immunity, and antioxidant function of weaned sika deer fawns. Experimental results show that adding 1.0–6.0 wt% of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to the basal diet effectively enhances the growth performance of fawns, with the 3.0 wt% addition group exhibiting the lowest feed conversion ratio and the best feed conversion efficiency. Regarding nutrient digestibility, the addition of this invention's traditional Chinese medicine composition significantly improves the apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, crude protein, crude fat, and fiber in fawns. In terms of immune indicators, the serum immunoglobulin IgM content in each experimental group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the composition can effectively activate humoral immunity and enhance the disease resistance of fawns. Regarding antioxidant function, the 3.0 wt% addition group showed significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating enhanced antioxidant stress resistance.

[0024] In summary, the traditional Chinese medicine composition of this invention, which combines dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Fraxinus chinensis bark, and gallnut hydrolyzed tannins, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, drying dampness and stopping dysentery, inhibiting bacteria and inflammation, and improving intestinal health. It can improve the growth efficiency, nutrient utilization, immunity and antioxidant level of sika deer fawns, and is suitable for green and healthy breeding of sika deer, and has high application and promotion value. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0027] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0029] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0030] Example 1 Preparation method of gallnut hydrolyzed tannins: S1. Raw material pretreatment and extraction: Dry, mold-free gallnut raw materials were taken, washed, crushed, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain gallnut powder. The gallnut powder was put into an extraction tank, purified water was added at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:5, the pH was adjusted to 3.5, and the extraction was carried out three times at 60℃ with stirring, each time for 1 hour, and the extracts were combined.

[0031] S2. Membrane separation and purification: The extract obtained in step S1 was centrifuged (3500 rpm, 10 min) to remove large particles of residue. Purification was then performed using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da at an operating pressure of 0.5 MPa. The permeate was collected. This step removed large non-tannin components such as proteins and polysaccharides.

[0032] S3. Tannic acid enrichment and drying: The permeate obtained in step S2 was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50°C to a solid content of 20 wt%, and then spray-dried to obtain gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material. The tannic acid purity of the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material prepared in this embodiment was controlled between 70% and 80%, and the detection method referred to "LY / T 1642-2005".

[0033] Example 2 Preparation method of gallnut hydrolyzed tannins: S1. Raw material pretreatment and extraction: Dry, mold-free gallnut raw materials were taken, washed, crushed, and passed through a 15-mesh sieve to obtain gallnut powder. The gallnut powder was put into an extraction tank, purified water was added at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:8, the pH was adjusted to 4, and the extraction was carried out three times at 70℃, each time for 1.5 hours. The extracts were then combined.

[0034] S2. Membrane separation and purification: The extract obtained in step S1 was centrifuged (3500 rpm, 10 min) to remove large particles of residue. Purification was then performed using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da at an operating pressure of 0.7 MPa. The permeate was collected. This step removed large non-tannin components such as proteins and polysaccharides.

[0035] S3. Tannic acid enrichment and drying: The permeate obtained in step S2 was concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C to a solid content of 25 wt%, and then spray-dried to obtain gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material. The tannic acid purity of the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material prepared in this embodiment was controlled between 70% and 80%, and the detection method referred to "LY / T 1642-2005".

[0036] Example 3 Preparation method of gallnut hydrolyzed tannins: S1. Raw material pretreatment and extraction: Dry, mold-free gallnut raw materials were taken, washed, crushed, and passed through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain gallnut powder. The gallnut powder was put into an extraction tank, purified water was added at a material-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, the pH was adjusted to 4.5, and the extraction was carried out three times at 80℃ with stirring, each time for 2 hours. The extracts were then combined.

[0037] S2. Membrane separation and purification: The extract obtained in step S1 was centrifuged (3500 rpm, 10 min) to remove large particles of residue. Purification was then performed using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da at an operating pressure of 1.0 MPa. The permeate was collected. This step removed large non-tannin components such as proteins and polysaccharides.

[0038] S3. Tannic acid enrichment and drying: The permeate obtained in step S2 was concentrated under reduced pressure at 70°C to a solid content of 30 wt%, and then spray-dried to obtain gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material. The tannic acid purity of the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin raw material prepared in this embodiment was controlled between 70% and 80%, and the detection method referred to "LY / T 1642-2005".

[0039] The following uses the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin prepared in Example 1 as an example to prepare a traditional Chinese medicine composition suitable for sika deer farming.

[0040] Example 4 A traditional Chinese medicine composition suitable for sika deer farming, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 4.5 parts dandelion, 5.5 parts Pulsatilla chinensis, 1.5 parts Coptis chinensis, 4.5 parts Phellodendron chinense, 3.5 parts Fraxinus chinensis, and 25 parts of hydrolyzed tannins of Galla chinensis prepared in Example 1.

[0041] Preparation method: Dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense and Fraxinus chinensis are pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Then, they are mixed with gallnut hydrolyzed tannins according to the above raw material formula to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0042] Example 5 A traditional Chinese medicine composition suitable for sika deer farming, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts dandelion, 5 parts Pulsatilla chinensis, 2 parts Coptis chinensis, 4 parts Phellodendron chinense, 4 parts Fraxinus chinensis, and 20 parts of hydrolyzed tannins of Galla chinensis prepared in Example 1.

[0043] Preparation method: Dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense and Fraxinus chinensis are pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Then, they are mixed with gallnut hydrolyzed tannins according to the above raw material formula to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0044] Example 6 A traditional Chinese medicine composition suitable for sika deer farming, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 5.5 parts dandelion, 4.5 parts Pulsatilla chinensis, 2.5 parts Coptis chinensis, 3.5 parts Phellodendron chinense, 4.5 parts Fraxinus chinensis, and 15 parts of hydrolyzed tannins of Galla chinensis prepared in Example 1.

[0045] Preparation method: Dandelion, Pulsatilla chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense and Fraxinus chinensis are pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve. Then, they are mixed with gallnut hydrolyzed tannins according to the above raw material formula to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0046] Example 1 of effect verification 1. Materials and Methods 1.1 Test Materials The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in Example 5.

[0047] 1.2 Experimental Design This invention selected 24 healthy sika deer aged 3 months with similar weights (30.43±4.46 kg) and randomly divided them into 4 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 1 deer per replicate. Group A served as the control group, fed a basal diet; Groups B, C, and D served as the experimental groups, with 1.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, and 6.0 wt% of a traditional Chinese medicine composition added to their basal diet, respectively. The pre-trial period was 7 days, and the formal trial period was 90 days. The diet composition and nutritional levels are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diet (air-dried basal diet) Note: 1) Each kilogram of premix contains: VA 248400 IU, VD 349680 IU, VE 82.8 IU, VK 323 mg; VB1 9.2 mg, VB2 69 mg, VB 12 0.138 mg; folic acid 2.3 mg, niacin 162 mg, calcium pantothenate 115 mg; FeSO4·H2O 5.3 g, MnSO4 4· H2O 4.3 g, ZnSO4·H2O 3.6 g, NaSeO3 3.1 g; CaHPO4 517 g, CaCO3 457 g. 2) The nutrient levels are measured values.

[0049] 1.3 Feeding and Management Disease testing was conducted on the sika deer before the experiment. Throughout the experiment, all groups were fed and managed in a unified manner, with feeding at 04:30 and 15:30 daily, free access to water, and regular disinfection of the enclosures.

[0050] 1.4 Sample Collection and Processing 1.4.1 Fecal sample collection Fecal samples were collected during the experimental periods of 1–45 days and 46–90 days, respectively. Three days before the end of the experiment, before morning feeding, 6 bags of fresh fecal samples were collected from each group, each bag weighing approximately 100 grams. After removing deer hair and grit, the samples were mixed evenly and divided into two portions: one portion was treated with 10% dilute sulfuric acid for nitrogen fixation, dried at 65°C to constant weight, pulverized, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an air-dried sample; the other portion was sterilized at 85°C for 2 hours, dried and pulverized in the same manner, and passed through an 18-mesh sieve for later use.

[0051] 1.4.2 Blood Sample Collection On the first, fourth, and ninth days of the experiment, sika deer were anesthetized before morning feeding, and jugular vein blood was collected. After the blood samples were allowed to stand in coagulation tubes with separating gel to separate the serum, they were centrifuged at 3500 r / min for 10 minutes, aliquoted into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes, and stored at -80℃ for testing.

[0052] 1.5 Measurement Indicators and Methods 1.5.1 Growth performance determination On days 1, 45, and 90 of the experiment, fasting sika deer were anesthetized before morning feeding, and their body weight was measured. Daily feed intake was recorded. After the experiment, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were calculated.

[0053] ADFI = Total feed intake during the trial period / Number of trial days; ADG = (Final weight at test - Initial weight at test) / Number of test days; Material weight ratio (F / G) = ADFI / ADG.

[0054] 1.5.2 Determination of Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined according to GB / T 6435-2014, GB / T 6432-2018, GB / T 6433-2006, GB / T 6437-2018, and GB / T 20806-2006. Acid-insoluble ash (AIA) was used as an endogenous indicator to calculate the apparent digestibility of each nutrient component. The apparent digestibility (%) of a nutrient was calculated as follows: 100% - 100% × (Acid-insoluble ash content in the diet / Acid-insoluble ash content in the feces × Nutrient content in the feces / Nutrient content in the diet).

[0055] 1.5.3 Determination of serum biochemical indicators The processed serum was removed from the -80 ℃ freezer and thawed at 4 ℃. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were measured using a kit from Shanghai Enzyme-Linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected using a kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.

[0056] 1.6 Data Analysis Experimental data were preprocessed using Excel 2016, and then one-way ANOVA was performed using SAS 9.4 software. Duncan's method was used for multiple comparison analysis to determine the significance of differences between groups. P <0.05 indicates a significant difference. P <0.01 indicates a highly significant difference. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

[0057] 2. Results and Analysis 2.1 Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on the Growth Performance of Sika Deer Fawns During Weaning Table 2 shows that the average daily weight gain in the later stage of the experiment was highest in group C, 20% higher than that in group A. The feed conversion ratio first increased and then decreased with the increase of the amount of traditional Chinese medicine composition added, with group C having the lowest feed conversion ratio, 1.67% lower than that in group A. This indicates that although the feed intake of sika deer fawns decreased during the weaning period, the traditional Chinese medicine composition could still improve the growth performance of fawns to some extent.

[0058] Table 2. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Growth Performance of Sika Deer Fawns at Weaning Period 2.2 Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Weaned Sika Deer Fawns As shown in Table 3, on day 45, the apparent digestibility of calcium in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group A. P <0.01), which increased by 12.17% and 19.21% respectively; the apparent digestibility of P and CP in group D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 8.80% and 18.84% respectively; the apparent digestibility of EE in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.05), which increased by 9.68% and 8.74% respectively; the apparent digestibility of NDF in group C was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 9.14%; the apparent digestibility of ADF in group D was significantly higher than that in group B ( P <0.01), an increase of 14.02%. On day 90, the apparent digestibility of calcium in groups B, C, and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 8.90%, 8.26%, and 14.42%, respectively; the apparent digestibility of P and CP in group D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 3.06% and 7.39% respectively; the apparent digestibility of EE in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.05), which increased by 8.34% and 5.78% respectively; the apparent digestibility of NDF in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P<0.01), which increased by 10.12% and 8.72% respectively; the apparent digestibility of ADF in groups B, C, and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 7.71%, 9.14%, and 8.63%, respectively. The results indicate that adding different amounts of traditional Chinese medicine composition to the diet effectively improved the digestibility of nutrients in weaned sika deer fawns, and also optimized the body's metabolic regulation function.

[0059] Table 3. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Weaned Sika Deer Fawns Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of peer data indicate significant differences. P <0.05), different capital letters in the shoulder labels of peer data indicate extremely significant differences ( P <0.01).

[0060] 2.3 Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Composition on Serum Immune Indicators of Sika Deer Fawns During Weaning As shown in Table 4, on day 45, serum IgM in group D was 20% higher than that in group A, with a significant difference. P <0.05); on day 90, serum IgM in groups B, C, and D was significantly higher than that in group A ( P <0.01), which increased by 10.98%, 12.14%, and 17.34% respectively. It can be seen that the addition level of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in group C is the most reasonable, which is beneficial to improving the immunity of weaned fawns and promoting their healthy development.

[0061] Table 4. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Serum Immune Indicators of Sika Deer Fawns at Weaning Period Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of peer data indicate significant differences. P <0.05), different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences ( P <0.01); in the table P The value columns represent the significant differences between the means of groups B, C, and D and group A.

[0062] 2.4 Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Serum Antioxidant Indicators of Sika Deer Fawns During Weaning As shown in Table 5, up to day 45 of the experiment, there were no significant differences in serum biochemical indicators among the groups; however, on day 90, the serum GSH-Px in group C was significantly higher than that in group A. P <0.05), an increase of 8.78%; serum MDA in groups B, C, and D was significantly lower than that in group A ( PThe levels of GSH-Px, T-AOC, and T-SOD in the diets decreased by 4.92%, 3.69%, and 5.13%, respectively, compared to <0.05%. As the fawns grew older, the serum levels of GSH-Px, T-AOC, and T-SOD in each group showed a significant increasing trend. This indicates that as the fawns developed and adapted to the diets with different herbal combinations, their antioxidant capacity improved. Specifically, adding 3.0 wt% of the herbal combination to the diet significantly enhanced the antioxidant function of weaned sika deer fawns.

[0063] Table 5. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compositions on Serum Antioxidant Indicators of Sika Deer Fawns at Weaning Period Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of peer data indicate significant differences. P <0.05); in the table P The value columns represent the significant differences between the means of groups B, C, and D and group A.

[0064] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine composition containing hydrolyzable tannins for use in sika deer farming, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine composition is made from the following components in parts by weight: 4.5-5.5 parts of dandelion, 4.5-5.5 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 1.5-2.5 parts of Coptis chinensis, 3.5-4.5 parts of Phellodendron chinense, 3.5-4.5 parts of Fraxinus chinensis, and 15-25 parts of hydrolyzed tannins from Galla chinensis. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has at least one of the functions of (1)-(4): (1) Improve the growth performance of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (2) Improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients in sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (3) Improve the immunity of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (4) Enhance the antioxidant function of sika deer fawns during the weaning period.

2. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traditional Chinese medicine composition is made from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts dandelion, 5 parts Pulsatilla chinensis, 2 parts Coptis chinensis, 4 parts Phellodendron chinense, 4 parts Fraxinus chinensis, and 20 parts hydrolyzed tannins from Galla chinensis.

3. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin includes the following steps: Gallnut was extracted using a solvent to obtain an extract; The extract was purified by membrane separation using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3000 Da to obtain the permeate; The permeate was concentrated and dried to obtain the gallnut hydrolyzed tannin.

4. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, The solvent is water.

5. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the extracted material to the liquid is 1:(5-10).

6. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 4, characterized in that, The extraction was performed at a pH of 3.5-4.5 and a temperature of 60-80℃.

7. The use of a traditional Chinese medicine composition as described in any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of feed additives, characterized in that, The feed additive has at least one of the functions of (1)-(4): (1) Improve the growth performance of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (2) Improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients in sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (3) Improve the immunity of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (4) Enhance the antioxidant function of sika deer fawns during the weaning period.

8. A feed additive for sika deer farming, characterized in that, The active ingredients include the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to any one of claims 1-6; The feed additive has at least one of the functions of (1)-(4): (1) Improve the growth performance of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (2) Improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients in sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (3) Improve the immunity of sika deer fawns during the weaning period; (4) Enhance the antioxidant function of sika deer fawns during the weaning period.

9. The use of the feed additive as described in claim 8 in the preparation of feed for sika deer farming.

10. A feed for raising sika deer, characterized in that, Includes the feed additive as described in claim 8.

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