A full-pose laser electric arc composite fuse device and method based on gas-magnetic same control

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of full pose laser electric arc composite fuse device and method based on gas magnetic same control, it is related to full pose laser-electric arc composite coaxial fuse welding field, including laser-electric arc composite coaxial fuse system, still including adjustable magnetic ring system and workpiece;The laser-electric arc composite coaxial fuse system includes laser-electric arc composite coaxial fuse shell, and the laser-electric arc composite coaxial fuse shell is provided with fiber laser, and the output end bottom of the fiber laser is provided with reflecting mirror piece, and the reflection direction of the laser that the fiber laser emits is refracted after reflecting mirror piece is provided with beam combining mirror piece;The driving force loss of droplet transfer under the condition of overhead welding is caused by the mode of improving droplet transfer efficiency and stability by high-speed airflow and adjustable magnetic ring cooperative control, and the problems, such as insufficient droplet transfer capacity, poor welding forming quality and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of all-position laser-arc composite coaxial wire welding, specifically relating to an all-position laser-arc composite wire welding device and method based on gas-magnetic co-control. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of shipbuilding and repair technologies, the demand for automated welding and repair of piping systems and high-level stiffeners within the confined spaces of ship cabins is becoming increasingly urgent. The unique gravity environment in these operations makes it difficult for welding droplets to enter the molten pool, resulting in poor pool stability, and significant spatter can negatively impact laser welding equipment. Therefore, accurately controlling droplet transition behavior and effectively blocking reverse spatter through external means to achieve efficient and stable welding of complex ship structures is one of the key technical bottlenecks in the current promotion of coaxial laser-arc additive manufacturing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a full-position laser-arc composite fuse device and method based on gas-magnetic co-control, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a full-position laser-arc composite fuse device based on gas-magnetic co-control, comprising a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system, and further comprising an adjustable magnetic ring system and a workpiece; The laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system includes a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse housing, on which a fiber laser is mounted. A reflective mirror is mounted at the bottom of the output end of the fiber laser. A beam combiner is mounted in the direction of the laser emitted by the fiber laser after being refracted by the reflective mirror. The beam combiner and the reflective mirror are at the same angle and on the same horizontal plane. A semiconductor laser is mounted on the top of the beam combiner. The refractive end of the beam combiner is provided with a beam expander and a hollow reflector. A focusing lens is provided at the bottom of the hollow reflector. The beam expander converts the fiber laser and semiconductor laser into a hollow laser. The hollow laser is focused onto the welding wire and the workpiece by the hollow reflector and the focusing lens. An adjustable magnetic ring system is set at the bottom of the focusing lens and at the top of the workpiece. The adjustable magnetic ring system includes a magnetic field track frame set at the outer edge of the focusing lens. Several magnetic field units are arranged in a circular array at the outer edge of the magnetic field track frame. Several fiber laser monitoring units are set at the bottom of the magnetic field track frame. It also includes a compressed air pipe, which is inclined and used to blow compressed air into the welding area; The relative angle between the central axis of the compressed air pipe and the axis of the welding wire is 20°~40°, the axial distance from the nozzle end face of the compressed air pipe to the surface of the molten pool is 10mm~20mm, and the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle of the compressed air pipe is 1.5mm²~2.5mm², preferably 2mm².

[0005] Furthermore, by adjusting the compressed air flow rate output from the compressed air pipe, the magnitude of the compressed air flow rate is positively correlated with the magnitude of the relative angle.

[0006] A compressed air pipe is provided at an angle, and the flow rate of compressed air applied by the compressed air pipe gradually increases with the angle of inclination to prevent molten droplets from falling into the equipment.

[0007] Preferably, the compressed air flow rate The calculation method is as follows: ; Where v1 is the conventional gas flow rate, typically taken as 50 m / s; D is the droplet diameter, which depends on the welding spatter size, typically taken as 2 mm or less; ρ metal ρ is the density of the metal; g is the acceleration due to gravity, usually taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 θ is the tilt angle, specifically the angle between the equipment axis and the vertical line of gravity, C d ρ is the drag coefficient, usually taken as 0.44; ai r The density of air is taken as 1.225 kg / m³ at normal temperature and pressure. 3 ; n is the safety factor, usually taken as 2.0; for overhead welding of aluminum alloys, v g 33 m / s is acceptable.

[0008] Preferably, the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle of the compressed air pipe is 1.5 mm² to 2.5 mm², and more preferably 2 mm².

[0009] Preferably, the adjustable magnetic ring system introduces centrifugal force by adding a longitudinal magnetic field, causing the molten droplet to begin rotating, prompting it to fall and refine the droplet. The specific relationship between the refined molten pool size and the surface tension of the metal is as follows: ; Where σ is the surface tension coefficient; I is the welding current; and B is the magnetic field strength.

[0010] Preferably, the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system has an angle difference θ with the workpiece. 差 It is related to the tilt angle θ, and the relationship formula is as follows: ; Wherein, the angle difference θ差 Fixed on the gravity side, i.e., the actual tilt angle θ of the equipment. 实际 The calculation method is as follows: .

[0011] A method for operating a full-position laser-arc composite fuse device based on gas-magnetic co-control, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1. Adjust the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system to be perpendicular to the workpiece. Use the monitoring unit to obtain the bevel shape, size, and thickness of the workpiece. Based on the level in the monitoring unit, obtain the angle between the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system and gravity to solve for the optimal laser power, wire feed speed, airflow speed, and magnetic field strength. The solution process is as follows: ; Among them, v f For the wire feeding speed, A fill v is the cross-sectional area to fill the weld. w For welding speed, r w Let A be the radius of the welding wire. fill The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, Here, b is the clearance coefficient, H is the plate thickness, and K is the assembly clearance. g Here, h is the bevel shape factor, and h is the blunt edge height. From this, the required laser power P can be calculated. ; in, For the specific heat capacity of the material, Melting point The initial ambient temperature, The latent heat of fusion of the material; S2. Synchronize the laser power, wire feed speed, and airflow intensity in the above parameters to the laser-arc composite coaxial welding wire system, and synchronize the magnetic field intensity to the adjustable magnetic ring system equipment, and start welding; S3. The welding wire melting process is monitored in real time by the monitoring unit, and the corresponding droplet size is transmitted to the laser-arc composite coaxial welding wire system. When the droplet size is greater than 2mm, the magnetic field strength is increased by the magnetic field unit to force the droplet size to decrease. S4. When the droplet size decreases to 1.5 mm or below, stop increasing the magnetic field strength and monitor the droplet size in real time until the welding is completed.

[0012] Preferably, the monitoring unit determines the droplet size by calculating the equivalent spherical diameter of the droplet, and the specific determination steps include: Obtain the monitored equivalent sphere diameter of the molten droplet and compare it with the diameter of the welding wire used to calculate the ratio; When the ratio is greater than or equal to a preset threshold coefficient, the droplet size is determined to be too large, and a trigger is activated according to the formula. Parameters are adjusted; preferably, the preset threshold coefficient is 1.7.

[0013] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: By combining the effects of high-speed airflow and magnetic field, a driving force is provided for the transition behavior of laser-arc composite coaxial wire additive manufacturing under overhead welding conditions. The corresponding airflow velocity and magnetic field strength are matched according to different gravitational angles and material types to achieve precise droplet transition in the laser-arc composite coaxial wire process under overhead welding conditions. This invention improves the droplet transition efficiency and stability by using high-speed airflow and adjustable magnetic ring for coordinated control, solving the problems of insufficient droplet transition capability and poor welding quality caused by the lack of driving force for droplet transition under overhead welding conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a full-position laser-arc composite coaxial fuse device; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse in all positions under overhead welding angle.

[0015] In the diagram: 10. Laser-arc composite coaxial fuse housing; 11. Fiber laser; 12. Reflecting mirror; 13. Beam combiner; 14. Semiconductor laser; 15. Beam expander; 16. Hollow reflector; 17. Coaxial wire feeding and arc initiation equipment; 18. Focusing mirror; 19. Compressed air pipe; 40. Magnetic field track frame; 41. Magnetic field unit; 42. Monitoring unit; 5. Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] This invention provides, for example Figures 1-2 The device and method for a full-position laser-arc composite fuse based on gas-magnetic co-control shown in the figure include a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system, an adjustable magnetic ring system, and a workpiece 5. The laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system is used to provide a ring-shaped composite laser and a coaxial arc to melt the welding wire and achieve coaxial additive manufacturing. It includes a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse housing 10, a fiber laser 11, a reflecting mirror 12, a beam combining mirror 13, a semiconductor laser 14, a beam amplifying mirror 15, a hollow reflecting mirror 16, a coaxial wire feeding and arc initiation device 17, a focusing mirror 18, and a compressed air pipe 19. The beam amplifying mirror 15 converts the fiber laser 11 and the semiconductor laser 14 into a hollow laser, which is then focused onto the welding wire and the workpiece 5 by the hollow reflecting mirror 16 and the focusing mirror 18. Optionally, the compressed air flow rate applied by the compressed air pipe 19 gradually increases with the tilt angle to prevent molten droplets from falling into the equipment. The compressed air flow rate is calculated as follows: ; Where v1 is the conventional gas flow rate, typically taken as 50 m / s; D is the droplet diameter, which depends on the welding spatter size, typically taken as 2 mm or less; ρ metal ρ is the density of the metal; g is the acceleration due to gravity, usually taken as 9.8 m / s². 2 θ is the tilt angle, C d ρ is the drag coefficient, usually taken as 0.44; metal The density of air is taken as 1.225 kg / m³ at normal temperature and pressure. 3 ; n is the safety factor, usually taken as 2.0; for overhead welding of aluminum alloys, v g 33 m / s is acceptable.

[0018] The adjustable magnetic ring system is used to provide an alternating magnetic field under all orientation conditions to drive the droplet transition. It includes a magnetic field track frame 40, a magnetic field unit 41, and a monitoring unit 42. The magnetic field unit 41 can adjust the alternating frequency of the magnetic field according to the actual device orientation, and the magnetic field current is adjusted in real time with the device orientation to ensure stable droplet transition under all orientation conditions.

[0019] The adjustable magnetic ring system introduces centrifugal force by adding a longitudinal magnetic field, causing the molten droplet to begin rotating, prompting it to fall and refine the droplet. The size of the refined molten pool is related to the surface tension of the metal, and the specific relationship is as follows: ; Where σ is the surface tension coefficient; I is the welding current; and B is the magnetic field strength.

[0020] The magnetic core of the magnetic field unit 41 is uniformly arranged, and the magnetic field generated is parallel to the direction of the welding wire, with a magnetic field strength higher than 10 mT.

[0021] The thickness of the workpiece 5 is applicable to a range of 1-10mm, and the applicable materials are metals such as steel, titanium, aluminum, and magnesium. The angle of the workpiece is 0~360°.

[0022] The angle difference θ between the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system 1 and the workpiece 5 差 Related to the tilt angle θ, its empirical formula is as follows: ; Wherein, the angle difference θ 差 Fixed on the gravity side, i.e., the actual tilt angle θ of the equipment. 实际 The calculation method is as follows: ; Example 1: This example provides a method for all-position laser-arc composite coaxial fuse control using high-speed airflow and adjustable magnetic ring, including the following steps: S1, the six-axis robot adjusts the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system to make it perpendicular to the workpiece 5, obtains the angle between the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system and gravity, and obtains the bevel shape, size and workpiece thickness, to obtain the optimal laser power, wire feeding speed, airflow speed and magnetic field strength. S2, synchronize the above parameters to the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system, adjustable magnetic ring system and other equipment, and start welding; S3, the welding wire melting process is monitored in real time by the monitoring unit 42, and the corresponding droplet size is transmitted to the laser-arc composite coaxial welding wire system. If the droplet size is determined to be greater than 2 mm, the magnetic field strength is increased to force the droplet size to decrease. S4. When the droplet size decreases to 1.5 mm or below, stop increasing the magnetic field strength and monitor the droplet size in real time until the welding is completed.

[0023] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full pose laser-arc hybrid wire device based on gas-magnetic co-control, comprising a laser-arc hybrid coaxial wire system, characterized in that: It also includes an adjustable magnetic ring system and a workpiece; The laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system includes a laser-arc composite coaxial fuse housing, on which a fiber laser is mounted. A reflective mirror is mounted at the bottom of the output end of the fiber laser. A beam combiner is mounted in the direction of the laser emitted by the fiber laser after being refracted by the reflective mirror. The beam combiner and the reflective mirror are at the same angle and on the same horizontal plane. A semiconductor laser is mounted on the top of the beam combiner. The refractive end of the beam combiner is provided with a beam expander and a hollow reflector. A focusing lens is provided at the bottom of the hollow reflector. The beam expander converts the fiber laser and semiconductor laser into a hollow laser. The hollow laser is focused onto the welding wire and the workpiece by the hollow reflector and the focusing lens. An adjustable magnetic ring system is set at the bottom of the focusing lens and at the top of the workpiece. The adjustable magnetic ring system includes a magnetic field track frame set at the outer edge of the focusing lens. Several magnetic field units are arranged in a circular array at the outer edge of the magnetic field track frame. Several fiber laser monitoring units are set at the bottom of the magnetic field track frame. It also includes a compressed air pipe, which is inclined and used to blow compressed air into the welding area; The relative angle between the central axis of the compressed air pipe and the axis of the welding wire is 20°~40°, the axial distance from the nozzle end face of the compressed air pipe to the surface of the molten pool is 10mm~20mm, and the equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle of the compressed air pipe is 1.5mm²~2.5mm². Furthermore, by adjusting the compressed air flow rate output from the compressed air pipe, the magnitude of the compressed air flow rate is made to be positively correlated with the magnitude of the relative angle. said compressed air flow The calculation is as follows: ； wherein v1 is the regular air flow rate, taken as 50 m / s; D is the droplet diameter, depending on the welding spatter size, taken as 2 mm or less; p metal is the metal density; g is the acceleration of gravity, taken as 9.8 m / s 2 ; q is the inclination angle, specifically the included angle between the equipment axis and the gravity vertical line, C d is the resistance coefficient, taken as 0.44; p ai r is the air density, taken as 1.225 kg / m 3 at normal temperature and pressure; n is the safety factor, taken as 2.0; for aluminum alloy overhead welding, v g is taken as 33 m / s; The angle difference θ between the laser-arc combined coaxial wire system and the workpiece 差 The relationship formula related to the inclination angle θ is as follows: ； where the angle difference θ 差 Fixed on the gravity side, that is, the actual device tilt angle θ 实际 The calculation is as follows: 。 2. The full pose laser electric arc hybrid wire device based on gas-magnetic co-control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equivalent cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle of the compressed air pipe is 1.5mm² to 2.5mm².

3. The full pose laser electric arc hybrid wire device based on gas-magnetic co-control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable magnetic ring system introduces centrifugal force by adding a longitudinal magnetic field, causing the molten droplet to begin rotating, prompting it to fall and refine the droplet. The specific relationship between the refined molten pool size and the surface tension of the metal is as follows: ； Where σ is the surface tension coefficient; I is the welding current; and B is the magnetic field strength.

4. The operating method of a full pose laser electric arc hybrid wire device based on gas-magnetic co-control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Adjust the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system to be perpendicular to the workpiece. Use the monitoring unit to obtain the bevel shape, size, and thickness of the workpiece. Based on the level in the monitoring unit, obtain the angle between the laser-arc composite coaxial fuse system and gravity to solve for the optimal laser power, wire feed speed, airflow speed, and magnetic field strength. The solution process is as follows: ； where v f is the wire feed speed, A fill is the weld bead cross-sectional area, v w is the welding speed, r w is the wire radius, where A fill The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, Here, b is the clearance coefficient, H is the plate thickness, and K is the assembly clearance. g Here, h is the bevel shape factor, and h is the blunt edge height. From this, the required laser power P can be calculated: ； in, For the specific heat capacity of the material, Melting point The initial ambient temperature, The latent heat of fusion of the material; S2. Synchronize the laser power, wire feed speed, and airflow intensity to the laser-arc composite coaxial welding wire system, and synchronize the magnetic field intensity to the adjustable magnetic ring system equipment to begin welding. S3. The welding wire melting process is monitored in real time by the monitoring unit, and the corresponding droplet size is transmitted to the laser-arc composite coaxial welding wire system. When the droplet size is greater than 2mm, the magnetic field strength is increased by the magnetic field unit to force the droplet size to decrease. S4. When the droplet size decreases to 1.5 mm or below, stop increasing the magnetic field strength and monitor the droplet size in real time until the welding is completed.

5. The operation method of the all-position laser-arc composite fuse device based on gas-magnetic co-control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring unit determines the droplet size by calculating the equivalent sphere diameter of the droplet. The specific determination steps include: Obtain the monitored equivalent sphere diameter of the molten droplet and compare it with the diameter of the welding wire used to calculate the ratio; When the ratio is greater than or equal to a preset threshold coefficient, the droplet size is determined to be too large, and a trigger is activated according to the formula. ; Perform parameter adjustment.

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