Anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode and its efficient and rapid activation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of anion exchange membrane electrolytic water membrane electrode and its high-efficiency quick activation method, belong to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.The method comprises: the anode, cathode and anion exchange membrane are assembled into single cell and are input electrolyte;Initial voltage is applied to start electrolytic cell;Voltage is gradually increased with preset voltage step, keep preset time at each voltage step, until target voltage is reached, form an activation cycle;Multiple activation cycles are repeated, and current change is monitored in real time during activation, the current change rate at the same voltage step in adjacent two activation cycles is calculated, and activation is stopped when the current change rate is less than the preset threshold value.The application realizes the rapid and controllable activation of membrane electrode by stepwise cyclic voltage increase combined with current change rate criterion, significantly shortens the activation time, avoids electrochemical impact, and improves the performance stability and consistency of membrane electrode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and in particular to an anion exchange membrane electrolysis electrode and its efficient and rapid activation method. Background Technology

[0002] Anion exchange membrane (EEM) water electrolysis for hydrogen production is an emerging green hydrogen production technology that combines the low cost of alkaline water electrolysis with the high efficiency of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, making it a highly promising green hydrogen production technology. Newly assembled anion exchange membrane electrolysis electrodes typically do not have optimal catalyst active sites, membrane-electrode three-phase interface structure, and ion conduction channels. If put directly into operation, they often exhibit high initial overpotential, large current fluctuations, or rapid performance degradation. Therefore, an activation process is required to improve interfacial contact, promote ion conduction, and fully activate the catalyst.

[0003] Current technologies primarily employ either the constant voltage method or the constant current method. The constant voltage method typically applies a high operating voltage for extended periods, which can easily lead to mechanical stress on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) due to excessive initial current and rapid gas production, damaging the catalyst layer or membrane interface structure. The constant current method applies a constant current, but the initial voltage may be too high, also posing a risk of impact. Furthermore, both methods lack effective monitoring of the activation process, often relying on experience to set fixed activation times, typically requiring several hours or even tens of hours. This results in under-activation or over-activation, leading to high energy consumption, low efficiency, and poor batch consistency. The lengthy activation process hinders quality and cost control in large-scale production and limits the rapid start-up and application of electrolytic reactors. Existing activation methods do not consider the voltage variation characteristics during activation, making it difficult to optimize activation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of long activation time, easy damage to membrane electrodes, and lack of effective termination criteria in existing technologies, this application proposes an anion exchange membrane electrolysis water electrode and its efficient and rapid activation method, which achieves rapid, mild, and controllable activation of the membrane electrode, significantly shortening the activation time and improving activation consistency.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a highly efficient and rapid activation method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode, comprising the following steps: S1. Assemble the anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane into a single cell and pass an electrolyte through it; S2. Apply an initial voltage to start the single battery; S3. After startup, the applied voltage is gradually increased from the initial voltage with a preset voltage step size. The voltage is maintained for a preset time at each voltage step until the preset target voltage is reached, thus forming an activation cycle. S4. Repeat the activation cycle described above; S5. Throughout the activation process, monitor the current change of the single cell and calculate the rate of change of current under the same voltage step in two adjacent activation cycles; when the rate of change of current is less than a preset threshold, determine that the activation is complete and stop the activation process.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, the anode can be made of nickel foam, the cathode can be made of Pt / C, and the anion exchange membrane can be an alkaline membrane. It should be understood that the above materials are merely examples; those skilled in the art can select other suitable electrode materials (such as nickel mesh, stainless steel felt, etc.) or membrane materials according to actual needs, as long as the electrolytic reaction environment can be constructed. After assembly, an electrolyte, such as a 1.0 mol / L KOH solution, is introduced into the anode and cathode chambers, and the electrolyte temperature and flow rate are controlled to ensure unobstructed ion conduction channels. Then, an initial voltage is applied to smoothly transition the membrane electrode from a non-working state to a working state, avoiding the instantaneous impact caused by directly applying a high voltage. For example, an initial voltage of 1.4V can be applied, and the generation of bubbles in the electrolytic cell is observed, indicating that the reaction has started.

[0007] Step-by-step cyclic pressurization activation avoids the significant electrochemical shocks caused by sudden voltage or current changes in the initial stages of activation, as seen in constant-voltage or constant-current methods. In traditional methods, instantaneous high voltage or current leads to violent gas generation reactions within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The rapid generation and overflow of bubbles exert significant mechanical stress on the catalyst layer and membrane interface, easily causing catalyst detachment or membrane structure damage. The step-by-step pressurization of this invention allows the MEA to gain brief adaptation time at each voltage level, resulting in a gentle and controllable gas generation process, effectively protecting the integrity of the electrode structure. Through multiple cycles, the three-phase interface within the MEA is gradually constructed and optimized.

[0008] In the initial stage of activation, the active sites of the catalyst inside the membrane electrode are not yet fully exposed, the ion conduction channels are not yet fully opened, and the three-phase interface of catalyst, electrolyte, and gas is not yet fully formed. Therefore, as the activation cycle progresses, the current value at the same voltage will increase significantly, i.e., the current change rate is large. As the activation process deepens, the three-phase interface becomes more complete, the catalyst activity is fully activated, and the increase in current value will gradually decrease, i.e., the current change rate tends to level off. Therefore, the current change rate is used as an indicator to quantify the activation maturity, reflecting the activation state of the membrane electrode in real time. When the current change rate is less than a preset threshold, activation is stopped, meaning that the membrane electrode performance has stabilized, and the performance improvement brought by continued activation is negligible. At this point, activation is considered complete and automatically stopped. This criterion transforms the activation process from blind time control to precise control based on performance feedback, avoiding both insufficient activation time leading to underperformance and overactivation leading to wasted time and potential electrode aging risks.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the electrolyte is an alkaline aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1–3.0 mol / L and a temperature of 20–80°C.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the alkaline aqueous solution includes KOH or NaOH solution.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the initial voltage ranges from 1.3V to 1.5V.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the preset voltage step size is 0.05V to 0.2V; and the preset time is 1s to 30s.

[0013] More preferably, in step S3, the preset voltage step size is 0.1V and the preset time is 3s.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the target voltage is 2.5V to 3.0V.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the preset threshold is 1% to 5%.

[0016] More preferably, in step S5, the preset threshold is 3%.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also discloses an anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides an activation method and electrode for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water. Through a step-by-step cyclic voltage increase strategy, the electrode is activated in a gradually adapting voltage environment, effectively avoiding the electrochemical shock and mechanical stress damage caused by traditional constant voltage or constant current activation. By introducing the rate of change of current under the same voltage step in adjacent cycles as a termination criterion, real-time monitoring and precise control of the activation process are achieved, avoiding under-activation or over-activation. The activation time is significantly reduced from several hours to several minutes, significantly improving activation efficiency and product consistency. This method is simple to operate, with controllable parameters, and is suitable for standardized and large-scale production. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the efficient and rapid activation method for the anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the efficient and rapid activation method for the anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage-time curve of the stepped boost cycle process used in Example 1; Figure 4 For example, 25cm 2 A comparison of the polarization curves of the membrane electrode activated by the method of the present invention with those of the conventional constant current activation method in Comparative Example 1. Figure 5 For example, 100cm 2 A schematic diagram comparing the performance of the membrane electrode after activation by the method of this invention with that after activation by the conventional method in Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] See Figure 1 A highly efficient and rapid activation method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water electrode includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane into a single cell and pass an electrolyte through it; S2. Apply an initial voltage to start the single battery; S3. After startup, the applied voltage is gradually increased from the initial voltage with a preset voltage step size. The voltage is maintained for a preset time at each voltage step until the preset target voltage is reached, thus forming an activation cycle. S4. Repeat the activation cycle described above; S5. Throughout the activation process, monitor the current change of the single cell and calculate the rate of change of current under the same voltage step in two adjacent activation cycles; when the rate of change of current is less than a preset threshold, determine that the activation is complete and stop the activation process.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, the anode can be made of nickel foam, the cathode can be made of Pt / C, and the anion exchange membrane can be an alkaline membrane. It should be understood that the above materials are merely examples; those skilled in the art can select other suitable electrode materials (such as nickel mesh, stainless steel felt, etc.) or membrane materials according to actual needs, as long as the electrolytic reaction environment can be constructed. After assembly, an electrolyte, such as a 1.0 mol / L KOH solution, is introduced into the anode and cathode chambers, and the electrolyte temperature and flow rate are controlled to ensure unobstructed ion conduction channels. Then, an initial voltage is applied to smoothly transition the membrane electrode from a non-working state to a working state, avoiding the instantaneous impact caused by directly applying a high voltage. For example, an initial voltage of 1.4V can be applied, and the generation of bubbles in the electrolytic cell is observed, indicating that the reaction has started.

[0023] Step-by-step cyclic pressurization activation avoids the significant electrochemical shocks caused by sudden voltage or current changes in the initial stages of activation, as seen in constant-voltage or constant-current methods. In traditional methods, instantaneous high voltage or current leads to violent gas generation reactions within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The rapid generation and overflow of bubbles exert significant mechanical stress on the catalyst layer and membrane interface, easily causing catalyst detachment or membrane structure damage. The step-by-step pressurization of this invention allows the MEA to gain brief adaptation time at each voltage level, resulting in a gentle and controllable gas generation process, effectively protecting the integrity of the electrode structure. Through multiple cycles, the three-phase interface within the MEA is gradually constructed and optimized.

[0024] In the initial activation stage, the active sites of the catalyst inside the membrane electrode are not yet fully exposed, the ion conduction channels are not yet fully opened, and the three-phase interface of catalyst, electrolyte, and gas is not yet fully formed. Therefore, as the activation cycle progresses, the current value at the same voltage will increase significantly, i.e., the current change rate is large. As the activation process deepens, the three-phase interface becomes more complete, the catalyst activity is fully activated, and the increase in current value will gradually decrease, i.e., the current change rate tends to level off. Therefore, the current change rate is used as an indicator to quantify the activation maturity and reflect the activation state of the membrane electrode in real time. Specifically, the current change rate is the change under the same voltage step in two adjacent activation cycles. It is necessary to compare the current change rate at each voltage value in the entire cycle voltage. The formula for calculating the current change rate is |A|. （x+1） -A x | / A x *100% < preset threshold, where A x Let A be the current corresponding to each voltage in the x-th cycle. （x+1） For the (x+1)th iteration, sum A x The current reading corresponds to the voltage. When the rate of change of current is less than a preset threshold, activation stops, indicating that the membrane electrode performance has stabilized and further activation would provide negligible performance improvement. At this point, activation is considered complete and automatically stops. This criterion transforms the activation process from blind time control to precise control based on performance feedback. This avoids both insufficient activation time leading to underperformance and overactivation causing wasted time and potential electrode aging risks.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solutions, the inventors discovered that the activation process of the membrane electrode is usually most vigorous in the first few cycles, with significant performance improvement. However, after about four cycles (2 to 6), the performance tends to stabilize (i.e., after about four cycles, the current change rate is usually less than the preset threshold). Excessive cycles often contribute little to performance improvement and only increase time costs. Furthermore, based on numerous experiments, it has been found that activation is almost impossible in a single cycle, meaning the current change rate will not be less than the preset threshold in a single activation. Generally, about four activations are sufficient to meet the requirements. However, in some cases, if the current change rate is still not less than the threshold after about four activation cycles (e.g., after six cycles), it is only necessary to repeat the activation cycle until the current change rate is less than the threshold.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step S1, the electrolyte is an alkaline aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1–3.0 mol / L and a temperature of 20–80°C.

[0027] Alkaline aqueous solutions include KOH or NaOH solutions.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the electrolyte, as the medium for ion transport, directly determines the efficiency and quality of the activation process. Potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide are chosen as electrolytes because they have extremely high solubility and ionization in water, providing sufficient hydroxide ions to meet the high ionic conductivity requirements of anion exchange membrane electrolysis. Regarding the electrolyte concentration, if the concentration is too low, for example below 0.1 mol / L, the number of ions in the solution is insufficient, leading to increased solution resistance and reduced ion conduction efficiency. This not only increases energy consumption during activation but may also affect the uniform construction of the three-phase interface due to uneven local current density. If the concentration is too high, for example above 3.0 mol / L, although the ion conductivity is improved, the high-concentration alkaline environment may pose a risk of corrosion to the sealing materials or connectors in the membrane electrode assembly. Furthermore, the increased mass transfer resistance of the high-viscosity solution within the electrode pores is detrimental to bubble removal and ion transport. Regarding the electrolyte temperature, controlling the temperature between 20℃ and 80℃, especially around 60℃, is key to achieving the optimal balance between activation efficiency and membrane electrode durability.

[0029] In some embodiments, in step S2, the initial voltage ranges from 1.3V to 1.5V.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solutions, considering the overpotential of the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, a voltage range of 1.3V to 1.5V can ensure the smooth start of the electrolysis reaction, generate a weak current signal to activate the system, and at the same time avoid directly entering the high current operating region due to excessively high starting voltage, thereby preventing the membrane electrode from suffering unnecessary electrochemical shock in the early stage of activation.

[0031] In some embodiments, in step S3, the preset voltage step size is 0.05V to 0.2V; the preset time is 1s to 30s.

[0032] Furthermore, the preset voltage step size is 0.1V; the preset time is 3s.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solutions, the choice of voltage step size directly affects the gentleness and efficiency of the activation process. If the voltage step size is too large, for example, exceeding 0.2V, the instantaneous voltage jump will be large, which may still generate a large inrush current, violating the original intention of step-by-step voltage boosting to avoid inrush. If the voltage step size is too small, for example, less than 0.05V, although the process is extremely smooth, the number of steps required to reach the target voltage is too large, resulting in a significant increase in activation time and reduced efficiency. Similarly, the preset time setting needs to take into account both the response speed of the membrane electrode and the activation efficiency. A time window of 1s to 30s is sufficient for the membrane electrode to establish a preliminary steady-state response at the current voltage. The preferred 3s is the optimal solution to maximize the activation speed while ensuring the accuracy of current data acquisition.

[0034] In some embodiments, in step S3, the target voltage is 2.5V to 3.0V.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solutions, this range covers the typical high-load operating voltage range of anion exchange membrane electrolyzers. Setting the target voltage within this range ensures that the three-phase interface structure of the membrane electrode is fully constructed and stabilized at high potentials, thereby guaranteeing excellent performance of the activated membrane electrode throughout the entire operating range. If the target voltage is too low, the active sites at high potentials may not be fully activated; if the target voltage is too high, corrosion or side reactions of the electrode material may occur.

[0036] In some embodiments, in step S5, the preset threshold is 1% to 5%.

[0037] Furthermore, the preset threshold is 3%.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solutions, setting the threshold range is crucial for balancing activation efficiency and activation quality. If the preset threshold is set too high, for example, exceeding 5%, the system will determine that activation is complete before the membrane electrode performance is fully stable, resulting in insufficient activation. The active sites of the catalyst inside the membrane electrode will not be fully activated, and the three-phase interface will be incomplete. Ultimately, this manifests as a high overpotential during electrolyzer operation, failing to reach the expected performance peak. Conversely, if the preset threshold is set too low, for example, less than 1%, although it ensures very sufficient activation, it will lead to an unnecessary extension of the activation time. This is because the performance improvement of the membrane electrode has reached a plateau at this stage, and the performance gain from continued activation is negligible. This not only wastes time and energy but may also lead to unnecessary side reactions or aging risks in the electrode material due to prolonged energization. Therefore, limiting the threshold to the range of 1% to 5%, especially preferably 3%, can ensure that the membrane electrode reaches a stable working state while maximizing activation efficiency.

[0039] Example Example 1, see Figure 2 A highly efficient and rapid activation method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water electrode includes the following steps: A NiFe-LDH catalyst with a nickel foam substrate as the anode (loading 2.5 mg / cm³) was selected. 2 The cathode is a carbon paper-supported Pt / C catalyst (Pt loading 1 mg / cm³). 2 The anion exchange membrane was a commercially available Fumasep FAA-3 (50 μm thick). The anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane were hot-pressed together to form an effective area of ​​25 cm². 2A single-cell membrane electrode assembly was constructed. The single cell was connected to the test system, with the positive terminal of the power supply connected to the anode and the negative terminal connected to the cathode. A 1.0 mol / L KOH solution was introduced into the anode and cathode chambers as the electrolyte, with the electrolyte temperature controlled at 60℃ and the flow rate at 10 mL / min. Initially, an initial voltage of 1.4 V was applied to start electrolysis, and the start of electrolysis and the generation of bubbles were observed.

[0040] Then, the activation cycle begins: starting from 1.4V, the voltage is increased in steps of 0.1V (i.e., 1.4V→1.5V→1.6V→…2.8V), and kept constant for 3 seconds at each voltage point until the voltage reaches 2.8V. This constitutes one complete activation cycle.

[0041] After the first cycle is completed, the voltage is reduced back to the initial voltage of 1.4V, and the second identical step-boost cycle begins. This process is repeated for a total of 4 cycles.

[0042] Throughout the process, the data acquisition system records the stable current value at each voltage point in real time. The software automatically calculates the rate of change of current at the same voltage point (e.g., 1.6V, 1.8V, etc.) during the third and fourth cycles. When the rate of change at all comparison points is less than 3%, the system determines that activation is complete and automatically stops. The total activation time is approximately 3 to 5 minutes.

[0043] After activation, the polarization curve of the membrane electrode was tested under 1.0 M KOH conditions at 60 °C. The test results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0044] Example 2: A highly efficient and rapid activation method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode, comprising the following steps: A NiFe-LDH catalyst with a nickel foam substrate as the anode (loading 2.5 mg / cm³) was selected. 2 The cathode is a carbon paper-supported Pt / C catalyst (Pt loading 1 mg / cm³). 2 The anion exchange membrane was a commercially available Fumasep FAA-3 (50 μm thick). The anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane were hot-pressed together to form an effective area of ​​100 cm². 2 A single-cell membrane electrode assembly was constructed. The single cell was connected to the test system, with the positive terminal of the power supply connected to the anode and the negative terminal connected to the cathode. A 1.0 mol / L KOH solution was introduced into the anode and cathode chambers as the electrolyte, with the electrolyte temperature controlled at 60℃ and the flow rate at 10 mL / min. Initially, an initial voltage of 1.4 V was applied to start electrolysis, and the start of electrolysis and the generation of bubbles were observed.

[0045] Then, the activation cycle begins: starting from 1.4V, the voltage is increased in 0.1V increments (i.e., 1.4V→1.5V→1.6V→…2.8V), and kept constant for 5 seconds at each voltage point until the voltage reaches 2.8V. This constitutes one complete activation cycle.

[0046] After the first cycle is completed, the voltage is reduced back to the initial voltage of 1.4V, and the second identical step-boost cycle begins. This process is repeated for a total of 4 cycles.

[0047] Throughout the process, the data acquisition system records the stable current value at each voltage point in real time. The software automatically calculates the rate of change of current at the same voltage point (e.g., 1.6V, 1.8V, etc.) during the third and fourth cycles. When the rate of change at all comparison points is less than 3%, the system determines that activation is complete and automatically stops. The total activation time is approximately 3 to 5 minutes.

[0048] After activation, the polarization curve of the membrane electrode was tested under 1.0 M KOH conditions at 60 °C. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0049] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1: An activation method for an anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode, comprising the following steps: A NiFe-LDH catalyst with a nickel foam substrate as the anode (loading 2.5 mg / cm³) was selected. 2 The cathode is a carbon paper-supported Pt / C catalyst (Pt loading 1 mg / cm³). 2 The anion exchange membrane was a commercially available Fumasep FAA-3 (50 μm thick). The anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane were hot-pressed together to form an effective area of ​​25 cm². 2 A single-cell membrane electrode assembly; connect the single cell to the test system, with the positive terminal of the power supply connected to the anode and the negative terminal connected to the cathode.

[0050] The conventional constant current activation method was used, with 1.0 M KOH solution as the electrolyte being introduced into the anode and cathode chambers. The electrolyte temperature was controlled at 60 °C, the flow rate was 10 mL / min, and a constant current density of 1.5 A / cm² was applied to the membrane electrode. 2 Activation was performed for 60 minutes.

[0051] After activation, the polarization curve of the membrane electrode was tested under 1.0 M KOH conditions at 60 °C. The test results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0052] Comparative Example 2, an activation method for an anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode, comprising the following steps: A NiFe-LDH catalyst with a nickel foam substrate as the anode (loading 2.5 mg / cm³) was selected. 2 The cathode is a carbon paper-supported Pt / C catalyst (Pt loading 1 mg / cm³). 2 The anion exchange membrane was a commercially available Fumasep FAA-3 (50 μm thick). The anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane were hot-pressed together to form an effective area of ​​100 cm². 2 A single-cell membrane electrode assembly; connect the single cell to the test system, with the positive terminal of the power supply connected to the anode and the negative terminal connected to the cathode.

[0053] Traditional constant current activation was employed, with a 1.0 mol / L KOH solution as the electrolyte being introduced into the anode and cathode chambers. The electrolyte temperature was controlled at 60℃, and the flow rate was 10 mL / min. A constant current density of 1.5 A / cm² was applied to the membrane electrode. 2 Activation was performed for 90 minutes.

[0054] After activation, the polarization curve of the membrane electrode was tested under 1.0 M KOH conditions at 60 °C. The test results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0055] Figure 3 The figure shows a voltage-time curve of the stepped voltage boosting cycle process used in Example 1. It can be clearly observed that the voltage waveform exhibits a regular stepped upward shape, with each step plateau being stable. Furthermore, the voltage waveform remains consistent after four cycles, without significant fluctuations or distortion. This indicates that the preferred parameter combination of the present invention achieves a perfect balance between speed and gentleness, completing the activation process in just a few minutes, with a stable current response throughout, effectively protecting the microstructure of the membrane electrode.

[0056] Figure 4 For Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, 25cm 2 A comparison of the polarization curves of the membrane electrode activated by the method of this invention and that activated by the traditional constant current activation method is shown, illustrating the polarization performance at 25cm. 2A comparison of polarization curves after membrane electrode activation is shown in the figure. It is clear from the figure that the polarization curve of the membrane electrode activated using the method of this invention is below that of the traditional constant current activation method. This means that at the same current density, the membrane electrode activated by the method of this invention has a lower overpotential; or at the same voltage, it can output a higher current density. For example, at 1.8V, the current density corresponding to the method of this invention is significantly higher than that of the comparative example. This data strongly demonstrates that this invention avoids instantaneous impact through step-by-step voltage boosting and avoids over-activation or under-activation through precise termination criteria, thereby achieving a superior activation effect. It is worth noting that the total activation time of the method of this invention is only 3 to 5 minutes, compared to 60 minutes in Comparative Example 1, representing an efficiency improvement of more than ten times, and significantly reducing energy consumption and time costs.

[0057] like Figure 5 It showed 100cm 2 A comparison of polarization curves after membrane electrode activation. For large-area membrane electrodes, the uniformity of current distribution and the stability of the mass transfer process are more critical. Experimental results show that the large-area membrane electrode activated by the method of this invention still exhibits excellent performance in its polarization curve, with a significantly lower overpotential than that of the membrane electrode activated by conventional constant current for 90 minutes. This indicates that the activation method provided by this invention is not only suitable for small-area laboratory testing but also capable of meeting the activation requirements of large-area industrial membrane electrodes. Traditional methods often lead to local overactivation or underactivation due to uneven current distribution when dealing with large-area electrodes, while the stepped voltage control strategy of this invention can more uniformly activate the entire electrode surface, ensuring consistent performance.

[0058] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely a few specific examples of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and rapid activation method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the anode, cathode, and anion exchange membrane into a single cell and pass an electrolyte through it; S2. Apply an initial voltage to start the single battery; S3. After startup, the applied voltage is gradually increased from the initial voltage with a preset voltage step size. The voltage is maintained for a preset time at each voltage step until the preset target voltage is reached, thus forming an activation cycle. S4. Repeat the activation cycle described above; S5. Throughout the activation process, monitor the current change of the single cell and calculate the rate of change of current under the same voltage step in two adjacent activation cycles. When the rate of change of current is less than a preset threshold, activation is determined to be complete and the activation process is stopped; In step S3, the preset voltage step size is 0.05V to 0.2V; the preset time is 1s to 30s. In step S5, the preset threshold is 1% to 5%; The formula for calculating the rate of change of current is |A （x+1） -A x | / A x *100% < preset threshold, where A x Let A be the current corresponding to each voltage in the x-th cycle. （x+1） This represents the current at the voltage corresponding to Ax in the (x+1)th cycle.

2. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the electrolyte is an alkaline aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.1–3.0 mol / L and a temperature of 20–80°C.

3. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the initial voltage ranges from 1.3V to 1.5V.

4. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the preset voltage step size is 0.1V; the preset time is 3s.

5. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the target voltage is 2.5V to 3.0V.

6. The activation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the preset threshold is 3%.

7. An anion exchange membrane electrolysis water electrode, characterized in that, The anion exchange membrane electrolysis water membrane electrode is obtained by activation treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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