A tailings benching process

Abstract

This invention provides a tailings slope adjustment process, which relates to the field of mine restoration technology. The process includes the following steps: S1, determining the location and range of the tailings dam surface requiring slope adjustment based on the internal morphology of the tailings dam; S2, arranging multiple pumping pipes on the side of the tailings dam surface near the inner wall of the dam; S3, laying a drainage layer with a predetermined inclination angle on the surface of the tailings dam surface, with the lowest point on the side of the drainage layer closest to the dam; S4, packaging coarse-grained tailings obtained from tailings slurry vortex classification into filling units, constructing positioning seats on the side away from the dam, and stacking multiple filling units according to predetermined stacking requirements inside the corresponding positioning seats to form stepped units together with the positioning seats. Multiple stepped units are then coarsely adjusted to form a stepped slope. This invention significantly shortens the dewatering time for tailings particles, increases the tailings slope adjustment rate, avoids continuous accumulation and erosion of seeping liquid, and ensures the quality of the dam and the inclined dam surface after slope adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine restoration technology, and in particular to a tailings slope adjustment process. Background Technology

[0002] To create a tailings dam beach morphology that meets the safety requirements for closure, improve overall stability, drainage capacity, and bearing capacity, and achieve safe closure and long-term stable operation of the tailings dam, it is necessary to adjust the slope of the tailings dam sediment beach to create a V-shaped beach that is high in front of the dam and at the tail end of the dam, and low in the middle of the dam. This will allow rainwater and seepage water to quickly collect and drain into the dam, preventing water accumulation on the beach and infiltration of the dam body, thus ensuring the safety of the dam.

[0003] In existing technologies, tailings slurry is subjected to vortex classification. The coarse-grained tailings obtained from the vortex classification are packaged and used as the main material of the beach surface. This not only meets the strength requirements of the main beach surface, but also makes full use of the tailings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a tailings slope adjustment process. This invention significantly shortens the dewatering time for tailings particles, increases the tailings slope adjustment rate, and simultaneously allows for the real-time discharge of infiltrated water, preventing the continuous accumulation and erosion of infiltrated liquid, thus ensuring the quality of the dam body and sloping beach after slope adjustment.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A tailings slope adjustment process includes the following steps: S1. Determine the location and range of the beach surface to be adjusted based on the internal morphology of the tailings dam; S2. Arrange multiple pumping pipes on the side of the beach surface to be adjusted near the inner wall of the dam; S3. Lay a drainage layer with a predetermined inclination angle on the ground surface of the beach surface to be adjusted, with the lowest point on the side of the drainage layer near the dam; S4. Pack coarse-grained tailings obtained from tailings slurry vortex classification into filling units, construct positioning seats on the side away from the dam, and stack multiple filling units into the inner side of the corresponding positioning seats according to predetermined stacking requirements to form step units together with the positioning seats, and coarsely adjust multiple step units to form a stepped slope; S5. Finely adjust and eliminate the surface of the coarsely adjusted stepped slope to form a beach surface with a predetermined slope.

[0007] Preferably, during the tailings slope adjustment process, the liquid that has seeped to the bottom of the dam is continuously pumped out through the pumping pipe. After the liquid seepage is completed, a concrete mixture is filled into the pumping pipe, and the pumping pipe is continuously vibrated while the concrete mixture is being filled.

[0008] Preferably, a bottom support structure is formed by driving piles into the ground of the slope to be adjusted, the bottom of the pumping pipe is fixed above the bottom support structure, and an inclined support rod is arranged between the middle position of the pumping pipe and the slope to be adjusted.

[0009] Preferably, the inclination angle of the support rod is less than the slope of the fine-tuned beach surface.

[0010] Preferably, the first end of the support rod is connected to the pumping pipe through a connecting component. Before the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component, the connecting component is in an active state. After the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component, the connecting component is adjusted to be in a locked state.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a connecting ring fixed to the outside of the pumping pipe, two positioning ears fixed to the side wall of the connecting ring, and a hollow mounting opening formed inside the positioning ears. The support rod is connected to the hollow mounting opening by a locking bolt. After tightening the locking bolt, the connecting assembly is in a locked state.

[0012] Preferably, two adjacent water pipes are fixedly connected by a locking connector, and the height of the locking connector is the same as the height of the connecting assembly.

[0013] Preferably, the drainage layer includes a straight first drainage body and an L-shaped second drainage body, with the second drainage body located on the side near the bottom of the dam.

[0014] Preferably, the fine-grained tailings obtained from the tailings slurry vortex classification are mixed with concrete to finely adjust the surface of the stepped slope.

[0015] Preferably, the water pumping pipe is a rigid metal pipe, and the bottom side wall of the water pumping pipe is provided with multiple water inlets.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this process relies on the tailings' own graded tailings to achieve beach surface reconstruction and slope ratio control, making full use of solid waste resources while constructing a stable, permeable, and anti-sliding slope adjustment structure. First, the slope adjustment range and design slope ratio are determined through surveying. Then, drainage, pumping, stockpiling, and finishing systems are arranged sequentially from bottom to top, achieving drainage first, rough construction, and fine leveling of materials, ultimately forming a smooth overall slope surface that flows towards the dam body. This improves the stability and seepage control capacity of the tailings dam. This process significantly shortens the dewatering time for tailings particles. After the tailings particles are firmly packed, they can be directly stacked, increasing the rate of tailings slope adjustment. Simultaneously, it allows for the real-time drainage of seepage water, preventing the continuous accumulation and erosion of seepage liquid, and ensuring the quality of the dam body and sloping beach surface after slope adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a top-down structural diagram of the tailings slope adjustment site according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process steps of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of step S1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of step S2 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of step S3 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step S4 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection component structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 100, slope to be adjusted; 110, dam body; 200, pumping pipe; 300, support rod; 310, connecting component; 311, connecting ring; 312, positioning ear; 313, hollow installation port; 400, drainage layer; 410, second drainage body; 420, first drainage body; 500, positioning seat; 600, step unit. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] See attached document Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 8 A tailings slope adjustment process includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Determine the location and extent of the tailings dam surface requiring slope adjustment based on its internal morphology, and refer to the attached... Figure 1 As shown, the rightmost white stripe represents the area where the slope of the beach 100 needs to be adjusted to create a sloping surface, reducing the impact of rainwater on the surrounding area. Figure 1 The erosion impact of the dam body 110 in the green area on the right ensures the long-term stability of the dam body 110 as a whole. Before the slope adjustment construction, multiple water pumping pipes 200 are arranged on the side of the beach 100 to be adjusted near the inner wall of the dam body 110. The multiple water pumping pipes 200 are arranged vertically, which can pump out the water accumulated near the bottom of the inner side of the dam body 110, avoid the continuous seepage of wet tailings to the bottom of the dam body 110 and the erosion of related structures, and also avoid the gradual deterioration of the internal stability of the inclined beach due to long-term liquid retention.

[0030] S2. Lay a drainage layer 400 with a predetermined inclination angle on the ground surface 100 of the slope to be adjusted. The lowest point of the drainage layer 400 is on the side of the dam body 110. The drainage layer 400 can guide the liquid and concentrate the liquid that seeps downward during the construction process to the bottom of the pumping pipe 200 for rapid pumping.

[0031] S3. The coarse tailings obtained from the tailings slurry vortex classification are packaged into filling units. These units can be formed using permeable fabric bags. Positioning seats 500 are constructed on the side 110 meters away from the dam body. Multiple filling units are stacked inside the corresponding positioning seats 500 according to predetermined stacking requirements, forming stepped units 600 together with the positioning seats 500. The length of adjacent stepped units 600 gradually narrows, and multiple stepped units 600 are roughly adjusted to form a stepped slope. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 As shown in the attached diagram in the corner; during the construction of each step unit 600, mechanical or manual vibration can be used to accelerate the water seepage and consolidation of the tailings on the surface of the step unit 600, ensure the filling density inside each step unit 600, ensure the relative stability of each layer of structure, and finally form a stable and impact-resistant stepped slope.

[0032] S4. Fine-tuning is performed on the stepped slope surface obtained by coarse adjustment to eliminate the formation of a beach surface with a predetermined slope; fine-grained tailings obtained by tailings slurry vortex classification are mixed with concrete to fine-tune the stepped slope surface.

[0033] Using graded fine tailings mixed with concrete as a leveling material results in good fluidity, high density, and low shrinkage. It can fill the uneven steps of stepped slopes, forming a continuous and smooth design slope. At the same time, it enables the graded utilization of coarse and fine tailings, resulting in better overall structural strength and flatness.

[0034] It should be noted that the slope of the above-mentioned slope needs to be determined comprehensively based on the area of ​​the slope to be adjusted 100, the height of the dam body 110, and the height of the drainage gap.

[0035] In summary, this process relies on the tailings' own graded tailings to achieve beach surface reconstruction and slope ratio control, making full use of solid waste resources while constructing a stable, permeable, and anti-sliding slope adjustment structure. First, the slope adjustment range and design slope ratio are determined through surveying. Then, a drainage, pumping, stockpiling, and finishing system is arranged sequentially from bottom to top, achieving drainage first, rough construction, and fine leveling of materials, ultimately forming a smooth overall slope that flows towards the dam body. This improves the stability and seepage control capacity of the tailings dam. This process significantly shortens the dewatering time for tailings particles. After the tailings particles are firmly packed, they can be directly stacked, increasing the rate of tailings slope adjustment. Simultaneously, it allows for the real-time drainage of seepage water, preventing the continuous accumulation and erosion of seepage liquid, and ensuring the quality of the dam body and sloping beach after slope adjustment.

[0036] Furthermore, during the tailings slope adjustment process, the liquid that has seeped into the bottom of the dam body 110 is continuously pumped out through the pumping pipe 200. A separate rigid pipe connected to a pump can be inserted into the bottom of the pumping pipe 200, and the liquid remaining at the bottom of the pumping pipe 200 is continuously pumped out through the pump, so as to prevent the water that has seeped in from being squeezed by the tailings from accumulating and continuing to accumulate at the bottom of the dam body 110.

[0037] After the liquid infiltration is complete, concrete mixture is filled into the pumping pipe 200. While filling the concrete mixture, the pumping pipe 200 is continuously vibrated. Vibration can be performed using a vibrator or other structure similar to those used in concrete pouring. The concrete continues to fall under the action of gravity, eventually filling the entire pumping pipe 200 and forming a whole with the outer structure. This enhances the density and stability of the overall structure and further improves the quality and reliability of the inclined beach after slope adjustment.

[0038] In summary, continuous pumping during slope adjustment can quickly reduce the water content of the beach surface, improve the bearing capacity of the soil, and prevent the fill from settling and sliding. After the seepage is completed, concrete is poured into the pipe and compacted by vibration, so that the pumping pipe 200 is transformed from a drainage function into an internal reinforcing pile, which significantly improves the overall anti-sliding and anti-seepage capacity of the junction between the dam toe and the beach surface.

[0039] Furthermore, a bottom support structure is formed by driving piles into the ground of the slope 100 to be adjusted, and the bottom of the pumping pipe 200 is fixed above the bottom support structure. An inclined support rod 300 is arranged between the middle position of the pumping pipe 200 and the slope 100 to be adjusted. The support rod 300 can support the pumping pipe 200 from the outside. A triangular stable structure is formed between the pumping pipe 200, the support rod 300 and the ground to ensure the stability of the pumping pipe 200, which is especially suitable for pumping pipes 200 with a large height.

[0040] The bottom support structure uses wooden piles or steel pipe piles to anchor in the soil, providing a stable foundation for the pumping pipe 200; the inclined support rods 300 form an inclined support system, which restricts the pumping pipe from tilting or shifting under the action of filling, rolling and seepage, and ensures that the overall skeleton is straight and stable.

[0041] The pumping pipe 200 is a rigid metal pipe. The bottom side wall of the pumping pipe 200 is provided with multiple water passage openings. The inner wall size of the pumping pipe 200 is larger than the outer diameter of the pile body. The pumping pipe 200 can be directly inserted into the top of the pile body for fixation. The aforementioned pile body and pumping pipe 200 are arranged in a sunken manner, lower than the horizontal plane of the bottom of the dam body 110, in order to avoid excessive residual seepage liquid due to excessive pumping height in the future.

[0042] Rigid metal pipes are high in strength and not easily deformed, and can also serve as a load-bearing skeleton; the bottom sidewalls have dense water passage openings to ensure that seepage water can smoothly enter the pipe and be pumped out. When concrete is poured later, the openings can form anchoring teeth to enhance the interlocking effect with the surrounding soil.

[0043] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the support rod 300 is less than the slope of the fine-tuned beach surface. This inclination angle allows the support rod to be covered and compacted by subsequent tailings filling, preventing the upper end of the support rod from protruding and piercing the slope. Simultaneously, it creates a stable support angle that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, improving pull-out and overturning resistance.

[0044] Furthermore, the first end of the support rod 300 is connected to the pumping pipe 200 through the connecting component 310. Before the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component 310, the connecting component 310 is in an active state. After the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component 310, the connecting component 310 is adjusted to be in a locked state. Adjusting the active and locked state of the connecting component 310 under different construction conditions can meet the operational requirements of different construction stages, improve construction efficiency, and ensure the stability and quality of the overall structure during and after construction.

[0045] During the initial filling stage, the connecting components remain movable, allowing for fine-tuning of the posture and position of the support rod 300 according to the filling height and slope direction. This enables better integration of the support rod 300 with the step unit 600, reducing the difficulty of early laying and vibration while improving construction efficiency. At this time, the position of the movable support rod 300 can be adjusted slightly compared to the rigid support rod 300, preventing the vibration and collision of the rigidly connected support rod 300 from affecting its own stability and that of the pumping pipe 200.

[0046] Once the filling height reaches the position of the connecting components, the system is locked to ensure that the pumping pipe, support rod system, and filling body deform and coordinate together, thereby improving the overall skeleton stability and further enhancing the overall structural quality. At this point, the pumping pipe 200 and support rod 300 can be located inside the inclined beach surface and act as a skeleton, improving the overall structural strength and stability.

[0047] Specifically, the connecting assembly 310 includes a connecting ring 311 fixed to the outside of the pumping pipe 200. Two positioning ears 312 are fixed to the side wall of the connecting ring 311. A hollow mounting opening 313 is formed inside each positioning ear 312. The support rod 300 is connected to the hollow mounting opening 313 by a locking bolt. After tightening the locking bolt, the connecting assembly 310 is in a locked state. The distance between the two positioning ears 312 is greater than the outer diameter of the support rod 300, and the outer side of the support rod 300 is provided with a positioning hole for the locking bolt to pass through. Before the locking bolt is tightened, the support rod 300 and the positioning ears 312 are in a movable state, and the connecting assembly 310 and the support rod 300 are in a flexible movable state, capable of slight movement. After the locking bolt is locked, the support rod 300 and the positioning ears 312 are in a fixed state, and the support rod 300 and the pumping pipe 200 are relatively stable and immovable.

[0048] The aforementioned connecting ring 311 is clamped and fixed to the outer wall of the pumping pipe, and the positioning ear 312 and the hollow installation port 313 provide hinge and locking space for the support rod; the angle can be adjusted and rigidly locked by tightening and loosening the bolts. The structure is simple and the construction is convenient, making it suitable for on-site tailings dam operations.

[0049] Two adjacent water pipes 200 are fixedly connected by locking connectors, the height of which is the same as that of the connecting assembly 310. The horizontal locking connectors arranged at the same height connect multiple water pipes into a whole frame, preventing the instability of a single pipe; they are set on the same layer as the support rod connecting assembly, forming a spatial frame structure with horizontal ties and diagonal supports, resulting in higher overall rigidity.

[0050] The drainage layer 400 includes a straight first drainage body 420 and an L-shaped second drainage body 410, with the second drainage body 410 located on the side near the bottom of the dam body 110.

[0051] The straight-line first drainage body 420 is arranged along the slope of the beach to achieve shallow drainage on the slope; the L-shaped second drainage body 410 is arranged close to the dam toe to form a transverse drainage channel at the dam toe, which quickly collects and discharges seepage water, lowers the phreatic line of the dam body, and improves the stability and safety of the dam body.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tailings slope adjustment process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the location and range of the tailings dam surface that needs slope adjustment based on the internal morphology of the tailings dam; S2. Multiple pumping pipes (200) are arranged on the side of the slope to be adjusted (100) near the inner wall of the dam body (110). S3. Lay a drainage layer (400) with a predetermined inclination angle on the ground surface of the slope to be adjusted (100). The lowest point of the drainage layer (400) is on the side of the dam body (110). S4. Pack the coarse tailings obtained from the tailings slurry vortex classification into filling units, construct a positioning seat (500) on the side away from the dam body (110), and stack multiple filling units into the corresponding positioning seat (500) according to the predetermined stacking requirements to form a step unit (600) together with the positioning seat (500). Multiple step units (600) are roughly adjusted to form a step-shaped slope. S5. Fine-tuning is performed on the stepped slope surface obtained from the coarse adjustment to eliminate impurities and form a beach surface with a predetermined slope.

2. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the tailings slope adjustment process, the liquid that has seeped into the bottom of the dam (110) is continuously pumped out through the pumping pipe (200). After the liquid seepage is completed, concrete mixture is filled into the pumping pipe (200). While filling the concrete mixture, the pumping pipe (200) is continuously vibrated.

3. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Piles are driven into the ground of the slope to be adjusted (100) to form a bottom support structure. The bottom of the pumping pipe (200) is fixed above the bottom support structure. An inclined support rod (300) is arranged between the middle position of the pumping pipe (200) and the slope to be adjusted (100).

4. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the support rod (300) is less than the slope of the fine-tuned beach.

5. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first end of the support rod (300) is connected to the water pumping pipe (200) through the connecting component (310). Before the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component (310), the connecting component (310) is in an active state. After the filling unit is filled to the height position of the connecting component (310), the connecting component (310) is adjusted to be in a locked state.

6. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connecting assembly (310) includes a connecting ring (311) fixed to the outside of the water pumping pipe (200). Two positioning ears (312) are fixed to the side wall of the connecting ring (311). A hollow mounting port (313) is formed inside the positioning ears (312). The support rod (300) is connected to the hollow mounting port (313) by a locking bolt. After tightening the locking bolt, the connecting assembly (310) is in a locked state.

7. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjacent water pipes (200) are fixedly connected by a locking connector, the height of which is the same as that of the connecting assembly (310).

8. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage layer (400) includes a straight first drainage body (420) and an L-shaped second drainage body (410), with the second drainage body (410) located on the side near the bottom of the dam body (110).

9. The tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, Fine-grained tailings obtained from tailings slurry vortex classification are mixed with concrete to finely adjust the surface of the stepped slope.

10. A tailings slope adjustment process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water pumping pipe (200) is a rigid metal pipe, and the bottom side wall of the water pumping pipe (200) is provided with multiple water inlets.

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