Mixers for exhaust gas aftertreatment systems

Abstract

A mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system includes a mixer body positioned such that the injection axis of an injector from a dispensing module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust gas and treatment fluid. The mixer also includes a plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body. Each of the orifices facilitates the flow of exhaust gas and treatment fluid through the mixer body. The mixer also includes a plurality of blades. Each of the blades is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the orifices. Each of the blades extends radially outward from the mixer body. The mixer also includes a first end portion. The first end portion includes a plurality of tabs and a plurality of edge grooves. Each of the edge grooves is positioned between two of the tabs.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application filed on July 27, 2023, with application number 202380055860.2 and invention title "Mixer for Exhaust Aftertreatment System". Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202241045394, filed on August 9, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to a mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine. Background Technology

[0004] Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines, include nitrogen oxides (NOx). x ) compounds. For example, the goal is to reduce NO. x Emissions must comply with environmental regulations. To reduce NO... x The treated fluid can be dispensed into the exhaust gas via a dispenser assembly within the aftertreatment system. The treated fluid helps convert a portion of the exhaust gas into non-NOx substances. x Emissions such as nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) reduce NO. x Emissions. These aftertreatment systems may include mixers that facilitate the mixing of treated fluids and exhaust gases. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one embodiment, the mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system includes a mixer body positioned such that the injection axis of an injector from a dispensing module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust and treatment fluids. The mixer also includes a plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body. Each of the orifices facilitates the flow of exhaust and treatment fluids through the mixer body. The mixer also includes a plurality of blades. Each of the blades is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the orifices. Each of the blades extends radially outward from the mixer body. The mixer also includes a first end portion. The first end portion includes a plurality of tabs and a plurality of slots. Each of the slots is located between two of the tabs.

[0006] In another embodiment, the mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system includes a mixer body centered on a mixer axis and positioned such that the injection axis of an injector from a dispensing module extends into the mixer body. The mixer body receives exhaust gas and treats fluid. The mixer also includes a plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body. Each of the orifices is positioned on the mixer body at an aperture angle relative to a reference axis parallel to the mixer axis. The aperture angle is between 5 degrees and 30 degrees. Each of the orifices facilitates exhaust gas flow through the mixer body. Each of the orifices includes a first edge and a second edge perpendicular to and adjacent to the first edge. The mixer also includes a plurality of blades. Each of the blades is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the orifices. Each of the blades extends radially inward from the mixer body. The reference axis extends through: (i) the intersection between the first and second edges of one of the orifices, and (ii) the intersection between the first and second edges of another of the orifices.

[0007] This application also relates to the following aspects: 1) A mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system, the mixer comprising: A mixer body, the mixer body being positioned such that the injection axis of the injector of the dispensing module extends into the mixer body, the mixer body being configured to receive exhaust gas and process fluid; Multiple orifices extending through the mixer body, each of the orifices being configured to facilitate the flow of the exhaust and the process fluid through the mixer body; Multiple blades, each of which is coupled to the mixer body along a portion of one of the orifices, each of which extends radially outward from the mixer body; and The first end portion includes: -- Multiple protrusions, and -- Multiple edge grooves, each of which is positioned between two protrusions in the tab.

[0008] 2) The mixer according to 1), wherein each of the blades comprises: A first portion, the first portion being angled away from the mixer body at a first opening angle, the first portion being adjacent to the mixer body; and The second part is angled away from the mixer body at a second opening angle, and the second part is adjacent to the mixer body.

[0009] 3) The mixer according to 1), wherein the mixer further includes a second end opposite to the first end, the second end including a flange extending radially outward from the mixer body.

[0010] 4) The mixer according to 3), wherein: The main body of the mixer is centered on the mixer axis; The flange includes an outlet edge and a mixer body edge adjacent to the mixer body; L=(R 1f -R 2f ) / sin(θ); L is the length of the flange measured along the flange between the mixer body edge of the flange and the outlet edge of the flange; R 1f The first flange radius is measured from the mixer axis to the outlet edge of the flange, and 0.04 m ≤ R. 1f ≤0.08 meters; R 2f R is the second flange radius measured from the mixer axis to the edge of the mixer body at the flange, and R 2f The form is R 2f =R 1e / α; R 1e The first end radius is measured from the mixer axis to the first end of the mixer, and 0.02 meters ≤ R. 1e ≤0.05 meters; α is the radius ratio, and 0.06 ≤ α ≤ 0.09; and θ is the flange angle measured relative to the axis of the mixer, and 15 degrees ≤ θ ≤ 50 degrees.

[0011] 5) The mixer according to 3), wherein the flange comprises at least one of the following: Multiple flange holes extending through the flange, each of the flange holes being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the flange; or Multiple flange slots extending through the flange, each of the flange slots being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the flange, wherein the flange is configured to be received in the decomposition chamber.

[0012] 6) The mixer according to 1) further includes: The second end is opposite to the first end; A first plate, the first plate being connected to the second end and extending radially outward from the second end; and A second plate is connected to and extends radially outward from the second end, wherein the first plate, the second plate, and the second end define a plate channel, the plate channel being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the plate channel such that the plate channel is defined only by the first plate, the second plate, and the second end.

[0013] 7) The mixer according to 1) further includes: The second end, which is opposite to the first end; and A plurality of main body holes extend through the mixer body and are disposed between the second end and the orifice, each of the main body holes being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the mixer body.

[0014] 8) The mixer according to 1) further includes an internal mixer disposed within the mixer body, the internal mixer comprising: An internal mixer body, the internal mixer body being positioned such that the injection axis extends into the internal mixer body, the internal mixer body being configured to receive the exhaust gas and the processing fluid; Multiple internal orifices extending through the internal mixer body, each of the internal orifices being configured to facilitate the flow of the exhaust and the process fluid through the internal mixer body; and Multiple internal blades, each of which is connected to the internal mixer body along a portion of one of the internal orifices, each of which extends radially outward from the internal mixer body.

[0015] 9) The mixer according to 8), wherein each of the inner blades extends through each of the orifices of the mixer.

[0016] 10) The mixer according to 1), wherein the mixer body extends about a chamber axis centered along the decomposition chamber of the post-processing system.

[0017] 11) An exhaust aftertreatment system, comprising: A decomposition chamber, with its axis centered on the chamber axis; A panel, the panel being positioned such that the chamber axis extends through the panel, the panel comprising: -- Inside, the inner surface faces the decomposition chamber, and -- Outer side, which is opposite to the inner side; A dispensing module, coupled to the outer side of the panel and including an injector configured to deliver the processing fluid through the panel and along the injection axis into the decomposition chamber; and The mixer according to claim 1.

[0018] 12) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11), wherein each of the blades of the mixer comprises: A first portion, the first portion being angled away from the mixer body at a first opening angle, the first portion being adjacent to the mixer body; and The second part is angled away from the mixer body at a second opening angle, and the second part is adjacent to the mixer body.

[0019] 13) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11), wherein the mixer further includes a second end opposite to the first end, the second end including a flange extending radially outward from the mixer body.

[0020] 14) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 13), wherein: The main body of the mixer is centered on the mixer axis; The flange includes an outlet edge and a mixer body edge adjacent to the mixer body; L=(R 1f -R 2f ) / sin(θ); L is the length of the flange measured along the flange between the mixer body edge of the flange and the outlet edge of the flange; R 1f The first flange radius is measured from the mixer axis to the outlet edge of the flange, and 0.04 m ≤ R. 1f ≤0.08 meters; R 2f R2f is the second flange radius measured from the mixer axis to the edge of the mixer body at the flange, and R2f is of the form R 2f =R 1e / α; R 1e The first end radius is measured from the mixer axis to the first end of the mixer, and 0.02 meters ≤ R. 1e ≤0.05 meters; α is the radius ratio, 0.06 ≤ α ≤ 0.09; and θ is the flange angle measured relative to the axis of the mixer, where 15 degrees ≤ θ ≤ 50 degrees.

[0021] 15) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 13), wherein the flange includes at least one of the following: Multiple flange holes extending through the flange, each of the flange holes being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the flange; or A plurality of flange grooves extending through the flange, each of the flange grooves being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the flange, wherein the flange is configured to be received in the decomposition chamber.

[0022] 16) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11), wherein the mixer further comprises: The second end is opposite to the first end; A first plate, the first plate being connected to the second end and extending radially outward from the second end; and A second plate is connected to and extends radially outward from the second end, wherein the first plate, the second plate, and the second end define a plate channel, the plate channel being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the plate channel such that the plate channel is defined only by the first plate, the second plate, and the second end.

[0023] 17) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11), wherein the mixer further comprises: The second end, which is opposite to the first end; and A plurality of main body holes extend through the mixer body and are disposed between the second end and the orifice, each of the main body holes being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the mixer body.

[0024] 18) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11) further includes an internal mixer disposed within the mixer body, the internal mixer comprising: An internal mixer body extends about the chamber axis and is positioned such that the injection axis extends into the internal mixer body, the internal mixer body being configured to receive the exhaust gas and the processing fluid; Multiple internal orifices extending through the internal mixer body, each of the internal orifices being configured to facilitate the flow of the exhaust and the process fluid through the internal mixer body; and Multiple internal blades, each of which is connected to the internal mixer body along a portion of one of the internal orifices, each of which extends radially outward from the internal mixer body.

[0025] 19) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 18), wherein each of the internal blades extends through each of the orifices of the mixer.

[0026] 20) The exhaust aftertreatment system according to 11), wherein the mixer body extends about the chamber axis.

[0027] 21) A mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system, the mixer comprising: A mixer body, centered on a mixer axis and positioned such that the injection axis of the injector of the dispensing module extends into the mixer body, the mixer body being configured to receive exhaust gas and process fluid; A plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body, each of the orifices being disposed on the mixer body at an orifice angle relative to a reference axis parallel to the mixer axis, the orifice angle being between 5 degrees and 30 degrees, each of the orifices being configured to facilitate the exhaust flow through the mixer body, and each of the orifices comprising: -- First edge, and -- A second edge, the second edge being perpendicular to and adjacent to the first edge; and Multiple blades, each of which is connected to the mixer body along a portion of one of the orifices, each of which extends radially inward from the mixer body; The reference axis extends through: (i) the intersection of the first edge and the second edge of one of the orifices, and (ii) the intersection of the first edge and the second edge of the other orifice.

[0028] 22) The mixer according to 21), wherein the orifice angle is between 10 degrees and 20 degrees.

[0029] 23) The mixer according to 21), wherein the mixer body comprises a cylindrical shape.

[0030] 24) The mixer according to 21), wherein the mixer body extends about the jet axis. Attached Figure Description

[0031] This disclosure will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which, unless otherwise indicated, similar reference numerals denote similar elements, as shown in the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of an example exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of another example exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 3 This is yet another example of an exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 4 This is a front view of yet another example exhaust aftertreatment system including the dispenser assembly; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 6 and 7 These are various perspective views of the mixer; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of another mixer connected to the panel within the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 9 This is a perspective view of yet another mixer; Figure 10 This is a perspective view of yet another mixer; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of another mixer within the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 12 This is a perspective view of yet another mixer; Figure 13 This is a perspective view of yet another mixer; Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Rear view of the mixer; Figure 15 It is within the exhaust aftertreatment system Figure 13 and Figure 14 A cross-sectional view of the mixer; Figure 16 yes Figure 15 The view of detail A in the image; Figure 17 This is a front view of yet another mixer; Figure 18 It is along Figure 17 The line 18-18 in the middle is cut off Figure 17 A cross-sectional view of the mixer; Figure 19A and Figure 19B yes Figure 17 and Figure 18 A side view of a portion of the mixer; Figure 20A and Figure 20B yes Figure 17 and Figure 18 A side view of another part of the mixer; Figure 21 This is a front view of yet another mixer; Figure 22 yes Figure 21Side view of the mixer; Figure 23 and Figure 24 This is yet another example of an exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 25 yes Figure 23 and Figure 24 Side view of the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 26 yes Figure 23 and Figure 24 A top view of the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 27 yes Figure 23 and Figure 24 Rear view of the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 28 and Figure 29 It is along Figure 24 The plane 28-28 in the middle is intercepted Figure 23 and Figure 24 A cross-sectional view of the exhaust aftertreatment system; Figure 30 This is a front view of yet another mixer; Figure 31 yes Figure 30 Left view of the mixer; Figure 32 This is a perspective view of yet another mixer; Figure 33 It is along Figure 32 The plane 33-33 in the middle is intercepted Figure 32 A cross-sectional view of a mixer, which includes conduit couplings. Figure 34 yes Figure 33 Left view of the mixer; Figure 35 yes Figure 32 The right-side view of the mixer; Figure 36 yes Figure 32 and Figure 35 Front view of the mixer; Figure 37 yes Figure 32 and Figure 35 Left view of the mixer; Figure 38 It is along Figure 35 The plane 38-38 cut Figure 32 and Figure 35 A cross-sectional view of the mixer; Figure 39 It is used to form Figure 32 and Figure 35 A view of the flat blank of the mixer; Figure 40 yes Figure 39 The view of detail B in the image; and Figure 41 yes Figure 39 The view of details C in the middle.

[0032] It should be recognized that the drawings are schematic representations for illustrative purposes. The drawings are provided to illustrate one or more embodiments, and it should be clearly understood that they are not intended to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts and implementations related to methods and apparatus for providing a mixer for an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine. The various concepts described above and discussed in more detail below can be implemented in any of a variety of ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0034] I. Overview Internal combustion engines (e.g., diesel engines, etc.) produce exhaust gases, which are typically treated by a distributor assembly within an exhaust aftertreatment system. The distributor assembly typically treats the exhaust gases using a treatment fluid (e.g., a reducing agent, hydrocarbons, etc.) released from the distributor assembly by injectors. The treatment fluid (e.g., a reducing agent) can be adsorbed by a catalyst element. The treatment fluid adsorbed in the catalyst element is used to reduce NO in the exhaust gases. x Treating fluids (such as hydrocarbons) can increase the exhaust temperature to reduce NO in the exhaust. x The dispenser assembly is mounted on a component of the exhaust aftertreatment system. For example, the dispenser assembly may be mounted on a decomposer reactor, exhaust duct, panel, or other similar component of the exhaust aftertreatment system.

[0035] Mixing exhaust gas with the treatment fluid improves the NO content in the exhaust gas. x The mixing efficiency of the exhaust and the treated fluid is reduced. Equipment can be used to promote mixing between exhaust and treated fluids through turbulent flow (e.g., turbulence, etc.). Turbulence in the form of vortices (e.g., eddies, etc.) improves the mixing characteristics of the fluids. For example, vortices in the exhaust cause the treated fluid to disperse within the exhaust, thereby improving the mixing between the exhaust and the treated fluid. However, equipment in the flow path of the treated fluid may tend to collect (e.g., accumulate, etc.) deposits of the treated fluid. These deposits may reduce the mixing efficiency of the equipment and the flow rate of the exhaust and / or treated fluid within the equipment located in or fluidly connected to the duct.

[0036] Embodiments herein relate to an exhaust aftertreatment system including a panel and a mixer coupled to the inside of the panel. The mixer includes a mixer body configured to receive exhaust gas and a treated fluid. The mixer also includes a plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body. These orifices facilitate the flow of exhaust gas and treated fluid through the mixer body. The mixer also includes a plurality of blades. The blades are coupled to the mixer body along portions of the orifices and extend radially outward from the mixer body. The blades cause the exhaust gas to vortex and disperse the treated fluid in the exhaust gas. The mixer may also include a first end having a plurality of tabs coupled to the inside of the panel. The mixer may also include a plurality of edge grooves positioned between two of the tabs. The edge grooves facilitate the flow of exhaust gas between the mixer and the inside of the panel, thereby preventing or minimizing the collection of treated fluid deposits on the mixer via the exhaust gas. Treated fluid deposits most readily accumulate near the injectors of the dispensing module. In these embodiments, the injectors are coupled to the outside of the panel such that the first end of the mixer is the part of the mixer closest to the injectors.

[0037] Embodiments herein also relate to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system comprising a decomposition chamber, a panel forming an upstream wall of the decomposition chamber, and a mixer coupled to the inner side of the panel. The decomposition chamber is configured to receive exhaust gas and a treatment fluid and convert the treatment fluid into ammonia. The mixer includes a mixer body configured to receive exhaust gas and the treatment fluid. The mixer also includes a plurality of orifices extending through the mixer body. The orifices facilitate the flow of exhaust gas and the treatment fluid through the mixer body. The mixer also includes a plurality of blades. The blades are coupled to the mixer body along portions of the orifices and extend radially inward from the mixer body. The blades cause the exhaust gas to vortex and disperse the treatment fluid in the exhaust gas. Extending the blades radially inward from the mixer body reduces the number of impact surfaces that contact the exhaust gas when it enters the mixer body, resulting in less deposit formation on the mixer. The mixer body can be combined with the decomposition chamber such that the mixer body functions as the decomposition chamber. This results in a reduced pressure drop within the decomposition chamber, thereby helping the mixer to effectively disperse the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of the mixer. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system may also include an additional mixing volume downstream of the mixer. Additional mixing volume provides extra time for mixing exhaust and process fluids via space (e.g., volume), resulting in better mixing of exhaust and process fluids.

[0038] II. Overview of Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems Figure 1An exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is depicted, having an example treatment fluid delivery system 102 for an exhaust duct system 104. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes the treatment fluid delivery system 102, a particulate filter 106 (e.g., a diesel particulate filter (DPF)), a decomposition chamber 108 (e.g., a reactor, reactor pipe, duct, etc.), and a catalyst component 110 (e.g., an SCR catalyst component, etc.).

[0039] Particulate filter 106 is configured (e.g., constructed to, capable of, etc.) to remove particulate matter, such as soot, from exhaust gas flowing in exhaust duct system 104. Particulate filter 106 includes an inlet and an outlet, at which exhaust gas is received, and after generally filtering particulate matter from the exhaust gas and / or converting particulate matter into carbon dioxide, the exhaust gas exits at the outlet. In some embodiments, particulate filter 106 may be omitted.

[0040] The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the particulate filter 106 and treatment fluid from the treatment fluid delivery system 102. The treatment fluid can be, for example, a reducing agent (e.g., urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), Adblue®, urea water solution (UWS), aqueous urea solution (e.g., AUS32, etc.), and / or other similar fluids) or hydrocarbons (e.g., fuel, oil, additives, etc.). Introducing a reducing agent into the exhaust gas can help reduce unwanted components (e.g., NO) in the exhaust gas. x The exhaust gas contains hydrocarbons (e.g., hydrocarbons). When hydrocarbons are introduced into the exhaust gas, the exhaust temperature may increase (e.g., to promote the regeneration of components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100). For example, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 may include a spark plug 109 (e.g., an igniter) configured to increase the exhaust temperature by burning hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. The decomposition chamber 108 includes an inlet and an outlet, the inlet of which is in fluid communication with the particulate filter 106 to receive particulates containing NO. x The exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 is used for exhaust gas and NO. x Emissions, ammonia, and / or treatment fluids flow to catalyst member 110. In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the decomposition chamber 108 is centered on the chamber axis 111.

[0041] The processed fluid delivery system 102 includes a dispenser assembly 112 (e.g., a dispenser module, etc.) configured to dispense processed fluid into a decomposition chamber 108 (e.g., via an injector). The dispenser assembly 112 is mounted to the decomposition chamber 108 such that it can dispense processed fluid into exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust duct system 104. The dispenser assembly 112 may include an insulator (e.g., a vibration insulator, a thermal insulator, etc.) inserted between a portion of the dispenser assembly 112 and a portion of the decomposition chamber 108 on which it is mounted. The insulator can reduce vibration and / or heat transfer from the decomposition chamber 108 to the dispenser assembly 112.

[0042] The dispenser assembly 112 is fluidly coupled to a processing fluid source 114 (e.g., fluidly configured to communicate with the processing fluid source 114, etc.). The processing fluid source 114 may include multiple processing fluid sources 114. The processing fluid source 114 may be, for example, a diesel exhaust fluid tank containing Adblue®. A processing fluid pump 116 (e.g., a supply unit, etc.) is used to pressurize the processing fluid from the processing fluid source 114 to deliver it to the dispenser assembly 112. In some embodiments, the processing fluid pump 116 is pressure-controlled (e.g., controlled to obtain a target pressure, etc.). The processing fluid pump 116 includes a processing fluid filter 118. The processing fluid filter 118 filters (e.g., strains, etc.) the processing fluid before it is supplied to the internal components of the processing fluid pump 116 (e.g., pistons, vanes, etc.). For example, the processing fluid filter 118 may suppress or prevent the transport of solids (e.g., solidified processing fluid, contaminants, etc.) to the internal components of the processing fluid pump 116. In this way, the processing fluid filter 118 can facilitate the extended desired operation of the processing fluid pump 116. In some embodiments, the processing fluid pump 116 is coupled (e.g., fastened, attached, bonded, welded, etc.) to the chassis of a vehicle associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system 100.

[0043] The dispenser assembly 112 includes at least one injector 120. Each injector 120 is configured to dispense treatment fluid into the exhaust gas (e.g., within the decomposition chamber 108) along an injection axis 119. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system 100 includes a mixer 121 (e.g., a vortex generator, blade plate, inlet plate, deflector plate, etc.). At least a portion of the mixer 121 may be located within the decomposition chamber 108. However, at least a portion of the mixer 121 may also be located in a duct of the exhaust gas duct system 104 (e.g., a duct upstream of the decomposition chamber 108, etc.). The mixer 121 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 and treatment fluid from the injectors 120, such that the injection axis 119 extends into the mixer 121. The mixer 121 is also configured to facilitate mixing of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid. Mixer 121 is configured to promote swirling (e.g., tumbling, rotation, etc.) of the exhaust gas and mixing (e.g., combination, etc.) of the exhaust gas and the treatment fluid, so as to disperse the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of mixer 121. By using mixer 121 to disperse the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas (e.g., to obtain an increased uniformity index, etc.), the reduction of emissions of unwanted components in the exhaust gas is enhanced or the temperature of the exhaust gas may be increased.

[0044] As the injection axis 119 extends into the mixer 121, it may extend at an angle relative to the central axis of the mixer 121. For example, in some embodiments, the injection axis 119 may coincide with the central axis of the mixer 121. In other embodiments, the injection axis 119 may be perpendicular to the central axis of the mixer 121. In yet another embodiment, the injection axis 119 may be parallel to the central axis of the mixer 121.

[0045] In some embodiments, the injector 120 is not directly coupled to the mixer 121. In these embodiments, the injector 120 and the mixer 121 may each be coupled to the same component (e.g., a panel, chamber, etc.). In other embodiments, the injector 120 is directly coupled to the mixer 121. In these embodiments, the injector 120 and the mixer 121 may also each be coupled to the same component. In some embodiments, the injector 120 is not disposed within the mixer 121. In other embodiments, the injector 120 may be at least partially disposed within the mixer 121.

[0046] In some embodiments, the process fluid delivery system 102 further includes an air pump 122. In these embodiments, the air pump 122 draws air from an air source 124 (e.g., an air inlet, etc.) and passes the air through an air filter 126 disposed upstream of the air pump 122. Additionally, the air pump 122 supplies air to the dispenser assembly 112 via a conduit. In these embodiments, the dispenser assembly 112 is configured to mix air and process fluid into an air-process fluid mixture and to supply the air-process fluid mixture to the decomposition chamber 108. In other embodiments, the process fluid delivery system 102 does not include an air pump 122 or an air source 124. In such embodiments, the dispenser assembly 112 is not configured to mix the process fluid with air.

[0047] Spark plug 109, dispenser assembly 112, and process fluid pump 116 are also electrically or communicatively connected to process fluid delivery system controller 128. Process fluid delivery system controller 128 can control spark plug 109 to ignite the process fluid in decomposition chamber 108. Process fluid delivery system controller 128 controls dispenser assembly 112 to dispense process fluid into decomposition chamber 108. Process fluid delivery system controller 128 can also control process fluid pump 116.

[0048] The fluid delivery system controller 128 includes processing circuitry 130. Processing circuitry 130 includes a processor 132 and a memory 134. Processor 132 may include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a combination thereof. Memory 134 may be, but is not limited to, electronic, optical, magnetic, or any other storage or transmission device capable of providing program instructions to the processor, ASIC, FPGA, etc. Memory 134 may include memory chips, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, or any other suitable memory from which the fluid delivery system controller 128 may read instructions. Instructions may include code from any suitable programming language. Memory 134 may include various modules that include instructions configured to be implemented by processor 132.

[0049] In various embodiments, the processing fluid delivery system controller 128 is configured to communicate with a central controller 136 (e.g., engine control unit (ECU), engine control module (ECM), etc.) of an internal combustion engine having an exhaust aftertreatment system 100. In some embodiments, the central controller 136 and the processing fluid delivery system controller 128 are integrated into a single controller.

[0050] In some embodiments, the central controller 136 may communicate with a display device (e.g., a screen, monitor, touchscreen, head-up display (HUD), indicator light, etc.). The display device may be configured to change its state in response to receiving information from the central controller 136. For example, the display device may be configured to change between a static state (e.g., displaying a green light, displaying a "System OK" message, etc.) and an alarm state (e.g., displaying a flashing red light, displaying a "Maintenance Required" message, etc.) based on communication from the central controller 136. By changing the state, the display device may provide an indication to a user (e.g., an operator, etc.) of the status (e.g., running, requiring maintenance, etc.) of the handling fluid delivery system 102.

[0051] The decomposition chamber 108 is located upstream of the catalyst member 110. As a result, a treatment fluid is injected upstream of the catalyst member 110, causing the catalyst member 110 to receive a mixture of the treatment fluid and the exhaust gas. The treated droplets undergo evaporation, pyrolysis, and hydrolysis processes within the exhaust duct system 104 to form non-NOx. x Emissions (e.g., gaseous ammonia).

[0052] Catalyst component 110 includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of catalyst component 110 is in fluid communication with decomposition chamber 108. Exhaust gas and treatment fluid are received from the inlet of catalyst component 110. The outlet of catalyst component 110 is in fluid communication with one end of exhaust duct system 104.

[0053] The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 may also include an oxidation catalyst component (e.g., a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)) in fluid communication with the exhaust duct system 104 (e.g., downstream of the catalyst component 110 or upstream of the particulate filter 106) to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas.

[0054] In some embodiments, the particulate filter 106 may be located downstream of the decomposition chamber 108. For example, the particulate filter 106 and the catalyst assembly 110 may be combined into a single unit. In some embodiments, the dispenser assembly 112 may alternatively be located downstream of or upstream of the turbocharger.

[0055] The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a dispenser mounting bracket 138 (e.g., mounting bracket, connector, plate, etc.). The dispenser mounting bracket 138 connects the dispenser assembly 112 to a component of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. The dispenser mounting bracket 138 is configured to reduce heat transfer from exhaust gas passing through the exhaust duct system 104 to the dispenser assembly 112. In this way, the dispenser assembly 112 can operate more efficiently and ideally than other dispenser assemblies that cannot reduce heat transfer. Additionally, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 is configured to facilitate reliable installation of the dispenser assembly 112. This reduces manufacturing costs associated with the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 and ensures repeatable installation of the dispenser assembly 112.

[0056] In various embodiments, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 connects the dispenser assembly 112 to the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 connects the dispenser assembly 112 to an exhaust duct of the exhaust duct system 104. For example, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 may connect the dispenser assembly 112 to an exhaust duct of the exhaust duct system 104 located upstream of the decomposition chamber 108, or to an exhaust duct of the exhaust duct system 104 located downstream of the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 connects the dispenser assembly 112 to the particulate filter 106 and / or catalyst member 110. The location of the dispenser mounting bracket 138 may vary depending on the application of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100. For example, in some exhaust aftertreatment systems 100, the dispenser mounting bracket 138 may be located further upstream than in other exhaust aftertreatment systems 100. Furthermore, some exhaust aftertreatment systems 100 may include multiple dispenser assemblies 112, and therefore may include multiple dispenser mounting brackets 138.

[0057] Figures 2-5 Various embodiments of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 are shown, with the exhaust flow direction indicated by dashed lines. In these embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a panel 140 (e.g., an end cap, etc.). The panel 140 forms a wall located upstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and downstream of the particulate filter 106. A dispenser mounting bracket 138 is coupled to the panel 140. The panel 140 can be coupled to the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3In the embodiments shown, panel 140 is positioned such that chamber axis 111 extends through panel 140. Panel 140 includes an inner side 141 (e.g., an inner surface, inner side surface, etc.) facing the decomposition chamber 108. Panel 140 also includes an outer side 142 (e.g., an outer surface, outer side surface, etc.) opposite the inner side 141. Outer side 142 faces dispenser mounting bracket 138. Dispenser assembly 112 is coupled to outer side 142 via dispenser mounting bracket 138. Because dispenser assembly 112 is coupled to outer side 142, injector 120 is configured to provide processing fluid into decomposition chamber 108 through panel 140. Panel 140 may include injector orifice 139 configured to receive injector 120 when dispenser assembly 112 is coupled to outer side 142 of panel 140.

[0058] Figure 2 An embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is shown. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes an inlet exhaust duct 143 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.) fluidly connected to an internal combustion engine and configured to receive exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an oxidation catalyst component 144 disposed downstream of the inlet exhaust duct 143 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the inlet exhaust duct 143. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a first conversion catalyst component (e.g., catalyst component 110) disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst component 144 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the oxidation catalyst component 144. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an exhaust filter component (e.g., particulate filter 106) disposed downstream of the first conversion catalyst component and configured to receive exhaust gas from the first conversion catalyst component. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a decomposition chamber 108 disposed downstream of the exhaust filter component and configured to receive exhaust gas from the exhaust filter component. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a panel 140, and a dispenser assembly 112 is coupled to the panel 140. The injector 120 of the dispenser assembly 112 is configured to inject treatment fluid through the panel 140 and into the decomposition chamber 108.

[0059] exist Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further includes a first exhaust separation duct 146 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.) and a second exhaust separation duct 148 (e.g., chamber, pipe, etc.). Both the first exhaust separation duct 146 and the second exhaust separation duct 148 are downstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and are configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108, wherein the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 is split approximately uniformly (e.g., uniformly, within 5% difference, etc.) between the first exhaust separation duct 146 and the second exhaust separation duct 148 (e.g., divided, spread, etc.). The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes a second conversion catalyst component (e.g., catalyst component 110) coupled to the first exhaust separation duct 146 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 through the first exhaust separation duct 146. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes a third conversion catalyst component (e.g., catalyst component 110) coupled to a second exhaust separation duct 148 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108 through the second exhaust separation duct 148. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an outlet exhaust duct 150 disposed downstream of the first exhaust separation duct 146 and the second exhaust separation duct 148, and configured to receive exhaust gas from both the first exhaust separation duct 146 and the second exhaust separation duct 148.

[0060] Figure 3 Another embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is shown. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes an intake chamber 152 (e.g., a line, pipe, etc.). The intake chamber 152 is configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an upstream catalyst component (e.g., catalyst component 110). The upstream catalyst component is disposed downstream of the intake chamber 152. The upstream catalyst component is configured to receive exhaust gas from the intake chamber 152. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 may include a hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154 (e.g., a reactor, reactor pipe, conduit, etc.), which is located downstream of the upstream catalyst component and configured to receive exhaust gas from the upstream catalyst component and process (e.g., dispense, etc.) the hydrocarbon-containing exhaust gas via a hydrocarbon dispensing module. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a first oxidation catalyst component 156 disposed downstream of the hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154. The first oxidation catalyst component 156 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the hydrocarbon decomposition chamber 154.

[0061] exist Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further includes an upstream particulate filter (e.g., particulate filter 106) disposed downstream of the first oxidation catalyst member 156. The upstream particulate filter is configured to receive exhaust gas from the first oxidation catalyst member 156. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a decomposition chamber 108 disposed downstream of the upstream particulate filter. The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the upstream particulate filter. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a panel 140 and a dispenser assembly 112 coupled to the panel 140. An injector 120 of the dispenser assembly 112 is configured to inject a treatment fluid through the panel 140 and into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a first downstream catalyst member (e.g., catalyst member 110) disposed downstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a second downstream catalyst component (e.g., catalyst component 110) disposed downstream of the first downstream catalyst component and configured to receive exhaust gas from the first downstream catalyst component. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an outlet chamber 158 (e.g., a line, pipe, duct, etc.) disposed downstream of the second downstream catalyst component and configured to receive exhaust gas from the second downstream catalyst component.

[0062] Figure 4 and Figure 5Another embodiment of an exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is shown. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes a first aftertreatment leg 160 (e.g., a duct, chamber, etc.) and an inlet duct 162 (e.g., a line, pipe, conduit, etc.) fluidly connected to the first aftertreatment leg 160. The first aftertreatment leg 160 is configured to receive exhaust gas via the inlet duct 162. The first aftertreatment leg 160 includes an oxidation catalyst member 164 configured to oxidize hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a second aftertreatment leg 166 (e.g., a duct, chamber, etc.) fluidly connected to the first aftertreatment leg 160. The second aftertreatment leg 166 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the oxidation catalyst member 164 of the first aftertreatment leg 160. The second aftertreatment leg 166 includes a particulate filter 106. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes a decomposition chamber 108. The decomposition chamber 108 is fluidly connected to a second aftertreatment branch 166 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the particulate filter 106 of the second aftertreatment branch 166. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a panel 140 and a dispenser assembly 112 connected to the panel 140. An injector 120 of the dispenser assembly 112 is configured to inject treatment fluid through the panel 140 and into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a third aftertreatment branch 168 (e.g., a duct, chamber, etc.) fluidly connected to the decomposition chamber 108. The third aftertreatment branch 168 includes one or more catalyst components 110. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an outlet duct 170 fluidly connected to the third aftertreatment branch 168. The outlet duct 170 (e.g., a line, chamber, pipe, etc.) is configured to receive exhaust gas from one or more catalyst components 110 of the third aftertreatment branch 168.

[0063] Figures 23-29 Another embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is shown. Figure 23 Another embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 is shown. In this embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 includes an intake duct 172 (e.g., a line, pipe, etc.). The intake duct 172 is configured to receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an oxidation catalyst component 174 disposed downstream of the intake duct 172. The oxidation catalyst component 174 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the intake duct 172. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a particulate filter 106 disposed downstream of the oxidation catalyst component 174. The particulate filter 106 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the oxidation catalyst component 174.

[0064] exist Figures 23-29In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 further includes a decomposition chamber 108 disposed downstream of the particulate filter 106. The decomposition chamber 108 is configured to receive exhaust gas from the particulate filter 106. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a panel 140 and a dispenser assembly 112 coupled to the panel 140. An injector 120 of the dispenser assembly 112 is configured to inject a treatment fluid through the panel 140 and into the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes a catalyst member 110 disposed downstream of the decomposition chamber 108 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber 108. The exhaust aftertreatment system 100 also includes an outlet conduit 176 (e.g., a line, pipe, conduit, etc.) disposed downstream of the catalyst member 110 and configured to receive exhaust gas from the catalyst member 110.

[0065] III. Overview of Example Mixers Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figures 12-14 , Figures 17-19B , Figure 21 , Figure 22 and Figures 31-41 A mixer 121 according to various embodiments is shown. The mixer 121 includes a mixer body 200 (e.g., a housing, frame, etc.). The mixer body 200 is positioned such that a jet axis 119 extends into the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 In those embodiments, the mixer body 200 is positioned such that it extends about the chamber axis 111. As explained in more detail herein, the mixer body 200 is configured to receive radial flow of exhaust gas, receive at least a portion of axial flow of the processed fluid, and provide at least a portion of axial flow of a mixture of exhaust gas and processed fluid. The mixer body 200 harnesses the radial entry of the exhaust gas to cause rotation of the exhaust gas and processed fluid within the mixer body 200 to facilitate mixing of the exhaust gas and processed fluid within the mixer body 200 and downstream of the mixer body 200 (e.g., within the decomposition chamber 108, etc.). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the mixer body 200 is a truncated conical shape (e.g., Figures 6-19B , Figure 21 and Figure 22 (As shown). In other embodiments, at least a portion of the mixer body 200 is cylindrical (e.g., Figures 23-26 (As shown), the shape of the cone or the shape of a sphere.

[0066] Mixer 121 includes a plurality of (e.g., more than one) orifices 202. Each orifice 202 extends through mixer body 200 and is configured to facilitate venting and processing of fluid flow through mixer body 200. In some embodiments, mixer 121 includes ten orifices 202. In other embodiments, mixer 121 includes (i) fewer than ten orifices 202 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten orifices 202 (e.g., eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0067] In some embodiments, each orifice 202 has a rectangular shape, wherein the width of the orifice 202 is approximately constant (e.g., within 5%, etc.) throughout the orifice 202, and the length of the orifice 202 is approximately constant throughout the orifice 202. In other embodiments, each orifice 202 has a trapezoidal shape. In these embodiments, (i) the width of the orifice 202 may vary throughout the orifice 202, and the length of the orifice 202 may also vary throughout the orifice 202; (ii) the width of the orifice 202 may remain approximately constant throughout the orifice 202, while the length of the orifice 202 may vary throughout the orifice 202; and (iii) the width of the orifice 202 may vary throughout the orifice 202, while the length of the orifice 202 may remain constant throughout the orifice 202. In other embodiments, each orifice 202 has a circular shape, a semi-circular shape, a triangular shape, an elliptical shape, an octagonal shape, a square shape, or other common shapes. Each orifice 202 includes an opening area defined by the size of the orifice 202. In some embodiments, the opening area of ​​each orifice 202 is approximately 400 mm². 2 and 850mm 2 (For example, 621.94 mm) 2 Between (etc.).

[0068] The mixer 121 also includes a plurality of blades 204. Each blade 204 is coupled to a portion of one of the orifices 202 to the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, each blade 204 extends radially outward from the mixer body 200. In these embodiments, as Figure 6 As shown, at least one blade of blade 204 extends radially outward from the mixer body 200 at an angle A0 (e.g., 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees, etc.) relative to the mixer body 200 at a distance between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 85 degrees. In other embodiments, each blade 204 extends radially inward from the mixer body 200. In these embodiments, as... Figure 31As shown, at least one of the blades 204 extends radially inward from the mixer body 200 at an angle A9 (e.g., 35 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, etc.) between approximately 15 degrees and approximately 85 degrees relative to the mixer body 200. In some embodiments, one or more of the blades 204 extend radially inward from the mixer body 200, while one or more of the blades 204 extend radially outward from the mixer body 200. Exhaust flow passes through orifice 202 and flows along the blades 204. The blades 204 may be angled relative to the mixer body 200, thereby creating vortices in the exhaust flow as it passes through the mixer body 200. These vortices enhance the mixing of the processed fluid with the exhaust downstream of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises ten blades 204. In other embodiments, the mixer 121 comprises (i) fewer than ten blades 204 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten blades 204 (e.g., eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0069] In some embodiments, each of the blades 204 has a substantially rectangular shape, wherein the width of the blade 204 is substantially constant throughout the blade 204, and the length of the blade 204 is substantially constant throughout the blade 204. In other embodiments, each blade 204 has a substantially trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the blade 204 varies throughout the blade 204, and the length of the blade 204 is (i) substantially constant throughout the blade 204 or (ii) varies throughout the blade 204.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, each blade 204 includes a first portion and a second portion. Each of the first and second portions includes a first edge contiguous with the mixer body 200. The first edge of the first portion and the first edge of the second portion may be contiguous with the orifice 202. Each of the first and second portions also includes a second edge. The second edges of the first and second portions are adjacent to each other (e.g., the second edge of the first portion is adjacent to the second edge of the second portion). The first portion is angled away from the mixer body 200 with a first opening angle, and the second portion is angled away from the mixer body 200 with a second opening angle. In some embodiments, the first opening angle is equal to the second opening angle. In other embodiments, the first opening angle is (i) less than (e.g., less than, etc.) the second opening angle or (ii) more than (e.g., greater than, etc.) the second opening angle. In some embodiments, the first opening angle is between approximately 10 degrees and approximately 90 degrees, and the second opening angle is between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 60 degrees.

[0071] The mixer 121 also includes a first end portion 206 disposed at the front portion of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the first end portion 206 includes a plurality of tabs 208. At least one of the tabs 208 is coupled to the inner side 141 of the panel 140. In these embodiments, the first end portion 206 also includes a plurality of edge grooves 210. Each of the edge grooves 210 is positioned between two tabs of the tabs 208 and is configured to facilitate the flow of exhaust gas between the mixer 121 and the inner side 141 of the panel 140. Each of the edge grooves 210 abuts two tabs of the tabs 208, and each tab 208 abuts two edge grooves of the edge grooves 210.

[0072] In some embodiments, the tabs 208 are uniformly spaced around the periphery of the first end 206. In other embodiments, the tabs 208 are non-uniformly spaced around the periphery of the first end 206, such that a first circumferential distance between two tabs 208 in a first group is longer than a second circumferential distance between two tabs 208 in a second group. In some embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is approximately equal to the circumferential length of the edge groove 210. In other embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is longer than the circumferential length of the edge groove 210. In still other embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is shorter than the circumferential length of the edge groove 210. In some embodiments, the circumferential length of the surface of the tab 208 is between approximately 10 mm and approximately 50 mm, and the circumferential length of the edge groove 210 is between approximately 10 mm and approximately 50 mm. In some embodiments, at least one tab of the tabs 208 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, at least one tab of the tabs 208 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.

[0073] The mixer 121 also includes a second end 212, which is disposed opposite to the first end 206 and configured to be received within the decomposition chamber 108. In some embodiments, the second end 212 includes a flange 214 extending radially outward from the mixer body 200. The flange 214 is configured to be received within the decomposition chamber 108. The flange 214 is configured to increase the exhaust velocity and shear stress, thereby resulting in a reduction in processed fluid deposits at the second end 212 compared to the second end 212 without the flange 214.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, flange 214 includes a mixer body edge 215 and an outlet edge 216 adjacent to mixer body 200. In some embodiments, flange 214 includes the following relationship: L = (R 1f –R 2f) / sin(θ). In this relationship, (i) L is the length of flange 214 measured along flange 214 between the mixer body edge 215 and the outlet edge 216 of flange 214, and (ii) R 1f R is the first flange radius measured from the mixer axis 228 to the outlet edge 216 of the flange 214, and R 1f Between 0.04 meters (m) and 0.08 meters, (iii)R 2f The second flange radius, measured from the mixer axis 228 to the mixer body edge 215 of the flange 214, is in the form of R. 2f =R 1e / α, where (a)R 1e R is the first end radius measured from the mixer axis 228 to the first end 206 of the mixer 121, and R 1e (a) α is between 0.02 m and 0.05 m, and (b) α is the radius ratio, between 0.06 and 0.09. Additionally, in this relationship, θ is the flange angle measured relative to the mixer axis 228, and θ is between 15 degrees and 50 degrees. In other embodiments, the length (e.g., L) of the flange 214 is between approximately 0.01 m and approximately 0.06 m.

[0075] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, flange 214 includes a plurality of flange holes 217 extending through flange 214. Each of the flange holes 217 is configured to facilitate exhaust flow through flange 214, thereby allowing a portion of the exhaust to bypass the inside of mixer body 200 and continue flowing through decomposition chamber 108. This results in a reduced pressure drop (e.g., pressure reduction) within decomposition chamber 108, thereby helping mixer 121 to effectively disperse the processed fluid within the exhaust downstream of mixer 121.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figures 13-16 As shown, flange 214 includes a plurality of flange grooves 218 extending through flange 214. The flange grooves 218 may be similar to those described above with respect to flange bore 217. Each flange groove 218 creates a gap 220 between the inner surface of flange groove 218 and the outer surface of mixer body 200. In some embodiments, the radial width of gap 220 (e.g., width in the radial direction, etc.) is between 3 mm and 7 mm. In other embodiments, the radial width of gap 220 is (i) less than 3 mm or (ii) greater than 7 mm.

[0077] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12As shown, mixer 121 also includes a first plate 222. The first plate 222 is coupled to and extends radially outward from the second end 212. Mixer 121 also includes a second plate 224. The second plate 224 is coupled to and extends radially outward from the second end 212. Mixer 121 also includes a mixer axis 228 extending through the mixer body 200. The first plate 222 forms a third opening angle relative to the mixer axis 228. The second plate 224 forms a fourth opening angle relative to the mixer axis 228. The first plate 222, the second plate 224, and the second end 212 define a plate channel 226 configured to facilitate exhaust flow through the plate channel. In some embodiments, the plate channel 226 is defined only by the first plate 222, the second plate 224, and the second end 212.

[0078] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, mixer 121 also includes a plurality of body holes 230 extending through mixer body 200. Each of the body holes 230 is configured to facilitate the flow of exhaust gas from the outer portion of mixer body 200 through the inner portion of mixer body 200. This results in a reduced pressure drop within decomposition chamber 108, thereby helping mixer 121 to effectively disperse the processed fluid in the exhaust gas downstream of mixer 121.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figures 17-20B As shown, mixer 121 also includes an internal mixer 240 disposed within mixer body 200. Internal mixer 240 includes an internal mixer body 242. Internal mixer body 242 extends about chamber axis 111 and is positioned such that injection axis 119 extends into internal mixer body 242. Internal mixer body 242 is configured to receive exhaust and process fluid. Internal mixer 240 includes a plurality of internal orifices 244. Each internal orifice 244 extends through internal mixer body 242 and is configured to facilitate the flow of exhaust and process fluid through internal mixer body 242. In some embodiments, internal mixer 240 includes ten internal orifices 244. In other embodiments, internal mixer 240 includes (i) fewer than ten internal orifices 244 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten internal orifices 244 (e.g., eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0080] In some embodiments, each internal aperture 244 has a substantially rectangular shape, wherein the width of the internal aperture 244 is substantially constant throughout the internal aperture 244, and the length of the internal aperture 244 is substantially constant throughout the internal aperture 244. In other embodiments, each internal aperture 244 has a substantially trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the internal aperture 244 varies throughout the internal aperture 244, and the length of the internal aperture 244 is (i) substantially constant throughout the internal aperture 244 or (ii) varies throughout the internal aperture 244.

[0081] The internal mixer 240 also includes a plurality of internal blades 246. Each internal blade 246 is coupled to an internal mixer body 242 along a portion of one of the internal orifices 244. Each internal blade 246 extends radially outward from the internal mixer body 242. Exhaust gas flows through the internal blades 246 via the internal orifices 244. The internal blades 246 may be angled relative to the internal mixer body 242, thereby creating vortices in the exhaust gas as it flows through the internal mixer body 242. These vortices enhance the mixing of the processed fluid with the exhaust gas downstream of the internal mixer body 242. Each of the internal blades 246 is configured to extend through each orifice 202 of the mixer 121. In some embodiments, the internal mixer 240 includes ten internal blades 246. In other embodiments, the internal mixer 240 includes (i) fewer than ten internal blades 246 (e.g., nine, eight, three, etc.) or (ii) more than ten internal blades 246 (e.g., eleven, twelve, twenty, etc.).

[0082] In some embodiments, each inner blade 246 has a substantially rectangular shape, wherein the width of the inner blade 246 is substantially constant throughout the inner blade 246, and the length of the inner blade 246 is substantially constant throughout the inner blade 246. In other embodiments, each inner blade 246 has a substantially trapezoidal shape, wherein the width of the inner blade 246 varies throughout the inner blade 246, and the length of the inner blade 246 is (i) substantially constant throughout the inner blade 246 or (ii) varies throughout the inner blade 246.

[0083] In some embodiments, each internal blade 246 includes a third portion and a fourth portion. Each of the third and fourth portions includes a third edge adjacent to the internal mixer body 242. The third edge of the third portion and the third edge of the fourth portion may be adjacent to the internal aperture 244. Each of the third and fourth portions also includes a fourth edge. The fourth edges of the third portion and the fourth edges of the fourth portion are adjacent to each other (e.g., the fourth edge of the third portion is adjacent to the fourth edge of the fourth portion). The third portion is angled away from the internal mixer body 242 with a third opening angle, and the fourth portion is angled away from the internal mixer body 242 with a fourth opening angle. In some embodiments, the third opening angle is equal to the fourth opening angle. In other embodiments, the third opening angle is (i) less than the fourth opening angle or (ii) greater than the fourth opening angle.

[0084] The internal mixer 240 also includes a third end portion 248 disposed at the front portion of the internal mixer 240 and a fourth end portion 249 disposed at the rear portion of the internal mixer 240. The third end portion 248 includes a plurality of internal tabs 250. At least one of the internal tabs 250 is coupled to the inner side 141 of the panel 140. The third end portion 248 also includes a plurality of internal edge grooves 252. Each of the internal edge grooves 252 is positioned between two of the internal tabs 250 and is configured to facilitate exhaust flow through the third end portion 248 and into the internal mixer body 242. In some embodiments, the third end portion 248 and the first end portion 206 are coplanar. In other embodiments, the third end portion 248 and the first end portion 206 are not coplanar.

[0085] like Figure 19AAs shown, mixer 121 includes a length L1 extending from the second end 212 to the lower surface of one of the edge grooves 210. In some embodiments, the length L1 may be between approximately 100 mm and approximately 120 mm (e.g., 107.67 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a second end outer diameter D1 extending near the second end 212 across an outer portion of mixer body 200. In some embodiments, the second end outer diameter D1 may be between approximately 115 mm and approximately 130 mm (e.g., 122 mm, etc.). In other embodiments, the second end outer diameter D1 may be between approximately 90 mm and approximately 101 mm (e.g., 95.9 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a second end inner diameter D2 extending near the second end 212 across an inner portion of mixer body 200. In some embodiments, the second end inner diameter D2 is between approximately 112 mm and 127 mm (e.g., 118.93 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a first end outer diameter D3 that extends across an outer portion of the mixer body 200 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first end outer diameter D3 may be between approximately 70 mm and approximately 80 mm (e.g., 74.39 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a first end inner diameter D4 that extends across an inner portion of the mixer body 200 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first end inner diameter D4 is between approximately 67 mm and 76 mm (e.g., 71.32 mm, etc.). In other embodiments, the first end inner diameter D4 is between approximately 86 mm and 98 mm (e.g., 92.5 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 includes a tab height H1 that defines the height of at least one of the tabs 208. In some embodiments, the tab height H1 is between approximately 4 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6.69 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 includes an edge slot width W1 that defines the width of the non-circumferential width of at least one of the edge slots 210. In some embodiments, the edge slot width W1 is between approximately 10 mm and 20 mm (e.g., 14.41 mm, etc.).

[0086] like Figure 19BAs shown, mixer 121 includes a blade length L2 truncated across the outermost portion of at least one of the blades 204. In some embodiments, the blade length L2 is between approximately 65 mm and approximately 77 mm (e.g., 72.76 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes an orifice length L3 defining the length of at least one of the orifices 202. In some embodiments, the orifice length L3 is between approximately 71 mm and approximately 85 mm (e.g., 77.56 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a first orifice width W2 defining the width of at least one of the orifices 202 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first orifice width W2 is between approximately 25 mm and approximately 35 mm (e.g., 30.5 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a second orifice width W3 defining the width of at least one of the orifices 202 near the second end 212. In some embodiments, the second orifice width W3 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.45 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a first blade width W4 that defines the width of at least one of the blades 204 near the first end 206. In some embodiments, the first blade width W4 is between approximately 27 mm and approximately 38 mm (e.g., 33.79 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a second blade width W5 that defines the width of at least one of the blades 204 near the second end 212. In some embodiments, the second blade width W5 is between approximately 16 mm and approximately 28 mm (e.g., 22.76 mm, etc.).

[0087] like Figure 20AAs shown, the internal mixer 240 includes a length L4 extending from a fourth end 249 to the lower surface of one of the internal edge grooves 252. In some embodiments, the length L4 may be between approximately 90 mm and approximately 110 mm (e.g., 97.79 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a fourth end outer diameter D5 extending near the fourth end 249 across an outer portion of the internal mixer body 242. In some embodiments, the fourth end outer diameter D5 may be between approximately 100 mm and approximately 125 mm (e.g., 113.7 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a second end inner diameter D6 extending near the fourth end 249 across an inner portion of the internal mixer body 242. In some embodiments, the second end inner diameter D6 is between approximately 95 mm and 120 mm (e.g., 110.55 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a third end outer diameter D7 that extends across an outer portion of the internal mixer body 242 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the third end outer diameter D7 may be between approximately 40 mm and approximately 60 mm (e.g., 51.24 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a first end inner diameter D8 that extends across an inner portion of the internal mixer body 242 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the first end inner diameter D8 is between approximately 37 mm and 57 mm (e.g., 48.09 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 includes a tab height H2 that defines the height of at least one of the internal tabs 250. In some embodiments, the tab height H2 is between approximately 1.5 mm and approximately 4.5 mm (e.g., 3.1 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 includes an edge groove width W6 that defines the width of a non-circumferential width of at least one of the internal edge grooves 252. In some embodiments, the edge groove width W6 is between approximately 5 mm and 15 mm (e.g., 9.36 mm, etc.).

[0088] like Figure 20BAs shown, the internal mixer 240 includes a blade length L5 truncated across the outermost portion of at least one of the internal blades 246. In some embodiments, the blade length L5 is between approximately 63 mm and approximately 75 mm (e.g., 70.53 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes an orifice length L6 that defines the length of at least one of the internal orifices 244. In some embodiments, the orifice length L6 is between approximately 65 mm and approximately 82 mm (e.g., 75 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a first orifice width W7 that defines the width of at least one of the internal orifices 244 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the first orifice width W7 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.32 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a second orifice width W8 that defines the width of at least one of the internal orifices 244 near the fourth end 249. In some embodiments, the second orifice width W8 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 25.62 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a first blade width W9 that defines the width of at least one of the internal blades 246 near the third end 248. In some embodiments, the first blade width W9 is between approximately 22 mm and approximately 33 mm (e.g., 27.71 mm, etc.). The internal mixer 240 also includes a second blade width W10 that defines the width of at least one of the internal blades 246 near the fourth end 249. In some embodiments, the second blade width W10 is between approximately 13 mm and approximately 23 mm (e.g., 17.42 mm, etc.).

[0089] In some embodiments, such as Figure 28 and Figure 29 As shown, the mixer body 200 can be combined with the decomposition chamber 108, such that the mixer body 200 serves as the decomposition chamber 108 (e.g., the mixer body 200 is the decomposition chamber 108). This results in a reduced pressure drop within the decomposition chamber 108, thereby helping the mixer 121 to effectively disperse the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of the mixer 121. Therefore, a portion of the mixer body 200 can extend across the gap between two adjacent bodies (e.g., a first body containing the particulate filter 106 and a second body containing the catalyst member 110, etc.). Furthermore, the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 can include an additional mixing volume 253 downstream of the mixer 121. The additional mixing volume 253 provides additional time for the exhaust gas and treatment fluid to mix before entering the catalyst member 110 via space (e.g., volume). This results in better mixing of the exhaust gas and treatment fluid, thereby reducing NO. x emission.

[0090] like Figures 30-41 As shown, orifice 202 may include a first set of orifices 254 (e.g., a first row of orifices, etc.), a second set of orifices 256, and a third set of orifices 258. Similarly, blades 204 may include a first set of blades 260, a second set of blades 262, and a third set of blades 264. The first set of orifices 254 corresponds to the first set of blades 260, such that each of the first set of blades 260 is connected to the mixer body 200 along a portion of the first set of orifices 254. The second set of orifices 256 corresponds to the second set of blades 262, such that each of the second set of blades 262 is connected to the mixer body 200 along a portion of the second set of orifices 256. The third set of orifices 258 corresponds to the third set of blades 264, such that each of the third set of blades 264 is connected to the mixer body 200 along a portion of the third set of orifices 258. This configuration generates exhaust vortices along the length of the mixer 121, which can increase the exhaust vortices. This can enhance the mixing of the processed fluid and the exhaust within the mixer 121. This can also enhance the reduction of sediment along mixer 121.

[0091] In other embodiments, such as Figures 32-41 As shown, orifice 202 may further include a fourth set of orifices 266. Blade 204 may further include a fourth set of blades 268. The fourth set of orifices 266 corresponds to the fourth set of blades 268, such that each of the fourth set of blades 268 is connected to the mixer body along a portion of the fourth set of orifices 266.

[0092] In other embodiments, the orifice 202 may include (i) more than four sets of orifices (e.g., five sets of orifices, six sets of orifices, seven sets of orifices, etc.), or (ii) fewer than three sets of orifices (e.g., only the first set of orifices 254, only the first set of orifices 254 and the second set of orifices 256, etc.). The blade 204 may include (i) more than four sets of blades (e.g., a fifth set of blades, a sixth set of blades, a seventh set of blades, etc.), or (ii) fewer than three sets of blades (e.g., only the first set of blades 260, only the first set of blades 260 and the second set of blades 262, etc.).

[0093] like Figure 28 , Figure 29 , Figure 32 and Figure 33As shown, the first end 206 may include a first connection slot 270 configured to connect the mixer 121 to a conduit connector 271 (e.g., a pipe connector) and / or other components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 (e.g., panel 140, particulate filter 106, etc.). The second end 212 may also include a second connection slot 272 configured to connect the mixer 121 to the conduit connector 271 and / or other components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 100 located downstream of the mixer 121 (e.g., catalyst member 110, etc.). In some embodiments, the first end 206 may include a plurality of first connection slots 270, and the second end 212 may include a plurality of second connection slots 272. In some embodiments, the conduit connector 271 is connected to the mixer body 200 without being connected to either the first connection slot 270 or the second connection slot 272. In some embodiments, the conduit connector 271 is connected to the mixer body 200 around the outer surface of the mixer body 200, making it less likely that the conduit connector 271 will accumulate deposits of the processed fluid.

[0094] like Figure 33 As shown, mixer 121 includes a length L7 extending from a first end 206 to a second end 212. In some embodiments, the length L7 is between approximately 390 mm and approximately 400 mm (e.g., 394 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a length L8 extending from the first end 206 to a conduit connector 271. In some embodiments, the length L8 is between approximately 360 mm and approximately 376 mm (e.g., 368.3 mm, etc.). Conduit connector 271 includes an outer diameter D9. In some embodiments, the outer diameter D9 is between approximately 120 mm and approximately 136 mm (e.g., 128 mm, etc.). When panel 140 is coupled to mixer 121 near the first end 206, panel 140 may have a panel width W11 projecting outward from the first end 206. In some embodiments, panel width W11 is between approximately 4 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). Figure 34 As shown, the injector orifice 139 includes an injector orifice diameter D10. In some embodiments, the injector orifice diameter D10 is between approximately 15 mm and approximately 29 mm (e.g., 22 mm, etc.).

[0095] like Figure 35As shown, mixer 121 may include a vertical axis 274 perpendicular to mixer axis 228. Mixer 121 includes an angle A1 between the edge of one blade of blade 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A1 is between approximately 25 degrees and approximately 35 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees, etc.). Mixer 121 includes an angle A2 between the edge of another blade of blade 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A2 is between approximately 37 degrees and approximately 47 degrees (e.g., 42 degrees, etc.). Mixer 121 includes an angle A3 between the edge of yet another blade of blade 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A3 is between approximately 110 degrees and approximately 120 degrees (e.g., 114 degrees, etc.). Mixer 121 includes an angle A4 between the edge of yet another blade of blade 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A4 is between approximately 1 degree and approximately 11 degrees (e.g., 5.9 degrees, etc.). Mixer 121 includes an angle A5 between the edge of another blade in blade 204 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A5 is between approximately 250 degrees and approximately 266 degrees (e.g., 258 degrees, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes an angle A6 between the edge of the second connecting groove 272 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, angle A6 is between approximately 279 degrees and approximately 293 degrees (e.g., 286 degrees, etc.).

[0096] like Figure 36 As shown, mixer 121 includes a length L9 between the edge of one of the orifices in the first set of orifices 254 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L9 is between approximately 26 mm and approximately 40 mm (e.g., 32.9 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 includes a length L10 between the edge of one of the orifices in the second set of orifices 256 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L10 is between approximately 80 mm and approximately 96 mm (e.g., 87.9 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 includes a length L11 between the edge of one of the orifices in the third set of orifices 258 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L11 is between approximately 135 mm and approximately 151 mm (e.g., 142.9 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 includes a length L12 between the edge of one of the orifices in the fourth set of orifices 266 and the first end 206. In some embodiments, the length L12 is between approximately 190 mm and approximately 206 mm (e.g., 197.9 mm, etc.). Figure 37 As shown, the mixer 121 includes an angle A7 between the edge of the first connecting groove 270 and the vertical axis 274. In some embodiments, the angle A7 is between approximately 60 degrees and approximately 76 degrees (e.g., 68 degrees, etc.).

[0097] like Figure 38As shown, mixer 121 may include a point X disposed at a second end 212 and a point Y disposed on mixer body 200. Point X and point Y are coplanar. Mixer 121 also includes a length L13 between points X and Y. In some embodiments, the length L13 is between approximately 42 mm and approximately 57 mm (e.g., 50 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a circularity tolerance C1 (e.g., roughness, etc.) between points X and Y. In some embodiments, the circularity tolerance C1 is between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 0.8 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 may also include a point N disposed on mixer body 200 and a point M disposed at a first end 206. Point N and point M are coplanar. Mixer 121 also includes a length L14 between points N and point M. In some embodiments, the length L14 is between approximately 13 mm and approximately 27 mm (e.g., 20 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a roundness tolerance C2 between point N and point M. In some embodiments, the roundness tolerance C2 is between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 0.8 mm, etc.).

[0098] like Figure 39As shown, mixer 121 may include an axial edge 276 parallel to mixer axis 228. Mixer 121 also includes a length L16 from axial edge 276 to the edge of one of the orifices 202. In some embodiments, length L16 is between approximately 30 mm and approximately 46 mm (e.g., 37.8 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a length L17 from axial edge 276 to the edge of another orifice 202. In some embodiments, length L17 is between approximately 90 mm and approximately 104 mm (e.g., 96.8 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a length L18 from axial edge 276 to the edge of yet another orifice 202. In some embodiments, length L18 is between approximately 150 mm and approximately 162 mm (e.g., 155.7 mm, etc.). Mixer 121 also includes a length L19 from axial edge 276 to the edge of yet another orifice 202. In some embodiments, the length L19 is between approximately 206 mm and approximately 222 mm (e.g., 214.7 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a length L20 from the axial edge 276 to the edge of another orifice in the orifice 202. In some embodiments, the length L20 is between approximately 266 mm and approximately 280 mm (e.g., 273.7 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 may include a continuous length L21 for at least one orifice in the orifice 202. In some embodiments, the continuous length L21 is between approximately 25 mm and approximately 35 mm (e.g., 30.1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 may include a continuous width W12 for at least one orifice in the orifice 202. In some embodiments, the continuous width W12 is between approximately 15 mm and approximately 25 mm (e.g., 20.4 mm, etc.).

[0099] like Figure 30 , Figure 32 , Figure 36 , Figure 38 and Figure 39As shown, each of the orifices 202 includes a first edge 278 adjacent to one of the blades 204. Each of the orifices 202 also includes a second edge 280 perpendicular to the first edge 278 and disposed along a first end of the first edge 278. Each of the orifices 202 also includes a third edge 282 perpendicular to the first edge 278 and disposed along a second end of the first edge 278 opposite to the first end of the first edge 278. Each of the orifices 202 also includes a fourth edge 284 opposite to the first edge 278 and perpendicular to both the second edge 280 and the third edge 282. In some embodiments, the length of the first edge 278 is between approximately 20 mm and approximately 40 mm (e.g., 30.1 mm, etc.). In some embodiments, the length of the second edge 280 is between approximately 10 mm and approximately 30 mm (e.g., 20.66 mm, etc.). In some embodiments, the first edge 278 and the fourth edge 284 have equal or approximately equal lengths. In other embodiments, the first edge 278 and the fourth edge 284 include different (e.g., unequal, etc.) lengths. In some embodiments, the second edge 280 and the third edge 282 include equal or approximately equal lengths. In other embodiments, the second edge 280 and the third edge 282 include different lengths.

[0100] like Figure 30 , Figure 32 , Figure 33 , Figure 36 , Figure 38 and Figure 39 As shown, mixer 121 may include a plurality of reference axes 300. Each of the reference axes 300 is parallel to mixer axis 228 and axial edge 276, and extends at least through (i) the intersection between the first edge 278 and the second edge 280 of one of the first set of orifices 254, and (ii) the intersection between the first edge 278 and the second edge 280 of one of the second set of orifices 256. Mixer 121 may include an orifice angle A8 on mixer body 200 between the first edge 278 and the axial edge 276 of at least one orifice in orifice 202. Orifice angle A8 is also on mixer body 200, between the first edge 278 of at least one orifice in orifice 202 and one of the reference axes 300. In some embodiments, orifice angle A8 is between approximately 5 degrees and approximately 30 degrees. In other embodiments, orifice angle A8 is between approximately 10 degrees and approximately 20 degrees (e.g., 15.5 degrees, etc.). In some embodiments, only some (e.g., not all, etc.) of the orifices 202 include orifice angle A8. In other embodiments, all of the orifices 202 include orifice angle A8.

[0101] like Figure 40 As shown, the first connecting groove 270 includes a first groove width W13. In some embodiments, the first groove width W13 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The first connecting groove 270 also includes a first groove length L22. In some embodiments, the first groove length L22 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The first connecting groove 270 also includes a radius of curvature R1. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature R1 is between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 includes a length L23 between the edge of the first connecting groove 270 and the axial edge 276. In some embodiments, the length L23 is between approximately 7 mm and approximately 18 mm (e.g., 13.35 mm, etc.).

[0102] like Figure 41 As shown, the second connecting groove 272 includes a second groove width W14. In some embodiments, the second groove width W14 is between approximately 3 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.). The second connecting groove 272 also includes a second groove length L24. In some embodiments, the second groove length L24 is between approximately 5 mm and approximately 14 mm (e.g., 9 mm, etc.). The first connecting groove 270 also includes a radius of curvature R2. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature R2 is between approximately 0.5 mm and approximately 1.5 mm (e.g., 1 mm, etc.). The mixer 121 includes a length L25 between the edge of the second connecting groove 272 and the axial edge 276. In some embodiments, the length L25 is between approximately 7 mm and approximately 18 mm (e.g., 13.35 mm, etc.).

[0103] like Figure 29 As shown, the injector 120 may include a tip surface 123 (e.g., an end surface, etc.). The mixer 121 also includes a length L26 from the tip surface 123 to the intersection of a second edge 280 and a fourth edge 284 of one of the first set of orifices 254. In some embodiments, the length L25 is between approximately 2 mm and approximately 10 mm (e.g., 6 mm, etc.).

[0104] It should be understood that the mixer 121 can be manufactured by a variety of conventional methods (e.g., creation, construction, etc.), such as the Mannesmann plug mill process, mandrel mill process, extrusion process, forging (e.g., forging seamless tube manufacturing process, etc.), welding (e.g., welded tube manufacturing process, etc.), casting, drawing, forming, machining, cutting, punching, stamping, and 3D printing.

[0105] IV. Configuration of Example Implementation While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features described in the context of individual implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations. Furthermore, while features may be described as functioning in certain combinations and even initially claimed in this manner, one or more features from a claimed combination may, in some cases, be removed from that combination, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations thereof.

[0106] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “generally,” “approximately,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and accepted use by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art who consult this disclosure will understand that these terms are intended to allow for the description of certain features described and claimed, without limiting the scope of those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating non-substantial or irrelevant modifications or variations to the described and claimed subject matter and are considered to be within the scope of the appended claims.

[0107] As used herein, the term "connection" and similar terms mean that two components are directly or indirectly linked together. Such a connection can be fixed (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such a connection can be achieved by the two components, or two components and any additional intermediate components, being integrally formed into a single unit, or by the two components, or two components and any additional intermediate components, being attached to each other.

[0108] As used herein, the terms "fluidly connected" and the like mean that two components or objects have a path formed between them, in which a fluid (such as air, process fluid, air-process fluid mixture, exhaust gas, hydrocarbons, air-hydrocarbon mixture) can flow with or without an intermediate component or object. Examples of fluid connections or configurations used to achieve fluid communication may include pipes, channels, or any other suitable components for enabling fluid flow from one component or object to another.

[0109] It is important to note that the structures and arrangements of the various systems illustrated in the example embodiments are illustrative in nature and not restrictive. All changes and modifications within the spirit and / or scope of the described embodiments are protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and embodiments lacking various features may be considered within the scope of this disclosure, defined by the appended claims. When the language “part” is used, it may include a part and / or the entire item, unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0110] Furthermore, the term "or" is used in the context of a series of elements in its inclusive meaning (rather than its exclusive meaning), such that when used to connect a series of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the series. Unless otherwise expressly stated, conjunctions such as "at least one of X, Y, and Z" are generally understood in the context to mean that items, terms, etc., can be X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Therefore, unless otherwise stated, such conjunctions are generally not intended and imply that some embodiments require at least one X, at least one Y, and at least one Z to each be present.

[0111] Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the range of values ​​used herein (e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) includes the maximum and minimum values ​​of that range (e.g., W1 to W2 includes W1 and includes W2, etc.). Additionally, unless otherwise indicated, the range of values ​​(e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) does not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values ​​within the range (e.g., W1 to W2 may include only W1 and W2, etc.).

Claims

1. An exhaust aftertreatment system, comprising: - A decomposition chamber, centered on a chamber axis; - A panel, the panel being positioned such that the chamber axis extends through the panel. - A dispensing module, the dispensing module being coupled to the outer surface of the panel, the dispensing module including an injector configured to spray a treatment fluid along a spray axis; as well as - A mixer, at least a portion of which is located within the decomposition chamber, the mixer comprising: -- A truncated conical body having an inner surface facing a panel and defining a first end of a first opening and a second end opposite the first end and defining a second opening, wherein the truncated conical body is positioned such that the jet axis of the injector extends through the first opening, and wherein a plurality of orifices extend through the truncated conical body, the truncated conical body being centered on a mixer axis. -- A first plate, which is connected to the second end of the truncated conical body and extends radially outward from the second end of the truncated conical body, is set at a first opening angle relative to the mixer axis; as well as -- A second plate, which is connected to and extends radially outward from the second end of the truncated conical body, is angularly positioned relative to the mixer axis at a second opening angle, wherein the first plate, the second plate, and the second end define a plate channel configured to facilitate exhaust flow through the plate channel.

2. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 1, wherein, The plate channel is defined only by the first plate, the second plate, and the second end.

3. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least a portion of the decomposition chamber is tubular.

4. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The truncated conical body extends around the axis of the chamber.

5. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the orifices has a rectangular shape.

6. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The mixer is configured to facilitate the swirling of the exhaust gas and the mixing of the exhaust gas with the treatment fluid, so as to disperse the treatment fluid within the exhaust gas downstream of the mixer.

7. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The injector is not directly connected to the mixer.

8. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The injector is not located inside the mixer.

9. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a particulate filter; The decomposition chamber is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the particulate filter.

10. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a first catalyst component; The first catalyst component is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber.

11. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a second catalyst component; The second catalyst component is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber.

12. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 11, further comprising a third catalyst component; The third catalyst component is configured to supply the exhaust gas to the particulate filter.

13. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising a first catalyst component; The first catalyst component is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber.

14. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 13, further comprising a second catalyst component; The second catalyst component is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the decomposition chamber.

15. The exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 9, further comprising a catalyst component; The catalyst component is configured to supply the exhaust gas to the particulate filter.

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