Optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of laser measuring instruments, in particular to an optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method, which comprises a transmitting module, a receiving module and a line control assembly; the line control assembly is used for supporting, clamping and conveying the measured wire; the line control assembly comprises a line control ring; a pair of positioning frames are arranged inside the line control ring; a compression roller is rotatably connected inside the positioning frame; a motor one is drivingly connected with the compression roller; a ring-shaped recessed groove is arranged on the surface of the compression roller. By arranging the line control assembly composed of the line control ring, the positioning frame, the compression roller and the motor, automatic clamping, stable conveying and sectional positioning of the wire are realized, manual repeated clamping and adjustment are not needed, and continuous and sectional diameter detection of the whole length of the long wire can be completed by one-time clamping, which significantly improves the detection efficiency and operation convenience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser measuring instrument technology, specifically an optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial manufacturing, precision machining, and materials testing, high-precision measurement of the diameter of micron-sized wires such as filaments, fibers, and electrical wires is crucial for ensuring product quality and production process stability. Traditional contact measurement methods can easily damage the surfaces of soft, hot, or fragile wires and are difficult to implement in real-time online monitoring. Diameter measurement technology based on the principle of optical diffraction utilizes the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern generated when a parallel laser beam irradiates the wire being measured. By analyzing the inverse relationship between the diffraction fringe spacing or dark fringe position and the wire diameter, non-contact, high-precision diameter measurement can be achieved. This technology offers advantages such as high repeatability, strong anti-interference capability, and insensitivity to the orientation of the measured object. It has been widely applied in fiber optic drawing, enameled wire production, metal wire processing, medical guidewire manufacturing, and textile fiber fineness analysis, becoming an important means of online monitoring of the diameter of micro-wires.

[0003] Chinese patent CN207501872U discloses a wire diameter detection device based on optical diffraction. The key technical features include a base and a collimating lens. A transmitter is located at one upper end of the base, and a slider is located on one side of the transmitter. Wire fixing brackets are located above both ends of the slider, and a fixing clamp is located at the upper end of each wire fixing bracket. A receiver is located on the other side of the slider, and a touch screen is located at the upper end of the receiver. A switch button is located on one side of the receiver. This technology uses the wire fixing brackets and fixing clamps to fix the wire specimen. Both the wire fixing brackets and fixing clamps are V-shaped structures, restricting the horizontal radial movement of the wire within the V-groove. During use, the distance between the wire axis and the CCD remains constant. Simultaneously, the fixing clamps apply a downward force to the wire specimen, constraining the movement of the wire due to vibration during movement, reducing measurement errors, and facilitating operation.

[0004] However, the optical diffraction diameter detection device in the above-mentioned prior art can only detect specific areas of the wire after clamping. If continuous and comprehensive diameter detection of all parts of a long wire is required, the fixing clamp must be manually loosened, the wire position adjusted, and then re-clamped multiple times to make each part correspond to the measurement optical path in sequence. This operation method is cumbersome and inefficient, and cannot realize the function of automatically conveying the entire wire segment by segment and continuously detecting the diameter after clamping once. It is difficult to meet the requirements of industrial online detection for high efficiency and automation.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an optical diffraction line diameter detection device according to the present invention, comprising a transmitting module, a receiving module and a wire control component; The emission module is used to generate and emit a parallel laser beam to irradiate the wire under test, so that it produces a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The receiving module is used to receive the diffraction pattern and convert the light intensity signal into an electrical signal to calculate the diameter of the wire under test based on the diffraction fringe spacing or dark fringe position. The wire control components are provided in pairs and located between the transmitting module and the receiving module; the wire control components are used to support, clamp and transport the wire under test; The wire control assembly includes a wire control ring; a pair of positioning frames are provided inside the wire control ring; a pressure roller is rotatably connected inside the positioning frame; a motor is driven to the pressure roller; and an annular groove is provided on the surface of the pressure roller.

[0008] Preferably, a pair of guide bosses are fixedly connected inside the control ring; a limit hole is formed inside the guide boss; a top pressure spring is fixedly connected between the positioning frame and the corresponding guide boss; a limit post is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning frame, and the limit post is slidably connected inside the limit hole.

[0009] Preferably, an electric cylinder is provided inside the positioning frame; a brake block is connected to one end of the electric cylinder near the pressure roller.

[0010] Preferably, a support ring is provided on the outer side of the wire control ring; a support base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support ring; a pair of fixed bases are provided on both sides of the support base, and the support base is slidably connected between the pair of fixed bases; an electric cylinder is provided between the support base and the fixed bases.

[0011] Preferably, the wire control ring is rotatably connected to the inside of the support ring; a gear ring is provided on the outer side of the wire control ring; a gear is rotatably connected to the top of the support ring, and the gear meshes with the gear ring; the gear is connected to a second motor.

[0012] Preferably, a set of arc-shaped elastic blocks are evenly distributed on the surface of the pressing roller; the elastic blocks are designed as hollow structures and are connected to the recessed grooves through air holes; the positioning frame is rotatably connected to a roller near the surface of the pressing roller.

[0013] Preferably, a positioning ring is fixedly connected to the side of the support ring near the measurement area between the transmitting module and the receiving module; a set of mounting grooves are evenly distributed inside the positioning ring; an electromagnet is fixedly connected inside the mounting groove; a magnetic shaping block is slidably connected inside the mounting groove; and a return spring is fixedly connected between the shaping block and the electromagnet.

[0014] Preferably, an elastic suction cup is fixedly connected to one end of the shaping block near the center of the positioning ring.

[0015] A method for detecting the diameter of optical diffraction lines, the method employing the aforementioned optical diffraction line diameter detection device, includes the following steps: S1. Pass the wire to be tested through the wire control ring of a pair of wire control components and place the wire in the recessed groove of the clamping roller. The pair of clamping rollers clamp the wire by means of the top pressure spring. S2. The pressure roller is driven to rotate by a motor, and the wire is conveyed segment by segment to the measurement area between the transmitting module and the receiving module by friction. S3. By controlling the extension of the electric cylinder, the brake block is driven to approach the pressure roller and press against its surface, using friction to limit the rotation of the pressure roller. S4. By controlling the pair of wire control components to move away from each other through the electric cylinder two, the wire located in the measurement area is straightened to ensure that the wire is in a taut state. S5. Start the transmitting and receiving modules, collect the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the wire, and calculate the diameter based on the fringe spacing or dark fringe position. S6. Motor 2 drives the wire control ring to rotate through gears and gear rings, causing the wire to rotate around the axis and measure the diameter at multiple circumferential positions of the same cross section.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method of the present invention, by setting up a wire control component consisting of a wire control ring, a positioning frame, a pressure roller and a motor, realizes automatic clamping, stable conveying and segmented positioning of wire, without the need for repeated manual clamping and adjustment, and can complete continuous segmented diameter detection of the entire length of long wire in one clamping, significantly improving detection efficiency and ease of operation, suitable for industrial online detection scenarios, and meeting the needs of automated production for high-speed, continuous and non-contact diameter monitoring.

[0017] 2. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method of the present invention can drive the support base, support ring and wire control ring to move horizontally along the wire conveying direction by controlling the extension and retraction of the second electric cylinder. The distance between a pair of wire control components can be adjusted. After the brake block locks the pressure roller, the pair of wire control components can be moved away from each other by controlling the second electric cylinder, so as to straighten and tension the wire, avoid the wire from slackening and sagging due to insufficient tension, ensure that the wire is always in a stable and taut state, and further improve the accuracy of the detection results.

[0018] 3. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device and method of the present invention, during the measurement process, a motor drives a gear to rotate, and through the meshing transmission between the gear ring and the gear, the wire control ring rotates inside the support ring. When the wire control ring rotates, it drives the wire to rotate around its axis through the positioning frame and the pressure roller, realizing the diameter detection of multiple circumferential positions of the same cross section of the wire. Multiple sets of detection data can be obtained without manual rotation and adjustment of the wire position, which is convenient for statistically obtaining the maximum deviation value of the diameter of the cross section. Alternatively, the average value of multiple data of the cross section can be taken to calculate the representative diameter, further improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the diameter detection results. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wire-controlled component in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the linear control ring in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning frame in this invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning frame in this invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning ring in this invention; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting module and the receiving module in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: Transmitter module 1, Receiver module 2, Wired control assembly 3, Wire 4, Wired control ring 31, Positioning frame 32, Pressure roller 33, Motor 1 34, Recessed groove 35, Guide boss 36, Limiting hole 37, Top pressure spring 38, Limiting post 39, Electric cylinder 1 40, Braking block 41, Support ring 42, Support seat 43, Fixed seat 44, Electric cylinder 2 45, Gear ring 46, Gear 47, Motor 2 48, Elastic block 49, Air hole 50, Roller 51, Positioning ring 52, Mounting groove 53, Electromagnet 54, Shaping block 55, Reset spring 56, Elastic suction cup 57. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the optical diffraction line diameter detection device of the present invention includes a transmitting module 1, a receiving module 2, and a wire control component 3. The emission module 1 is used to generate and emit a parallel laser beam to irradiate the wire 4 under test, so that it produces a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The receiving module 2 is used to receive the diffraction pattern and convert the light intensity signal into an electrical signal to calculate the diameter of the wire 4 under test based on the diffraction fringe spacing or dark fringe position. The core working principle of the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2 is as follows: Based on Fraunhofer diffraction or the Babinski principle: When a parallel laser beam illuminates a small-diameter object such as a filament, it will form a specific diffraction pattern behind it (such as alternating bright and dark rings or intensity distribution); the diameter can be deduced by analyzing the diffraction pattern: the characteristics of the diffraction pattern (such as the position of the first dark ring, the fringe spacing) are inversely proportional to the diameter of the object being measured. For example, using the formula:

[0024] Where d is the diameter of the filament. Where is the laser wavelength and f is the lens focal length. The spacing between the diffraction fringes; The above principle is mainly used for measuring small-diameter filaments, fibers, cables, or particles. The finer the sample, the more obvious the diffraction effect and the higher the measurement accuracy, which can reach a repeatability of ±0.1-0.2μm. It is convenient for non-contact measurement of hot, soft, or fragile materials (such as optical fibers, enameled wires, and semiconductor silicon wafers). It has strong anti-interference ability and is not sensitive to slight tilting of the filament because the diffraction pattern depends mainly on the diameter rather than the orientation.

[0025] The wire control assembly 3 is provided in pairs and is located between the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2; the wire control assembly 3 is used to support, clamp and transport the wire 4 under test; The wire control assembly 3 includes a wire control ring 31; a pair of positioning frames 32 are provided inside the wire control ring 31; a pressure roller 33 is rotatably connected inside the positioning frame 32; a motor 34 is driven to the pressure roller 33; and an annular groove 35 is provided on the surface of the pressure roller 33.

[0026] Existing optical diffraction diameter detection devices can only detect specific areas of wire 4 after clamping. If continuous and comprehensive diameter detection of all parts of a long wire 4 is required, the clamping head must be manually loosened, the position of wire 4 adjusted, and then re-clamped multiple times to align each part with the measurement optical path. This operation is cumbersome and inefficient, and cannot achieve the function of automatically conveying and continuously detecting the diameter of the entire wire 4 in segments after a single clamping. It is difficult to meet the high efficiency and automation requirements of industrial online detection.

[0027] In operation, the wire 4 to be tested is first passed through a pair of wire control components 3 and placed between the clamping rollers 33 of a pair of positioning frames 32. The surface of the clamping rollers 33 is provided with annular recessed grooves 35, which can stably clamp the circular wire 4 and prevent its radial displacement. The clamping rollers 33 are driven to rotate by a motor 34. The clamping rollers 33 drive the wire 4 to be automatically and segment by segment along the axial direction through friction. The transmitting module 1 generates and emits a parallel laser beam, which irradiates the wire 4 to be tested, producing a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The receiving module 2 receives the diffraction pattern, converts the light intensity signal into an electrical signal, and calculates the diameter of the current detection segment of the wire 4 in real time according to the spacing of the diffraction fringes or the position of the dark fringes. As the wire 4 is continuously transported, the device can realize automatic segment-by-segment detection of the entire length of the wire 4.

[0028] This invention achieves automatic clamping, stable conveying, and segmented positioning of wire 4 by setting up a wire control assembly 3 consisting of a wire control ring 31, a positioning frame 32, a pressure roller 33, and a motor. It eliminates the need for repeated manual clamping and adjustment, and completes continuous, segmented diameter detection of the entire length of the long wire 4 in a single clamping operation. This significantly improves detection efficiency and ease of operation, and is suitable for industrial online detection scenarios, meeting the needs of automated production for high-speed, continuous, and non-contact diameter monitoring.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, a pair of guide bosses 36 are fixedly connected inside the wire control ring 31; a limiting hole 37 is formed inside the guide boss 36; a top pressure spring 38 is fixedly connected between the positioning frame 32 and the corresponding guide boss 36; a limiting post 39 is fixedly connected to the end of the positioning frame 32, and the limiting post 39 is slidably connected inside the limiting hole 37.

[0030] The top pressure spring 38 can continuously push the two positioning frames 32 toward the center line, so that the clamping roller 33 always adheres to and clamps the surface of the wire 4 being tested. This can not only ensure stable friction and reliable conveying of the wire 4, but also adapt to wires 4 of different diameters within a certain range. There is no need to manually adjust the spacing of the positioning frames 32, which improves the adaptability of the device. At the same time, the limiting post 39 slides along the limiting hole 37, which can limit the movement direction of the positioning frame 32, prevent the positioning frame 32 from deflecting and shaking, and ensure the stability of the wire 4 conveying.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, an electric cylinder 40 is provided inside the positioning frame 32; a brake block 41 is connected to one end of the electric cylinder 40 near the pressure roller 33.

[0032] During the conveying of wire 4, the brake block 41 does not contact the clamping roller 33, allowing the clamping roller 33 to rotate normally. When a portion of wire 4 is conveyed to the measurement area between the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2, the electric cylinder 40 is extended to drive the brake block 41 to approach the clamping roller 33 and press against its surface. The friction force restricts the rotation of the clamping roller 33, accurately locking the section of wire 4 within the measurement area. This prevents the wire 4 from shifting or deviating during the measurement process, thus interfering with the detection results and improving the positioning accuracy of the diameter detection.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, a support ring 42 is provided on the outer side of the wire control ring 31; a support base 43 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support ring 42; a pair of fixed bases 44 are provided on both sides of the support base 43, and the support base 43 is slidably connected between the pair of fixed bases 44; an electric cylinder 45 is provided between the support base 43 and the fixed bases 44.

[0034] By controlling the extension and retraction of the second electric cylinder 45, the support base 43, support ring 42 and wire control ring 31 can be moved horizontally along the conveying direction of the wire 4. The distance between the pair of wire control components 3 can be adjusted. After the brake block 41 locks the pressure roller 33, the pair of wire control components 3 can be moved away from each other by controlling the second electric cylinder 45, so that the wire 4 can be straightened and tensioned, avoiding the wire 4 from slackening and sagging due to insufficient tension, ensuring that the wire 4 is always in a stable and taut state, and further improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the wire control ring 31 is rotatably connected to the inside of the support ring 42; a gear ring 46 is provided on the outer side of the wire control ring 31; a gear 47 is rotatably connected to the top of the support ring 42, and the gear 47 meshes with the gear ring 46; the gear 47 is driven by a motor 48.

[0036] During the measurement process, motor 48 drives gear 47 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission between gear ring 46 and gear 47, the wire control ring 31 rotates inside the support ring 42. When the wire control ring 31 rotates, it drives the wire 4 to rotate around its axis through positioning frame 32 and pressure roller 33. This enables diameter detection at multiple circumferential positions of the same cross section of the wire 4. Multiple sets of detection data can be obtained without manual rotation and adjustment of the wire 4 position. This makes it easy to obtain the maximum deviation value of the diameter of the cross section. Alternatively, the average value of multiple data of the cross section can be taken to calculate the representative diameter, further improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the diameter detection results.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, a set of arc-shaped elastic blocks 49 are evenly distributed on the surface of the pressure roller 33; the elastic blocks 49 are designed as hollow structures and are connected to the recessed groove 35 through air holes 50; the positioning frame 32 is rotatably connected to the surface of the pressure roller 33.

[0038] During the conveying of wire 4, the pressure roller 33 drives the elastic block 49 on its surface to rotate cyclically. When the elastic block 49 rotates to a position close to the wire 4, it will be squeezed by the roller 51. As a result, the air inside the elastic block 49 is discharged into the gap between the recessed groove 35 and the wire 4 through the air hole 50. This can remove dust, debris and other impurities attached to the surface of the wire 4, and prevent impurities from being attached to the surface of the wire 4 and affecting the laser's measurement accuracy of the diameter. When the elastic block 49 moves away from the roller 51, it automatically expands and recovers and re-absorbs air.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, a positioning ring 52 is fixedly connected to the side of the support ring 42 near the measuring area between the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2; a set of mounting grooves 53 are evenly distributed inside the positioning ring 52; an electromagnet 54 is fixedly connected inside the mounting groove 53; a magnetic shaping block 55 is slidably connected inside the mounting groove 53, and the electromagnet 54 repels the shaping block 55 when energized; a return spring 56 is fixedly connected between the shaping block 55 and the electromagnet 54.

[0040] By setting a positioning ring 52, the wire 4 passes through the inside of the positioning ring 52, which can further limit the axial accuracy of the wire 4, avoid large swings of the wire 4 during transportation and measurement, and ensure that the wire 4 is always in the center position of the laser measurement area. Since the shape of the wire 4 may change after being squeezed by a pair of pressure rollers 33, causing the original circular cross-section to tend to flatten, by setting the positioning ring 52 after setting the pressure rollers 33, the multiple electromagnets 54 inside the positioning ring 52 are controlled to be intermittently energized and de-energized at a specific period during transportation, and cooperate with the return spring 56 to make the shaping block 55 continuously reciprocate inside the mounting groove 53 and impact and squeeze the surface of the shaping block 55. This can perform high-frequency hammering and shaping on the deformed surface of the wire 4, so that the wire 4 can be restored to a standard circular cross-section as much as possible, and avoid the cross-section deformation caused by compression from affecting the accuracy of laser measurement.

[0041] An elastic suction cup 57 is fixedly connected to one end of the shaping block 55 near the center of the positioning ring 52.

[0042] When the shaping block 55 moves and presses towards the wire 4, the elastic suction cup 57 will first adhere to the surface of the wire 4, squeezing out the air between the wire 4 and the contact point of the shaping block 55. As the shaping block 55 moves away from the wire 4, the elastic suction cup 57 can adsorb and lift the deformed and concave parts of the wire 4. Combined with the pressing and knocking of the shaping block 55, it can better correct the deformed cross section into a circle. At the same time, the elastic suction cup 57 has elastic buffering ability to prevent the shaping block 55 from scratching the surface of the wire 4 through hard contact.

[0043] like Figure 9 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2 can be designed as a single unit, with a channel between them for the wire to pass through.

[0044] like Figure 10 As shown, the present invention provides a method for detecting the diameter of optical diffraction lines. This method utilizes the aforementioned optical diffraction line diameter detection device and includes the following steps: S1. The wire 4 to be tested is passed through the wire control ring 31 of a pair of wire control components 3, and the wire 4 is placed in the recessed groove 35 of the pressure roller 33. The pair of pressure rollers 33 clamp the wire 4 by the top pressure spring 38. S2. The pressure roller 33 is driven to rotate by motor 34, and the wire 4 is conveyed segment by segment to the measurement area between the transmitting module 1 and the receiving module 2 by friction. S3. By controlling the extension of the electric cylinder 40, the brake block 41 is driven to approach the pressure roller 33 and press against its surface, using friction to limit the rotation of the pressure roller 33. S4. By controlling the pair of wire control components 3 to move away from each other through the electric cylinder 45, the wire 4 located in the measurement area is straightened to ensure that the wire 4 is in a taut state. S5. Start the transmitting module 1 and receiving module 2, collect the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the wire 4 and calculate the diameter based on the fringe spacing or dark fringe position; S6, motor 48 drives the wire control ring 31 to rotate through gear 47 and gear ring 46, causing wire 4 to rotate around the axis and measure the diameter of multiple circumferential positions of the same cross section.

[0045] The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" all refer to the figures in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 Based on the perspective of the observer, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An optical diffraction line diameter detection device, characterized in that: It includes a transmitter module (1), a receiver module (2), and a wire control assembly (3); The transmitting module (1) is used to generate and emit a parallel laser beam to irradiate the wire under test (4) so ​​that it produces a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern; The receiving module (2) is used to receive the diffraction pattern and convert the light intensity signal into an electrical signal to calculate the diameter of the wire (4) under test based on the spacing of the diffraction fringes or the position of the dark fringes. A pair of wire control components (3) are disposed between the transmitting module (1) and the receiving module (2); the wire control components (3) are used to support, clamp and transport the wire (4) under test; The wire control assembly (3) includes a wire control ring (31); a pair of positioning frames (32) are provided inside the wire control ring (31); a pressure roller (33) is rotatably connected inside the positioning frame (32); a motor (34) is driven to the pressure roller (33); and an annular groove (35) is provided on the surface of the pressure roller (33). The wire control ring (31) has a pair of guide bosses (36) fixedly connected inside; the guide bosses (36) have limit holes (37) inside; the positioning frame (32) and the corresponding guide bosses (36) are fixedly connected with a top pressure spring (38); the end of the positioning frame (32) is fixedly connected with a limit post (39), and the limit post (39) is slidably connected inside the limit hole (37); An electric cylinder (40) is installed inside the positioning frame (32); a brake block (41) is connected to one end of the electric cylinder (40) near the pressure roller (33). A support ring (42) is provided on the outside of the wire control ring (31); a support base (43) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support ring (42); a pair of fixed bases (44) are provided on both sides of the support base (43), and the support base (43) is slidably connected between the pair of fixed bases (44); an electric cylinder (45) is provided between the support base (43) and the fixed bases (44). The wire control ring (31) is rotatably connected to the inside of the support ring (42); a gear ring (46) is provided on the outside of the wire control ring (31); a gear (47) is rotatably connected to the top of the support ring (42), and the gear (47) meshes with the gear ring (46); the gear (47) is connected to a second motor (48).

2. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the pressing roller (33) is evenly distributed with a set of arc-shaped elastic blocks (49); the elastic blocks (49) are designed as hollow structures and are connected to the recessed groove (35) through air holes (50); the positioning frame (32) is rotatably connected to the surface of the pressing roller (33) with rollers (51).

3. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning ring (52) is fixedly connected to one side of the support ring (42); a set of mounting grooves (53) are evenly distributed inside the positioning ring (52); an electromagnet (54) is fixedly connected inside the mounting groove (53); a magnetic shaping block (55) is slidably connected inside the mounting groove (53); a return spring (56) is fixedly connected between the shaping block (55) and the electromagnet (54).

4. The optical diffraction line diameter detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic suction cup (57) is fixedly connected to one end of the shaping block (55) near the center of the positioning ring (52).

5. A method for detecting the diameter of an optical diffraction line, wherein the method employs the optical diffraction line diameter detection device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pass the wire (4) to be tested through the wire control ring (31) of a pair of wire control components (3) and place the wire (4) in the recess (35) of the pressure roller (33). The pair of pressure rollers (33) clamp the wire (4) by the top pressure spring (38). S2. The pressure roller (33) is driven to rotate by motor 1 (34), and the wire (4) is conveyed segment by segment to the measurement area between the transmitting module (1) and the receiving module (2) by friction. S3. By controlling the extension of the electric cylinder (40), the brake block (41) is driven to approach the pressure roller (33) and press against its surface, and the friction force is used to limit the rotation of the pressure roller (33).

6. The method for detecting the diameter of optical diffraction lines according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: S4. By controlling a pair of wire control components (3) to move away from each other through the electric cylinder two (45), the wire (4) located in the measurement area is straightened to ensure that the wire (4) is in a taut state; S5. Start the transmitting module (1) and receiving module (2), collect the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the wire (4) and calculate the diameter according to the fringe spacing or dark fringe position; S6. Motor 2 (48) drives the wire control ring (31) to rotate through gear (47) and gear ring (46), so that the wire (4) rotates around the axis and measures the diameter of multiple circumferential positions of the same cross section.

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