Impact detection device

Abstract

This application relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and in particular to an impact detection device. According to the impact detection device provided in this application, a mounting frame can be connected to and disconnected from any movable frame. This allows the mounting frame to lift the connected movable frame to the required height. The lifted mounting frame is locked to a fixed frame to complete its positioning. After the mounting frame is disconnected from the movable frame, the movable frame contacts the lock on the fixed frame and descends to impact the battery below. Different movable frames can be lifted to different heights by the mounting frame, thus achieving a single lift to obtain movable frames of different heights to be released. This enables test scenarios of continuous or sequential release of movable frames at multiple positions and with multiple energies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and in particular to an impact detection device. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale application of energy storage power stations and electric vehicles, the safety issues of energy storage power batteries such as lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly prominent. Mechanical impact is one of the key causes of damage to the internal structure of the battery, rupture of the separator, and subsequent internal short circuit, thermal runaway, and even fire and explosion. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct systematic and reliable impact safety testing on batteries during the research and development and production stages.

[0003] Currently, conventional impact testing equipment has relatively limited functionality, typically only capable of conducting impact tests at fixed heights or with fixed energies. It struggles to conveniently simulate continuous or comparative testing scenarios involving multiple locations and energies. Furthermore, traditional equipment lacks proactive and efficient emergency response mechanisms for extreme hazards such as battery thermal runaway during testing, resulting in insufficient safety assurance during the testing process. Existing fire extinguishing measures are mostly externally fixed, with limited response speed and coverage accuracy, making it difficult to accurately suppress fires in their early stages. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides an impact detection device, the purpose of which is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems to a certain extent.

[0005] This application provides an impact detection device, the impact detection device comprising: A fixing frame that extends in a vertical direction; An impact assembly, comprising multiple movable frames, each of which is capable of moving up and down along the fixed frame, the movable frames being used to apply an impact to the battery below; A drive assembly, the drive assembly including a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket being movable relative to the fixed frame; The movable frame can be locked to and unlocked from the fixed frame, and the mounting frame can be connected to and disconnected from any of the movable frames.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the impact component further includes: Two sets of second electric actuators and locking blocks are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the movable frame. In each set of second electric actuators and locking blocks, the locking block is located at the output end of the second electric actuator. The second electric actuator is connected to the movable frame. The second electric actuator is used to drive the locking block to move so that the locking block abuts against the fixed frame to lock the movable frame to the fixed frame.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the driving component further includes: Two sets of first electric actuators are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the mounting frame. Each of the two sets of first electric actuators can extend to connect with the movable frame on the same side, and each of the two sets of first electric actuators can shorten to disengage from the movable frame on the same side.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the movable frame includes a top plate and a bottom plate connected to each other in the vertical direction, wherein the area of ​​the top plate is larger than the area of ​​the bottom plate, so that the movable frame has a stepped structure; The first electric actuator is extendable to abut against the portion of the top plate that extends beyond the bottom plate, thereby connecting the first electric actuator to the movable frame.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the drive assembly further includes a plurality of first sensor fire extinguishers, which are disposed at the bottom of the mounting bracket; The first induction fire extinguisher has an electrically controlled valve, which is configured to open in response to the battery catching fire.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the impact testing device further includes a cover box, the cover box having an opening at the bottom, the number of cover boxes being the same as the movable frame, and the cover boxes being arranged one-to-one with the movable frame; The cover box is positioned above the corresponding movable frame, and the cover box is detachably connected to the fixed frame so that it can be lowered to cover the battery below the movable frame.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, the impact detection device may optionally include a second induction fire extinguisher, which is installed inside the covered box and is used to extinguish the fire of the battery that has fallen and been covered.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the second induction fire extinguisher is configured as a temperature-sensitive active release fire extinguisher.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the cover box is slidably connected to the fixed frame so that it can descend along the fixed frame.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, optionally, the impact assembly further includes a plurality of impact heads, which are arranged below the movable frame.

[0015] According to the impact detection device provided in this application, the mounting frame can be connected to and disconnected from any movable frame. This allows the mounting frame to drive the movable frame connected to it to rise to the required height. The lifted mounting frame is locked to the fixed frame to complete its own positioning. After the mounting frame is disconnected from the movable frame, the movable frame contacts the lock of the fixed frame and can then descend to impact the battery below. Different movable frames can be lifted to different heights by the mounting frame, that is, a single lift can obtain movable frames of different heights to be released, thereby enabling test scenarios of continuous release of movable frames or sequential release of movable frames at multiple positions and with multiple energies.

[0016] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the mounting bracket related structure of the drive assembly of the impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 A three-dimensional view of the impact component of the impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the impact component of the impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0023] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged view at point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of an auxiliary component of an impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0025] Figure 8An exploded view of the auxiliary components of the impact detection device provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0026] Figure label: 1-Working frame; 11-Fixed frame; 2-Storage battery; 3-Drive assembly; 31-Mounting frame; 32-Windlock assembly; 33-First power supply module; 34-First electric actuator; 35-First sensor fire extinguisher; 4-Impact assembly; 41-Movable frame; 42-Impact head; 43-Connecting rod; 44-Second electric actuator; 45-Locking block; 46-Second power supply module; 5-Auxiliary assembly; 51-Constraint frame; 52-Locking rod; 53-Covering box; 54-Constraint block; 55-Matching groove; 56-Second sensor fire extinguisher. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0031] Prior to this application, equipment for impact testing of energy storage batteries often had many problems.

[0032] Specifically, traditional impact testing benches can only perform impacts at a fixed height or with a single energy level. Changing the impact energy or location requires cumbersome manual adjustments to the equipment or replacement of fixtures. Existing equipment relies heavily on external fixed fire suppression systems to address potential battery fires and explosions caused by impacts, resulting in slow response times and inaccurate coverage.

[0033] In addition, in traditional testing, operations such as impact testing, height adjustment, and safety protection are often completed by different equipment or independent manual steps, which is cumbersome and poses coordination risks.

[0034] In view of this, this application is made. The impact detection device provided according to the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the impact detection device provided according to the embodiments of this application includes a working frame 1, a fixed frame 11, a driving component 3, an impact component 4, and an auxiliary component 5.

[0035] In this embodiment, the work frame 1 is a rectangular platform, i.e., a cuboid frustum structure. A fixing frame 11 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the work frame 1. The fixing frame 11 may include four vertically arranged sets of aluminum alloy rods and equidistantly arranged horizontally (i.e., in the horizontal direction) aluminum alloy rods. As an example, each horizontal aluminum alloy rod can extend along the length of the work frame 1, thereby connecting two adjacent sets of aluminum alloy rods in that length direction. As an example, multiple horizontal aluminum alloy rods can be arranged between two adjacent sets of aluminum alloy rods in the length direction, for example... Figure 1 The three roots shown in the image.

[0036] In this embodiment, the vertically arranged aluminum alloy rod has U-shaped grooves on all four sides, and the groove structure extends vertically. For the test object, which is an energy storage battery, two sets of energy storage batteries 2 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the work frame 1. Here, as... Figure 1 As shown, the two sets of energy storage batteries can be spaced apart along the length direction and are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry of the work frame 1 perpendicular to the length direction.

[0037] In this embodiment, a portion of the drive assembly 3 is disposed at the center of the interior of the mounting frame 11 (which will be described in detail later). On the mounting frame 11, two sets of impact assemblies 4 and two sets of auxiliary assemblies 5 are disposed on the two sides corresponding to the length of the mounting frame as a whole, and on both sides of the drive assembly 3 (which are essentially the positions of the two sets of energy storage batteries).

[0038] In this embodiment, the drive component 3 is used to synchronously lift the two sets of impact components 4. The impact components 4 can be locked and fixed at any height on the side of the fixing frame 11 to apply impacts to the energy storage battery 2 at different heights, thereby detecting its response under different impact forces. In addition, the drive component 3 also integrates a fire extinguishing function. When a fire is detected, the auxiliary component 5 can cooperate to perform secondary fire extinguishing to enhance safety. The implementation of this function will be explained in detail below.

[0039] The impact detection device provided according to the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the drive assembly 3 includes a mounting bracket 31, which is fitted into the inner side of the fixed frame 11. A winch assembly 32 is provided on the side of the fixed frame 11 in the width direction. The winch assembly 32 includes a motor, a reducer, a drum, and a cable. The winch cable of the winch assembly 32 is fixedly connected to the center position of the upper side of the mounting bracket 31. A first power supply module 33, which is a rechargeable battery pack, is fixedly installed at the center position of the lower side of the mounting bracket 31.

[0040] In this embodiment, the drive assembly 3 may further include a first electric actuator 34. Specifically, two sets of first electric actuators 34 are fixedly and mirror-symmetrically arranged on the lower side of the first power supply module 33, corresponding to the two sides of the first power supply module 33, and both sets of first electric actuators 34 are electrically connected to the first power supply module 33 via wires. Two sets of first sensor fire extinguishers 35 are also fixedly and mirror-symmetrically arranged on the lower side of the first power supply module 33. The first sensor fire extinguisher 35 is an actively controllable fire extinguisher, that is, the first sensor fire extinguisher is equipped with a valve that can be electrically controlled to open and close, so as to control the timing of the release of the extinguishing material inside it.

[0041] The impact detection device provided according to the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 , Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the impact assembly 4 includes a movable frame 41, an impact head 42, a connecting rod 43, a second electric push rod 44, and a locking block 45.

[0042] In this embodiment, the movable frame 41 is disposed between the sides of the corresponding fixed frame 11, that is, disposed between two adjacent vertical aluminum alloy rods in the width direction of the work frame 1. The two sets of movable frames 41 are disposed on both sides of the mounting frame 31 in the length direction of the work frame 1.

[0043] In the embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 Impact heads 42 are equidistantly snapped onto the lower side of the movable frame 41. These impact heads 42 can be, for example, cylindrical, and multiple heads can be provided. This embodiment uses three as an example, but two, four, five, or more are also possible. In this embodiment, the impact heads 42 can be cylindrical rods with different conical heads.

[0044] In this embodiment, connecting rods 43 are symmetrically fixedly installed on both sides of the movable frame 41 in the width direction, and the ends of the connecting rods 43 are accommodated in the corresponding aluminum alloy rod grooves on the side of the fixed frame 11. A second electric push rod 44 is fixedly installed through the connecting rod 43 at the position corresponding to the fixed frame 11. A locking block 45 is fixedly installed at the output end of the second electric push rod 44 and is slidably installed inside the side groove of the aluminum alloy rod. The locking block 45 is a rectangular block made of wear-resistant material. A second power supply module 46 is fixedly installed inside the connecting rod 43 at the position corresponding to the second electric push rod 44, and the second power supply module 46 and the second electric push rod 44 are electrically connected through a contact connector.

[0045] The impact detection device provided according to the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the auxiliary component 5 includes a cover box 53, which is located on the upper side of the movable frame 41. The cover box 53 is a rectangular box with a hollowed-out lower side. Constraint frames 51 are slidably mounted on both sides of the cover box 53, and the constraint frames 51 are slidably mounted inside the vertically arranged aluminum alloy rod groove. As an example, the constraint frame 51 is an "L"-shaped frame. A locking rod 52 is fixedly mounted on the side of the constraint frame 51, and the output end of the locking rod 52 passes through the constraint frame 51 and is used to fit against the side of the aluminum alloy rod.

[0046] In this embodiment, two sets of constraint blocks 54 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the lower side of the constraint frame 51 in the width direction, and the constraint blocks 54 are attached to the lower side of the cover box 53. The constraint blocks 54 can be elastic sheets. A mating groove 55 is provided on the lower side of the cover box 53 corresponding to the position of the connecting rod 43, and the mating groove 55 is a rectangular groove. Two sets of second sensor fire extinguishers 56 are symmetrically snapped onto the inner top wall of the cover box 53 in the width direction. The second sensor fire extinguishers 56 are heat-sensitive active release fire extinguishers.

[0047] Based on the technical features described above, the working principle of the impact detection device will be described in detail below. The winch assembly 32, in conjunction with a fixed pulley mounted on a plate at the top of a vertical aluminum alloy rod, actively raises and lowers the mounting frame 31. The first power supply module 33 provides separate power to the first electric actuator 34 and the first sensor-activated fire extinguisher 35. The first electric actuator 34 can be controlled by a control mechanism, allowing for selective extension and retraction, limiting and releasing subsequent components. The first sensor-activated fire extinguisher 35, raised and lowered along with the mounting frame 31, can independently and actively release extinguishing dry powder and gas.

[0048] According to the impact detection device provided in this application, the second electric push rod 44 is independently controlled by the second power supply module 46, so that the second electric push rod 44 pushes the locking block 45 to abut against the aluminum alloy rod groove wall, and the movable frame 41 can be locked as a whole by the connecting rod 43.

[0049] In use, the two sets of energy storage batteries 2 are placed on the work frame 1. First, the mounting frame 31 is lowered to its lowest point by the winch assembly 32, so that the first electric push rods 34 on both sides of the mounting frame 31 are facing the movable frame 41 of the impact assembly 4. Then, the push rods of the first electric push rods 34 are extended so that their ends abut against the corresponding structures of the movable frame 41. At the same time, the second electric push rods 44 on the movable frame 41 are activated to pull the locking block 45 to retract, so that it disengages from the sliding groove wall of the fixed frame 11.

[0050] Here, combined Figure 4 It should be noted that the movable frame 41 has a vertical stepped structure, with a larger top plate and a smaller bottom plate, and the impact head 42 is mounted on the bottom plate. The stepped structure is achieved by utilizing the area difference between the top and bottom plates, allowing the first electric actuator 34 to extend laterally into the stepped surface. Therefore, when the mounting frame 31 is lifted, the first electric actuator 34 can lift the movable frame 41 from the bottom of the top plate. Combined with the guidance of the vertical aluminum alloy rod, this allows the movable frame 41 to be lifted stably. Furthermore, a connecting rod 43 is correspondingly mounted on the top plate.

[0051] After that, when the mounting frame 31 is lifted, the first electric push rod 34 can drive the corresponding unlocked movable frame 41 to rise synchronously, and the two sets of movable frames 41 can be lifted synchronously by the movable frame 41 between them.

[0052] In this embodiment, two first electric actuators 34 can be provided for each set of movable frames 41, such as... Figure 3 As shown, two first electric push rods 34 are simultaneously installed on one side to ensure stable lifting of the movable frame 41.

[0053] In this embodiment, when one of the two sets of movable frames 41 reaches the designated position, the output end of the corresponding first electric push rod 34 retracts, and simultaneously the corresponding second electric push rod 44 pushes the locking block 45 to adhere to the wall of the aluminum alloy rod groove, thus locking the movable frame 41 to the side of the fixed frame 11. The other set of movable frames 41 can continue to be driven upward by the mounting frame 31 and the corresponding first electric push rod 34. After reaching the position, the same operation is performed, thus raising the movable frame 41 to the corresponding height. Subsequently, the second electric push rod 44 pushes the locking block 45 to unlock, and the locking block 45 slides within the aluminum alloy rod groove. The movable frame 41 can then drive the impact head 42 to impact the energy storage battery 2 with different forces. In addition, the impact head 42 can be replaced as needed.

[0054] In this embodiment, under default conditions, the locking rod 52 locks and limits the constraint frame 51, and the constraint block 54 assists in limiting the lower side of the cover box 53, so that the cover box 53 is kept at the uppermost position on the side of the fixed frame 11. When the energy storage battery 2 catches fire, the first induction fire extinguisher 35 is used to extinguish the fire. When the fire extinguishing effect is not good, the locking rod 52 releases the constraint frame 51, and the cover box 53 can slide downward under the constraint of the constraint frame 51. First, the constraint frame 51 is limited by the connecting rod 43. The cover box 53 impacts the constraint block 54 and deforms to continue moving downward. The cover box 53 can then cover the movable frame 41 and the energy storage battery 2. The connecting rod 43 slides inside the mating groove 55. The high temperature causes the second induction fire extinguisher 56 to be actively released, further extinguishing the fire of the energy storage battery 2 to ensure safety.

[0055] The impact detection device provided in the embodiments of this application integrates a drive component, an independently adjustable and lockable impact component, and a linked and covered auxiliary fire extinguishing component. The core idea is to organically combine the highly adjustable impact testing function with an active, hierarchical fire extinguishing and protection system. This not only achieves flexibility and accuracy in the testing conditions but also fundamentally improves the safety of the entire testing process. After a single clamping and lifting, it can efficiently simulate different impact positions and energies and quickly suppress and physically isolate thermal runaway fires that may occur during the test, effectively preventing the accident from escalating and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0056] According to the impact testing device provided in the embodiments of this application, the drive component and the impact component cooperate, and the linkage locking mechanism of the winch assembly and the electric push rod allows the impact component to be precisely locked and released at any height position on the slide groove on the side of the fixed frame. This enables the device to conveniently simulate different drop heights or impact energies, and to perform serialized and differentiated impact tests on different parts of the same battery sample or two sets of comparative samples, thereby improving testing efficiency and the comparative value of the data.

[0057] According to the impact detection device provided in the embodiments of this application, a first sensing fire extinguisher carried by the driving component and a second sensing fire extinguisher embedded in the cover box in the auxiliary component are integrated, forming a dual defense line that combines mobile fixed-point fire extinguishing and cover suffocation fire extinguishing. The first sensing fire extinguisher can move with the driving component to the top of the fire source for initial precise suppression. If the fire develops, the auxiliary component automatically releases the cover box, triggering the second heat-sensing fire extinguisher for secondary fire extinguishing while physically isolating the battery, thereby improving the fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0058] According to the impact testing device provided in the embodiments of this application, the impact testing and safety protection process can be executed automatically in sequence. The lowering of the cover box is triggered by the mechanical structure linkage of the constraint frame and the connecting rod, ensuring that a physical isolation zone can be automatically formed in an emergency. At the same time, the independent control of all electric push rods and locking mechanisms makes the equipment state switching reliable, avoids the risk of misoperation, and ensures the safety and controllability of the testing process.

[0059] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of protection of this application. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the innovative concept of this application and the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An impact detection device, characterized in that, The impact detection device includes: A fixing frame that extends in a vertical direction; An impact assembly, comprising multiple movable frames, each of which is capable of moving up and down along the fixed frame, the movable frames being used to apply an impact to the battery below; A drive assembly, the drive assembly including a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket being movable relative to the fixed frame; The movable frame can be locked to and unlocked from the fixed frame, and the mounting frame can be connected to and disconnected from any of the movable frames.

2. The impact detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact assembly also includes: Two sets of second electric actuators and locking blocks are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the movable frame. In each set of second electric actuators and locking blocks, the locking block is located at the output end of the second electric actuator. The second electric actuator is connected to the movable frame. The second electric actuator is used to drive the locking block to move so that the locking block abuts against the fixed frame to lock the movable frame to the fixed frame.

3. The impact detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component also includes: Two sets of first electric actuators are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the mounting frame. Each of the two sets of first electric actuators can extend to connect with the movable frame on the same side, and each of the two sets of first electric actuators can shorten to disengage from the movable frame on the same side.

4. The impact detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable frame includes a top plate and a bottom plate connected to each other in a vertical direction. The area of ​​the top plate is larger than the area of ​​the bottom plate, so that the movable frame has a stepped structure. The first electric actuator is extendable to abut against the portion of the top plate that extends beyond the bottom plate, thereby connecting the first electric actuator to the movable frame.

5. The impact detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The drive assembly also includes a plurality of first sensor fire extinguishers, which are disposed at the bottom of the mounting bracket; The first induction fire extinguisher has an electrically controlled valve, which is configured to open in response to the battery catching fire.

6. The impact detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The impact testing device also includes a cover box, which has an opening at the bottom. The number of cover boxes is the same as the number of movable frames, and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the movable frames. The cover box is positioned above the corresponding movable frame, and the cover box is detachably connected to the fixed frame so that it can be lowered to cover the battery below the movable frame.

7. The impact detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The impact detection device also includes a second induction fire extinguisher, which is located inside the covered box and is used to extinguish the fire when the battery is lowered and covered.

8. The impact detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second sensor-activated fire extinguisher is configured as a temperature-sensitive, actively releasing fire extinguisher.

9. The impact detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cover box is slidably connected to the fixed frame so that it can descend along the fixed frame.

10. The impact detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The impact assembly also includes a plurality of impact heads arranged below the movable frame.

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