A multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its application method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of anechoic water tank technology, specifically to a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its usage method. The structure includes a water tank body, wave-generating equipment, a movable wave-damping structure, and a sound-absorbing system. The sound-absorbing system includes multiple sound-absorbing zones disposed on the side walls opposite and adjacent to the wave-generating equipment, a water surface sound-absorbing layer selectively disposed on the top of the tank, and a sound-absorbing interface disposed on the bottom of the tank. The multiple sound-absorbing zones are arranged sequentially along the height direction and have different sound absorption characteristics. This invention, through a zoned sound-absorbing design, reduces wave-generating losses while ensuring sound absorption. The selectively disposed water surface sound-absorbing layer and movable wave-damping structure allow the water tank to flexibly switch between pure wave test mode and pure acoustic test mode. The wave-generating equipment also has an anti-interference structure to ensure that the sound field is not disturbed in acoustic mode, achieving "one tank for two uses," avoiding redundant site construction, and reducing test costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sound-absorbing water tank technology, and in particular to a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] A sound-absorbing water tank is a specialized experimental facility for testing underwater acoustic signals. Its main feature is the comprehensive application of highly efficient sound-absorbing materials to its inner walls, maximizing the elimination of sound wave reflection and interference within the tank. These tanks typically employ a cuboid or cubic structure, with the tank body often constructed of reinforced concrete or steel. All six surfaces of the tank walls are covered with specially designed sound-absorbing modules, effectively absorbing sound wave energy of different frequencies and providing an ideal free-field environment for underwater acoustic experiments.

[0003] A wave-generating tank, also known as a wave simulation test tank, is a comprehensive experimental facility that uses a wave generator, a pump system, and wind field simulation equipment to reproduce various hydrological environmental conditions such as wind, waves, and currents in the ocean. The tank is typically designed as a square or rectangular structure, equipped with an advanced wave-generating system capable of generating various wave types, including two-dimensional long-crest waves and three-dimensional short-crest waves, to simulate real sea conditions. The tank body is usually constructed of concrete or other high-strength materials, forming a sealed, water-filled cavity structure, providing a reliable experimental platform for shipbuilding engineering, marine structure testing, and coastal engineering technology research.

[0004] While these two types of experimental water tanks differ in function and application, they share common structural design features: both adopt a regular rectangular shape, are constructed of concrete or other engineering materials, and have an internal water-filled cavity structure to provide basic support for various experiments. However, sound-absorbing water tanks and wave-generating water tanks generally cannot be used together due to fundamental contradictions in their structural requirements and functional objectives. On the one hand, sound-absorbing water tanks must ensure the purity of the acoustic environment, typically requiring at least four walls and even the water surface to be covered with conical high-efficiency sound-absorbing materials. Furthermore, the test area enclosed by the sound-absorbing interfaces must be strictly free of any obstacles that could cause sound wave reflection; otherwise, it will interfere with the accuracy of acoustic measurements. On the other hand, wave-generating water tanks rely on specialized wave-generating equipment installed in the water. This equipment often needs to be fixed to the tank wall or bottom and partially submerged in the water to produce the desired wave effect. However, these devices and their supporting structures can be considered reflectors during acoustic testing, disrupting the free-field conditions required for sound absorption and causing the test function to fail.

[0005] Furthermore, when the wave-generating function is activated, to minimize water flow resistance and ensure stable and uniform wave generation, the pool boundary is typically required to be a flat and rigid interface. However, the sound-absorbing materials used in sound-absorbing pools often have porous or uneven surfaces, which significantly increases fluid resistance and interferes with wave patterns. Therefore, the two types of pools conflict with each other in terms of design principles and application conditions.

[0006] Publication No.: CN118310716A A wave-damping and energy-absorbing device for a test water tank includes a surface, side surfaces, a bottom surface, and end faces. The surface is located above the water tank, the bottom surface is located below the water tank, the side surfaces connect the bottom surface and the surface, and the side surfaces are located on two non-adjacent sides of the bottom surface. The end faces are connected to the surface, the bottom surface, and the two side surfaces, respectively, and the end faces have a wedge-shaped structure. However, the wedge-shaped structure connecting the two side surfaces of the water tank in this technical solution increases wave-generating loss, affects the wave-generating test results, and cannot be used for wave-generating tests.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and method to overcome the shortcomings of existing sound-absorbing water tanks and wave-generating water tanks, which have independent functions, contradictory structures, and cannot be used interchangeably. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its usage method, to solve the problem that the sound-absorbing water tank and the wave-generating water tank in the prior art have independent functions, contradictory structures, and cannot be used interchangeably.

[0009] This invention integrates wave-generating equipment with sound-absorbing materials, effectively suppressing the resistance effect of the sound-absorbing structure on the wave-generating process and overcoming the adverse effect of the wave-generating device as an obstacle on acoustic testing. This allows for flexible switching of the pool's function at different times—performing both high-precision acoustic experiments and reliable hydrodynamic wave-generating tests. This design avoids the duplication of building separate pools for each function, significantly saving site resources and substantial financial investment.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0011] One object of the present invention is to disclose a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure, comprising:

[0012] The pool body;

[0013] Wave-generating equipment installed inside the water tank;

[0014] A movable wave-damping structure is provided on the opposite side of the wave-generating device. The movable wave-damping structure has at least two working positions, corresponding to the wave-damping state and the wave-damping state, respectively.

[0015] Sound absorption systems are arranged in various areas of the water tank;

[0016] Wherein: the sound absorption system includes:

[0017] Multiple sound-absorbing areas are provided on the side walls of the pool body that are opposite to and adjacent to the wave-generating device. The multiple sound-absorbing areas are arranged sequentially along the height direction, and the sound absorption characteristics of the sound-absorbing areas at different heights are different.

[0018] Optionally, the pool body is a cuboid structure, with a stepped structure on at least one side along its length, and the wave-generating device is arranged on the stepped structure.

[0019] Optionally, the wave-generating device includes multiple wave-generating units arranged in parallel. The wave-generating units move vertically in the up-down direction or swing left and right. By changing the swinging posture of each wave-generating unit, the multiple wave-generating units generate waves in different directions.

[0020] Optionally, the sound-absorbing area includes a first sound-absorbing wall and a second sound-absorbing wall arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The first sound-absorbing wall is provided with a flat plate sound-absorbing module, and the second sound-absorbing wall is provided with a conical sound-absorbing module. The boundary line between the first sound-absorbing wall and the second sound-absorbing wall is located at a position at least one wave height away from the top of the water surface of the wave generator.

[0021] Optionally, a sound insulation plate is provided at the corner of the stepped structure. The sound insulation plate has at least two working positions: in the first working position, the sound insulation plate is vertical or inclined, forming a closed sound-absorbing space together with the side wall of the pool and the water surface; in the second working position, the sound insulation plate is horizontal or retracted to avoid the working space of the wave-generating equipment.

[0022] Optionally, a conical sound-absorbing module is provided on the side of the sound insulation panel facing the inside of the water tank.

[0023] Optionally, a flat sound-absorbing layer structure is added to the panel of the wave-generating device; and / or, the wave-generating device is provided with a back cavity structure, a sound-absorbing module is installed inside the back cavity, and a gap is left between the sound-absorbing system and the main body of the wave-generating device.

[0024] Optional, also includes;

[0025] A water surface sound-absorbing layer, which may be selectively disposed on the top of the pool body, and the water surface sound-absorbing layer is provided with floating sound-absorbing modules;

[0026] A sound-absorbing interface is provided at the bottom of the water tank, and the sound-absorbing interface is provided with a conical sound-absorbing module.

[0027] Another object of the present invention discloses a method of using a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure, which, based on any of the above-mentioned multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structures, further includes;

[0028] A water surface sound-absorbing layer, which can be selectively disposed on the top of the pool body, specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] Choose between pure wave test mode or pure acoustic test mode based on the test requirements;

[0030] When the pure wave test mode is selected, the water surface sound-absorbing layer is configured to be in a non-working state, the wave-generating equipment is put into the water and started, and the movable wave-damping structure is switched to participate in wave-damping.

[0031] When the pure acoustic test mode is selected, the water surface sound-absorbing layer is configured to work, the wave-generating device is moved out of the water or submerged in the water to a position that does not affect sound reflection, and the movable wave-damping structure is switched to the de-wave-damping state.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its usage method of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0033] 1. This invention employs a composite sound absorption system design that combines zoned wall sound absorption with selective water surface sound absorption. The pool wall is divided into multiple regions with different sound absorption characteristics along the height direction, and a conical sound absorption interface is laid at the bottom. The water surface sound absorption layer can be flexibly configured according to the test mode. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional wave-making pools, which cannot install sound-absorbing materials due to the requirement of flat pool walls, resulting in the loss of acoustic testing functions. It also solves the contradiction that the uneven sound absorption interface of traditional sound-absorbing pools increases flow resistance and affects wave-making accuracy. At the same time, it achieves efficient compatibility between wave-making and sound absorption functions in the same pool.

[0034] 2. This invention utilizes a movable wave-damping structure and a wave-generating device with multiple anti-interference designs. The movable wave-damping structure has two working positions: participating in wave damming and withdrawing from wave damming. The wave-generating device can employ the following anti-interference schemes: adding a sound-absorbing layer to the panel and immersing it in water; setting a back cavity structure with a sound-absorbing module installed inside the back cavity and a gap left between it and the wave-generating device body to form an air layer to enhance low-frequency sound absorption and isolate vibration transmission; moving the entire device out of the water surface via a lifting guide rail; or using a sound-insulating plate at the corner of the step to form a closed sound-absorbing space. In wave test mode, the wave-damping structure is submerged in water to absorb wave energy, the wave-generating device operates normally, and the sound-insulating plate switches to a avoidance position. In acoustic test mode, the wave-damping structure is withdrawn from the water surface, the wave-generating device is moved out or submerged (in the back cavity scheme, it can also be moved out entirely), and the sound-insulating plate switches to a vertical or inclined state to form a closed sound-absorbing space with the side wall of the pool and the water surface. These multiple schemes ensure that the two functions do not interfere with each other when they are working independently, and can meet different needs from routine operation to extremely high-precision acoustic testing.

[0035] 3. This invention allows for the selection of either a pure wave test mode or a pure acoustic test mode based on experimental requirements: In the pure wave test mode, the water surface sound-absorbing layer is configured to be in a non-working state to reduce flow resistance, the wave-generating equipment is placed in the water and started, and the wave-damping structure is switched to participate in wave damming; In the pure acoustic test mode, the water surface sound-absorbing layer is configured to be in a working state to absorb sound reflections from the water surface, the wave-generating equipment is moved out of the water surface or submerged in a position that does not affect sound reflections, and the wave-damping structure is switched to exit the wave damming state. This avoids the duplication of construction and significant waste of funds caused by the functional contradictions and structural incompatibilities between the wave-generating pool and the sound-absorbing pool in traditional solutions, thus achieving dual-purpose use of one pool. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sound-absorbing water tank of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of sound-absorbing water tank of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stepped sound-absorbing water tank of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of sound-absorbing water tank with steps according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of sound-absorbing water tank with steps according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure label:

[0043] 100. Pool body; 110. Stepped structure; 200. Wave-generating equipment; 210. Wave-generating unit; 220. Flat sound-absorbing layer structure; 230. Back cavity structure; 231. Sound-absorbing module; 232. Gap; 240. Lifting guide rail; 300. Movable wave-damping structure; 310. Lifting mechanism; 400. Sound absorption system; 410. Sound-absorbing area; 411. First sound-absorbing wall; 412. Second sound-absorbing wall; 420. Water surface sound-absorbing layer; 430. Sound-absorbing interface; 500. Sound insulation board; 510. Rotating rod. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the technical means and objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0045] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure and its usage method. This structure constructs a multi-level sound absorption system 400 consisting of zoned wall sound absorption, bottom sound absorption, and selective water surface sound absorption. Combined with a movable wave-damping structure 300 and a wave-generating device 200 with anti-interference design, the same water tank can flexibly switch between pure wave test mode and pure acoustic test mode, achieving ideal sound absorption effects and test accuracy in each mode.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure provided by the present invention includes a water tank body 100, a wave-generating device 200 disposed within the water tank body 100, a movable wave-damping structure 300 disposed on the opposite side of the wave-generating device 200, and a sound-absorbing system 400 arranged in various areas of the water tank body 100. The sound-absorbing system 400 further includes multiple sound-absorbing areas 410, a water surface sound-absorbing layer 420, and a bottom sound-absorbing interface 430. The multiple sound-absorbing areas 410 are disposed on the side walls of the water tank body 100 opposite to and adjacent to the wave-generating device 200, and are arranged sequentially along the height direction, with different sound absorption characteristics at different heights; the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 can be selectively disposed at the top water surface of the water tank body 100; the bottom sound-absorbing interface 430 is disposed at the bottom of the water tank body 100.

[0047] Through the above structure, this invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional wave-generating pools, which cannot install sound-absorbing materials due to the requirement of flat pool walls, resulting in the loss of acoustic testing functions. At the same time, it solves the contradiction that the uneven sound-absorbing interface 430 of traditional sound-absorbing pools increases flow resistance and affects wave-generating accuracy, thus achieving the coexistence of wave-generating and sound-absorbing functions in the same pool. The selectively set water surface sound-absorbing layer can absorb water surface sound wave reflections in acoustic test mode, and can be removed in wave test mode to avoid interfering with wave propagation. The movable wave-damping structure 300 can switch between participating in wave-damping and exiting wave-damping states, respectively meeting the wave-damping requirements of wave tests and the low reflection requirements of acoustic tests. Meanwhile, the anti-interference design of the wave-generating device 200 ensures that it does not cause substantial interference to the sound field in acoustic test mode.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, the pool body 100 is a non-equilateral cuboid structure. A wave-generating device 200 is installed on one side of the pool body 100 along its length, and a movable wave-damping structure 300 is installed on the opposite side. The depth, width, and length of the pool body 100 are determined according to the experimental requirements. Preferably, the pool depth is 2.5 meters, the width is 3 meters, and the length is 5 meters. It should be noted that the above dimensions are for illustrative purposes only, and those skilled in the art can select other suitable dimensional parameters according to actual experimental requirements.

[0049] A wave-generating device 200 is positioned along the length of the pool body 100. The wave-generating device 200 includes multiple wave-generating units 210 arranged in parallel, each moving vertically in the up-down direction. By changing the phase difference of the swing of each wave-generating unit 210, the wave-generating device 200 can generate waves in different directions, including but not limited to forward waves, oblique waves, irregular waves, and focused waves. Preferably, there are six wave-generating units 210, each with a width of 0.5 meters, and each wave-generating unit 210 can be driven by an independent servo motor. However, the number of wave-generating units 210 is not limited to this; those skilled in the art can select four, eight, or more wave-generating units 210 depending on the pool width and experimental requirements. Preferably, each wave-generating unit 210 can also share a common drive device, making the overall structure simpler. The direction along the depth of the pool body 100 is the up-down direction, and the direction along the length of the pool body 100 is the left-right direction.

[0050] A movable wave-damping structure 300 is disposed on the opposite side of the wave-generating device 200. The movable wave-damping structure 300 has at least two working positions, corresponding to the wave-damping participation state and the wave-damping withdrawal state, respectively. In some embodiments, the movable wave-damping structure 300 is a liftable plate structure, and its lifting operation can be achieved through a lifting mechanism 310. When the movable wave-damping structure 300 is lowered into the water, it is in the wave-damping participation state, used to absorb the main wave energy generated by the wave-generating device 200 and avoid wave reflection interference with the test area; when the movable wave-damping structure 300 is raised out of the water, it is in the wave-damping withdrawal state, at which time the wave-damping structure does not constitute substantial interference to the sound field distribution in the pool, suitable for purely acoustic tests. Preferably, the lifting mechanism 310 can be one or more of a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, or a lead screw mechanism.

[0051] In other embodiments, the movable wave-damping structure 300 is a foldable flat plate structure. When it needs to participate in wave damming, the flat plate structure unfolds and extends into the water; when it needs to withdraw from wave damming, the flat plate structure folds up, fitting against the pool wall or rising above the water surface. The liftable structure and the foldable structure can be used alone or in combination, and those skilled in the art can choose the appropriate form according to the size of the pool and the installation space.

[0052] The sound absorption system 400 is arranged in various areas of the pool body 100 and is the core component for achieving good sound absorption effect in this invention.

[0053] Multiple sound-absorbing zones 410 are disposed on the side walls of the pool body 100 that are opposite to and adjacent to the wave-generating device 200. "Opposite" refers to the side wall directly opposite the wave-generating device 200, and "adjacent" refers to the two side walls adjacent to the side wall where the wave-generating device 200 is located. All side walls except the side where the wave-generating device 200 is installed are provided with sound-absorbing zones 410 to achieve all-round absorption of waves and sound waves.

[0054] Multiple sound-absorbing zones 410 are arranged sequentially along the height direction, and the sound absorption characteristics of zones at different heights are different. Because the physical forces experienced by zones at different heights in the pool are significantly different: the upper zone mainly bears the impact and friction generated by waves climbing upwards along the wall, while the lower zone mainly bears the sound waves and wave energy reflected from the pool bottom. Using a single type of sound-absorbing structure, if a fully conical, uneven interface is used to achieve a better sound absorption effect, it will increase water flow resistance and cause wave energy loss; if a fully flat, flat interface is used to achieve a better wave-generating effect, it will be difficult to guarantee the sound wave absorption effect. Therefore, this invention adopts a zoned sound absorption design: the upper zone uses flat sound-absorbing modules to reduce wave-generating loss, and the lower zone uses conical sound-absorbing modules to ensure sound absorption performance, thus achieving an optimal balance between the two.

[0055] In some embodiments, the sound-absorbing region 410 includes a first sound-absorbing wall 411 and a second sound-absorbing wall 412 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The first sound-absorbing wall 411 is located in the upper region and is provided with a flat-plate sound-absorbing module. The flat-plate sound-absorbing module is made of a viscoelastic polymer porous sound-absorbing material, such as rubber or polyurethane with a Shore A hardness of not less than 50, and has a smooth surface to reduce wave rise energy loss. The thickness of the flat-plate sound-absorbing module can be designed according to the sound absorption frequency range, for example, from 50 mm to 200 mm.

[0056] The second sound-absorbing wall 412 is located in the lower region and is equipped with a conical sound-absorbing module. The surface of the conical sound-absorbing module has multiple conical protrusions, which scatter incident sound waves and wave energy in multiple directions, while increasing the effective surface area of ​​the sound-absorbing material, thereby achieving multi-directional, high-angle energy absorption. The conical sound-absorbing module can use the same or different sound-absorbing materials as the flat-plate sound-absorbing module; for example, it can also use polyurethane foam or rubber-based materials.

[0057] The boundary between the first sound-absorbing wall 411 and the second sound-absorbing wall 412 is located at a distance of at least one wave height from the water surface at the top of the wave. Because the main energy of the wave is concentrated in the water layer from the surface to one wave height, placing the flat-plate sound-absorbing module within this area can effectively absorb the wave's rising energy and sound waves. Preferably, the designed wave height is 0.3 meters, one wave height is 0.3 meters, and the boundary is located 0.35 meters below the water surface to ensure that the first sound-absorbing wall 411 fully covers the main area affected by the wave. This setting of one wave height is a relative value and can be adjusted according to the maximum designed wave height in practical applications.

[0058] A bottom sound-absorbing interface 430 is disposed at the bottom of the pool body 100. In some embodiments, the bottom sound-absorbing interface 430 also adopts a conical sound-absorbing module, the structure of which is the same as that of the conical sound-absorbing module of the second sound-absorbing wall 412. The bottom sound-absorbing interface 430 is used to absorb the downward propagating sound wave energy and the reflected waves generated by waves at the bottom of the pool. The reason for adopting a conical structure is that the sound wave and wave energy incident on the bottom of the pool can be effectively absorbed by the conical structure. Preferably, the conical sound-absorbing module at the lower part of the side wall, i.e., the second sound-absorbing wall 412 and the conical sound-absorbing interface 430 at the bottom of the pool, can be connected to the embedded parts of the pool wall or the bottom of the pool by hooks, which facilitates installation and replacement.

[0059] The water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 can be selectively disposed at the top water surface of the pool body 100. In pure wave test mode, the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is removed or retracted to avoid interference with wave propagation; in pure acoustic test mode, the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is laid on the water surface to optimize the acoustic absorption performance of the pool. In some embodiments, the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is a floating sound-absorbing module, which uses a foam plastic-type floating sound absorber, floats on the water surface, and is used to absorb residual wave energy at the water surface edge and water surface sound wave reflection. Specific forms of the floating sound-absorbing module include, but are not limited to: foam plastic boards, float-type sound-absorbing panels, porous material floating layers, etc. In some preferred embodiments, the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is a floating sound-absorbing module, specifically composed of sound-absorbing material, supporting hanging plate, floating foam and handle. The module units are detachably connected by U-shaped connectors, and can be quickly laid or removed according to test requirements. It floats on the water surface to absorb residual wave energy at the edge of the water surface and water surface sound wave reflection.

[0060] In acoustic testing mode, the wave-generating device 200, as a prominent mechanical structure, may reflect sound waves through its panel and back cavity, interfering with the accuracy of acoustic measurements. To address this issue, this invention provides two optional anti-interference solutions, which can be used individually or in combination.

[0061] Option 1: A flat sound-absorbing layer structure 220 is added to the panel of the wave-generating device 200. This flat sound-absorbing layer structure 220 can be made of the same or similar porous sound-absorbing material as the first sound-absorbing wall 411. When the wave-generating device 200 is not in use, it can be submerged in any position in the pool, such as at the bottom or side. Because the panel is covered with a sound-absorbing layer, even if the wave-generating device 200 is submerged in water, it will not substantially interfere with sound wave reflection. The advantages of this option are: the wave-generating device 200 does not need to be removed from the water surface, operation is simple, and it is suitable for scenarios with greater water depth or limited space above the pool.

[0062] Option 2: The wave-generating device 200 is equipped with a back cavity structure 230, inside which a sound-absorbing module 231 is installed. A gap 232 is left between the sound-absorbing module 231 and the main body of the wave-generating device 200. In this embodiment, the width of the gap 232 is 5 cm to 20 cm to form an air layer to enhance the sound absorption effect. The sound-absorbing module 231 can be made of porous sound-absorbing material or a resonant sound-absorbing structure. The device also includes a lifting guide rail 240 that cooperates with the wave-generating device 200. When the wave-generating device 200 is not in use, it is moved out of the water surface by the lifting guide rail 240. At this time, the wave-generating device 200 is completely removed from the pool and does not cause any interference to sound wave reflection. At the same time, the space left after the wave-generating device 200 is removed and the interior of the back cavity structure 230 can form a complete sound-absorbing material interface, further optimizing the acoustic performance of the pool. With this configuration, the wave-generating device 200 is completely removed from the pool, resulting in optimal sound absorption, and is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for acoustic measurement accuracy.

[0063] To further reduce the interference of the wave-generating device 200 on the sound absorption test, in another preferred embodiment, the pool body 100 is a non-equilateral cuboid structure, with a stepped structure 110 provided on at least one side along its length. The wave-generating device 200 can be used as a sidewall of the pool body 100, performing vertical work in the up-down direction; alternatively, the wave-generating device 200 can be a left-right swaying wave-generating structure, in which case the wave-generating device 200 is arranged on the stepped structure 110. The stepped structure 110 can be set to be at least one design wave height above the water surface to avoid interference with wave propagation. The fact that the pool body 100 is a non-equilateral cuboid structure means that at least one of its length, width, and depth dimensions differs from the other two dimensions.

[0064] A movable wave-damping structure 300 is installed on the opposite side of the wave-generating device 200. The depth, width, and length of the water tank 100 are determined according to the test requirements. Preferably, the water tank is 2.5 meters deep, 3 meters wide, and 5 meters long.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, the step structure 110 is positioned at a height of at least one wave height above the water surface. This is because the main energy of a wave is concentrated within the water layer from the surface to one wave height during propagation. Placing the step structure 110 outside this range (i.e., at a height of at least one wave height above the water surface) ensures that the step structure 110 does not interfere with the normal propagation of the wave, avoids unnecessary reflection and dissipation of wave energy at the step, and guarantees the accuracy of the wave-generating experiment. Specifically, when the design wave height is H, the vertical distance between the upper surface of the step structure 110 and the still water surface should be no less than H. For example, when the design wave height is 0.3 meters, the height of the step structure 110 above the water surface should be no less than 0.3 meters. Preferably, considering safety margins and manufacturing tolerances, the height of the step structure 110 above the water surface can be set to 1.2 to 1.5 times the design wave height, for example, 0.35 to 0.45 meters.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, to further improve the sound absorption effect, two stepped structures 110 can be provided, located at both ends of the length of the pool body 100. One stepped structure 110 is used to fix the wave-generating device 200, and the other stepped structure 110 is used to install the movable wave-damping structure 300. The wave-generating device 200 is installed on one stepped structure 110, and the movable wave-damping structure 300 is installed on the other stepped structure 110, both of which have a stable mounting foundation, avoiding the structural instability problems that may occur if directly installed on the bottom or wall of the pool. Preferably, the dimensions of the stepped structures 110 at both ends can be the same, or they can be set to different dimensions according to the different needs of the wave-generating device 200 and the movable wave-damping structure 300.

[0067] In acoustic testing mode, the wave-generating device 200, as a prominent mechanical structure, may reflect sound waves through its panel and back cavity, interfering with the accuracy of acoustic measurements. To address this issue, this invention provides several optional anti-interference solutions, which can be used individually or in combination.

[0068] In one alternative embodiment, a flat sound-absorbing layer structure 220 is added to the panel of the wave-generating device 200. This flat sound-absorbing layer structure 220 can be made of the same or similar porous sound-absorbing material as the first sound-absorbing wall 411. When the wave-generating device 200 is not in use, it can be submerged in any position in the pool, such as at the bottom or side. Because the panel is covered with a sound-absorbing layer, even if the wave-generating device 200 is submerged in water, it will not substantially interfere with sound wave reflection. The advantages of this solution are: the wave-generating device 200 does not need to be removed from the water surface, operation is simple, and it is suitable for scenarios with greater water depth or limited space above the pool.

[0069] In another alternative embodiment, a sound-insulating plate 500 is provided at the corner of the stepped structure 110. The sound-insulating plate 500 is connected to a rotating rod 510, with one end of the rotating rod 510 away from the sound-insulating plate 500 connected to the stepped structure 110. Through this connection, the sound-insulating plate 500 can rotate around the axis of the rotating rod 510, achieving switching of working positions. Preferably, the rotating rod 510 is connected to a servo motor, which precisely controls the rotation angle and speed of the sound-insulating plate 500. The sound-insulating plate 500 and the rotating rod 510 are hinged, allowing the sound-insulating plate 500 to adaptively adjust its posture during rotation, ensuring a tight seal with the sidewall and water surface. Preferably, the sound-insulating plate 500 can rotate approximately 90° around the rotating rod 510, being vertical or inclined in the first working position and horizontal in the second working position.

[0070] The sound insulation panel 500 can rotate around its axis or switch between working positions via a lifting mechanism. During purely acoustic testing, the sound insulation panel 500 is switched to a vertical or inclined position, forming a closed sound-absorbing space together with the pool sidewall and water surface. The wave-generating equipment 200 is completely isolated outside the test area, thus eliminating its reflection interference to the sound field. A conical sound-absorbing module is installed on the side of the sound insulation panel 500 facing the inside of the pool, further improving the sound absorption effect.

[0071] When conducting a pure wave test, switch the sound insulation panel 500 to a horizontal or retracted position to avoid the working space of the wave-generating equipment 200. At the same time, remove the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420, start the wave-generating equipment 200, and the movable wave-damping structure 300 enters the water to participate in wave damming.

[0072] This implementation method can be used in combination with the aforementioned anti-interference solutions such as adding a sound-absorbing layer to the panel and raising the back cavity, or it can be used independently. It is especially suitable for scenarios with extremely high requirements for acoustic measurement accuracy.

[0073] When both ends of the pool body 100 are provided with stepped structures 110, sound insulation panels 500 can be installed at the corners of the stepped structures 110 at both ends. In acoustic test mode, the sound insulation panels 500 at both ends can be rotated to a vertical or inclined state at the same time, forming a larger enclosed sound absorption space together with the side wall of the pool body and the water surface, further improving the accuracy and reliability of acoustic testing.

[0074] It should be noted that Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 can be used independently or in combination. For example, in an embodiment that simultaneously possesses two anti-interference designs, the most suitable scheme can be selected according to the experimental requirements, or the other scheme can be used as a backup when one scheme fails.

[0075] The shape of the pool body 100 can also be different from the structure described above. The pool body 100 is a cylindrical structure. When a cylindrical pool is used, the wave-generating device 200 is arranged along the circumference. Specifically, multiple wave-generating units 210 are arranged circumferentially around the inner wall of the cylindrical pool. By controlling the swing phase difference of each wave-generating unit 210, waves in any direction can be generated, which is particularly suitable for simulating multi-directional irregular waves and oblique wave tests. A movable wave-damping structure 300 is set on the opposite side of the wave-generating device 200. In a cylindrical pool, the wave-damping structure can be set as an arc-shaped flat plate structure to match the curvature of the cylindrical pool wall. Other structures, such as the arrangement of the sound-absorbing system 400, the wave-generating units 210 of the wave-generating device 200, and the anti-interference scheme, are basically the same as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0076] In one parallel implementation, the cylindrical water tank has a cylindrical configuration, and the wave-generating device 200 is arranged along the circumference to achieve 360-degree omnidirectional wave generation, which is of great value for simulating multi-directional waves in a real marine environment. At the same time, the sound-absorbing area 410 on the wall of the cylindrical water tank can be continuously arranged along the entire circumference, resulting in a wider sound absorption coverage.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the sound-absorbing region 410 is divided into two regions: a first sound-absorbing wall 411 and a second sound-absorbing wall 412. However, the division of the sound-absorbing region in this invention is not limited to two regions. In some optional embodiments, the sound-absorbing region 410 can be divided into three or more regions, each region employing a different type of sound-absorbing structure. For example, three regions can be provided: the upper region employs a micro-perforated plate sound-absorbing structure, the middle region employs a flat plate porous sound-absorbing structure, and the lower region employs a conical sound-absorbing structure. Alternatively, four regions can be provided, with sound-absorbing structures for different frequency ranges set at different water depths. Those skilled in the art can rationally select the number of sound-absorbing regions 410 and the sound-absorbing characteristics of each region according to the specific dimensions of the test pool and the test requirements.

[0078] This embodiment provides a method for using the aforementioned multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure. This method allows for flexible switching between pure wave testing mode and pure acoustic testing mode, fully utilizing the multifunctional applications of the same water tank.

[0079] Step S1: Mode selection.

[0080] Choose either the pure wave test mode or the pure acoustic test mode based on the test requirements.

[0081] Step S2: Environment configuration.

[0082] Based on the selected test mode, the environmental configuration of the sound-absorbing water tank structure is carried out accordingly.

[0083] When the pure wave test mode is selected, perform the following configuration operations:

[0084] The water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is configured to a non-operating state. A non-operating state means that the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 does not participate in sound absorption. Specifically, this can be achieved by removing the floating sound-absorbing module from the water surface, retrieving it to the edge of the pool, or submerging it underwater. The purpose is to avoid interference from the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 on wave propagation and evolution.

[0085] Submerge the wave generator 200 in the water and confirm that it is in normal working order. If the wave generator 200 adopts the lifting guide rail structure of Option 2, it needs to be lowered into the water via the lifting guide rail 240.

[0086] The movable wave-damping structure 300 is switched to wave-damping mode. Specifically, the liftable flat structure is lowered into the water, or the foldable flat structure is unfolded and submerged. The submersion depth of the wave-damping structure should be sufficient to absorb the energy of the main wave, typically not less than half the design wave height.

[0087] When the pure acoustic test mode is selected, perform the following configuration operations:

[0088] The water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 is configured in a working state. The working state refers to the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 being in a sound-absorbing working state, which can be specifically manifested as: laying floating sound-absorbing modules on the water surface, or deploying a float-type sound-absorbing structure. The purpose is to absorb sound wave reflections from the water surface and improve the acoustic measurement accuracy of the pool.

[0089] The wave generator 200 can be moved out of the water or submerged in water in a position that does not affect sound reflection. The specific operation method depends on the anti-interference scheme adopted by the wave generator 200: if the wave generator 200 adopts the anti-interference structure of Scheme 1, with a sound-absorbing layer added to the panel, it can be submerged in any position at the bottom or side of the pool; if the wave generator 200 adopts the anti-interference structure of Scheme 2, with a back cavity structure 230 and a lifting guide rail 240, it can be moved out of the water as a whole using the lifting guide rail 240.

[0090] The movable wave-damping structure 300 is switched to the de-wave-damping state. Specifically, the liftable flat plate structure rises out of the water, or the foldable flat plate structure folds away. The purpose is to eliminate the reflection interference of the wave-damping structure on the sound field.

[0091] Step S3: Perform the experiment.

[0092] After completing the above environmental configuration, the corresponding tests are initiated. In pure wave test mode, the wave generator 200 is activated to produce a preset wave sequence, and wave data is collected by wave height sensors, pressure sensors, or current meters arranged in the water tank. In pure acoustic test mode, sound sources and hydrophones are arranged in the water tank to perform acoustic measurements, such as measuring sound propagation loss, sound reflection coefficient, or sound scattering characteristics.

[0093] Step S4: End of experiment.

[0094] After the test is completed, turn off the wave-generating equipment 200 or the sound source, switch the movable wave-damping structure 300 to the non-wave-damping state, and move the wave-generating equipment 200 out of the water or submerge it as needed for the next test or equipment maintenance.

[0095] To more clearly illustrate the method of using this invention, a specific operational example is provided below.

[0096] Suppose a certain experimental task requires conducting a pure wave test and a pure acoustic test sequentially. First, the pure wave test is conducted: the operator removes the floating sound-absorbing module from the water surface, lowers the wave-generating device 200 into the water via the lifting guide rail 240, lowers the movable wave-damping structure 300 into the water, and then activates the wave-generating device 200 to generate the target wave. After the wave test is completed, the wave-generating device 200 is turned off. Then, the operation switches to the pure acoustic test: the operator lays the floating sound-absorbing module on the water surface, raises the entire wave-generating device 200 out of the water via the lifting guide rail 240, raises the movable wave-damping structure 300 out of the water, and then places a sound source and hydrophones in the water to conduct acoustic measurements.

[0097] The entire switching process can be completed in a short time without replacing the test water tank or making complex modifications to the tank structure, fully demonstrating the multifunctionality and convenience of the invention.

[0098] Through the above structure and method, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0099] 1. Multifunctional integration improves equipment utilization;

[0100] The sound-absorbing water tank structure of this invention possesses both wave simulation and acoustic absorption functions, making it suitable for both pure wave and pure acoustic testing. Compared to traditional single-function water tanks, the multi-functional water tank of this invention significantly improves equipment utilization efficiency and reduces user testing costs.

[0101] 2. Zoned sound absorption optimization significantly improves sound absorption performance;

[0102] By dividing the pool wall into multiple regions with different sound absorption characteristics along the height direction (upper flat sound absorption module + lower conical sound absorption module), and in conjunction with the conical sound absorption module at the bottom of the pool and the selective sound absorption layer on the water surface, this invention resolves the contradiction of increased flow resistance and affected wave generation accuracy caused by the uneven sound absorption interface 430 in traditional sound-absorbing pools, and achieves the compatibility and coexistence of wave generation and sound absorption functions in the same pool.

[0103] 3. The wave-generating equipment is resistant to interference and has high acoustic measurement accuracy;

[0104] By employing multiple optional anti-interference schemes, this invention effectively solves the problem of sound wave reflection interference caused by the wave-generating device 200 in pure acoustic test mode. Scheme 1 is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for ease of operation, while Scheme 2 is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for acoustic measurement accuracy. Both schemes allow the same water tank to switch freely between the two modes without interference. By setting a stepped structure 110 on at least one side along the length of the tank, the wave-generating device 200 is positioned on one side of the step, providing a stable installation foundation for the wave-generating device 200 and simultaneously providing space for the sound insulation panel 500, further enhancing the device's anti-interference capability.

[0105] 4. The wave-damping structure is movable to adapt to various working conditions;

[0106] The movable wave-damping structure 300 can switch between participating in wave-damping and withdrawing from wave-damping states. In wave test mode, the movable wave-damping structure 300 enters the water to absorb wave energy, preventing reflected waves from interfering with the test area; in acoustic test mode, the movable wave-damping structure 300 exits the water or retracts, avoiding reflection interference with the sound field. This design makes the movable wave-damping structure 300 no longer an obstacle to acoustic testing, but rather an adjustable component that can be flexibly configured as needed.

[0107] 5. Adjustable parameters, highly adaptable;

[0108] The location of the wall partitions can be adjusted according to the designed wave height, the water surface sound-absorbing layer 420 can be selectively set according to the test mode, and the immersion or removal of the wave-generating equipment 200 can be flexibly selected according to the anti-interference scheme. These adjustable parameters enable the present invention to adapt to the needs of wave tests of different magnitudes and acoustic tests of different precisions, and have strong flexibility and adaptability.

[0109] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure, characterized in that, include: Pool body (100); Wave-generating equipment (200) installed inside the pool body (100); A movable wave-damping structure (300) is provided on the opposite side of the wave-generating device (200). The movable wave-damping structure (300) has at least two working positions, corresponding to the wave-damping state and the wave-damping state, respectively. Sound absorption system (400) arranged in each area of ​​the pool body (100); Wherein: the sound absorption system (400) includes: Multiple sound-absorbing areas (410) are provided on the side wall surface of the pool body (100) opposite to and adjacent to the wave-generating device (200). The multiple sound-absorbing areas (410) are arranged sequentially along the height direction, and the sound-absorbing characteristics of the sound-absorbing areas (410) at different heights are different.

2. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pool body (100) is a cuboid structure, and a step structure (110) is provided on at least one side of its length direction. The wave-generating device (200) is arranged on the step structure (110).

3. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave-generating device (200) includes multiple wave-generating units (210) arranged in parallel. The wave-generating units (210) move vertically in the up-down direction or swing left and right. The multiple wave-generating units (210) generate waves in different directions by changing the swing posture of each wave-generating unit (210).

4. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sound-absorbing area (410) includes a first sound-absorbing wall (411) and a second sound-absorbing wall (412) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The first sound-absorbing wall (411) is provided with a flat plate sound-absorbing module, and the second sound-absorbing wall (412) is provided with a conical sound-absorbing module. The boundary line between the first sound-absorbing wall (411) and the second sound-absorbing wall (412) is located at a distance of not less than one wave height from the top water surface interface of the wave generator.

5. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A sound insulation plate (500) is provided at the corner of the stepped structure (110). The sound insulation plate (500) has at least two working positions: in the first working position, the sound insulation plate (500) is vertical or inclined, forming a closed sound-absorbing space together with the side wall of the pool and the water surface; in the second working position, the sound insulation plate (500) is horizontal or retracted to avoid the working space of the wave-making device (200).

6. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A conical sound-absorbing module is provided on the side of the sound insulation panel (500) facing the inside of the water tank.

7. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave-generating device (200) has a flat sound-absorbing layer structure (220) installed on its panel; and / or, the wave-generating device (200) has a back cavity structure (230), a sound-absorbing module (231) is installed inside the back cavity, and a gap (232) is left between the sound-absorbing system (400) and the main body of the wave-generating device (200).

8. The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes; A water surface sound-absorbing layer (420) may be selectively disposed on the top of the pool body (100), and the water surface sound-absorbing layer (420) is provided with a floating sound-absorbing module; Sound-absorbing interface (430) is provided at the bottom of the pool body (100) and is provided with a conical sound-absorbing module.

9. A method of using a multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure, characterized in that, The multifunctional sound-absorbing water tank structure according to any one of claims 1-8 further includes; A water surface sound-absorbing layer (420) may be selectively disposed on the top of the pool body (100), specifically including the following steps: Choose between pure wave test mode or pure acoustic test mode based on the test requirements; When the pure wave test mode is selected, the water surface sound-absorbing layer (420) is configured to be in a non-working state, the wave-generating device (200) is put into the water and started, and the movable wave-damping structure (300) is switched to participate in wave-damping state. When the pure acoustic test mode is selected, the water surface sound-absorbing layer (420) is configured to work, the wave-generating device (200) is moved out of the water surface or submerged in the water to a position that does not affect sound reflection, and the movable wave-damping structure (300) is switched to the wave-damping-out state.

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