Method and system for detecting anesthetic gas output concentration

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of medical equipment detection and monitoring, and discloses a method and system for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas, which sets an upstream detection point and an output detection point in the gas circuit of an anesthetic machine, synchronously collects the original voltage response and the volume flow of the output gas circuit, converts the zero gas and the calibration gas to form the normalized response and the concentration conversion value, matches the delay according to the effective gas circuit volume, the flow boundary and the sampling period, obtains the target delay time, and generates the concentration detection value, the gas circuit transport identifier and the detection point identifier in combination with the upstream equivalent output concentration and the output detection point concentration. Thus, the problem that single-point detection is easily affected by sensor drift, gas circuit delay, flow change and asynchronous sampling is solved, and the stability and interpretability of the detection result are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical equipment testing and monitoring technology, specifically to a method and system for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gases. Background Technology

[0002] In clinical use, anesthesia machines typically require mixing carrier gases such as oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide with volatile anesthetics, and then delivering this mixture to the machine's gas output interface via the output gas path. To ensure depth of anesthesia and medication safety, the concentration of the anesthetic gas output needs to be continuously monitored. Existing anesthetic gas concentration detection technologies usually involve installing infrared absorption, optical, electrochemical, or other concentration sensors at the anesthesia machine's output. These sensors directly detect the output gas, and the detection results are used as the displayed value of the anesthetic gas output concentration or as the basis for alarm decisions.

[0003] While existing technologies can obtain output concentration data, most detection methods rely primarily on the instantaneous response of a single detection point. When the output gas path is long, there is stagnation in the gas mixing chamber, the flow rate changes, or there is backflow interference in the breathing circuit, the concentration changes collected by the output sensor may not accurately reflect the actual gas transport process between the vaporizer outlet and the anesthesia machine's gas output interface. Especially in scenarios involving low-flow anesthesia, semi-closed circuits, and changes in concentration setpoints, there is a significant time delay in the transmission of anesthetic gas from the upstream position to the output position. Single-point detection results are easily affected by gas path transport lag, residual gas in the tubing, localized mixing inhomogeneity, and detection point response drift. Furthermore, existing multi-detection point schemes typically only perform simple comparisons of concentration readings from multiple sensors, lacking a process to determine gas transport delay by combining gas path volume, real-time flow rate, and sampling period. They also lack mechanisms for time alignment, amplitude matching, and residual filtering between upstream and output detection point signals. Therefore, when there is a delay between the upstream concentration change and the output concentration change, directly comparing the readings of the two detection points at the same time is prone to misjudgment. It may lead to mistaking normal transport delay for concentration abnormality, or it may fail to identify the inconsistency between detection points in time when the sensor drifts or the gas path is abnormal.

[0004] Therefore, this case aims to propose a method and system for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas. An upstream detection point is established between the outlet of the anesthetic machine vaporizer and the gas output interface of the anesthetic machine, and an output detection point is established on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthetic machine. The concentration at the output detection point is determined to match the change in the upstream concentration by the gas transport relationship between the two detection points. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and system for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gases, which helps to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a method for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas, comprising: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The original voltage response and output gas flow rate of the two detection points are collected simultaneously. The discrete sampling sequence number, the current sampling time, the current sampling sequence number and the valid flow mark are recorded. The baseline voltage response and calibration voltage response of two detection points were obtained using zero gas and calibration gas. The original voltage response of the two detection points were converted into normalized response and concentration conversion values ​​and a sequence was formed. Based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between two detection points, a candidate delayed sample count set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample count, a window in reverse order count set, and the current delayed alignment calculation window are generated. Traverse the candidate delay sample set, extract the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, combine them with the effective flow label to form a window effective candidate set, and calculate the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching amount; The alignment residual and gas path volume are calculated to calculate the number of delayed samples, obtain the target number of delayed samples and the target delay time, and retain the delay normalized response sequence, amplitude matching amount, upstream delay energy value and alignment residual of the target number of delayed samples; Read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number, generate the upstream equivalent output concentration and calculate the concentration difference; The output detection point delay consistency share is calculated based on the energy baseline and alignment residual corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, and the weighted output concentration of the anesthetic gas is then generated. Calculate the lower limit of the target delay, the upper limit of the target delay, and the total concentration difference threshold to form a gas transport identifier, and output the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and the detection point identifier.

[0007] Optionally, the upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the anesthesia machine vaporizer and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine, and the output detection point is set upstream of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The original voltage response and output gas flow rate of the two detection points are collected simultaneously, and the discrete sampling sequence number, current sampling time, current sampling sequence number and flow rate valid mark are recorded. Specifically, this includes: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The upstream detection point is located on the upstream side of the airflow of the output detection point. The upstream detection point and the output detection point are connected to the same positive output gas path. The original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, and the volumetric flow rate of the output gas path are collected synchronously according to the same sampling period. The data collected under the same discrete sampling sequence number are recorded as the same sampling time. The sampling period, discrete sampling sequence number, initial sampling time, and sampling time corresponding to each discrete sampling sequence number are recorded. The sampling time corresponding to the current sampling is taken as the current sampling time, the discrete sampling sequence number corresponding to the current sampling time is taken as the current sampling sequence number, and the discrete sampling sequence number preceding the current sampling sequence number is taken as the previous sampling sequence number. The flow rate valid marker includes valid marker and invalid marker. When the output gas flow rate is less than the minimum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid marker is set to invalid marker, forming a low flow rate invalid detection mark. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than the maximum positive flow rate, the valid flow rate marker is set to an invalid marker, forming a high flow rate invalid detection identifier. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum forward flow rate and less than or equal to the maximum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid flag is set as valid.

[0008] Optionally, the step of obtaining the baseline voltage response and calibration voltage response of two detection points using zero gas and calibration gas, converting the original voltage response of the two detection points into normalized response and concentration conversion values, and forming a sequence specifically includes: The baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using zero gas that does not contain the target anesthetic component. The calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the calibration voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using calibration gas with a calibration gas anesthetic volume fraction. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is less than or equal to 0, or the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 1, an invalid calibration gas concentration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point is less than or equal to 0, an invalid calibration of the upstream detection point is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the output detection point calibration voltage response and the output detection point baseline voltage response is less than or equal to 0, an invalid output detection point calibration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 0 and not greater than 1, the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, and the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the original voltage response of the upstream detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point. The value obtained at the upstream detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the upstream detection point. Similarly, the original voltage response of the output detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the output detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point. The value obtained at the output detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the output detection point. The calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction is multiplied by the normalized response of the upstream detection point and the normalized response of the output detection point, respectively, to obtain the upstream detection point concentration conversion value and the output detection point concentration conversion value, thus forming the upstream detection point normalized response value sequence, the output detection point normalized response value sequence, the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, and the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence.

[0009] Optionally, the step of generating a candidate delayed sample count set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample count, a window inverted count set, and a current delayed alignment calculation window based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between the two detection points specifically includes: Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the maximum positive volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, the maximum positive volumetric flow rate is first multiplied by the sampling period. Then, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point is divided by the product, and a sampling number is subtracted. Finally, the upper bound value between the obtained value and the sampling number is taken to form the minimum candidate delayed sampling number. Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate is first multiplied by the sampling period. Then, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point is divided by the product, and a sampling number is added to form the maximum candidate delayed sampling number. A set of candidate delay sample numbers is formed from integers that are not less than the minimum candidate delay sample number and not greater than the maximum candidate delay sample number; Multiply the maximum candidate delayed sample number by 2 and add a sample number to form the delayed alignment calculation window sample number. Then, take the integers starting from 0 and less than the delayed alignment calculation window sample number as the reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window to form the delayed alignment calculation window. Take the delayed alignment calculation window corresponding to the current sample number as the current delayed alignment calculation window. Take the earliest discrete sample number in the current delayed alignment calculation window as the earliest discrete sample number within the current delayed alignment calculation window. If the current sampling number is less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum candidate delayed sampling number minus one sampling number, a historical data insufficiency flag is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the number of samples in the maximum candidate delay, minus one sample number, and the traffic is effectively marked as an effective mark, a delay alignment calculation data group is formed; If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum candidate delay sampling number minus one sampling number, and the flow rate valid marker is invalid, then a delay alignment calculation data group will not be formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value will be generated.

[0010] Optionally, the step of traversing the candidate delay sample set, extracting the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, combining them with the effective flow marker to form a window of valid candidates, and calculating the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching value, specifically includes: In the candidate delay sample set, each candidate delay sample is taken as the current candidate delay sample in the candidate delay sample set. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window is read. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window extends from the earliest discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window to the current sampling number. Based on the upstream detection point normalized response sequence, read the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the candidate delay sample number set. The upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number is extended from the earliest discrete sampling sequence number in the current delay alignment calculation window to the discrete sampling sequence number formed by shifting the current candidate delay sample number along the sampling time advance direction to the current sampling sequence number formed by shifting the current candidate delay sample number along the sampling time advance direction. Check the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the flow validity flags of the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number. If the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number are both valid flags, add the current candidate delay sample number to the window valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. The normalized response quantities in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set are squared and summed to form the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set is read one by one. The candidate delay sample number with the corresponding upstream delay energy value greater than 0 is added to the valid delay candidate set. When the valid delay candidate set is empty, a no-valid upstream delay response flag is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Each normalized response quantity in the normalized response quantity sequence of the output detection point within the current delay alignment calculation window is multiplied by the normalized response quantity in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set, and then summed. This summation is then divided by the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set to form the amplitude matching quantity corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set.

[0011] Optionally, the calculation of the alignment residual and the gas path volume to calculate the number of delayed samples, obtaining the target number of delayed samples and the target delay time, and retaining the delay normalized response sequence, amplitude matching quantity, upstream delay energy value, and alignment residual of the target number of delayed samples, specifically includes: In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The amplitude matching amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set is multiplied by each normalized response amount in the upstream detection point delay normalized response amount sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Then, the normalized response amounts in the output detection point normalized response amount sequence within the current delay alignment calculation window that are at the same sequence position are subtracted from the obtained product. The obtained differences are squared and summed to form the alignment residual amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The alignment residuals corresponding to each candidate delayed sample number in the effective delay candidate set are compared to form the minimum alignment residual, and the candidate delayed sample numbers in the effective delay candidate set whose alignment residuals are equal to the minimum alignment residuals are added to the minimum residual candidate set. Multiply the output gas path volume flow rate corresponding to the current sampling sequence number by the sampling period, and divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the resulting product to form the gas path volume calculation delay sampling number; For each candidate delayed sample number in the minimum residual candidate set, calculate the delay distance between the candidate delayed sample number and the delayed sample number calculated by the gas path volume, form the minimum delay distance, and add the candidate delayed sample number whose delay distance is equal to the minimum delay distance to the minimum distance candidate set; Select the smallest integer from the candidate set with the smallest distance as the target delay sampling number, and multiply the target delay sampling number by the sampling period to form the target delay time. Retain the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number, and the alignment residual amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number.

[0012] Optionally, the step of reading the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling sequence number, generating the upstream equivalent output concentration, and calculating the concentration difference specifically includes: Using the target delayed sampling number, read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the current sampling time of the output detection point in the gas path transport from the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence; The converted concentration value of the upstream detection point is used as the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment; Read the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number from the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence; The concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is formed by subtracting the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment from the output detection point concentration conversion value.

[0013] Optionally, the step of calculating the output detection point delay consistency share based on the energy reference quantity and alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, and weighting it to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration, specifically includes: Using the target delay sampling number, read the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Square each normalized response in the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and sum them to form the output side energy value. The upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number is obtained by squaring each normalized response value in the upstream detection point delay normalized response value sequence, summing them, and multiplying the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number by the amplitude matching value corresponding to the target delay sampling number, and then adding it to the output energy value to form the energy reference value corresponding to the target delay sampling number. When the energy baseline corresponding to the target delayed sampling number is equal to 0, an indicator of no effective concentration change is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is greater than 0, the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is divided by the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number to form the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Then, the negative number of the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is taken, and the negative number of the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is exponentially calculated to form the output detection point delay consistency share. Multiply the output detection point concentration conversion value by the output detection point delay consistency share, multiply the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment by 1 by the difference between the output detection point delay consistency share and the product of the two products to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration.

[0014] Optionally, the calculation of the lower limit of the target delay, the upper limit of the target delay, and the total concentration difference threshold to form a gas transport identifier, and outputting the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and the detection point identifier, specifically includes: Multiply the maximum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, take the upper limit between the product and a number of samples, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the lower limit of the target delay. Multiply the minimum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the target delay upper limit. When the target delay time is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target delay and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport consistency indicator is generated; when the target delay time is less than the lower limit of the target delay, a gas transport advance anomaly indicator is generated; when the target delay time is greater than the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport lag anomaly indicator is generated. Obtain the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number. Divide the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number by the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number to form the flow rate change ratio. Then multiply the flow rate change ratio by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the flow rate change concentration difference threshold. Obtain the voltage resolution of the upstream detection point and the voltage resolution of the output detection point. Divide the voltage resolution of the upstream detection point by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point to form the voltage resolution normalization of the upstream detection point. Divide the voltage resolution of the output detection point by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point to form the voltage resolution normalization of the output detection point. Add the voltage resolution normalization of the upstream detection point and the voltage resolution normalization of the output detection point and multiply by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold. Obtain the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor, add the flow rate change concentration difference threshold and the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold, and amplify them according to the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor to form the total concentration difference threshold; When the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is not greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point consistency identifier is formed; when the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point inconsistency identifier is formed.

[0015] A system for implementing the anesthetic gas output concentration detection method, comprising: Data acquisition unit: It communicates with the upstream detection point, the output detection point, and the output gas path volume flow rate detection component, acquires the original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, and the output gas path volume flow rate, records the current sampling time, the current sampling sequence number, and the previous sampling sequence number, and generates a valid flow rate marker based on the output gas path volume flow rate; Response conversion unit: Receives the original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, the baseline voltage response of the two detection points, the calibrated voltage response of the two detection points, and the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction, and generates the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the concentration conversion value sequence of the upstream detection point, and the concentration conversion value sequence of the output detection point. Delay matching unit: Receives the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the output gas path volumetric flow rate, the effective flow rate marker, the effective gas path volume and sampling period between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, forms a candidate delay sample set and the current delay alignment calculation window, calculates the upstream delay energy value, amplitude matching amount and alignment residual amount corresponding to the candidate delay sample number, and outputs the target delay sample number and the target delay time; Concentration output unit: Receives the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the target delay sampling number, the target delay time, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the upstream delay energy value, and the alignment residual amount; generates the delayed-aligned upstream equivalent output concentration, the output detection point concentration conversion value, the concentration difference, the output detection point delay consistency share, and the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration; and outputs the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, the gas path transport identifier, and the detection point identifier based on the target delay time, the concentration difference, and the total concentration difference threshold.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A synchronous acquisition structure is adopted at upstream and output detection points, and the original voltage response, output gas flow rate, discrete sampling sequence number, current sampling time, and flow rate validity marker are recorded uniformly. This scheme enables the upstream concentration change and the output concentration change to be compared under the same time reference through synchronous sampling at dual detection points; by recording the sampling sequence number and sampling time, a clear time index is provided for subsequent delay alignment; and by forming a flow rate validity marker, interference from low or abnormal flow rates on concentration calculation is eliminated in advance.

[0017] 2. Baseline and calibration voltage responses at two detection points are obtained using zero gas and calibration gas, respectively. The original voltage responses at both detection points are then converted into normalized responses and concentration conversion values, forming a continuous sequence. This scheme establishes a conversion benchmark for each detection point through baseline and calibration responses, ensuring that the responses of upstream and output detection points are on a comparable normalized scale, further yielding a concentration conversion value sequence. This scheme unifies the responses of different detection points to the same concentration level, improving the fairness and stability of dual-detection-point comparisons. Compared to existing single-sensor calibration or only outputting concentration conversion, this scheme simultaneously serves delay matching and final concentration output. The normalized response is used to determine waveform alignment, and the concentration conversion value is used to generate the final detection value, achieving dual utilization of calibration data.

[0018] 3. Based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between two detection points, a candidate delay sample set, a delay alignment calculation window sample set, a set of reverse counts within the window, and the current delay alignment calculation window are generated. This scheme forms a candidate delay range through the effective gas path volume and flow boundary, ensuring that subsequent matching is only performed within a reasonable physical transport range, avoiding mismatches caused by blind searching. The delay alignment calculation window limits continuous sampling data to a comparatively meaningful time period, taking into account both historical response information and the current sampling status. The gas path structure parameters and sampling time parameters are transformed into an operable candidate delay space, providing a physical boundary and data window basis for delay estimation. Compared with existing simple delay compensation, this scheme is more suitable for complex gas paths and dynamic flow scenarios, helping to improve the accuracy of subsequent target delay sample numbers.

[0019] 4. Traverse the candidate delay sample set, perform windowed matching between the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, and combine this with the flow validity marker to form a valid candidate set for the window. Then, calculate the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching value. This scheme uses candidate delays to extract upstream delay sequences one by one, ensuring that different delay hypotheses are compared within the same window; invalid flow periods are eliminated by the flow validity marker, avoiding the misinterpretation of low flow stagnation, high flow disturbance, or invalid flow data as concentration changes; the upstream delay energy value measures whether the upstream signal has sufficient change, and the amplitude matching value evaluates the amplitude correspondence between the output response and the upstream response. This solves the three problems of time alignment, flow validity, and amplitude difference, enabling subsequent residual judgment to be based on valid and comparable candidate data, which is superior to existing methods of simple time difference estimation or simple correlation judgment.

[0020] 5. Calculate the alignment residual within the effective delay candidate set, and combine it with the gas path volume to calculate the delay sampling number to obtain the target delay sampling number and target delay time. Simultaneously, retain the delay-normalized response sequence, amplitude matching value, upstream delay energy value, and alignment residual corresponding to the target delay sampling number. This scheme combines residual optimization with gas path volume-based delay calculation, ensuring that the target delay conforms to the actual alignment effect of the detected signal without deviating from physical transport laws. The best-matching candidate delay is found through residual comparison, and the gas path volume-based delay calculation assists in constraining the selection result, improving the reliability of the target delay time. Compared with existing fixed delay compensation, simple flow compensation, or simple waveform matching, this scheme has stronger resistance to mismatches and greater adaptability to actual gas paths.

[0021] 6. Utilizing the target delayed sampling number, the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the current sampling time of the output detection point in the gas transport path is read from the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence. This generates the delayed-aligned upstream equivalent output concentration, which is then compared with the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number to form a concentration difference. This scheme converts the upstream concentration conversion value into the equivalent output concentration corresponding to the current output detection point time, transforming the concentration comparison between the two detection points from a comparison at the same sampling time to a comparison of the same gas transport event. This forms a physically meaningful concentration difference that reflects the actual detection deviation or gas path anomaly, rather than simply reflecting the transport time difference. Compared to existing methods that directly compare the instantaneous readings of two detection points, this scheme reduces false alarms caused by gas propagation delays and provides a reliable basis for subsequent consistency judgment of detection points.

[0022] 7. Calculate the output detection point delay consistency share based on the energy baseline and alignment residual corresponding to the target delayed sampling number. Then, weight the converted output detection point concentration value with the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment to generate the calculated anesthetic gas output concentration value. This scheme reflects the degree of consistency between the output detection point response and the upstream delayed response through the delay consistency share. When the consistency degree is high, the output concentration weight is more meaningful; when the consistency degree is insufficient, the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment can participate in the correction. Instead of using a single detection point as an absolute basis, it dynamically fuses the concentration information of two detection points based on the alignment quality, thus ensuring the reliability of the detection value. Compared with existing single-point output, simple averaging, or fixed-weight fusion methods, this scheme can adjust the fusion result according to the actual response consistency, improving the noise resistance and anomaly tolerance of the concentration output.

[0023] This method calculates the lower and upper limits of the target delay tolerance and the total concentration difference threshold. A gas delivery identifier is generated based on the target delay time, and the output concentration of the anesthetic gas and the detection point identifier are output based on the concentration difference. By comparing the target delay time with the allowable range, this method can identify whether the gas delivery conforms to the time characteristics corresponding to the effective gas path volume and flow rate boundaries. Simultaneously, it incorporates flow rate changes and voltage resolution factors into the total concentration difference threshold, so that the consistency judgment of the detection point no longer relies on a fixed difference threshold. The concentration output and status diagnosis are completed simultaneously, providing both the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and indications of the gas delivery status and the consistency status of the detection point. Compared with existing methods that only output concentration or only set fixed alarm thresholds, this method improves the interpretability, clinical usability, and self-diagnostic capabilities of the detection results. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of forming the candidate delayed sample set and the delayed alignment calculation window in this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the calculation process for amplitude matching quantity under candidate delayed sampling number in this invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of forming the target delay sample number and target delay time in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example, refer to Figure 1 A method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas, comprising: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The original voltage response and output gas flow rate of the two detection points are collected simultaneously. The discrete sampling sequence number, the current sampling time, the current sampling sequence number and the valid flow mark are recorded. The baseline voltage response and calibration voltage response of two detection points were obtained using zero gas and calibration gas. The original voltage response of the two detection points were converted into normalized response and concentration conversion values ​​and a sequence was formed. Based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between two detection points, a candidate delayed sample count set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample count, a window in reverse order count set, and the current delayed alignment calculation window are generated. Traverse the candidate delay sample set, extract the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, combine them with the effective flow label to form a window effective candidate set, and calculate the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching amount; The alignment residual and gas path volume are calculated to calculate the number of delayed samples, obtain the target number of delayed samples and the target delay time, and retain the delay normalized response sequence, amplitude matching amount, upstream delay energy value and alignment residual of the target number of delayed samples; Read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number, generate the upstream equivalent output concentration and calculate the concentration difference; The output detection point delay consistency share is calculated based on the energy baseline and alignment residual corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, and the weighted output concentration of the anesthetic gas is then generated. Calculate the lower limit of the target delay, the upper limit of the target delay, and the total concentration difference threshold to form a gas transport identifier, and output the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and the detection point identifier.

[0030] First, synchronous sampling is performed at both the upstream and output detection points. Then, comparable normalized response quantities and concentration conversion values ​​are generated through calibration and conversion. Subsequently, candidate delay ranges are formed based on gas path volume, flow boundary, and sampling period. The target delay sampling number and target delay time are obtained through window matching. Finally, the concentration difference, calculated concentration value, and status indicator are generated using the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment and the output detection point concentration conversion value. Through steps such as synchronous acquisition at dual detection points, normalization and conversion, delay matching, residual evaluation, and concentration-weighted output, the problem of unstable concentration results caused by sensor drift, gas path transport delay, flow rate changes, and sampling asynchrony at a single output detection point in existing technologies is solved. Compared to methods that rely solely on single-point concentration detection near the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine, this solution uses the concentration change at the upstream detection point as a reference and combines it with the gas transport process in the pipeline for delayed alignment, enabling the current concentration at the output detection point to be compared with the corresponding gas state upstream. At the same time, through gas path transport markers and detection point markers, the detection result is not only a concentration value, but also reflects whether the gas path transport is abnormal and whether the two detection points are consistent, thereby improving the interpretability and engineering applicability of the detection results.

[0031] The process involves setting up an upstream detection point between the outlet of the anesthesia machine's vaporizer and the gas output interface, and setting an output detection point upstream of the gas output interface. The raw voltage response and output gas flow rate at both detection points are simultaneously collected, and the discrete sampling sequence number, current sampling time, current sampling sequence number, and valid flow rate marker are recorded. Specifically, this includes: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The upstream detection point is located on the upstream side of the airflow of the output detection point. The upstream detection point and the output detection point are connected to the same positive output gas path. The original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, and the volumetric flow rate of the output gas path are collected synchronously according to the same sampling period. The data collected under the same discrete sampling sequence number are recorded as the same sampling time. The sampling period, discrete sampling sequence number, initial sampling time, and sampling time corresponding to each discrete sampling sequence number are recorded. The sampling time corresponding to the current sampling is taken as the current sampling time, the discrete sampling sequence number corresponding to the current sampling time is taken as the current sampling sequence number, and the discrete sampling sequence number preceding the current sampling sequence number is taken as the previous sampling sequence number. The flow rate valid marker includes valid marker and invalid marker. When the output gas flow rate is less than the minimum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid marker is set to invalid marker, forming a low flow rate invalid detection mark. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than the maximum positive flow rate, the valid flow rate marker is set to an invalid marker, forming a high flow rate invalid detection identifier. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum forward flow rate and less than or equal to the maximum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid flag is set as valid.

[0032] An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine, and an output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The upstream detection point is located on the upstream side of the airflow of the output detection point, and the two detection points are connected to the same positive output gas path. With the same sampling period Acquired simultaneously , and and make the same sampling sequence number Corresponding to the same sampling time: ;in, The sampling period; For discrete sampling sequence numbers; This is the initial sampling time; For the first Each sampling time; For the upstream detection point at the sampling sequence number Corresponding time The original voltage response; To output the detection point at the sampling sequence number Corresponding time The original voltage response; Sampling sequence number Corresponding time The output gas path volumetric flow rate; when At that time, the valid traffic flag is set as follows: It generates a low-flow invalid detection flag, does not generate anesthetic gas output concentration detection values, and retains... and The sampling sequence number; where, The minimum forward volumetric flow rate required to allow the detection to be performed; Sampling sequence number The valid flow marker has a value of 0 or 1. A value of 0 indicates the sampling sequence number. The traffic data is invalid; a value of 1 indicates the sampling sequence number. The traffic data is valid; when At that time, set the traffic validity marker as It generates a high-flow invalid detection flag, does not generate anesthetic gas output concentration detection values, and retains... and The sampling sequence number; where, The maximum forward volumetric flow rate allowed to perform the test; when At that time, the valid traffic flag is set as follows: .

[0033] The process involves obtaining baseline and calibration voltage responses at two detection points using zero gas and calibration gas, converting the original voltage responses at the two detection points into normalized responses and concentration conversion values, and forming a sequence. Specifically, this includes: The baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using zero gas that does not contain the target anesthetic component. The calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the calibration voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using calibration gas with a calibration gas anesthetic volume fraction. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is less than or equal to 0, or the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 1, an invalid calibration gas concentration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point is less than or equal to 0, an invalid calibration of the upstream detection point is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the output detection point calibration voltage response and the output detection point baseline voltage response is less than or equal to 0, an invalid output detection point calibration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 0 and not greater than 1, the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, and the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the original voltage response of the upstream detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point. The value obtained at the upstream detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the upstream detection point. Similarly, the original voltage response of the output detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the output detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point. The value obtained at the output detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the output detection point. The calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction is multiplied by the normalized response of the upstream detection point and the normalized response of the output detection point, respectively, to obtain the upstream detection point concentration conversion value and the output detection point concentration conversion value, thus forming the upstream detection point normalized response value sequence, the output detection point normalized response value sequence, the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, and the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence.

[0034] Use zero gas to obtain and Using volume fraction The calibration gases were obtained respectively and ;in, This represents the baseline voltage response at the upstream detection point under zero-gas conditions. To output the baseline voltage response of the detection point under zero gas conditions; This refers to the voltage response at the upstream detection point under calibration gas conditions. This is the voltage response of the output detection point under calibrated gas conditions; To calibrate the volume fraction of the gaseous anesthetic; The zero gas is a reference gas that does not contain any components of the target anesthetic agent; when At this time, an invalid label for the calibrated gas concentration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; when At this time, an invalid label for the calibrated gas concentration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; when At this time, an invalid label is generated for the upstream detection point, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; when At this time, an invalid mark is generated for the output detection point calibration, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; when , and At that time, the normalized response of the upstream detection point and the normalized response of the output detection point are calculated as follows: , ;in, For the upstream detection point at the sampling sequence number The normalized response quantity; To output the detection point at the sampling sequence number The normalized response quantity; For boundary functions, the input quantity Limited to the range of 0 to 1; These are the input variables of the boundary function; Calculate the concentration conversion values ​​for the two detection points separately, as follows: , ;in, For the upstream detection point at the sampling sequence number Concentration conversion value; To output the detection point at the sampling sequence number Concentration conversion value.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 The process of generating a candidate delayed sample set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample set, a window inverted count set, and the current delayed alignment calculation window based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between two detection points specifically includes: Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the maximum positive volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, the maximum positive volumetric flow rate is first multiplied by the sampling period. Then, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point is divided by the product, and a sampling number is subtracted. Finally, the upper bound value between the obtained value and the sampling number is taken to form the minimum candidate delayed sampling number. Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate is first multiplied by the sampling period. Then, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point is divided by the product, and a sampling number is added to form the maximum candidate delayed sampling number. A set of candidate delay sample numbers is formed from integers that are not less than the minimum candidate delay sample number and not greater than the maximum candidate delay sample number; Multiply the maximum candidate delayed sample number by 2 and add a sample number to form the delayed alignment calculation window sample number. Then, take the integers starting from 0 and less than the delayed alignment calculation window sample number as the reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window to form the delayed alignment calculation window. Take the delayed alignment calculation window corresponding to the current sample number as the current delayed alignment calculation window. Take the earliest discrete sample number in the current delayed alignment calculation window as the earliest discrete sample number within the current delayed alignment calculation window. If the current sampling number is less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum candidate delayed sampling number minus one sampling number, a historical data insufficiency flag is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the number of samples in the maximum candidate delay, minus one sample number, and the traffic is effectively marked as an effective mark, a delay alignment calculation data group is formed; If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum candidate delay sampling number minus one sampling number, and the flow rate valid marker is invalid, then a delay alignment calculation data group will not be formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value will be generated.

[0036] Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point Maximum positive volumetric flow rate and sampling period The minimum candidate delayed sample number is calculated as follows: ;in, The effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point; The minimum number of candidate delayed samples; Based on effective gas path volume Minimum positive volumetric flow rate and sampling period The maximum number of candidate delayed samples is calculated as follows: ;in, The maximum number of candidate delayed samples; Construct a candidate set of delayed sample numbers, specifically as follows: ;in, This represents the number of candidate delayed samples; The set of all candidate delayed sample numbers; It is a set of integers; Construct the set of sample counts for the delayed alignment calculation window and the set of reverse counts within the delayed alignment window, specifically as follows: , ;in, Calculate the number of window samples for delayed alignment; For deferred alignment, count in reverse order within the window; Count all reverse orders within the delayed alignment window A set; When the sampling sequence number satisfies At that time, a historical data insufficiency indicator is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; When the sampling sequence number satisfies and At that time, a delayed alignment calculation data group is formed; When the sampling sequence number satisfies and At that time, no delayed alignment calculation data set is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 The process of traversing the candidate delay sample set, extracting the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, combining them with the effective flow marker to form a window of valid candidate sets, and calculating the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching value, specifically includes: In the candidate delay sample set, each candidate delay sample is taken as the current candidate delay sample in the candidate delay sample set. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window is read. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window extends from the earliest discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window to the current sampling number. Based on the upstream detection point normalized response sequence, read the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the candidate delay sample number set. The upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number is extended from the earliest discrete sampling sequence number in the current delay alignment calculation window to the discrete sampling sequence number formed by shifting the current candidate delay sample number along the sampling time advance direction to the current sampling sequence number formed by shifting the current candidate delay sample number along the sampling time advance direction. Check the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the flow validity flags of the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number. If the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number are both valid flags, add the current candidate delay sample number to the window valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. The normalized response quantities in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set are squared and summed to form the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set is read one by one. The candidate delay sample number with the corresponding upstream delay energy value greater than 0 is added to the valid delay candidate set. When the valid delay candidate set is empty, a no-valid upstream delay response flag is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Each normalized response quantity in the normalized response quantity sequence of the output detection point within the current delay alignment calculation window is multiplied by the normalized response quantity in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set, and then summed. This summation is then divided by the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set to form the amplitude matching quantity corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set.

[0038] For each candidate delay sample number The normalized response of the output detection points within the window is: ;in, To output the detection point at the sampling sequence number The normalized response quantity; To output the earliest sampling sequence number of the detection point in the window The normalized response quantity; To output the normalized response sequence of the detection points within the current window; Number of delayed samples for the same candidate The upstream delay normalized response value within the window is taken as: ;in, For the upstream detection point at the sampling sequence number The normalized response quantity; The earliest sampling sequence number of the upstream detection point within the delayed window. The normalized response quantity; For upstream detection points in candidate delay The normalized response sequence corresponding to the output detection point window; The valid candidate set for constructing windows is: ;in, For a moment The corresponding set of valid candidate windows; To output the sampling sequence number within the detection point window Valid traffic labeling; Sampling sequence number within the upstream delay window Valid traffic labeling; The multiplication symbol represents a product of sets. Each reverse count The corresponding terms are multiplied and accumulated; This indicates that the valid flow flag for all associated sampling numbers within the output detection point window and the upstream delay window is 1; For each For candidate delays, calculate the upstream delay energy value: ;in, For candidate delay In sampling sequence number The upstream delay energy value below; And the effective delay candidate set is formed as follows: ;in, For a moment The effective set of delayed candidates; when When the set is empty, no effective upstream delay response identifier is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. when At that time, calculate the candidate delay. The corresponding amplitude matching value is: ;in, For candidate delay In sampling sequence number The amplitude matching amount below.

[0039] Reference Figure 4 The calculation of the alignment residual and the gas path volume to calculate the number of delayed samples yields the target number of delayed samples and the target delay time. It also retains the delay-normalized response sequence, amplitude matching value, upstream delay energy value, and alignment residual of the target number of delayed samples. Specifically, this includes: In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The amplitude matching amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set is multiplied by each normalized response amount in the upstream detection point delay normalized response amount sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Then, the normalized response amounts in the output detection point normalized response amount sequence within the current delay alignment calculation window that are at the same sequence position are subtracted from the obtained product. The obtained differences are squared and summed to form the alignment residual amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The alignment residuals corresponding to each candidate delayed sample number in the effective delay candidate set are compared to form the minimum alignment residual, and the candidate delayed sample numbers in the effective delay candidate set whose alignment residuals are equal to the minimum alignment residuals are added to the minimum residual candidate set. Multiply the output gas path volume flow rate corresponding to the current sampling sequence number by the sampling period, and divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the resulting product to form the gas path volume calculation delay sampling number; For each candidate delayed sample number in the minimum residual candidate set, calculate the delay distance between the candidate delayed sample number and the delayed sample number calculated by the gas path volume, form the minimum delay distance, and add the candidate delayed sample number whose delay distance is equal to the minimum delay distance to the minimum distance candidate set; Select the smallest integer from the candidate set with the smallest distance as the target delay sampling number, and multiply the target delay sampling number by the sampling period to form the target delay time. Retain the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number, and the alignment residual amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number.

[0040] For each The candidate delay is calculated as follows: ;in, For candidate delay In sampling sequence number Alignment residuals below; Calculate the minimum alignment residual and form a candidate set of minimum residuals, specifically as follows: , ;in, Sampling sequence number The minimum alignment residual; Sampling sequence number The candidate delay set that yields the minimum alignment residual; The calculation delay sampling number for the gas path volume is: ;in, Sampling sequence number The number of delayed samples is calculated from the gas path volume and the current flow rate; Calculate the minimum delay distance and form the candidate set of minimum distances, specifically as follows: , ;in, Sampling sequence number The minimum delay distance; Sampling sequence number Below and The set of candidate delays with the smallest distance; Take the smallest integer from the candidate set with the smallest distance as the target delay sampling number, and calculate the target delay time as follows: , ;in, Sampling sequence number The target delay sample number; Sampling sequence number The target delay time.

[0041] The process of reading the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling sequence number, generating the upstream equivalent output concentration, and calculating the concentration difference specifically includes: Using the target delayed sampling number, read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the current sampling time of the output detection point in the gas path transport from the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence; The converted concentration value of the upstream detection point is used as the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment; Read the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number from the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence; The concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is formed by subtracting the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment from the output detection point concentration conversion value.

[0042] Use target delay sample number Read and output the upstream concentration conversion value corresponding to the detection point in the gas transport path. ;in, For the upstream detection point at the sampling sequence number Concentration conversion value; Read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number, generate the upstream equivalent output concentration, and calculate the concentration difference: ;in, Sampling sequence number The upstream equivalent output concentration after lower delay alignment; Retain the output detection point concentration conversion value ; The difference between the converted concentration value at the output detection point and the equivalent output concentration upstream is calculated as follows: ;in, Sampling sequence number The difference between the concentration at the downstream output detection point and the equivalent output concentration upstream.

[0043] The step of calculating the output detection point delay consistency share based on the energy reference quantity and alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, and weighting it to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration, specifically includes: Using the target delay sampling number, read the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Square each normalized response in the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and sum them to form the output side energy value. The upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number is obtained by squaring each normalized response value in the upstream detection point delay normalized response value sequence, summing them, and multiplying the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number by the amplitude matching value corresponding to the target delay sampling number, and then adding it to the output energy value to form the energy reference value corresponding to the target delay sampling number. When the energy baseline corresponding to the target delayed sampling number is equal to 0, an indicator of no effective concentration change is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is greater than 0, the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is divided by the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number to form the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Then, the negative number of the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is taken, and the negative number of the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is exponentially calculated to form the output detection point delay consistency share. Multiply the output detection point concentration conversion value by the output detection point delay consistency share, multiply the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment by 1 by the difference between the output detection point delay consistency share and the product of the two products to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration.

[0044] Use target delay sample number The energy baseline quantity is calculated as follows: ;in, Delay for the target and sampling sequence number The energy reference quantity below; Delay for the target and sampling sequence number The amplitude matching amount below; when At that time, no effective concentration change indicator is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; when At that time, the output detection point delay consistency share is calculated as follows: ;in, Sampling sequence number The output detection point delay consistency share; It is an exponential function; The calculated output concentration of the generated anesthetic gas is as follows: ;in, Sampling sequence number Calculated value of anesthetic gas output concentration.

[0045] The calculation of the lower limit of the target delay, the upper limit of the target delay, and the total concentration difference threshold forms a gas transport identifier, and outputs the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and the detection point identifier, specifically including: Multiply the maximum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, take the upper limit between the product and a number of samples, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the lower limit of the target delay. Multiply the minimum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the target delay upper limit. When the target delay time is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target delay and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport consistency indicator is generated; when the target delay time is less than the lower limit of the target delay, a gas transport advance anomaly indicator is generated; when the target delay time is greater than the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport lag anomaly indicator is generated. Obtain the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number. Divide the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number by the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number to form the flow rate change ratio. Then multiply the flow rate change ratio by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the flow rate change concentration difference threshold. Obtain the voltage resolution of the upstream detection point and the voltage resolution of the output detection point. Divide the voltage resolution of the upstream detection point by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point to form the voltage resolution normalization of the upstream detection point. Divide the voltage resolution of the output detection point by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point to form the voltage resolution normalization of the output detection point. Add the voltage resolution normalization of the upstream detection point and the voltage resolution normalization of the output detection point and multiply by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold. Obtain the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor, add the flow rate change concentration difference threshold and the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold, and amplify them according to the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor to form the total concentration difference threshold; When the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is not greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point consistency identifier is formed; when the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point inconsistency identifier is formed.

[0046] The target latency tolerance range is calculated as follows: , ;in, The lower limit of the allowable delay for the target; The upper limit allowed for the target; when At that time, a consistent identifier for gas transport is formed; when At that time, an early abnormality indicator is formed in the gas transport system; when At that time, an abnormal indicator of gas transport lag is formed; The following thresholds are constructed: concentration difference threshold for flow rate variation, concentration difference threshold for voltage resolution, and total concentration difference threshold: , , ;in, Sampling sequence number The concentration difference threshold under the given flow rate change; Sampling sequence number Corresponding time The output gas path volumetric flow rate; Sampling sequence number The voltage-resolved concentration difference threshold is below; This refers to the voltage resolution at the upstream detection point. To output the voltage resolution at the detection point; Sampling sequence number The total concentration difference threshold below; when When, output This serves as the detection value for the output concentration of anesthetic gas, and forms a consistent identifier for each detection point; when When, output As the output concentration detection value of anesthetic gas, a detection point inconsistency mark is formed, which indicates that the upstream equivalent output concentration and the output detection point concentration do not meet the delay consistency condition.

[0047] This embodiment also provides a system for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas, including: Data acquisition unit: It communicates with the upstream detection point, the output detection point, and the output gas path volume flow rate detection component, acquires the original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, and the output gas path volume flow rate, records the current sampling time, the current sampling sequence number, and the previous sampling sequence number, and generates a valid flow rate marker based on the output gas path volume flow rate; Response conversion unit: Receives the original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, the baseline voltage response of the two detection points, the calibrated voltage response of the two detection points, and the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction, and generates the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the concentration conversion value sequence of the upstream detection point, and the concentration conversion value sequence of the output detection point. Delay matching unit: Receives the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the output gas path volumetric flow rate, the effective flow rate marker, the effective gas path volume and sampling period between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, forms a candidate delay sample set and the current delay alignment calculation window, calculates the upstream delay energy value, amplitude matching amount and alignment residual amount corresponding to the candidate delay sample number, and outputs the target delay sample number and the target delay time; Concentration output unit: Receives the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the target delay sampling number, the target delay time, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the upstream delay energy value, and the alignment residual amount; generates the delayed-aligned upstream equivalent output concentration, the output detection point concentration conversion value, the concentration difference, the output detection point delay consistency share, and the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration; and outputs the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, the gas path transport identifier, and the detection point identifier based on the target delay time, the concentration difference, and the total concentration difference threshold.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas, characterized in that, include: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point and the volume flow rate of the output gas path are collected synchronously according to the same sampling cycle. The discrete sampling sequence number, the current sampling time, the current sampling sequence number, the previous sampling sequence number and the valid flow mark are recorded. Using zero gas and calibration gas, the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point, and the calibration voltage response of the output detection point are obtained. The original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point are converted into the normalized response of the upstream detection point, the normalized response of the output detection point, the concentration conversion value of the upstream detection point, and the concentration conversion value of the output detection point, respectively, and corresponding sequences are formed. Based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, a candidate delayed sample number set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample number, a reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window, and the current delayed alignment calculation window are generated. The reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window consists of integers starting from zero and less than the delayed alignment calculation window sample number, and is used to determine each discrete sample number within the current delayed alignment calculation window from the current sample number along the sampling time advance direction. Traverse the candidate delay sample set, read the normalized response sequence of the output detection point within the current delay alignment calculation window, shift the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point along the sampling time advance direction to the current candidate delay sample, forming the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample, check the flow validity flags of each discrete sampling number corresponding to the output detection point normalized response sequence and the flow validity flags of each discrete sampling number corresponding to the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence, and only add the current candidate delay sample to the window valid candidate set when all flow validity flags corresponding to both sequences are valid; square and sum the normalized response quantities of each upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample in the window valid candidate set to form the upstream delay energy value, and add the candidate delay sample with an upstream delay energy value greater than zero to the valid delay candidate set; multiply each normalized response quantity in the output detection point normalized response sequence by the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity in the same sequence position, sum the results, and divide by the upstream delay energy value to form the amplitude matching quantity corresponding to each candidate delay sample in the valid delay candidate set; Multiply the amplitude matching amount by the corresponding upstream detection point delay normalized response amount, then subtract the product from the output detection point normalized response amount in the same sequence position, and sum the squared differences to form the alignment residual amount; multiply the output gas path volume flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product and round up to form the gas path volume calculation delay sampling number; select the candidate delay sampling number with the smallest alignment residual amount from the effective delay candidate set; when there are multiple candidate delay sampling numbers with the smallest alignment residual amount, select the candidate delay sampling number with the smallest distance from the gas path volume calculation delay sampling number; when there are still multiple candidate delay sampling numbers with the smallest distance, select the smallest integer value as the target delay sampling number; multiply the target delay sampling number by the sampling period to form the target delay time, and retain the upstream detection point delay normalized response amount sequence, amplitude matching amount, upstream delay energy value and alignment residual amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number; Read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the discrete sampling number formed by offsetting the current sampling number by the target delay sampling number along the sampling time advance direction from the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence. Use the read upstream detection point concentration conversion value as the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment. Read the output detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the current sampling number from the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment to form the concentration difference. The output energy value is formed by summing the squares of each normalized response quantity in the normalized response quantity sequence of the output detection points within the current delay alignment calculation window. The amplitude matching quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is multiplied by each normalized response quantity in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the target delay sampling number. These products are then squared and summed, and added to the output energy value to form the energy baseline. When the energy baseline is zero, no effective concentration change is detected, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the energy baseline is greater than zero, the alignment residual corresponding to the target delay sampling number is divided by the energy baseline. The negative of the resulting ratio is taken, and an exponential operation is performed on the negative with the natural constant as the base, forming the output detection point delay consistency share. The product of the output detection point concentration conversion value and the output detection point delay consistency share, plus the product of the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment and the difference between the numerical value and the output detection point delay consistency share, is added to generate the calculated anesthetic gas output concentration value. Multiply the maximum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, round up, take the larger value between the rounded integer and the numerical value 1, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the lower limit of the target delay; multiply the minimum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, round up, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the upper limit of the target delay. When the target delay time is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target delay and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target delay, a gas path transport consistency indicator is generated; when the target delay time is less than the lower limit of the target delay, a gas path transport advance anomaly indicator is generated; when the target delay time is greater than the upper limit of the target delay, a gas path transport lag anomaly indicator is generated. A flow rate change concentration difference threshold is generated based on the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling sequence number, the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling sequence number, and the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction. The threshold is also generated based on the upstream detection point voltage resolution used during the acquisition of the upstream detection point's original voltage response, the output detection point voltage resolution used during the acquisition of the output detection point's original voltage response, and the upstream detection... The baseline voltage response of the measuring point, the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point, the calibration voltage response of the output detection point, and the calibration gas anesthetic volume fraction are used to form a voltage-resolved concentration difference threshold. The flow rate change concentration difference threshold is added to the voltage-resolved concentration difference threshold, and then amplified according to the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor used as the input detection parameter to form a total concentration difference threshold. When the concentration difference is not greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the detected output concentration of the anesthetic gas, and a detection point consistency identifier is formed. When the concentration difference is greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the detected output concentration of the anesthetic gas, and a detection point inconsistency identifier is formed.

2. The method for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves setting up an upstream detection point between the outlet of the anesthesia machine's vaporizer and the gas output interface, and setting an output detection point upstream of the gas output interface. The raw voltage response and output gas flow rate at both detection points are simultaneously collected, and the discrete sampling sequence number, current sampling time, current sampling sequence number, and valid flow rate marker are recorded. Specifically, this includes: An upstream detection point is set between the outlet of the vaporizer of the anesthesia machine and the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. An output detection point is set on the upstream side of the gas output interface of the anesthesia machine. The upstream detection point is located on the upstream side of the airflow of the output detection point. The upstream detection point and the output detection point are connected to the same positive output gas path. The original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, and the volumetric flow rate of the output gas path are collected synchronously according to the same sampling period. The data collected under the same discrete sampling sequence number are recorded as the same sampling time. The sampling period, discrete sampling sequence number, initial sampling time, and sampling time corresponding to each discrete sampling sequence number are recorded. The sampling time corresponding to the current sampling is taken as the current sampling time, the discrete sampling sequence number corresponding to the current sampling time is taken as the current sampling sequence number, and the discrete sampling sequence number preceding the current sampling sequence number is taken as the previous sampling sequence number. The flow rate valid marker includes valid marker and invalid marker. When the output gas flow rate is less than the minimum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid marker is set to invalid marker, forming a low flow rate invalid detection mark. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than the maximum positive flow rate, the valid flow rate marker is set to an invalid marker, forming a high flow rate invalid detection identifier. No anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated, and the discrete sampling sequence number of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the original voltage response of the output detection point is retained. When the output gas flow rate is greater than or equal to the minimum forward flow rate and less than or equal to the maximum forward flow rate, the flow rate valid flag is set as valid.

3. The method for detecting the output concentration of anesthetic gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves obtaining baseline and calibration voltage responses at two detection points using zero gas and calibration gas, converting the original voltage responses at the two detection points into normalized responses and concentration conversion values, and forming a sequence. Specifically, this includes: The baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using zero gas that does not contain the target anesthetic component. The calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the calibration voltage response of the output detection point were obtained using calibration gas with a calibration gas anesthetic volume fraction. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is less than or equal to 0, or the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 1, an invalid calibration gas concentration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point is less than or equal to 0, an invalid calibration of the upstream detection point is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the difference between the output detection point calibration voltage response and the output detection point baseline voltage response is less than or equal to 0, an invalid output detection point calibration is generated, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the volume fraction of the calibrated gas anesthetic is greater than 0 and not greater than 1, the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, and the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point is higher than the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the original voltage response of the upstream detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point. The value obtained at the upstream detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the upstream detection point. Similarly, the original voltage response of the output detection point is subtracted from the baseline voltage response of the output detection point and then divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point. The value obtained at the output detection point is then limited to between 0 and 1 to form the normalized response of the output detection point. The calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction is multiplied by the normalized response of the upstream detection point and the normalized response of the output detection point, respectively, to obtain the upstream detection point concentration conversion value and the output detection point concentration conversion value, thus forming the upstream detection point normalized response value sequence, the output detection point normalized response value sequence, the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, and the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence.

4. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of generating a candidate delayed sample set, a delayed alignment calculation window sample set, a reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window, and the current delayed alignment calculation window based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period from the upstream detection point to the output detection point specifically includes: Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the maximum positive volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, first multiply the maximum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, round up, subtract the value one, and take the larger value between the obtained value and the value one to form the minimum candidate delayed sampling number. Based on the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate is first multiplied by the sampling period. The effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point is then divided by the product and rounded up. Finally, the value is increased by one to form the maximum candidate delayed sampling number. A set of candidate delay sample numbers is formed from integers that are not less than the minimum candidate delay sample number and not greater than the maximum candidate delay sample number; The maximum candidate delayed sample number is multiplied by 2 and then incremented by one to form the delayed alignment calculation window sample number. Integers starting from 0 and less than the delayed alignment calculation window sample number are used as the reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window. The reverse count set within the delayed alignment calculation window is used to determine the discrete sample number within the delayed alignment calculation window one by one from the current sample number along the sampling time advance direction to form the delayed alignment calculation window. The delayed alignment calculation window corresponding to the current sample number is used as the current delayed alignment calculation window, and the earliest discrete sample number in the current delayed alignment calculation window is used as the earliest discrete sample number in the current delayed alignment calculation window. If the current sampling sequence number is less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum number of candidate delayed samples, minus the value of one, a historical data insufficiency indicator is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated; If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the number of samples in the maximum candidate delay, minus the value of one, and the traffic is effectively marked as an effective mark, a delay alignment calculation data group is formed; If the current sampling sequence number is not less than the sum of the number of samples in the delay alignment calculation window and the maximum number of candidate delay samples minus one, and the flow rate valid marker is an invalid marker, then a delay alignment calculation data group will not be formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value will be generated.

5. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process involves traversing the candidate delay sample set, extracting the normalized response sequence of the output detection point and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point delay, combining this with the effective flow marker to form a window of valid candidate sets, and calculating the upstream delay energy value and amplitude matching value. Specifically, this includes: In the candidate delay sample set, each candidate delay sample is taken as the current candidate delay sample in the candidate delay sample set. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window is read. The normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window extends from the earliest discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window to the current sampling number. Based on the upstream detection point normalized response sequence, the discrete sampling number formed by shifting the earliest discrete sampling number of the current delay alignment calculation window along the sampling time advance direction to the current candidate delay sampling number is taken as the starting discrete sampling number of the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence. The discrete sampling number formed by shifting the current sampling number along the sampling time advance direction to the current candidate delay sampling number is taken as the ending discrete sampling number of the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence. The upstream detection point normalized response quantity from the starting discrete sampling number to the ending discrete sampling number is read to form the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sampling number. Check the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the flow validity flags of the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number. If the flow validity flags of the output detection point normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current delay alignment calculation window and the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to each discrete sampling number in the current candidate delay sample number are both valid flags, add the current candidate delay sample number to the window valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. The normalized response quantities in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set are squared and summed to form the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set. In the window's valid candidate set, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the candidate delay sample number in the window's valid candidate set is read one by one. The candidate delay sample number with the corresponding upstream delay energy value greater than 0 is added to the valid delay candidate set. When the valid delay candidate set is empty, a no-valid upstream delay response flag is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Each normalized response quantity in the normalized response quantity sequence of the output detection point within the current delay alignment calculation window is multiplied by the normalized response quantity in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set, and then summed. This summation is then divided by the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set to form the amplitude matching quantity corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set.

6. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calculation of the alignment residual and the gas path volume is used to calculate the number of delayed samples, thereby obtaining the target number of delayed samples and the target delay time. The upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence, amplitude matching value, upstream delay energy value, and alignment residual corresponding to the target number of delayed samples are retained. Specifically, this includes: In the effective delay candidate set, each candidate delay sample number is taken as the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The amplitude matching amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set is multiplied by each normalized response amount in the upstream detection point delay normalized response amount sequence corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. Then, the normalized response amounts in the output detection point normalized response amount sequence within the current delay alignment calculation window that are at the same sequence position are subtracted from the obtained product. The obtained differences are squared and summed to form the alignment residual amount corresponding to the current candidate delay sample number in the effective delay candidate set. The alignment residuals corresponding to each candidate delayed sample number in the effective delay candidate set are compared to form the minimum alignment residual, and the candidate delayed sample numbers in the effective delay candidate set whose alignment residuals are equal to the minimum alignment residuals are added to the minimum residual candidate set. Multiply the output gas path volume flow rate corresponding to the current sampling sequence number by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, and round up to form the gas path volume calculation delay sampling number; For each candidate delayed sample number in the minimum residual candidate set, calculate the delay distance between the candidate delayed sample number and the delayed sample number calculated by the gas path volume, form the minimum delay distance, and add the candidate delayed sample number whose delay distance is equal to the minimum delay distance to the minimum distance candidate set; Select the smallest integer from the candidate set with the smallest distance as the target delay sampling number, and multiply the target delay sampling number by the sampling period to form the target delay time. Retain the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sampling number, and the alignment residual amount corresponding to the target delay sampling number.

7. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of reading the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number and the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling sequence number, generating the upstream equivalent output concentration, and calculating the concentration difference specifically includes: Read the upstream detection point concentration conversion value corresponding to the discrete sampling number formed by offsetting the current sampling number by the target delay sampling number along the sampling time advance direction from the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence; The converted concentration value of the upstream detection point is used as the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment; Read the output detection point concentration conversion value of the current sampling number from the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence; Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment, forming the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment.

8. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of calculating the output detection point delay consistency share based on the energy reference quantity and alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, and weighting it to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration, specifically includes: Using the target delay sampling number, read the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Square each normalized response in the normalized response sequence of the output detection point in the current delay alignment calculation window and sum them to form the output side energy value. Multiply the amplitude matching quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number by each normalized response quantity in the upstream detection point delay normalized response quantity sequence corresponding to the target delay sampling number, square each product and sum them, and then add them to the output energy value to form the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number. When the energy baseline corresponding to the target delayed sampling number is equal to 0, an indicator of no effective concentration change is formed, and no anesthetic gas output concentration detection value is generated. When the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is greater than 0, the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is divided by the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number to form the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number. Then, the negative number of the ratio between the alignment residual quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number and the energy reference quantity corresponding to the target delay sampling number is taken, and the negative number is exponentially calculated with the natural constant as the base to form the output detection point delay consistency share. Multiply the output detection point concentration conversion value by the output detection point delay consistency share, multiply the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment by the difference between value one and the output detection point delay consistency share, and then add the two products together to generate the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration.

9. The method for detecting the output concentration of an anesthetic gas according to claim 8, characterized in that, The calculation of the lower limit of the target delay, the upper limit of the target delay, and the total concentration difference threshold forms a gas transport identifier, and outputs the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value and the detection point identifier, specifically including: Multiply the maximum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, round the quotient up, compare the rounded result with one and take the larger value, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the target delay allowable lower limit. Multiply the minimum positive volumetric flow rate by the sampling period, divide the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point by the product, round up, and then multiply by the sampling period to form the target delay upper limit. When the target delay time is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target delay and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport consistency indicator is generated; when the target delay time is less than the lower limit of the target delay, a gas transport advance anomaly indicator is generated; when the target delay time is greater than the upper limit of the target delay, a gas transport lag anomaly indicator is generated. Obtain the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number. Calculate the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number. Divide the absolute value of the difference between the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number by the sum of the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the current sampling number and the output gas path volumetric flow rates corresponding to the previous sampling number to form the flow rate change ratio. Then multiply the flow rate change ratio by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the flow rate change concentration difference threshold. The upstream detection point voltage resolution and the output detection point voltage resolution are obtained during the acquisition of the original voltage response of the upstream detection point and the acquisition of the original voltage response of the output detection point. The upstream detection point voltage resolution is divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point and the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point to form the upstream detection point voltage resolution normalization value. The output detection point voltage resolution is divided by the difference between the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point and the baseline voltage response of the output detection point to form the output detection point voltage resolution normalization value. The upstream detection point voltage resolution normalization value and the output detection point voltage resolution normalization value are added together and multiplied by the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction to form the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold. The total concentration difference threshold amplification factor is received as the input of the detection parameter. The flow rate change concentration difference threshold and the voltage resolution concentration difference threshold are added together and amplified according to the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor to form the total concentration difference threshold. When the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is not greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point consistency identifier is formed; when the concentration difference between the output detection point concentration conversion value and the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment is greater than the total concentration difference threshold, the calculated output concentration of the anesthetic gas is used as the anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, and a detection point inconsistency identifier is formed.

10. A system employing the anesthetic gas output concentration detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition unit: Communicates with upstream detection point, output detection point, and output gas path volumetric flow rate detection component; acquires the raw voltage response of upstream detection point, raw voltage response of output detection point, and output gas path volumetric flow rate; obtains the voltage resolution of upstream detection point and output detection point used in the acquisition of raw voltage response of upstream detection point and raw voltage response of output detection point; records the current sampling time, current sampling sequence number, and previous sampling sequence number; generates a valid flow rate marker based on the output gas path volumetric flow rate; and outputs the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling sequence number, the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling sequence number, the voltage resolution of upstream detection point, and the voltage resolution of output detection point to the concentration output unit. Response conversion unit: Receives the original voltage response of the upstream detection point, the original voltage response of the output detection point, the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point, the calibration voltage response of the output detection point, and the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction; generates the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the concentration conversion value sequence of the upstream detection point, and the concentration conversion value sequence of the output detection point; and outputs the following to the concentration output unit: the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the concentration conversion value sequence of the upstream detection point, the concentration conversion value sequence of the output detection point, the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the calibration voltage response of the upstream detection point, the calibration voltage response of the output detection point, and the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction. The delay matching unit receives the normalized response sequence of the upstream detection point, the normalized response sequence of the output detection point, the output gas path volumetric flow rate, the effective flow rate marker, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, the maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period. It forms a candidate delay sample set and the current delay alignment calculation window, calculates the upstream delay energy value, amplitude matching amount, and alignment residual amount corresponding to the candidate delay sample number, determines the target delay sample number and the target delay time, and outputs the target delay sample number, target delay time, the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the target delay sample number, the amplitude matching amount corresponding to the target delay sample number, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delay sample number, the alignment residual amount corresponding to the target delay sample number, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, the maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period to the concentration output unit. Concentration Output Unit: Receives the upstream detection point normalized response sequence, the output detection point normalized response sequence, the upstream detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the output detection point concentration conversion value sequence, the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number, the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number, the upstream detection point baseline voltage response, the output detection point baseline voltage response, the upstream detection point calibration voltage response, the output detection point calibration voltage response, the upstream detection point voltage resolution, the output detection point voltage resolution, the calibration gas anesthetic volume fraction, the target delayed sampling number, the target delay time, the upstream detection point delay normalized response sequence corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, the amplitude matching value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, the upstream delay energy value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, the alignment residual value corresponding to the target delayed sampling number, the effective gas path volume between the upstream detection point and the output detection point, the minimum forward volumetric flow rate, the maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and the sampling period; and receives the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor as input as detection parameters. Generate the upstream equivalent output concentration after delay alignment, the output detection point concentration conversion value, the concentration difference, the energy reference quantity, the output detection point delay consistency share, and the calculated value of the anesthetic gas output concentration; The target delay lower limit and target delay upper limit are calculated based on the effective gas path volume, minimum forward volumetric flow rate, maximum forward volumetric flow rate, and sampling period between the upstream detection point and the output detection point. The total concentration difference threshold is calculated based on the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the current sampling number, the output gas path volumetric flow rate corresponding to the previous sampling number, the calibrated gas anesthetic volume fraction, the voltage resolution of the upstream detection point, the voltage resolution of the output detection point, the baseline voltage response of the upstream detection point, the baseline voltage response of the output detection point, the calibrated voltage response of the upstream detection point, the calibrated voltage response of the output detection point, and the total concentration difference threshold amplification factor. Based on the comparison results between the target delay time and the target delay lower limit and target delay upper limit, and the comparison results between the concentration difference value and the total concentration difference threshold, the output anesthetic gas output concentration detection value, gas path transport consistency indicator, gas path transport early abnormality indicator or gas path transport late abnormality indicator, and detection point consistency indicator or detection point inconsistency indicator are generated.

Images