A self-powered water treatment device

Abstract

The application discloses a self-powered water treatment device, characterized in that the device comprises a photovoltaic purification composite component, the photovoltaic purification composite component is composed of a double-sided photovoltaic assembly and a multifunctional composite layer, the multifunctional composite layer is a hydrophilic porous medium layer formed by interweaving a plurality of fibers, and a photocatalytic material is fixedly arranged on each fiber; a water conveying unit is in fluid communication with the multifunctional composite layer and is used for conveying water to be treated to the multifunctional composite layer; an electric energy management unit is electrically connected with the double-sided photovoltaic assembly and is used for distributing at least part of electric energy generated by the double-sided photovoltaic assembly to the water conveying unit; and a supporting frame is used for supporting the photovoltaic purification composite component and making the photovoltaic purification composite component be arranged in an inclined mode. The device has the advantages that photovoltaic efficiency enhancement and water purification can be simultaneously realized under the condition of not relying on an external power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment and renewable energy utilization technology, and in particular to a self-powered water treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] Using photovoltaic (PV) power to power water treatment systems has seen initial applications in off-grid scenarios such as recirculating aquaculture systems and offshore platforms. In existing technologies, PV modules are typically connected to the water treatment system as independent power sources to power equipment such as pumps and aerators, achieving partial or complete energy self-sufficiency. However, this approach only utilizes the electricity generated by the PV modules; the waste heat generated during operation and the unabsorbed transmitted light energy are not effectively recovered, and the problem of power generation efficiency degradation due to the temperature rise of the PV modules themselves remains a persistent issue.

[0003] On the other hand, advanced treatment technologies, such as photocatalytic oxidation, can effectively degrade organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, and pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture wastewater. However, their application often requires independent configuration of light sources and energy supply systems. The integration with photovoltaic systems remains in a state of functional separation between photovoltaic power generation and photocatalytic power consumption, resulting in a significant increase in system complexity and energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a self-powered water treatment device that can simultaneously realize photovoltaic efficiency enhancement and water purification (e.g., aquaculture wastewater) without relying on an external power grid.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A self-powered water treatment device, comprising: The photovoltaic purification composite component is composed of a double-sided photovoltaic module and a multi-functional composite layer laminated together. The multi-functional composite layer is a hydrophilic porous medium layer made of multiple interwoven fibers, with photocatalytic material fixed on each fiber. After contacting the water to be treated, the multi-functional composite layer generates capillary adsorption force with its own hydrophilic properties, so that it automatically and tightly adheres to the back of the double-sided photovoltaic module without gaps. The water delivery unit is in fluid communication with the multifunctional composite layer and is used to deliver the water to be treated to the multifunctional composite layer. An energy management unit, electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module, is used to distribute at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module to the water delivery unit; A support frame is used to support and install the photovoltaic purification composite components and to set them at an angle so that the water to be treated, which is delivered to the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer, can flow along the multifunctional composite layer with the assistance of gravity. In operation, the front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module directly absorbs sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. Some of the light shines through the gaps between the cells on the bifacial photovoltaic module onto the multifunctional composite layer, stimulating the photocatalytic material to purify the water to be treated. The light transmitted to the multifunctional composite layer is diffusely reflected back to the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module for secondary conversion. At the same time, the multifunctional composite layer receives heat conduction from the bifacial photovoltaic module and utilizes the flow of the water to be treated in the multifunctional composite layer and the evaporation during the flow process to simultaneously cool the bifacial photovoltaic module.

[0006] The bifacial photovoltaic module has a light-transmitting encapsulation layer on both the front and back sides; the multifunctional composite layer is attached to the outer surface of the light-transmitting encapsulation layer on the back side.

[0007] The fiber is glass fiber, cellulose fiber, or hydrophilic polymer fiber; correspondingly, the hydrophilic porous media layer is a glass fiber filter membrane, a cellulose filter membrane, or a hydrophilic polymer nonwoven fabric; the photocatalytic material is one or more of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide, carbon quantum dot-modified titanium dioxide, or graphitic carbon nitride.

[0008] The water delivery unit also includes: A liquid storage container used to hold water to be treated; A power pump, the inlet of which is connected to the liquid storage container, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet end of the upper part of the multifunctional composite layer; A fluid guiding structure is provided at the outlet end of the lower end of the multifunctional composite layer to guide the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer to the target location.

[0009] The target location is the liquid storage container; The fluid guiding structure includes an inclined guiding part and a vertical guiding part. The lower end of the multifunctional composite layer extends into the upper end of the inclined guiding part, and the vertical guiding part communicates with the inclined guiding part and extends downward to the liquid storage container. The liquid storage container is positioned below the fluid guiding structure so that the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer passes sequentially through the inclined guide and the vertical guide, and flows back to the liquid storage container under the action of gravity.

[0010] The water delivery unit includes: The water inlet guide channel has an inlet and an outlet. The water inlet guide channel is located above the multifunctional composite layer. The upper end of the multifunctional composite layer extends into the outlet. The outlet of the power pump is connected to the inlet. Water from the power pump flows through the outlet to the multifunctional composite layer under the influence of gravity.

[0011] The power management unit also includes: A power module is electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module and is used to receive the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module. A voltage regulating module, electrically connected to the power module and the power pump, is used to regulate the voltage and / or current supplied to the power pump in order to control the flow rate of the power pump. An energy storage module, electrically connected to the power module, is used to store at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module.

[0012] The power management unit also includes: A maximum power point tracking module is connected between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the power module to enable the bifacial photovoltaic module to operate in the maximum power output state. A coulomb counter, connected between the power module and the energy storage module, is used to record the charging and / or discharging amount of the energy storage module.

[0013] The power management unit also includes an external power supply interface, which is electrically connected to the power module and / or the energy storage module to provide power to external devices.

[0014] The support frame includes: A photovoltaic panel support grid is used to fix and support the photovoltaic purification composite component. Side barriers are installed on opposite sides of the outer perimeter of the photovoltaic panel support grid to provide lateral restraint for the photovoltaic purification composite component and prevent water from flowing out from the side edges of the multifunctional composite layer; the inner surface of the side barriers is a reflective surface to reflect lateral incident light onto the photovoltaic purification composite component. Support legs are provided below the photovoltaic panel support grid. The support legs include a front support leg and a rear support leg. The front support leg and the rear support leg have different lengths so that the photovoltaic panel support grid and the photovoltaic purification composite component installed on it present an inclined angle.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) Construct a "photovoltaic purification composite component" to achieve a high degree of integration between photovoltaic power generation and photocatalytic purification: Bifacial photovoltaic modules are directly laminated with a multifunctional composite layer to form an integrated "photovoltaic purification composite component". This component integrates four functions: photoelectric conversion, photocatalytic reaction, heat conduction and evaporative cooling. It has a compact structure and no redundant parts. The front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module receives direct sunlight to generate electricity, and some of the light shines directly onto the multifunctional composite layer through the gaps between the cells to stimulate the photocatalytic reaction. This allows photovoltaic power generation and water treatment to be carried out simultaneously in the same device, which greatly improves the solar energy utilization rate per unit area. (2) It pioneered the "gravity-hydrophilic synergistic anchoring" structure: The multifunctional composite layer is placed below the bifacial photovoltaic module. The support frame provides mechanical support and restraint for the composite layer in the dry state. After water is introduced, the multifunctional composite layer uses its own hydrophilic properties to generate capillary adsorption force, automatically and tightly adhering to the back of the bifacial photovoltaic module without gaps. The support frame undertakes the positioning function in the dry state, and the hydrophilic adsorption solves the problem of tight adhesion in the wet state. The two work together to achieve stable and reliable adhesion without the use of any thermally conductive adhesive, fasteners or additional shells, fundamentally avoiding the risk of adhesive aging and falling off, and facilitating cleaning, maintenance and replacement. (3) An optical internal cycle of "transmission-catalysis-reflection-secondary power generation" was established to realize the spectral gradient utilization: Using bifacial photovoltaic modules, sunlight passes through the front side, with some being directly absorbed by the solar cells for primary power generation, and the other part directly irradiating the multifunctional composite layer through the gaps between the solar cells, stimulating photocatalytic materials to purify the water. The unabsorbed transmitted light is diffusely reflected back to the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module through the fiber surface in the multifunctional composite layer, generating secondary power. This optical internal circulation design achieves cascade utilization of the solar spectrum, eliminating the need for any external concentrators and significantly improving the overall utilization rate of solar energy. (4) Utilizing evaporative phase change to achieve passive adaptive cooling: The water to be treated flows along the surface of the multifunctional composite layer under gravity assistance. The flow of water combined with evaporation and phase change carries away a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, thereby cooling the bifacial photovoltaic modules. This cooling mechanism has natural adaptive characteristics: the stronger the light, the more waste heat the photovoltaic modules generate, the faster the water evaporates, and the more significant the cooling effect, forming a positive feedback effect. The entire cooling process does not require additional high-energy-consuming equipment such as air pumps and coolers. It only relies on low-power water pumps to maintain water circulation. The system has low energy consumption and high reliability. (5) Fiber-immobilized photocatalysis is used to achieve continuous flow water treatment: The photocatalytic material is firmly loaded onto the surface of each fiber in the hydrophilic porous media layer. The water to be treated flows continuously along the surface of the composite layer under gravity assistance, achieving efficient contact with the photocatalyst in the stationary phase. This design eliminates the need for forced disturbance devices required for suspended catalysts, gas-liquid separators, and catalyst recovery systems, fundamentally avoiding the problem of catalyst loss. Furthermore, the contact mode between the flowing water and the stationary catalyst ensures the continuity of the reaction and mass transfer efficiency, making it suitable for long-term, high-flow-rate water treatment scenarios. (6) Achieving synergistic purification through photocatalytic degradation, physical filtration, and evaporation separation: When the water to be treated flows through the multifunctional composite layer, it undergoes three purification mechanisms simultaneously: photocatalytic materials generate strong oxidizing free radicals under transmitted light excitation, which efficiently degrade organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and pathogenic microorganisms; the hydrophilic porous media layer physically intercepts and adsorbs suspended solids and particulate matter; and some water evaporates, further concentrating or separating some pollutants. The three mechanisms work synergistically within the same unit, significantly improving the water treatment efficiency per unit of energy consumption. (7) The system operates under its own power supply and has the ability to supply power to external systems: The electricity generated by the bifacial photovoltaic modules is distributed by the power management unit to power the pumps of the water delivery unit, enabling the system to operate completely self-sufficiently without the need for an external power grid. The power management unit integrates maximum power point tracking, ensuring that the photovoltaic modules always operate at their optimal output. The energy storage module stores excess energy, ensuring continuous operation of the device even during periods without sunlight. The device also has an external power supply interface, which can provide power to external equipment such as aerators and water quality monitoring sensors, making it suitable for offshore aquaculture and areas without power grids. (8) Support frame, structurally stable and adaptable to harsh environments: A support frame is used to install the photovoltaic purification composite component as a whole. The frame includes a photovoltaic panel support grid, side enclosures, and support legs of unequal length. The support grid provides a uniform support surface to prevent component deformation. The side enclosures are used to form lateral restraints and prevent water from flowing out from the two sides of the multifunctional composite layer. The reflective surface of its inner surface can reflect lateral light to the surface of the multifunctional composite layer, enhancing the photocatalytic effect. The support legs of unequal length at the front and rear allow the device to naturally form an inclined angle without the need for additional adjustment mechanisms, which facilitates the uniform flow of water under the action of gravity. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting pipeline of the present invention without the installation of the multifunctional composite layer and the power pump; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled bifacial photovoltaic module; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bifacial photovoltaic module and the multifunctional composite layer in this invention. Figure 7 A comparison of photovoltaic performance in three sets of experiments under laboratory conditions (illuminance 1000 W / m²): The three experimental setups are as follows: Single-panel assembly: A single double-sided photovoltaic module with no multi-functional composite layer attached to the back and no water circulation; Diffuse reflection panel assembly: A multifunctional composite layer loaded with photocatalytic material is attached to the back of the bifacial photovoltaic module, but there is no water circulation; The cooling plate assembly of the device of the present invention: the same multifunctional composite layer is attached to the back of the double-sided photovoltaic module, and the water to be treated continuously circulates along the surface of the composite layer. The meanings of each sub-graph are as follows: (a) Curves showing the average temperature of bifacial photovoltaic modules over time in the three sets of experiments; (b) Infrared thermograms of the three sets of experiments; (c) Open-circuit voltage of bifacial photovoltaic modules versus time in the three sets of experiments; (d) Curves showing the maximum power of bifacial photovoltaic modules over time in the three sets of experiments; Figure 8 To compare the photovoltaic performance of three sets of experiments under outdoor conditions (October 12, 2025, sunny weather), the experimental setup and... Figure 7 Consistent, the meanings of each sub-diagram are as follows: (a) Temperature changes over time on the front and back sides of bifacial photovoltaic modules in the three sets of experiments; (b) Infrared thermal images of the three sets of experiments collected at 11:00 on the same day; (c) Comparison of real-time power output of bifacial photovoltaic modules in the three sets of experiments; (d) Comparison of cumulative power generation of bifacial photovoltaic modules in the three sets of experiments; Figure 9 To verify the purification performance of the device of the present invention on real marine aquaculture wastewater, the meanings of each sub-figure are as follows: (a) Comparison of total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in influent and effluent under laboratory conditions (initial concentration 22.84–27.76 mg / L, reduced to 6.22–9.01 mg / L after treatment). (b) Comparison of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in influent and effluent under laboratory conditions (initial concentration 2.93–3.1 mg / L, reduced to 1.6–2.27 mg / L after treatment). (c) Comparison of total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in influent and effluent under outdoor conditions (initial concentration 16.72 mg / L, reduced to 5.58–9.15 mg / L after treatment, removal rate 45%–67%). (d) Comparison of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in influent and effluent under outdoor conditions (initial concentration 2.95 mg / L, reduced to 1.24–1.72 mg / L after treatment, removal rate 42%–58%). Figure 10 This is a structural block diagram of the power management unit in this invention; Figure 11 This is an electron microscope scan of the multifunctional composite layer loaded with photocatalytic materials in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a self-powered water treatment device includes: The photovoltaic purification composite component is composed of a double-sided photovoltaic module 1 and a multi-functional composite layer 2 laminated together. The multi-functional composite layer 2 is a hydrophilic porous medium layer made of multiple interwoven fibers 20, and each fiber 20 is fixedly provided with a photocatalytic material 200. After contacting the water to be treated, the multi-functional composite layer 2 generates capillary adsorption force with its own hydrophilic properties, so that it automatically and tightly adheres to the back of the double-sided photovoltaic module 1 without gaps. The water delivery unit is in fluid communication with the multifunctional composite layer 2 and is used to deliver the water to be treated to the multifunctional composite layer 2. The power management unit 5 is electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and is used to distribute at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 to the water delivery unit. The support frame 6 is used to support the installation of the photovoltaic purification composite component and to set it at an inclination so that the water to be treated delivered to the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer 2 can flow along the multifunctional composite layer 2 with the assistance of gravity. In operation, the front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 directly absorbs sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. Some of the light shines through the gaps between the cells on the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and onto the multifunctional composite layer 2, stimulating the photocatalytic material 200 to purify the water to be treated. The light transmitted to the multifunctional composite layer 2 is diffusely reflected back to the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 for secondary conversion. At the same time, the multifunctional composite layer 2 receives heat conduction from the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and utilizes the flow of the water to be treated in the multifunctional composite layer 2 and the evaporation during the flow process to simultaneously cool the bifacial photovoltaic module 1.

[0019] In this specific embodiment, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 has a light-transmitting encapsulation layer 11 on both the front and back sides; the multifunctional composite layer 2 is attached to the outer surface of the light-transmitting encapsulation layer 11 located on the back side. By fully utilizing the light-transmitting characteristics of the bifacial module, unabsorbed sunlight can be directly irradiated onto the multifunctional composite layer 2, stimulating the photocatalytic reaction without the need for an additional light source; the multifunctional composite layer 2 is attached to the back side, resulting in a short heat conduction path, significant evaporative cooling effect, and effectively suppressing the temperature rise and degradation of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] In this specific embodiment, fiber 20 is glass fiber, cellulose fiber, or hydrophilic polymer fiber; correspondingly, the hydrophilic porous media layer is a glass fiber filter membrane, a cellulose filter membrane, or a hydrophilic nonwoven polymer fabric; the photocatalytic material 200 is one or more of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide, carbon quantum dot-modified titanium dioxide, or graphitic carbon nitride. This hydrophilic porous structure ensures that water is uniformly spread to form a water film under capillary action, maximizing the photocatalytic contact area and evaporative cooling area; the selected photocatalytic materials all have visible light response characteristics, are compatible with the transmission spectrum, and can efficiently degrade ammonia nitrogen, antibiotics, and pathogenic microorganisms without the need for an ultraviolet light source.

[0021] In this specific embodiment, the water delivery unit includes: Liquid storage container 31 is used to contain the water to be treated; The power pump 32 has its inlet connected to the liquid storage container 31 and its outlet connected to the inlet end of the upper part of the multifunctional composite layer 2. The fluid guiding structure 4, located at the outlet end of the lower part of the multifunctional composite layer 2, guides the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer 2 to the target location, forming a complete water circulation. The power pump 32 only needs to lift the water to the upper part of the multifunctional composite layer 2, and the subsequent flow relies on gravity and capillary force, resulting in extremely low energy consumption. The fluid guiding structure 4 ensures the orderly collection of treated water, avoiding leakage and loss.

[0022] In this specific embodiment, the target location is the liquid storage container 31; The fluid guiding structure 4 includes an inclined guiding part 41 and a vertical guiding part 42. The lower end 22 of the multifunctional composite layer 2 extends into the upper end of the inclined guiding part 41. The vertical guiding part 42 communicates with the inclined guiding part 41 and extends downward to the liquid storage container 31. The liquid storage container 31 is positioned below the fluid guiding structure 4, allowing the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer 2 to sequentially pass through the inclined guide section 41 and the vertical guide section 42, and then return to the liquid storage container 31 under gravity. This achieves a completely gravity-driven, unpowered return flow. The power pump 32 only consumes power when lifting the water to a higher level during the entire water circulation process, resulting in zero energy consumption during the return flow. The design of the lower end of the multifunctional composite layer 2 extending into the inclined guide section 41 prevents water leakage or splashing. The closed-loop circulation mode is suitable for recirculating aquaculture systems, enabling continuous water circulation and purification.

[0023] In this specific embodiment, the water delivery unit further includes: The water inlet guide channel 33 has an inlet 331 and an outlet 332. The water inlet guide channel 33 is located above the multifunctional composite layer 2. The upper end 21 of the multifunctional composite layer 2 extends into the outlet 332. The outlet of the power pump 32 is connected to the inlet 331. Water from the power pump 32 flows to the multifunctional composite layer 2 through the outlet 332 under the influence of gravity. The inlet guide channel 33 transforms the point source water flow from the outlet of the power pump 32 into a line source water flow that is evenly distributed along the width of the multifunctional composite layer 2, ensuring that a uniform water film is formed on the surface of the multifunctional composite layer 2 and avoiding local drying or excessive water thickness. The design of the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer 2 extending into the outlet 332 prevents water overflow. The water flows autonomously to the multifunctional composite layer 2 under the influence of gravity, further reducing energy consumption.

[0024] In this specific embodiment, the upper end 21 of the multifunctional composite layer 2 utilizes its own hydrophilic adsorption properties to directly adsorb onto the inner wall of the outlet 332, preventing the multifunctional composite layer 2 from detaching from the outlet 332 under the impact of water flow. The multifunctional composite layer 2 itself is a hydrophilic porous medium, and its fiber or porous structure has a natural capillary adsorption capacity. Utilizing this inherent characteristic, it achieves a tight fit with the inner wall of the outlet 332, eliminating the need for additional fasteners such as clips, adhesives, pressure plates, or bolts. The structure is extremely simple and the assembly efficiency is high. At the same time, this adsorption-type fixing method can effectively resist the impact force of water flow from the power pump 32, preventing the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer 2 from being washed away or displaced. This ensures that all water flows through the interior or surface of the multifunctional composite layer 2 rather than bypassing from the side, thereby ensuring the uniformity of water film formation and the effectiveness of photocatalysis. Furthermore, when the multifunctional composite layer 2 needs to be cleaned or replaced due to long-term use, it can be detached from the inner wall of the outlet 332 with only a small pulling force, making disassembly convenient and maintenance costs low.

[0025] In this specific embodiment, the power management unit 5 further includes: The power module is electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and is used to receive the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module 1. The voltage regulating module is electrically connected to the power module and to the power pump 32, and is used to regulate the voltage and / or current supplied to the power pump 32 in order to control the flow rate of the power pump 32. The energy storage module, electrically connected to the power module, is used to store at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module 1. The power module centrally manages the distribution of photovoltaic power; the voltage regulation module can adjust the water pump flow rate according to the light intensity to achieve adaptive energy-saving operation (faster flow rate when the light is strong, slower flow rate when the light is weak); the energy storage module stores excess electrical energy to ensure that the device can still operate during periods without sunlight, achieving all-weather self-sufficiency.

[0026] In this specific embodiment, the energy storage module is a lithium battery pack. It features high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate, making it suitable for long-term stable operation; it can provide backup power for external monitoring equipment, aerators, etc.

[0027] In this specific embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the power management unit 5 also includes: The maximum power point tracking module is connected between the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the power module to enable the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 to operate in the maximum power output state. A coulomb counter, connected between the power module and the energy storage module, is used to record the charging and / or discharging amount of the energy storage module. The maximum power point tracking module (MPPT) ensures that the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 always operates at the optimal output voltage point, improving power generation efficiency by 10%–30%; the coulomb counter accurately records the charging and discharging state of the energy storage module, facilitating system energy management and fault diagnosis.

[0028] In this specific embodiment, the power management unit 5 also includes an external power supply interface 51, which is electrically connected to the power module and / or energy storage module to provide power to external devices. In addition to meeting its own operational needs, the device can also supply power to external devices such as aerators, water quality monitoring sensors, and lighting, achieving comprehensive energy supply for the offshore aquaculture platform and reducing overall facility investment costs.

[0029] In this specific embodiment, the external power supply interface 51 is a USB interface. The USB interface is a standard interface with strong compatibility, making it easy to connect various low-voltage devices (such as sensors, LED lighting, and small oxygen pumps), and it is plug-and-play and easy to maintain.

[0030] In this specific embodiment, the support frame 6 includes a photovoltaic panel support grille 61 and side enclosures 62. The photovoltaic panel support grille 61 is used to fix the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and the multifunctional composite layer 2. The side enclosures 62 are arranged on opposite sides of the outer periphery of the photovoltaic panel support grille 61 to provide lateral restraint for the photovoltaic purification composite component and prevent water from flowing out from the side edges of the multifunctional composite layer 2. The inner surface of the side enclosures 62 is a reflective surface to reflect lateral incident light onto the photovoltaic purification composite component. The photovoltaic panel support grille 61 provides a uniform support surface to prevent the entire component from deforming under stress. At the same time, the grille structure reduces the overall weight, facilitating transportation and installation. The side enclosures 62 provide lateral restraint for the photovoltaic purification composite component and prevent lateral wind from interfering with the uniform flow of water on the surface of the multifunctional composite layer 2. They also serve as reflectors to reflect lateral light onto the surface of the multifunctional composite layer 2, enhancing the photocatalytic effect.

[0031] In this specific embodiment, support legs (63, 64) are provided below the photovoltaic panel support grid 61 to support the support frame 6 and the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 and multifunctional composite layer 2 mounted on it on the ground or mounting base. The support legs (63, 64) lift the entire device off the ground or mounting base, which facilitates the arrangement and maintenance of the bottom liquid storage container 31, and at the same time prevents ground moisture from corroding the photovoltaic module and multifunctional composite layer 2; the fixed connection between the support legs and the grid forms a stable overall structure with strong wind and earthquake resistance.

[0032] In this specific embodiment, the support legs include a front support leg 63 and a rear support leg 64, with the front support leg 63 and the rear support leg 64 having different lengths, so that the photovoltaic panel support grid 61, the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, and the multifunctional composite layer 2 present an inclined angle. The overall tilt of the device is achieved by the unequal lengths of the front support leg 63 and the rear support leg 64, which is simple in structure, requires no additional adjustment mechanism, and the tilt angle is determined by the difference in length of the support legs, making it stable and reliable. The tilt setting allows the water to be treated, which is transported to the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer 2, to flow evenly along the surface of the multifunctional composite layer 2 with the assistance of gravity, without additional energy consumption. At the same time, the tilt angle can optimize the sunlight reception efficiency of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1.

[0033] In this specific embodiment, the liquid storage container 31 is located below the support frame 6 and below the lower end of the multifunctional composite layer 2. The liquid storage container 31 is situated at the lowest point of the overall structure, ensuring that the treated water is completely returned under gravity, leaving no residual water. The overall structure is compact, saving floor space.

[0034] The following is a specific performance verification of this device: The photovoltaic cooling performance and wastewater purification performance were characterized under both laboratory and outdoor conditions. Three control groups were set up in the experiment: Single-panel assembly: A single double-sided photovoltaic module with no multi-functional composite layer attached to the back and no water circulation; Diffuse reflection panel: A glass fiber filter membrane (i.e., a multifunctional composite layer) loaded with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide is attached to the back of the bifacial photovoltaic module, but there is no water circulation; The cooling plate assembly of the device of the present invention: the same multifunctional composite layer is attached to the back of the double-sided photovoltaic module, and the water to be treated continuously circulates along the surface of the composite layer.

[0035] Under laboratory conditions (light intensity 1000 W / m²), such as Figure 7 As shown, the highest temperature at the center of the cooling plate assembly of the present invention is 16°C lower than that of the single-plate assembly and the diffuse reflection plate assembly, respectively. It reaches a relatively stable temperature in about 20 minutes and maintains this temperature for up to 3 hours without significant temperature changes, with the photovoltaic module remaining at approximately 29.7°C. The open-circuit voltage of the cooling plate assembly of the present invention stabilizes at 6.15V from an initial 6.21V, and the maximum power stabilizes at approximately 241.60mW, while the maximum power of the single-plate assembly and the diffuse reflection plate assembly decreases to 201.46mW and 208.95mW, respectively.

[0036] Under outdoor conditions (October 12, 2025, sunny weather), such as Figure 8 As shown, the highest temperature of the cooling plate assembly in this invention is approximately 39°C. Compared to the single-plate assembly (approximately 51°C) and the diffuse reflection plate assembly (approximately 55°C), the temperature drop on the front side is 13.3°C and 17.1°C, respectively, while the maximum temperature drop on the back side is 13.8°C and 22°C, respectively. The cooling plate assembly of this invention reaches a maximum power of 2.80W around 11:00 AM, and the cumulative charging amount for the day reaches 17.154Wh, both significantly higher than the control group.

[0037] The purification performance of the device of this invention was verified by testing real marine aquaculture wastewater, such as... Figure 9 As shown in the figure, under laboratory conditions, total organic carbon (TOC) decreased from 22.84-27.76 mg / L to 6.22-9.01 mg / L, and total nitrogen (TN) decreased from 2.93-3.1 mg / L to 1.6-2.27 mg / L. Under outdoor conditions, TOC decreased from 16.72 mg / L to 5.58-9.15 mg / L, with a removal rate of 45%-67%; TN decreased from 2.95 mg / L to 1.24-1.72 mg / L, with a removal rate of 42%-58%.

[0038] The above performance verification shows that in the device of the present invention, the glass fiber filter membrane loaded with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide plays a significant photocatalytic role in the wastewater recycling degradation process, and has a high efficiency in removing organic pollutants and nitrogen nutrients in the water; at the same time, the flow of circulating water in the multifunctional composite layer achieves significant cooling of the bifacial photovoltaic module, effectively suppressing the power generation efficiency decay caused by temperature rise.

Claims

1. A self-powered water treatment device, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic purification composite component is composed of a double-sided photovoltaic module and a multi-functional composite layer laminated together. The multi-functional composite layer is a hydrophilic porous medium layer made of multiple interwoven fibers, with photocatalytic material fixed on each fiber. After contacting the water to be treated, the multi-functional composite layer generates capillary adsorption force with its own hydrophilic properties, so that it automatically and tightly adheres to the back of the double-sided photovoltaic module without gaps. The water delivery unit is in fluid communication with the multifunctional composite layer and is used to deliver the water to be treated to the multifunctional composite layer. An energy management unit, electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module, is used to distribute at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module to the water delivery unit; A support frame is used to support and install the photovoltaic purification composite component and to set it at an angle so that the water to be treated, which is delivered to the upper end of the multifunctional composite layer, can flow along the multifunctional composite layer with the assistance of gravity. In operation, the front side of the bifacial photovoltaic module directly absorbs sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. Some of the light shines through the gaps between the cells on the bifacial photovoltaic module and onto the multifunctional composite layer, stimulating the photocatalytic material to purify the water to be treated. The light transmitted to the multifunctional composite layer is diffusely reflected back to the back side of the bifacial photovoltaic module for secondary conversion. At the same time, the multifunctional composite layer receives heat conduction from the bifacial photovoltaic module and utilizes the flow of the water to be treated in the multifunctional composite layer and the evaporation during the flow process to simultaneously cool the bifacial photovoltaic module. The bifacial photovoltaic module has a light-transmitting encapsulation layer on both the front and back sides; the multifunctional composite layer is attached to the outer surface of the light-transmitting encapsulation layer on the back side. The water delivery unit includes: A liquid storage container used to hold water to be treated; A power pump, the inlet of which is connected to the liquid storage container, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet end of the upper part of the multifunctional composite layer; A fluid guiding structure is provided at the outlet end of the lower end of the multifunctional composite layer to guide the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer to the target location. The target location is the liquid storage container; The fluid guiding structure includes an inclined guiding part and a vertical guiding part. The lower end of the multifunctional composite layer extends into the upper end of the inclined guiding part, and the vertical guiding part communicates with the inclined guiding part and extends downward to the liquid storage container. The liquid storage container is positioned below the fluid guiding structure so that the water flowing through the multifunctional composite layer passes sequentially through the inclined guide and the vertical guide, and flows back to the liquid storage container under the action of gravity.

2. The self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The fiber is glass fiber, cellulose fiber, or hydrophilic polymer fiber; correspondingly, the hydrophilic porous media layer is a glass fiber filter membrane, a cellulose filter membrane, or a hydrophilic polymer nonwoven fabric; the photocatalytic material is one or more of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide, carbon quantum dot-modified titanium dioxide, or graphitic carbon nitride.

3. The self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The water delivery unit further includes: The water inlet guide channel has an inlet and an outlet. The water inlet guide channel is located above the multifunctional composite layer. The upper end of the multifunctional composite layer extends into the outlet. The outlet of the power pump is connected to the inlet. Water from the power pump flows through the outlet to the multifunctional composite layer under the influence of gravity.

4. The self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The power management unit also includes: A power module is electrically connected to the bifacial photovoltaic module and is used to receive the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module. A voltage regulating module, electrically connected to the power module and the power pump, is used to regulate the voltage and / or current supplied to the power pump in order to control the flow rate of the power pump. An energy storage module, electrically connected to the power module, is used to store at least a portion of the electrical energy generated by the bifacial photovoltaic module.

5. A self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The power management unit also includes: A maximum power point tracking module is connected between the bifacial photovoltaic module and the power module to enable the bifacial photovoltaic module to operate in the maximum power output state. A coulomb counter, connected between the power module and the energy storage module, is used to record the charging and / or discharging amount of the energy storage module.

6. A self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The power management unit also includes an external power supply interface, which is electrically connected to the power module and / or the energy storage module to provide power to external devices.

7. A self-powered water treatment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The support frame includes: A photovoltaic panel support grid is used to fix and support the photovoltaic purification composite component. Side barriers are installed on opposite sides of the outer perimeter of the photovoltaic panel support grid to provide lateral restraint for the photovoltaic purification composite component and prevent water from flowing out from the side edges of the multifunctional composite layer; the inner surface of the side barriers is a reflective surface to reflect lateral incident light onto the photovoltaic purification composite component. Support legs are provided below the photovoltaic panel support grid. The support legs include a front support leg and a rear support leg. The front support leg and the rear support leg have different lengths so that the photovoltaic panel support grid and the photovoltaic purification composite component installed on it present an inclined angle.

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