A loudspeaker and electronic device

Abstract

This application provides a loudspeaker and an electronic device. The loudspeaker includes a vibration system and a fixed frame. The vibration system includes a voice coil and leads. Lead constraint points are set on the fixed frame, and the lead constraint points are positioned on the side with the larger distance based on a comparison of the distances from the voice coil's rest position to its upper and lower limits. Simultaneously, the length L between the first end and the first connection point satisfies: D max ≤L≤2*Δh+D min , where D max D is the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point. min Δh is the shortest straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point, and Δh is the height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface located on the same side of the target plane as the lead wire constraint point. This application, through the coordinated design of the lead wire constraint point position and the lead wire movement length, is beneficial to improving the lead wire fatigue life, eliminating noise, and improving the speaker reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of loudspeaker technology, specifically to a loudspeaker and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Moving-coil loudspeakers, as a classic electroacoustic transducer, are widely used in many fields, from consumer electronics to professional audio. In a moving-coil loudspeaker, the voice coil is connected to the driver circuit board via leads to receive an electrical signal. The voice coil vibrates under the influence of a magnetic field, driving the diaphragm to produce sound. This is a crucial component in the entire acoustic transducer process, and the reliability and operating condition of the leads directly affect the performance and lifespan of the loudspeaker.

[0003] In traditional moving-coil loudspeaker designs, a certain length of lead wire is usually reserved in the lead wire path to ensure that the voice coil does not break when it vibrates significantly. However, this lead wire, which is reserved to ensure reliability, is often in a relatively slack and free state in actual operation, and it will wobble accordingly as the voice coil vibrates back and forth in the magnetic loop.

[0004] The current method of reserving a certain length of lead wire, while meeting the basic reliability requirement of preventing breakage due to insufficient stroke or excessive stretching, presents a problem in loudspeakers, especially those operating at high amplitude. This reserved, free-flowing lead wire exhibits significant synchronous wobble due to the intense vibration of the voice coil. This unrestrained wobble allows the slack lead wire segment considerable freedom of movement within the limited space inside the loudspeaker, making its trajectory unpredictable and uncontrollable. This can lead to unintended contact or impacts between the lead wire and adjacent diaphragms, generating additional mechanical noise. Simultaneously, the intense wobble can disrupt the airflow within the loudspeaker's magnetic gap and the cavity behind the diaphragm, potentially interfering with the dominant acoustic wave and introducing unwanted aerodynamic noise. This results in a decrease in the purity of the output sound, leading to distortion or unusual noises. This problem is particularly pronounced in the design of high-power, long-stroke loudspeakers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a loudspeaker and electronic device that, through the synergistic effect of setting the position of the lead wire constraint point and limiting the active length L of the lead wire, ensures that the lead wire will neither be pulled apart nor excessively loosened and collided during the vibration stroke of the voice coil, thereby improving the fatigue life of the lead wire, eliminating collision noise, and improving the reliability of the loudspeaker.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a loudspeaker, including a vibration system and a fixed frame. The vibration system includes a voice coil and a lead wire. The lead wire has a first end connected to the voice coil and a second end connected to a lead wire end contact. The lead wire forms all or part of the connection path between the voice coil and a circuit board. In a stationary state, the first end of the voice coil is in a stationary position. In the loudspeaker, the voice coil has an upper limit position and a lower limit position in the vibration direction. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil is in the upper limit position and the stationary position is a first distance. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil is in the lower limit position and the stationary position is a second distance. A fixed frame is provided with lead wire constraint points, which are located between the voice coil and the lead wire end connection or on the lead wire end connection. When the first distance is greater than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located above the static position along the vibration direction; when the first distance is less than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located below the static position along the vibration direction; when the first distance is equal to the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located on either side of the static position along the vibration direction. The lead wire has a first connection point connected to the lead wire constraint point. The length of the lead wire between its first end and the first connection point is L, and the shortest straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during voice coil vibration is D. min The maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is D. max The height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface along the vibration direction of the voice coil is Δh. The limiting surface is located on the same side as the lead wire constraint point, between the two sides along the vibration direction at the rest position. Where, D max ≤L≤2*Δh+D min .

[0007] As can be seen from the above, this application sets and adjusts the relevant parameters of the lead wire (such as D) by setting lead wire constraint points. max and D min This allows for changes in the length boundary conditions. Combined with setting the length range between the first end and the first connection point of the lead wire, it provides physical boundaries and a margin of freedom for the lead wire's movement. The active length L of the lead wire is greater than or equal to the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point to meet the stroke requirements during voice coil vibration and prevent fatigue fracture or breakage due to lead wire stretching. The active length L of the lead wire is less than or equal to twice Δh and D. min The sum of these values ​​ensures that when the voice coil moves to the position closest to the lead wire constraint point, its remaining length (L minus the shortest straight distance between the first end and the first connection point) will not exceed twice the height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface. This ensures that during the swinging process of the lead wire as the voice coil vibrates, the highest point of the swing at any moment will not hit the limiting surface (e.g., the part of the diaphragm or frame located on the same side as the lead wire constraint point).

[0008] Furthermore, the position of the lead constraint point in the vibration direction in this application is set based on the upper and lower limits of the voice coil itself in the vibration direction, i.e., the physical limit space on both sides of the voice coil when it vibrates along the vibration direction, and the determination of the rest position. When the second distance is greater than the first distance, it means that when moving along the voice coil from the rest state towards the upper limit position, the distance that can be moved is smaller, and the lead is more likely to hit the surface in the direction of the upper limit position. When the second distance is less than the first distance, it means that when moving along the voice coil from the rest state towards the lower limit position, the distance that can be moved is smaller, and the lead is more likely to hit the surface in the direction of the lower limit position. Therefore, when the second distance is not equal to the first distance, the position of the lead constraint point in the vibration direction is set at a position relative to the rest. The side with a greater distance in the direction of the position is conducive to increasing the movement space of the lead wire in the vibration direction. When the voice coil moves from the vibration equilibrium point towards the limiting surface, the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point increases, and the maximum amplitude is reached at the position of maximum amplitude in that direction. This helps to reduce the risk of the wire hitting the limiting surface. If the lead wire constraint point is set in the opposite direction (e.g., the first distance is less than the second distance, and the lead wire constraint point is set above the vibration direction in the stationary position), when the voice coil vibrates towards the position of maximum amplitude closer to the lead wire constraint point, the height difference between the first end and the limiting surface on the same side as the lead wire constraint point is small. The risk of hitting the limiting surface on the same side as the lead wire constraint point increases, and the mass inertia increases, further aggravating the risk of shaking.

[0009] In summary, by setting lead wire constraint points and the synergistic effect of setting the position of the lead wire constraint points and limiting the active length L of the lead wire, the lead wire will neither be pulled apart nor excessively loosened and collided during the vibration stroke of the voice coil. This helps to improve the fatigue life of the lead wire, eliminate collision noise, and improve the reliability of the loudspeaker.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the lead constraint points are configured such that the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is equal when the voice coil is located at two maximum amplitude positions along its vibration direction.

[0011] As can be seen from the above, by adjusting the spatial position of the lead wire constraint point, this application ensures that when the voice coil is located at the two maximum amplitude positions, the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is the same, and the tension on the lead wire is equal. This is beneficial to make the swing trajectory of the lead wire symmetrical during the vibration of the voice coil, which in turn helps to reduce the torque generated by the asymmetrical swing of the lead wire on the voice coil. Moreover, the lead wire experiences symmetrical stress changes during the vibration period, which helps to reduce asymmetrical fatigue caused by unilateral force and improve the long-term service life of the lead wire.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the lead constraint point is configured such that D... max With D minThe difference is equal to or equal to the second threshold, which is determined based on the farthest and closest distances between the lead end and the first end.

[0013] As can be seen from the above, during the vibration of the voice coil, the linear distance between the first end and the first connection point changes by a factor of D. max With D min The difference, the difference and the voice coil are located at D respectively. max With D min The angle formed by the line connecting the first end and the first connection point at the correct position is related to the height of the angle. As the lead constraint point gets closer to the lead end contact (located between the voice coil and the lead end contact) or further away from the lead end contact (located on the lead end contact), this angle decreases, thus D... max With D min The smaller the difference, the more reasonable the difference will be within a small range, as the second threshold determined based on the position of the lead wire end connection and the maximum amplitude of the voice coil will keep the difference within a reasonable small range. In this way, by setting the amplitude of the change in the straight distance between the first end and the first connection point during the vibration of the voice coil, it is beneficial to reduce the inertial force generated by the weight of the lead wire itself, and further reduce the additional interference to the vibration of the voice coil.

[0014] In one possible implementation, when the lead constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead end connection point, the lead is divided into a swing segment and a fixed segment through the lead constraint point, and the swing segment is the lead segment between the first end and the first connection point, and the fixed segment is the lead segment between the first connection point and the second end.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the length of the lead between the first end and the first connection point satisfies: D max ≤L≤D max +k, where k is the redundancy error coefficient.

[0016] As shown above, the lead is constrained by the lead point and divided into a swing segment (from the first end to the first connection point) and a fixed segment (from the first connection point to the pad connection point). The length of the lead between the first end and the first connection point is set as D. max ≤L≤D max+k, during voice coil vibration, the lead wire is almost taut (without tension) at its farthest limit position. When the voice coil is closest to the lead wire constraint point, the lead wire margin is at its maximum (i.e., maximum straight-line distance - minimum straight-line distance). Setting the length from the first end to the first connection point as the maximum straight-line distance helps reduce the redundancy of the lead wire as it swings with the voice coil. Especially in practical applications, the lead wire length is often a predetermined size. While meeting the voice coil vibration amplitude requirements, the lead wire length is often redundant. Dividing the lead wire into two segments through the constraint point, and setting the length between the first end and the first connection point equal to the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during voice coil vibration, the redundant length can be set between the first connection point and the pad connection point. No lead wire trimming is required, and the redundant portion between the first connection point and the pad connection point during voice coil vibration will not cause interference. This improves the flexibility of setting the swing segment length in the lead wire, as well as the convenience and efficiency of assembly.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first connection point of the lead is connected and fixed to the lead constraint point by means of adhesive bonding, clamping, or fastener limiting.

[0018] As can be seen from the above, when the lead wire is divided into a swinging segment (from the first end to the first connection point) and a fixed segment (from the first connection point to the pad connection point) by the lead wire constraint point, the first connection point on the lead wire is connected and fixed to the lead wire constraint point by means of bonding, clamping and / or fixing parts. This facilitates the quick fixing of the lead wire to the lead wire constraint point during the assembly process. Especially in practical applications, the lead wire length is often a preset fixed size. After determining the length from the first end to the first connection point during the assembly process, the connection can be quickly fixed by bonding, clamping or fixing parts. There is no need for complex operations such as cutting or additional welding of the lead wire, which reduces the number of processes, reduces the assembly difficulty and failure rate. On the basis of improving the fatigue life of the lead wire, eliminating collision noise and improving the reliability of the speaker, it is beneficial to simplify the production assembly operations required to improve performance, improve assembly efficiency, and achieve a balance between speaker performance and assembly efficiency.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the lead constraint point is a fixed lead point that is fixedly mounted on a fixed frame or on a lead support extending from the fixed frame into the acoustic cavity.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the lead wire support is a support column that is fixed at one end to a fixed frame or extends from the fixed frame into the acoustic cavity, and the first connection point of the lead wire is fixed to the end of the support column.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the outer contour of the voice coil is racetrack-shaped.

[0022] As can be seen from the above, under the same amplitude, a racetrack-shaped voice coil can achieve higher power. When the loudspeaker needs to achieve the same rated power, using a racetrack-shaped voice coil is beneficial to reduce the vibration amplitude. As a result, the distance between the first end of the lead wire and the first connection point changes little during the vibration of the voice coil, which helps to reduce the mass inertia of the lead wire and thus reduce the interference caused by the oscillation of the lead wire to the voice coil.

[0023] In a second aspect, this application provides an electronic device, including a speaker as described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a loudspeaker provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 This is a perspective sectional view of a loudspeaker provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a loudspeaker provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a perspective view and a partial enlarged view of a speaker housing provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this application provides a loudspeaker 10. The loudspeaker 10 includes a vibration system 11, a fixed frame 12, and a circuit board 13. The vibration system 11 vibrates back and forth along the Z-axis direction (an example of a vibration direction). The fixed frame 12 includes a loudspeaker housing 122 and a magnetic circuit system 123. The housing 122 is composed of three separate components: a frame 1221, a first U-shaped magnetic return 1222, and a second U-shaped magnetic return 1223. The magnetic circuit system includes a magnet 1232 and a magnetic guide plate 1231 (such as a washer or a magnet). The vibration system 11 vibrates back and forth relative to the magnetic circuit system 123 along the Z-axis direction.

[0027] In this embodiment of the application, the vibration system 11 includes two voice coils 111, leads 112, a spider 113, and a diaphragm 114. The diaphragm 114, the spider 113, and the voice coils 111 are directly glued together. The voice coils 111 are electrically connected to the pads of the circuit board 13 through the leads 111, thereby realizing the transmission of electrical signals between the drive circuit and the voice coils.

[0028] In this embodiment, two voice coils 111 are respectively placed in corresponding magnetic gaps and connected to a circuit board 13 via leads 112. The circuit board 13 is located between the two voice coils 111, and the surface of the circuit board 13 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the voice coils 111. The two voice coils 111 are arranged in a line along the long axis of the loudspeaker and act together on the diaphragm 114. Each voice coil 111 is on a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis, and its outer contour is racetrack-shaped (i.e., composed of two parallel straight line segments and semi-circular arcs at both ends). The long axis of the outer contour of the voice coil 111 is parallel to the long axis of the loudspeaker 10.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, lead 112 has a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the coil of voice coil 111, and the second end of lead 112 is connected to the soldering point of the pad on circuit board 13 (an example of lead end contact). Lead 112 constitutes the entire connection path between voice coil 111 and pad on circuit board 13.

[0030] In this embodiment of the application, a lead wire constraint point is provided on the fixed frame. Specifically, the lead wire constraint point is a point on the lead wire support 121 fixed to the housing 122 for constraining and fixing the lead wire 112. The lead wire support 121 extends from the housing 122 along the Z-axis into the sound cavity, and a groove 1211 is provided at the end of the lead wire support 121. The first connection point of the lead wire 112 is clamped in the groove 1211 and further bonded by adhesive.

[0031] Specifically, the lead constraint point is located between the voice coil 111 and the pad on the circuit board 13. The lead 112 is fixed by the lead constraint point, thereby dividing the lead 112 into: a swing segment with a length of L between the first end and the first connection point, and a fixed segment between the first connection point and the second end.

[0032] In this embodiment of the application, the first end of the voice coil 111 is in a stationary position when it is at rest. In the loudspeaker, the voice coil 111 has an upper limit position and a lower limit position in the vibration direction. The upper limit position and the lower limit position need to be determined based on the structure of the loudspeaker and are the physical limit space of the vibration of the voice coil 111. Specifically, in this embodiment, the lower limit position is determined based on the distance between the lower surface of the voice coil 111 and the U-shaped magnetic return in the Z-axis direction, and the distance between the first end and the frame 1121 in the Z-axis direction. The upper limit position is determined based on the distance between the upper surface of the voice coil 111 and the diaphragm 114 in the Z-axis direction. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil 111 is in the upper limit position and the stationary position is the first distance. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil 111 is in the lower limit position and the stationary position is the second distance. When the first distance is greater than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is set above the stationary position along the vibration direction. When the first distance is less than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is set below the stationary position along the vibration direction. When the first distance is equal to the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is set on any side of the stationary position along the vibration direction. Specifically, the upper limit position of the voice coil 111 in the Z-axis direction is the maximum movable position of the voice coil 111 when it vibrates in the positive direction of the Z-axis, and the lower limit position is the maximum movable position of the voice coil 111 when it vibrates in the negative direction of the Z-axis. The distance along the Z-axis between the position of the first end when the voice coil 111 is in the upper limit position and the rest position is the first distance. The distance along the Z-axis between the position of the first end when the voice coil 111 is in the lower limit position and the rest position is the second distance. The first distance is equal to the second distance. The voice coil 111 can move the same distance in the negative direction of the Z-axis during vibration. The lead wire constraint point can be set below the rest position along the Z-axis direction.Under normal circumstances, when the voice coil 111 is at rest, it will have a rest point due to the action of the spider 113 and the diaphragm 114. Ideally (i.e., the elasticity of the spider and diaphragm is normal), this rest point is often the vibration equilibrium point of the voice coil 111. In a loudspeaker, when the second distance is greater than the first distance, it means that when the voice coil 111 moves from its rest state towards the upper limit position, the distance it can move is smaller, and the lead wire is more likely to hit the limiting surface in the direction of the upper limit position. When the second distance is less than the first distance, it means that when the voice coil 111 moves from its rest state towards the lower limit position, the distance it can move is smaller, and the lead wire is more likely to hit the limiting surface on the same side as the lower limit position. Therefore, when the second distance is not equal to the first distance, the position of the lead wire constraint point in the vibration direction... Setting the lead wire on the side with a greater distance in the relatively static position helps to increase the movement space of the lead wire in the vibration direction. When the voice coil 111 moves from the vibration equilibrium point towards the limiting surface, the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point increases, and the maximum amplitude is reached at the position of maximum amplitude in that direction. This helps to reduce the risk of the lead wire hitting the limiting surface. If the lead wire constraint point is set in the opposite direction (e.g., the first distance is less than the second distance, and the lead wire constraint point is set above the static position along the vibration direction), when the voice coil 111 vibrates towards the position of maximum amplitude closer to the lead wire constraint point, the height difference between the first end and the limiting surface on the same side as the lead wire constraint point is smaller. The risk of hitting the limiting surface on the same side as the lead wire constraint point increases, and the mass inertia increases, further aggravating the risk of shaking.

[0033] In this embodiment of the application, the length L of the swing segment satisfies D. max ≤L≤2*Δh+D min , where D max D is the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during the vibration of the voice coil 111. min Δh is the shortest straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during the vibration of the voice coil 111. Δh is the height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface along the vibration direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, the limiting surface is the surface in the frame located directly between the first end and the first connection point.

[0034] In this embodiment of the application, lead constraint points are set to adjust relevant parameters of the lead (such as D). max and D min This leads to changes in the boundary conditions of the length, due to the variation range D of the straight-line distance between the first end of the lead and the first connection point. max and D minThe position of the lead wire is determined by both the voice coil trajectory and the position of the lead wire constraint point. By changing the position of the lead wire constraint point (same side, height, horizontal offset), we can actively adjust these two values. Combined with setting the length range between the first end of the lead wire and the first connection point, this provides a physical boundary and margin of movement for the lead wire. The lead wire's movable length L is greater than or equal to the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point, ensuring that the lead wire is not too short when the voice coil moves to its farthest point, avoiding fatigue fracture or breakage due to stretching. The lead wire's movable length L is set so that when the voice coil moves to its closest position to the lead wire constraint point, its remaining length (L minus the shortest straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point) will not exceed twice the height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface. This ensures that during the oscillation of the lead wire with the voice coil vibration, the highest point of the oscillation at any moment will not hit the limiting surface.

[0035] In this embodiment of the application, the synergistic effect of the lead wire constraint point's location and the lead wire's travel length L ensures that the lead wire 112, during its travel with the voice coil 111, will neither break nor become excessively loose and collide with other components. This improves the lead wire's fatigue life, eliminates collision noise, and thus enhances the speaker's reliability. Furthermore, it helps to balance speaker performance improvement with selection and production processes. For medium-to-high power speakers, such as those with a rated power greater than or equal to 5 watts, the voice coil amplitude is typically large, resulting in significant variations in the linear distance traveled by the lead wire. The lead wire's oscillation inertia increases with the voice coil amplitude. This lead wire constraint point prevents transient distortion or voice coil misalignment caused by the large inertia of the lead wire, making it particularly suitable for high-power speakers and contributing to improved long-term reliability.

[0036] In scenarios where multiple voice coils act on the same diaphragm and vibrate collaboratively, the equilibrium point, stroke, and maximum amplitude of each voice coil are typically required to be highly consistent. By setting the length of the lead wires between the first end and the first connection point, the maximum tension and maximum slack of each lead wire during its respective stroke are limited to almost the same range. This reduces the possibility of inconsistent lengths between the first end and the first connection point, where one lead wire is tightened while another is excessively slack. This would cause different additional tensions on each voice coil at its limit position, resulting in asymmetrical force on the voice coil and potentially causing voice coil torsion or diaphragm split vibration. In the embodiments of this application, the additional force on each voice coil from the lead wires is basically consistent, which helps to improve the symmetry of the force on the voice coils and reduce distortion caused by inconsistent lead wire behavior. Moreover, in a multi-voice coil environment, by setting the lead wire length, it is beneficial to reduce the oscillation inertia of each lead wire while avoiding hitting the limiting surface, reducing the cumulative force on the diaphragm, and thus improving the transient response fidelity of the loudspeaker. Furthermore, in actual production, the length of each lead wire is often a predetermined size. After the two ends of the lead wire are soldered to the voice coil and the lead wire end connector respectively, the assembly personnel can fix the lead wire at the constraint point according to the set swing segment length. The redundant length is retained in the fixed segment, which allows for rapid assembly without the need for individual cutting or customization of the lead wire. Moreover, it helps to improve the accuracy and consistency of the swing segment length of all leads, simplifies the lead wire assembly process, and improves the consistency of the behavior of each lead wire, thereby increasing assembly efficiency and product yield.

[0037] It should be noted that the limiting surface is the nearest surface that the lead wire may collide with when it swings. The limiting surface is located on one side of the two sides along the vibration direction at the stationary position, which is the same as the lead wire constraint point. In this embodiment of the application, the limiting surface is a diaphragm. In other embodiments of the application, the limiting surface can be a basin frame, a housing, or other components, depending on the actual situation.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the present application, the length L of the lead wire 112 between the first end and the first connection point is set to be exactly equal to the maximum straight-line distance D between the first end and the first connection point during the vibration of the voice coil. max (i.e., L=D) max This design minimizes lead wire redundancy and suppresses lead wire wobbling to the greatest extent possible. Furthermore, since the fixed section does not wobble with the voice coil vibration, excess lead wire length can be placed in the fixed section, eliminating the need for complex operations such as lead wire cutting or soldering, thus greatly simplifying the assembly process.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the length L of the lead 112 between the first end and the first connection point is set to be equal to D. maxIn practical applications, due to installation errors, environmental factors, and usage effects, such as changes in lead wire length caused by ambient temperature, stretching, and time, as well as installation errors, the length L of lead wire 112 between the first end and the first connection point is not necessarily strictly equal to D. max Therefore, the preferred length of the lead wire between the first end and the first connection point satisfies: D max ≤L≤D max +k, where k is the redundancy error coefficient. The parameter is determined based on tests conducted by the developers and includes the expansion and contraction tolerances of the lead material caused by environmental changes and the installation tolerances. Specifically, it can be equal to the sum of the lead material's temperature-based expansion and contraction allowance, dynamic fatigue elongation allowance, and installation tolerances.

[0040] During voice coil vibration, the lead wire is just taut (without tension) at the farthest limit position of the voice coil. The lead wire margin is maximized (i.e., maximum straight-line distance - minimum straight-line distance) when the voice coil is closest to the lead wire constraint point. Setting the length from the first end to the first connection point as the maximum straight-line distance helps reduce the redundancy of the lead wire as it swings with the voice coil. Especially in practical applications, the lead wire length is often a predetermined size. While the lead wire length meets the voice coil vibration amplitude requirements, it is often redundant. Dividing the lead wire into two segments through the constraint point, and setting the length between the first end and the first connection point equal to the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during voice coil vibration, the redundant length can be set between the first connection point and the pad connection point. This eliminates the need for lead wire trimming, and the redundant portion between the first connection point and the pad connection point during voice coil vibration will not cause interference. This improves the flexibility of setting the swing segment length in the lead wire, as well as the convenience and efficiency of assembly.

[0041] In this embodiment of the application, when L=D max Based on this, the lead wire constraint point is configured such that when the voice coil 111 is located at two maximum amplitude positions along its vibration direction, the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is equal. That is, the straight-line distance between two points at any maximum amplitude position is the maximum straight-line distance, where L is this maximum straight-line distance. Minimizing the length between the first end and the first connection point helps to further reduce the redundancy of the lead wire when it swings with the voice coil. Moreover, when the voice coil is located at two maximum amplitude positions, the length between the first end and the first connection point on the lead wire is the same, the tension on the lead wire is equal, and the force on the lead wire is symmetrical when the voice coil vibrates. This helps to further eliminate the problem of asymmetrical force distribution on the lead wire, making the lead wire swing trajectory more symmetrical, and thus further improving the fatigue life of the lead wire.

[0042] In this embodiment of the application, the lead wire constraint point is further configured such that, during the vibration of the voice coil 111, the maximum straight-line distance D between the first end and the first connection point is maximized.max and the shortest straight-line distance D min The difference is less than the second threshold, which is determined based on the farthest and closest straight-line distances between the lead-end contact and the first end. Specifically, when the lead constraint point is located on the lead-end contact, the second threshold is based on the limit position that the solder point (i.e., the lead-end contact) can be set to obtain the farthest and closest straight-line distances between the lead-end contact and the first end. When the lead-end contact is set, the farthest and closest straight-line distances between the lead-end contact and the first end are determined as the voice coil vibrates. When the lead constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead-end contact, based on the farthest and closest straight-line distances between the solder point (i.e., the lead-end contact) and the first end, the maximum straight-line distance D between the first end and the first connection point is determined as the lead constraint point gets closer to the lead-end contact (the lead constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead-end contact), or the lead-end contact is farther from the voice coil in the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis. max and the shortest straight-line distance D min The smaller the angle formed by the corresponding lines, the better D. max and D min The smaller the difference, the better to use D. max and D min Minimize the difference. Since the active length L of the lead wire is fixed during the voice coil vibration (often determined after the speaker assembly is complete), by setting the position of the lead wire constraint point (e.g., height along the Z-axis (i.e., vibration direction), horizontal offset, etc.), D can be minimized. min Get as close to D as possible max This minimizes the lead length L margin when the voice coil is closest to the lead constraint point, which helps to further reduce the lead oscillation amplitude and thus improve the lead fatigue life. Simultaneously, because the change in the linear distance between the first end and the first connection point is minimized during voice coil vibration, the lead length L margin is also minimized when the voice coil is closest to the lead constraint point, which helps to reduce the inertial force generated by the lead's own weight and further reduce additional interference to the voice coil vibration.

[0043] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the loudspeaker has two voice coils, the housing 122 is assembled from three separate frames, and the magnets and magnetic conductors in the magnetic circuit system are arranged vertically. Alternatively, in other embodiments of this application, the loudspeaker may have one or other voice coils, and the voice coil housing 122 may also be a single piece. The magnetic circuit system can be arranged according to requirements. Existing design methods are all within the protection scope of this application and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] It should be noted that in this embodiment of the application, the circuit board 13 is arranged perpendicular to the vibration direction of the voice coil 111 (i.e., the surface of the circuit board 13 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the voice coil 111), and there is only one circuit board 13, located between the two voice coils 111. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the application, the circuit board 13 can be arranged in any direction, for example, the circuit board can be arranged parallel to the vibration direction of the voice coil, or inclined relative to the vibration direction of the voice coil. There can also be multiple circuit boards. For example, if there are two voice coils, two circuit boards can be arranged separately; if there are three voice coils, two or three circuit boards can be arranged separately. The circuit boards can also be arranged in different positions, which is not limited here.

[0045] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the lead wire support 121 is fixedly connected to the housing. Alternatively, in other embodiments of this application, the lead wire support can be fixedly connected to the magnetic plate.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, the lead wire support 121 extends from the housing 122 into the sound cavity and is an integral part of the housing 122. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the application, the lead wire support can be a separate part from the fixed frame, with one end fixedly installed on the fixed frame and the other end (end) fixed with the lead wire.

[0047] In this embodiment of the application, the end of the lead wire support portion 121 is provided with a groove 1211, which clamps and adheres the lead wire. Further adhesion and fixation based on the groove clamping improves the stability of the speaker during use, especially in high-power speakers where the voice coil vibrates significantly, preventing the lead wire from swinging and falling off. Optionally, in other embodiments of the application, the end of the lead wire support portion 121 may also be provided with a barb, a wire hole, or the end of the lead wire support portion 121 may be directly made into a plane. Optionally, in other embodiments of the application, the lead wire can be fixed to the lead wire constraint point by adhesion, such as using UV-curable adhesive; or by clamping, such as setting the groove size to match the lead wire size to clamp and hold the lead wire in place; or by using elastic claws; or by fixing with a fastener, such as cable ties or buckles. Preferably, the first connection point is connected and fixed to the lead wire constraint point by means of bonding, clamping, and / or fixing. This facilitates quick fixing of the lead wire to the lead wire constraint point during assembly. Especially in practical applications, the lead wire length is often a predetermined size. After determining the length from the first end to the first connection point during assembly, the connection can be quickly fixed by bonding, clamping, or fixing. This eliminates the need for complex operations such as cutting or additional welding of the lead wire, reducing the number of steps, lowering the assembly difficulty and failure rate. In addition to improving the fatigue life of the lead wire, eliminating collision noise, and improving the reliability of the speaker, it also simplifies the production assembly operations required to improve performance, improves assembly efficiency, and achieves a balance between speaker performance and assembly efficiency, making it particularly suitable for mass production.

[0048] In this embodiment of the application, the lead constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead end connection point. The lead 112 is divided into two segments via the lead constraint point: a swing segment with a length of L between the first end and the first connection point, and a fixed segment between the first connection point and the second end. The lead constitutes the entire connection path between the voice coil and the pads on the circuit board. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the application, the lead constitutes a partial connection path between the voice coil and the pads on the circuit board. The second end of the lead is connected to the circuit board through other metal conductive segments, thereby achieving electrical connection with the pads. In this embodiment, the lead is divided into a swing segment and a fixed segment via the lead constraint point. The swing segment is the lead segment between the first end and the first connection point, and the fixed segment is the lead segment between the first connection point and the second end. In practical applications, the lead length is often a predetermined size. While the lead length meets the requirements of the voice coil vibration amplitude, the lead length is often redundant. By dividing the lead into two segments through the lead constraint point, and setting the length between the first end and the first connection point to be equal to the maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during the voice coil vibration, the redundant length can be set between the first connection point and the pad connection point. There is no need to cut the lead, and the redundant part set between the first connection point and the pad connection point during the voice coil vibration will not cause interference. This is beneficial to improving the flexibility of setting the length of the swing segment in the lead, as well as the convenience and efficiency of assembly.

[0049] Alternatively, in other embodiments of this application, the lead constraint point can also be located on the lead terminal, that is, the lead constraint point coincides with the lead terminal, the second end is the first connection point, and at least one metal conductive segment can be provided between the lead terminal and the circuit board pad to achieve electrical connection.

[0050] In this embodiment of the application, there are two voice coils, and the outer contour of the voice coils is racetrack-shaped. Optionally, in other embodiments of the application, there may be one or other voice coils, and the outer contour of the voice coils may be circular or other shapes. Preferably, the outer contour of the loudspeaker perpendicular to the vibration direction is set to racetrack-shaped. Under the same amplitude, the racetrack-shaped voice coil can achieve higher power. When the loudspeaker needs to achieve the same rated power, using a racetrack-shaped voice coil is beneficial to reduce the vibration amplitude. As a result, the distance between the first end of the lead wire and the first connection point changes little during the vibration of the voice coil, which is beneficial to reduce the mass inertia of the lead wire and thus reduce the interference of the lead wire swing on the voice coil. Especially for elongated multi-voice coil loudspeakers, the longer long axis of the voice coils allows multiple voice coils to be closely arranged along the long axis of the loudspeaker, maximizing the use of the long axis space. With the same long axis size, this shape design is advantageous for accommodating voice coils with higher power, or for reducing the number of voice coils (e.g., from 3 to 2) while achieving the same power. When the number of voice coils is reduced, the number of leads is reduced accordingly. With the power remaining unchanged, it is advantageous to reduce the number of leads, thereby reducing lead interference and the space occupied by lead constraint points.

[0051] In this embodiment of the application, the loudspeaker 10 further includes a surround portion 14, which connects the edge of the diaphragm 114 to the housing 122 and provides clearance space for the vibration of the spider 113. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the application, the surround portion may be omitted, and the edge of the diaphragm 114 may be directly fixedly connected to the housing 122.

[0052] Embodiment 2 of this application provides an electronic device that includes the speaker 10 described in the preceding embodiments. This electronic device can be any device that requires sound output, such as a smartphone, tablet, laptop, smart speaker, television, car audio system, or headphones. By employing the speaker provided in this application, the electronic device can avoid lead wire collision noise during high-volume, long-stroke operation, achieving a purer, distortion-free sound quality. Simultaneously, the reliability and lifespan of the product are significantly improved.

[0053] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker comprising a vibration system and a fixed frame, the vibration system comprising a voice coil and a lead wire, the lead wire having a first end connected to the voice coil and a second end connected to a lead wire end contact, the lead wire forming all or part of a connection path between the voice coil and a circuit board, characterized in that: When the voice coil is stationary, its first end is in a stationary position. In the loudspeaker, the voice coil has an upper limit position and a lower limit position in the vibration direction. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil is in the upper limit position and the stationary position is a first distance. The distance along the vibration direction between the position of the first end when the voice coil is in the lower limit position and the stationary position is a second distance. A lead wire constraint point is provided on the fixed frame. The lead wire constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead wire end connection point or on the lead wire end connection point. When the first distance is greater than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located above the stationary position along the vibration direction. When the first distance is less than the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located below the stationary position along the vibration direction. When the first distance is equal to the second distance, the lead wire constraint point is located on either side of the stationary position along the vibration direction. The lead wire has a first connection point connected to the lead wire constraint point. The length of the lead wire between the first end and the first connection point is L. The shortest straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point during the voice coil vibration is D. min The maximum straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is D. max The height difference between the first connection point and the limiting surface along the vibration direction of the voice coil is Δh. The limiting surface is located on the same side as the lead wire constraint point, between the two sides of the stationary position along the vibration direction. max ≤L≤2*Δh+D min .

2. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead constraint point is configured such that when the voice coil is located at the two maximum amplitude positions along its vibration direction, the straight-line distance between the first end and the first connection point is equal.

3. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead constraint point is configured such that, during the vibration of the voice coil, D... max With D min The difference is less than or equal to a second threshold, which is determined based on the farthest distance and the closest distance between the lead end and the first end.

4. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the lead wire constraint point is located between the voice coil and the lead wire end connection point, the lead wire is divided into a swing segment and a fixed segment through the lead wire constraint point, and the swing segment is the lead wire segment between the first end and the first connection point, and the fixed segment is the lead wire segment between the first connection point and the second end.

5. The loudspeaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the lead wire between the first end and the first connection point satisfies: D max ≤L≤D max +k, where k is the redundancy error coefficient.

6. The loudspeaker according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first connection point of the lead wire is connected and fixed to the lead wire constraint point by one of the following methods: bonding, clamping, fixing element limiting, clamping and bonding.

7. The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The lead wire constraint point is one of the following two types: (1) a point fixedly installed on the fixed frame to fix the lead wire; (2) a point on the lead wire support extending from the fixed frame into the acoustic cavity to fix the lead wire.

8. The loudspeaker according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lead wire support and the fixed frame are separate components. The lead wire support is a pillar with one end fixedly installed on the fixed frame and the other end being the end; or, the lead wire support and the fixed frame are an integral component. The lead wire support is a pillar extending from the fixed frame into the acoustic cavity, with the end of the pillar away from the fixed frame being the end; the first connection point of the lead wire is fixed to the end of the pillar.

9. The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The outer contour of the voice coil is racetrack shaped.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the loudspeaker as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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