A method, system, device and medium for automatic seasoning of radio frequency cavities based on a standardized parallel architecture

Abstract

The application discloses a radio frequency cavity automatic seasoning method, system, device and medium based on a standardized parallel architecture, comprising: taking a radio frequency cavity as a basic control unit, and allocating an independent seasoning control unit for each radio frequency cavity; configuring radio frequency seasoning parameters and initializing the running state of the radio frequency cavity; performing phased radio frequency power promotion based on a state machine control strategy, realizing step-by-step transition seasoning of the radio frequency cavity from low-power narrow pulse width to high-power continuous wave; collecting running parameters in real time during the seasoning process, and performing abnormality detection; when an abnormality or interlock protection triggering is detected, performing automatic recovery operation, and continuing to enter the seasoning process after meeting the recovery condition, and simultaneously, recording and monitoring the running state and event information in the seasoning process in real time. Therefore, by using the parallel control architecture taking the radio frequency cavity as a basic unit, the application realizes synchronous execution of the seasoning process of multiple cavities, and significantly improves the overall seasoning efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency control and automation technology for particle accelerators, specifically to an automatic aging method, system, device, and medium for radio frequency cavities based on a standardized parallel architecture. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of large-scale scientific projects such as high-energy physics experiments, light source devices, and accelerator drive systems, particle accelerators are rapidly evolving towards high-current, high-power, and continuous-wave operation. Modern large-scale accelerator facilities typically contain dozens or even hundreds of superconducting or room-temperature radio frequency cavities, and their stability and reliability directly determine the performance and availability of the entire accelerator. These radio frequency cavities must withstand high-gradient electric fields and high-power inputs; a failure in any single cavity can lead to the interruption of the entire accelerator chain, causing experimental delays and wasted resources.

[0003] RF conditioning is an essential aging process before an RF cavity is put into operation. Its purpose is to gradually eliminate micro-protrusions and contaminants on the inner surface of the cavity and the surface of high-frequency components by gradually increasing the input RF power, under the action of field emission or secondary electron multiplication effect. This improves the cavity's breakdown threshold, suppresses the multiple electron multiplication effect, and ultimately achieves stable operation at the target power level. This process usually involves gradually transitioning from a low-power pulse mode to a continuous wave mode, monitoring key parameters such as vacuum level, field strength, reflected power, and temperature to ensure uniform aging of the cavity surface.

[0004] Currently, radio frequency aging processes typically rely on feedback signals based on physical parameters such as vacuum, field strength, and reflected power for monitoring and control, and employ interlocking protection mechanisms to address sudden anomalies. However, traditional aging methods face serious efficiency and scalability bottlenecks: First, recovery after anomalies depends entirely on manual intervention. Operators must continuously monitor and supervise, and once events such as discharge (arcing), vacuum anomalies, or power source output anomalies occur, manual analysis, judgment, and manual restoration of the faulty parts are required. This not only increases the risk of human error but also prolongs recovery time (sometimes by several hours). Second, due to human resource limitations, traditional manual monitoring cannot effectively manage the parallel aging processes of dozens of cavities simultaneously, severely restricting the implementation of large-scale aging. This is especially true in large-scale projects such as the China Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), where the low efficiency of simultaneous aging of multiple cavities has become a bottleneck.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated system and method that can support parallel radio frequency training and has anomaly detection and automatic recovery capabilities, so as to improve training efficiency, reduce the need for manual intervention, and ensure the safety and reliability of the high-power radio frequency cavity training process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, device, and medium for automatic RF cavity aging based on a standardized parallel architecture. Through a state machine-driven staged power control strategy, it achieves parallel execution, autonomous anomaly handling, and continuous stable operation of the multi-cavity aging process.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic aging method for radio frequency cavities based on a standardized parallel architecture, comprising: The radio frequency cavity is used as the basic control unit, and an independent aging control unit is assigned to each radio frequency cavity; Configure RF aging parameters and initialize the operating status of the RF cavity; The RF power is increased in stages based on the state machine control strategy, so as to realize the gradual transition and aging of the RF cavity from low power narrow pulse width to high power continuous wave. During the aging process, operational parameters are collected in real time, and anomalies are detected. When an anomaly or cascading protection is detected, an automatic recovery operation is performed, and the aging process continues after the recovery conditions are met. At the same time, the running status and event information during the aging process are recorded and monitored in real time.

[0008] In some possible implementations, a phased RF power boost is performed based on a state machine control strategy to achieve a gradual transition aging of the RF cavity from low-power narrow pulse width to high-power continuous wave, specifically: Initialization state: RF signal is set to zero, waiting for "Start" to be triggered; Power increase state: Starting from the initial pulse width, gradually increase AmpDrive. If the power reaches the stage target, wait for the set time to stabilize before entering the "next pulse width". The sub-stage pulse width increases and the power continues to increase until all RF cavities reach the target power. Power reduction state: If ignition causes a rapid deterioration of vacuum, immediately reduce power or adjust the pulse width back to the set step size, recheck the state until it stabilizes, and return to the power increase state. Rapid power boost state: After an anomaly is recovered, the power of the previous stage is quickly restored to avoid repeating the low power zone and accelerate the overall process.

[0009] In some possible implementations, operating parameters are collected in real time during the aging process, and anomaly detection is performed, specifically as follows: Detection phase: The PV callback processor determines whether the running parameters exceed the threshold; Recovery phase: Pause power increase, monitor operating parameters, and wait for normal operation to resume; after successful recovery, resume power increase and continue the aging process.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention also provides an automatic aging system for radio frequency cavities based on a standardized parallel architecture. The system adopts a layered architecture design, including a bottom-level control framework, a middle-level automatic aging control module, and a top-level visualization interaction module. The underlying control framework is used to establish a connection with the physical devices of the RF cavity through the EPICS IOC and read device status data in real time; The intermediate layer automatic aging control module is used to perform staged RF power boosting based on a state machine control strategy, and to realize the aging process of the RF cavity in parallel. The top-level visual interaction module enables interaction with users based on the human-computer interaction interface.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the underlying control framework includes a device control interface, a real-time data acquisition module, distributed control components, and an anomaly monitoring base layer, wherein: The device control interface is used to establish connections with various physical devices of the radio frequency superconducting cavity system through the EPICS IOC, and to define and manage various control PVs and monitoring PVs; The real-time data acquisition module is used to read device status data in real time with millisecond-level precision using the EPICS channel access protocol; The distributed control component defines device data as process variables (PVs) and publishes them. PVs are shared and synchronized through the network. Upper-layer applications can access the PVs of any node through the CA interface based on the EPICS channel access CA protocol, enabling distributed deployment of multiple devices and nodes. The anomaly monitoring base layer is used to quickly detect abnormal device states by comparing real-time changes in PV with thresholds.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the intermediate layer automatic aging control module implements distributed parallel processing with the cavity as the basic unit. The aging of a single cavity is divided into three independent threads: automatic aging thread, exception detection thread, and automatic recovery thread. When the exception detection thread detects an exception or the automatic recovery thread fails to recover the Arc chain, the automatic aging thread will be interrupted. Automatic aging will continue after the exception is handled or the Arc chain is recovered.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the intermediate layer automatic aging control module includes a configuration information loading module, a cavity module, a radio frequency training module, an anomaly detection module, and an automatic recovery module, wherein: The configuration information loading module configures the RF cavity according to the pre-configured parameter information and initializes the RF cavity state. The cavity module is used to independently allocate processes for each RF cavity that needs to be automatically aged. Each process includes an automatic aging thread, an anomaly detection thread, and an automatic recovery thread, and supports parallel execution of multiple cavities. The radio frequency training module enters the automatic aging thread to execute the staged power boost logic, realizing automatic aging from narrow pulse to continuous mode. The anomaly detection module enters the anomaly detection thread to detect different anomalies in the normal temperature aging mode and the low temperature aging mode to ensure the safety and reliability of the operation during the power ramp-up phase. It iteratively executes in the automatic aging thread, waiting for the start event and non-abnormal event flags before continuing to increase the power. Once an abnormal event occurs, the aging will be stopped. The automatic recovery module enters the automatic recovery thread. When an anomaly or cascading protection is detected, it performs an automatic recovery operation and continues to enter the automatic aging thread after the recovery conditions are met.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the top-level visual interactive interface is a cross-platform human-computer interaction interface developed based on Phoebus, which displays the PV data, exercise progress and equipment status information of each cavity in real time; and supports flexible settings of exercise process, target power and monitoring threshold; supports centralized monitoring and management of multi-cavity joint exercise of multiple modules, and each radio frequency cavity can be started, stopped and configured independently; at the same time, it provides a variety of display components to realize multi-dimensional visualization of operation data.

[0015] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, the instructions being executed by the processor to enable the processor to perform any of the methods.

[0016] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, characterized in that the one or more programs include computer instructions for causing a computer to perform any one of the methods.

[0017] Because the present invention adopts the above technical solution, it has the following characteristics: 1. This invention achieves synchronous execution of multi-cavity curing processes through a parallel control architecture based on radio frequency cavities, significantly improving overall curing efficiency; 2. This invention achieves autonomous anomaly handling during the radio frequency aging process through the coordinated operation of the anomaly detection module and the automatic recovery module, thereby reducing the frequency of manual intervention. 3. This invention improves the stability and safety of the RF power boosting process through a state machine-driven staged power control strategy; 4. This invention constructs a standardized parallel aging architecture with the radio frequency cavity as the basic control unit, and introduces an independent and cooperative automatic aging module, an anomaly detection module and an automatic recovery module in each cavity control unit. It adopts a modular and hierarchical design, which has good scalability and adaptability and is suitable for different types of radio frequency cavities and application scenarios. 5. This invention provides a unified visual operation interface and complete data management functions, reduces operation complexity, supports experimental optimization and decision analysis, and achieves intuitive monitoring through curves and alarms; 6. This invention proposes a standardized radio frequency training architecture. Through integrated hardware design, intelligent software algorithms and standardized operating procedures, it realizes automated control, real-time monitoring, rapid protection and automatic recovery of the radio frequency cavity training process, which significantly improves the efficiency of radio frequency training and system reliability. The architecture is compatible with the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) framework, supports distributed deployment, and is suitable for various scenarios from laboratory prototypes to industrial-grade accelerators. In summary, this invention can be widely applied to the automatic aging of superconducting or room-temperature radio frequency cavities. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a functional structure diagram of the intermediate layer automatic aging control module for a single radio frequency cavity in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the automatic RF cavity curing system in an embodiment of the present invention, showing three independent processes in single-cavity curing, including automatic curing, anomaly detection, and automatic recovery.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the staged aging control process for the radio frequency cavity in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anomaly detection process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic recovery process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interface of the visual interaction module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the radio frequency cavity aging state machine in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an initialization state, a power increase state, a rapid power increase state, and a power decrease state. The different states are transitioned between each other by corresponding conditions (such as power threshold and abnormal trigger).

[0025] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0027] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0028] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "above," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure.

[0029] To address the problems of low automation, insufficient parallel processing capabilities, and limited anomaly response efficiency in existing RF cavity curing processes, this invention provides a method, system, device, and medium for automatic RF cavity curing based on a standardized parallel architecture. The method includes: using the RF cavity as the basic control unit, allocating an independent curing control unit to each RF cavity; loading RF curing parameters and initializing the cavity's operating state; implementing a phased RF power increase based on a state machine control strategy to achieve a gradual transition of the RF cavity from low-power narrow pulse width to high-power continuous wave; real-time acquisition of operating parameters such as RF power, vacuum level, and temperature during the curing process, and anomaly detection; automatic recovery operation when an anomaly is detected or a cascading protection is triggered, and continuation of the curing process after the recovery conditions are met; and recording and monitoring of the operating status and event information during the curing process. Therefore, this invention supports parallel operation of multiple cavities, possesses anomaly detection and automatic recovery capabilities, and enables unattended parallel automatic curing of multiple RF cavities.

[0030] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0031] Example 1: The radio frequency superconducting cavity system is an extremely complex system, including subsystems such as the radio frequency cavity, vacuum system, cryogenic system, power source, and low-level circuit. The different subsystems are connected by EPICS as the underlying control framework, achieving real-time communication and control with hardware devices through process variables (PV). The radio frequency cavity automatic aging system based on a standardized parallel architecture provided in this example adopts a layered architecture design, including an EPICS-based underlying control framework, an intermediate-layer automatic aging control module for implementing automatic and intelligent aging, and a top-layer visualization and interaction module. This layered design ensures the system's modularity and maintainability; the bottom layer focuses on hardware abstraction, the middle layer handles logical decision-making, and the top layer emphasizes user interaction. The underlying control framework is used to establish connections with various physical devices of the radio frequency superconducting cavity system through the EPICS IOC (Input / Output Controller) and to read device status data in real time; The intermediate layer automatic aging control module is used to perform staged RF power boosting based on a state machine control strategy, and to realize the aging process of multiple RF cavities in parallel. The top-level visual interaction module enables interaction with users based on the human-computer interaction interface.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the underlying control framework includes a device control interface, a real-time data acquisition module, a distributed control component, and an anomaly monitoring base layer, wherein: The device control interface establishes connections with various physical devices in the RF superconducting cavity system, such as RF cavity, solid-state power source, vacuum gauge, temperature sensor, coupler, level gauge, and pressure gauge, through EPICS IOC, and defines and manages various control PVs and monitoring PVs. The real-time data acquisition module utilizes the EPICS Channel Access (CA) protocol to read device status data in real time with millisecond-level precision, including key parameters such as RF cavity forward and reflected power, solid-state power source forward and reflected power, cavity field strength, vacuum level, 4K liquid level, 4K pressure, and Arc interlock protection. The distributed control component defines device data as process variables (PVs) and publishes them on the IOC server on each node. PVs are shared across network segments through the gateway. Upper-layer applications access the CA protocol based on EPICS and can transparently access the PV of any node through the CA interface, realizing distributed deployment of multiple devices and multiple nodes. The anomaly monitoring base layer, based on preset PV thresholds, provides a real-time anomaly alarm interface. This interface compares real-time changes in PV with the threshold to quickly detect abnormal device states (such as threshold exceeding limits), providing data support for anomaly handling in the intermediate layer.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automated and sophisticated intermediate layer architecture is designed as follows: the intermediate layer uses cavities as basic units to achieve distributed parallel processing. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the aging process for a single cavity can be divided into three core threads: an automatic aging thread, an exception detection thread, and an automatic recovery thread. These three threads operate independently. The automatic aging thread will pause when the exception detection thread detects an exception or the automatic recovery thread fails to restore the Arc chain. Automatic aging will resume once the exception is resolved or the Arc chain is restored. In actual aging tasks, multiple cavities can be instantiated and aged simultaneously, with each cavity configured with the aforementioned three threads.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the intermediate-layer automatic aging control module uses the cavity as the basic unit to achieve distributed parallel processing, including a configuration information loading module 1, a cavity module 2, a radio frequency training module 3, an anomaly detection module 4, and an automatic recovery module 5, wherein: Configuration information loading module 1, including pulse width sequence, target power curve, vacuum / temperature threshold, etc., is configured from the interactive interface of the top-level visualization interaction module, and the cavity state is initialized. Specifically, the cavity is configured according to the pre-configured parameter information, and various PV lists and cavity information are loaded, such as pulse width, vacuum threshold and target power.

[0035] Cavity module 2 allocates processes for each RF cavity requiring automatic aging, assigning it an independent process. Each process runs an aging program, an anomaly detection program, and an automatic recovery program. When the aging program runs, it performs PV configuration checks, sets the AmpLimiter, loads the pulse width, and sets the power target, etc. It performs corresponding initialization based on the current temperature state, enabling self-oscillation at low temperatures and disabling it at normal temperatures. Simultaneously, it handles anomalies that hinder aging, such as power source anomalies requiring a power source module reset via the automatic recovery program. It can support parallel execution of multiple cavities, and the number of cavities can be more than 10, but this is not the only example.

[0036] RF training module 3, operating as an independent thread, loads the cavity PV and aging parameters and executes phased power increase logic, automatically aging from narrow pulses to CW mode. RF training module 3 coordinates various processes through a multi-threaded architecture, including aging at different temperatures, aging sequentially according to the pulse width list, and resuming aging after anomaly recovery, ensuring the RF cavity gradually increases RF power within safe thresholds. This module supports a restart mechanism, recording completed pulse widths and interrupt status for efficient recovery; it also works with the anomaly detection and automatic recovery modules to ensure safe aging, preventing thermal runaway or equipment damage. The aging process runs as a daemon thread, utilizing thread events for synchronous startup, abnormal interruption, and stable waiting. Configuration data originates from the top-level visual interaction module's interface, allowing dynamic adjustment of step size, target power, and sweep parameters. The iterative logic of this module traverses the predefined pulse width list, executes AmpDrive (amplitude drive) increments under each pulse width until the target power is reached, and triggers phase scan to optimize the self-excited loop when 60% of the target power is reached in cryogenic mode. When 100% of the target power is reached, phase scan is performed again to ensure that the cavity is working in the optimal state when aging is completed.

[0037] Anomaly detection module 4 is used to detect different anomalies in both room temperature aging mode and low temperature aging mode, such as vacuum level and temperature; for example... Figure 4As shown, this module continuously monitors PV (Potential Voltage) parameters such as cryogenic temperature, vacuum, and power source to ensure operational safety and reliability during the power ramp-up phase. The anomaly detection process is coordinated through a multi-threaded architecture, utilizing PV anomaly detection to interrupt the main aging loop upon detecting an anomaly. The anomaly detection module iteratively executes within the main aging thread, waiting for start events and non-abnormal event flags before continuing to increase power. Once an anomaly occurs, it stops increasing the AmpDrive, logs the fault, and transitions the system to a safe state (e.g., reducing chamber pressure or resetting the AmpDrive to zero).

[0038] Automatic recovery module 5, acting as a parallel thread, handles cascading protection when it occurs. It achieves automatic recovery by continuously resetting the state. During state resets, it tracks the number of resets and the time interval. If the number of resets exceeds 10 or two cascading events are triggered within a short period, the system will be paused. Figure 5 As shown, this module and the radio frequency training module 3 belong to an independent thread under the cavity module 2. It monitors the Arc interlocking state in real time and executes hierarchical reset logic: the subsystem is reset and then the overall system is reset. It combines failure count and time threshold to prevent frequent failures.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top-level visual interactive interface is based on the Phoebus framework and supports real-time PV display, exercise progress monitoring, dynamic parameter configuration, multi-cavity joint management, and integrated curve and log query functions.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, the top layer is based on Phoebus and has developed a cross-platform human-computer interaction interface that can intuitively display key PV data, exercise progress, equipment status (running / paused / fault) and other information for each cavity in real time; it also supports flexible settings for exercise process, target power, monitoring thresholds, etc.; it can support centralized monitoring and management of multi-cavity joint exercise of multiple modules, and each cavity can be started, stopped and configured independently; at the same time, it provides a variety of display components such as integrated curves and detection buttons to realize multi-dimensional visualization of operation data.

[0041] Example 2: This example provides an automatic RF cavity aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture, including: S1. Using the radio frequency cavity as the basic control unit, each radio frequency cavity is assigned an independent aging control unit; S2. Load RF aging parameters and initialize cavity operating status; S3. Based on the state machine control strategy, a staged RF power enhancement is executed to realize the gradual transition of the RF cavity from low power narrow pulse width to high power continuous wave. S4. During the aging process, real-time acquisition of operating parameters such as RF power, vacuum level, and temperature is performed, and anomaly detection is conducted. S5. When an anomaly or cascading protection is detected, execute an automatic recovery operation and continue the aging process after the recovery conditions are met; at the same time, record and monitor the running status and event information during the aging process.

[0042] The following detailed embodiments illustrate the automatic aging method for radio frequency cavities based on a standardized parallel architecture provided by the present invention, which is applicable to the parallel aging process of superconducting or room-temperature radio frequency cavities.

[0043] This embodiment uses a half-wavelength radio frequency cavity (HWR015, with a relativistic velocity of 0.15) as an example, which is integrated into the High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The solid-state power source is manufactured by Chengdu Kaiteng Co., Ltd., and each solid-state power source contains 24 inserts (model: KFPA-162-1-1), with a saturated output power of approximately 1.4kW per insert. The low-level system uses an FPGA chip of model ZYNQ7100. Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment implements the entire automated aging process through a layered architecture, including configuration initialization, process allocation, phased training, anomaly detection, automatic recovery, data recording, and visual monitoring. The entire process supports parallel execution of multiple cavities (e.g., 10 cavities), with each cavity's independent process ensuring no interference between them, thus guaranteeing efficiency and robustness. The specific process of the RF cavity automated aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture in this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the automatic RF cavity aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: configuration information loading and system initialization, cavity aging process allocation and parallel startup, staged RF cavity training, anomaly detection and handling, automatic recovery, and data recording and monitoring. The specific process is as follows: S1. Loading configuration information and system initialization.

[0045] In this embodiment, before aging begins, the system first loads configuration files and configures parameters from the interactive interface. A total of 5 configuration files need to be loaded to define the PV list required for aging, the PV list required for anomaly detection, and the PV list and parameters required for image scanning, etc.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 6The configurable parameters in box ① include: target power (TargetPower, based on the forward power of the solid-state power source, for example, initially 0.5 kW and gradually increasing to a target of 5 kW), pulse width array (Pulse Lists, for example, gradually increasing from 0.1 ms to continuous wave (CW) mode), vacuum threshold (Vac_High, Vac_Low, upper and lower vacuum limits, for example, lower limit 1×10^(-5) Pa, upper limit 3×10^(-3) Pa, distinguished from the vacuum gauge threshold, the latter is more lenient to avoid false triggering), drive signal step size (for example, drive signal increase step size 100), reload drive signal step size (when the aging state is restart, this step size is used), waiting time during power increase (waiting step size 3 s after a power increase during aging), and stage waiting time (waiting time 5 s after an aging in the pulse list), etc. This is just an example, and is not limited to these.

[0047] In this embodiment, the system establishes a connection with each physical device of the radio frequency superconducting cavity system through the EPICS IOC interface, and reads the initial PV data (such as cavity resonant frequency and current vacuum level) in real time. After initialization, the system verifies that all PVs are normal (no interlock protection triggering) and generates a log file to record the initial state. If an initial anomaly is detected, such as vacuum leakage, an alarm is triggered and the process is paused, prompting "Manual intervention required".

[0048] S2, cavity aging process allocation and parallel startup.

[0049] In this embodiment, the cavity is used as the basic unit, and the system assigns an independent process to each cavity to be aged (e.g., 10 cavities correspond to 10 processes). Each process runs three independent threads: an automatic aging thread (responsible for power boosting logic), an anomaly detection thread (responsible for real-time PV detection), and an automatic recovery thread (responsible for Arc cascading recovery). The processes share PV through the EPICS network but do not interfere with each other, ensuring parallelism.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, each cavity is instantiated in memory and loaded with PVs (such as cavity pressure, vacuum, and cryogenicity). The RF training module initializes the main program and PV callback processor; the anomaly detection module detects vacuum, cryogenicity, etc.; the automatic recovery module monitors the Arc interlock state and recovers at any time. After process allocation, the system enters the state machine initialization state, preparing for the power increase phase. The log records allocation details, including process ID, allocation time, and initial parameters.

[0051] S3, Staged Radiofrequency Cavity Training.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the training process employs a progressive power increase strategy, gradually transitioning from a narrow pulse mode to a continuous wave (CW) mode to ensure the cavity surface gradually "aged." Reference parameters include pulse width and target power (based on the forward power of the solid-state power source). Figure 7 As shown, the power increase in each stage follows state machine logic, specifically: Initialization state: RF signal is set to zero, waiting for "Start" to be triggered.

[0053] Power Increase Status: The core behavior is "increasing pulse width and monitoring vacuum value": First, when increasing power, the current temperature is determined. If the temperature exceeds 100K, aging is performed in normal temperature mode; aging cannot be performed when the temperature is between 9K and 100K; and low-temperature aging can be performed when the temperature is below 9K. Aging starts with an initial pulse width (e.g., 0.1 ms) and gradually increases the AmpDrive (in 100 Drive steps). After each step, the vacuum stabilizes (3s), and the pulse period is displayed in real time. If the power reaches the stage target (e.g., 5 kW), it waits 5s to stabilize before entering the "next pulse width" sub-stage, increasing the width to 0.5 ms, and continuing to increase power until the last pulse width in the pulse width list is reached. Vacuum is monitored in real time, and if it deteriorates, the process is paused.

[0054] Reduced power state: If the vacuum deteriorates rapidly due to sparking or other reasons, immediately reduce the power by 20% (or adjust the pulse width by half a step), recheck the state until it stabilizes, and then return to the increased power state.

[0055] Rapid Power Boost Status: After abnormal recovery (such as Restart trigger), quickly replenish the power of the previous stage (double the step size, such as 500 Drive) to avoid repeating the low power zone and accelerate the overall process.

[0056] The entire workout executes multiple chambers in parallel, allowing users to... Figure 6 In box ②, the “start” button sends a signal to begin aging. Multiple cavities can be selected simultaneously for “start”. In this box, the aging progress and thresholds such as cavity pressure, power, and vacuum can be monitored. Figure 6 Box ③ in the diagram displays the current AmpDrive value, and manual aging can also be performed here. The system automatically agings until all chambers reach the target power (e.g., total duration of several hours), then automatically ends aging and maintains a high-power state. An anomaly detection module and an automatic recovery module continuously monitor the chamber status.

[0057] S4. Anomaly Detection and Handling.

[0058] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, cavity curing is an extremely time-consuming process. During this process, interruptions or rapid temperature increases in the RF cavity may occur due to vacuum leakage, abnormal low temperatures, or other reasons. Therefore, a PV detection configuration is required to monitor the critical PV value in real time throughout the process. If the real-time PV value exceeds the threshold, protective measures are implemented, and an abnormal status is detected. The types of abnormal statuses include: vacuum deterioration (>threshold), abnormal low temperature (4K liquid level <80cm), and cavity temperature exceeding limits. When an abnormality is detected, power reduction or setting the AmpDrive to zero is performed to restore the cavity to a state where curing can continue. If continuous abnormalities exceed limits, a protection state is entered and an alarm is triggered, awaiting manual intervention. Specifically: Detection phase: The PV callback processor determines whether the threshold is exceeded (e.g., vacuum > 3 × 10^(-3) Pa).

[0059] Recovery Phase: Minor vacuum anomalies (such as gas leakage from the coupler) trigger vacuum deterioration. Reduce the AmpDrive level and wait for the vacuum to recover. In case of abnormal low temperature, suspend power increase and wait for the temperature to return to normal (monitoring curve).

[0060] After successful recovery, it enters a rapid power increase state and continues the established process.

[0061] S5, automatic recovery, and data logging and monitoring.

[0062] In this embodiment, the automatic recovery thread, automatic aging thread, and anomaly detection thread are independent of each other. During the aging process, Arc interlocking may occur, triggered by factors such as vacuum protection, temperature protection, and power source module protection. Figure 5 As shown, the automatic recovery module determines the current status by real-time detection of cascading PVs. When an Arc cascade occurs due to a PV anomaly, an automatic reset operation is performed, and the number of resets and the reset time are counted. If the reset fails more than 10 times or is attempted again shortly after a successful reset, an abnormal prompt is given to interrupt the process, requiring manual intervention to handle the abnormality.

[0063] S6, Data Recording, Visual Monitoring, and End.

[0064] In this embodiment, the entire operation log (including events, PV snapshots, and state transitions) is recorded and stored in the database, supporting historical traceability. Figure 6 Box ④ provides multi-dimensional curves (vacuum, temperature, cavity pressure, etc.) for real-time monitoring. After exercise, the system continuously monitors the cavity's status and performs automatic reset or anomaly detection operations when Arc interlock or other abnormalities occur.

[0065] Furthermore, the effectiveness of the invention was verified: in HIAF testing, parallel aging experiments were conducted on 10 HWR015 RF cavities. Using this invention significantly reduced the total aging time compared to traditional methods. This is mainly due to the automated optimization of parallel process allocation and the fast power-up state machine, avoiding the bottleneck of traditional serial manual monitoring. Simultaneously, the anomaly detection function is significantly improved; when vacuum deterioration occurs, it can be handled automatically without manual intervention, and aging continues after processing. The automatic recovery function greatly reduces Arc chain situations requiring manual intervention for recovery, improving aging efficiency. In addition, in the actual deployment of the HIAF device, this automatic aging program has been successfully applied to the aging process of all RF cavities, totaling 96 RF cavities (including various models such as HWR015 and HWR007), covering all RF modules of the accelerator's linear section. Through standardized procedures, the average cycle from initial assembly to stable operation at target power for these cavities has been significantly shortened, greatly improving cavity aging efficiency and engineering progress, and promoting the rapid iteration of the HIAF device from prototype verification to full-power operation. The verification results not only confirm the robustness of the system under high load and multi-cavity collaborative scenarios, but also provide a replicable engineering paradigm for similar large-scale accelerator projects (such as China CiADS).

[0066] Example 3: This example provides an electronic device corresponding to the automatic RF cavity aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture provided in Example 1. The electronic device can be an electronic device for the client, such as a mobile phone, laptop, tablet computer, desktop computer, etc., to execute the method of Example 1.

[0067] like Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a bus. The processor, memory, and communication interface are connected via the bus to enable communication between them. The memory stores a computer program that can run on the processor. When the processor runs the computer program, it executes the method of Embodiment 1. The implementation principle and technical effects are similar to those of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 8 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computing device on which the present application is applied. The specific computing device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), optical discs, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the processor can be any type of general-purpose processor such as a central processing unit (CPU) or a digital signal processor (DSP), and is not limited thereto.

[0070] Example 4: This example provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including computer instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method provided in Example 1 above.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device for holding and storing instructions executable, such as, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any combination thereof. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions that cause a computer to perform the method provided in Embodiment 1 above.

[0072] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (devices), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0073] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0074] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "a preferred embodiment," "furthermore," "specifically," "in this embodiment," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments in this specification. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated radio frequency cavity aging system based on a standardized parallel architecture, characterized in that, The system adopts a layered architecture design, including a bottom-level control framework, a middle-level automatic aging control module, and a top-level visual interaction module; The underlying control framework is used to establish a connection with the physical devices of the RF cavity through the EPICS IOC and read device status data in real time; The intermediate layer automatic aging control module is used to perform staged RF power boosting based on a state machine control strategy, and to realize the aging process of the RF cavity in parallel. The top-level visual interaction module enables interaction with the user based on the human-computer interaction interface; among which, The underlying control framework includes a device control interface, a real-time data acquisition module, distributed control components, and an anomaly monitoring base layer. Specifically: the device control interface establishes connections with various physical devices in the RF superconducting cavity system via the EPICS IOC and defines and manages various control PVs and monitoring PVs; the real-time data acquisition module uses the EPICS channel access protocol to read device status data in real time with millisecond-level precision; the distributed control components allow each node to define device data as process variables (PVs) and publish them, enabling PV sharing and synchronization via the network. Upper-layer applications, based on the EPICS channel access CA protocol, can access the PVs of any node through the CA interface, achieving distributed deployment across multiple devices and nodes; and the anomaly monitoring base layer is used to quickly detect abnormal device states by comparing real-time changes in PVs with thresholds, where PV refers to process variables. The intermediate-layer automatic aging control module includes a configuration information loading module, a cavity module, an RF training module, an anomaly detection module, and an automatic recovery module. Specifically: the configuration information loading module configures the RF cavities according to pre-configured parameters and initializes their states; the cavity module independently allocates processes for each RF cavity requiring automatic aging, with each process including an automatic aging thread, an anomaly detection thread, and an automatic recovery thread, supporting parallel execution across multiple cavities; the RF training module executes staged power ramp-up logic in the automatic aging thread, achieving automatic aging from narrow pulses to continuous mode; the anomaly detection module detects different anomalies in both room-temperature and low-temperature aging modes to ensure operational safety and reliability during the power ramp-up phase, iterating within the automatic aging thread and waiting for start and non-abnormal event flags before continuing power ramp-up; if an anomaly occurs, aging will stop; and the automatic recovery module executes automatic recovery operations when an anomaly or interlocking protection is detected, and resumes automatic aging once the recovery conditions are met.

2. The RF cavity automatic aging system based on a standardized parallel architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer automatic aging control module implements distributed parallel processing with the cavity as the basic unit. The aging of a single cavity is divided into three independent threads: automatic aging thread, exception detection thread, and automatic recovery thread. When the exception detection thread detects an exception or the automatic recovery thread fails to recover the Arc chain, the automatic aging thread will be interrupted. Automatic aging will continue after the exception is handled or the Arc chain is recovered.

3. The RF cavity automatic aging system based on a standardized parallel architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top-level visual interactive interface is a cross-platform human-computer interaction interface developed based on Phoebus, which displays variable data, training progress and equipment status information of each cavity in real time; it also supports flexible settings of training process, target power and monitoring threshold; it supports centralized monitoring and management of multi-cavity joint training of multiple modules, and each radio frequency cavity can be started, stopped and configured independently; at the same time, it provides a variety of display components to realize multi-dimensional visualization of operation data.

4. An automatic radio frequency cavity curing method based on the automatic radio frequency cavity curing system based on a standardized parallel architecture as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: The radio frequency cavity is used as the basic control unit, and an independent aging control unit is assigned to each radio frequency cavity; Configure RF aging parameters and initialize the operating status of the RF cavity; The RF power is increased in stages based on the state machine control strategy, so as to realize the gradual transition and aging of the RF cavity from low power narrow pulse width to high power continuous wave. During the aging process, operational parameters are collected in real time, and anomalies are detected. When an anomaly or cascading protection is detected, an automatic recovery operation is performed, and the aging process continues after the recovery conditions are met. At the same time, the running status and event information during the aging process are recorded and monitored in real time.

5. The automatic RF cavity aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that, A phased RF power enhancement strategy based on a state machine control approach is implemented to achieve a gradual transition and aging of the RF cavity from low-power narrow pulse width to high-power continuous wave, specifically as follows: Initialization state: RF signal is set to zero, waiting for "Start" to be triggered; Power increase state: Starting from the initial pulse width, gradually increase AmpDrive. If the power reaches the stage target, wait for the set time to stabilize before entering the "next pulse width". The sub-stage pulse width increases and the power continues to increase until all RF cavities reach the target power. Power reduction state: If ignition causes a rapid deterioration of vacuum, immediately reduce power or adjust the pulse width back to the set step size, recheck the state until it stabilizes, and return to the power increase state. Rapid power boost state: After an anomaly is recovered, the power of the previous stage is quickly restored to avoid repeating the low power zone and accelerate the overall process.

6. The automatic RF cavity aging method based on a standardized parallel architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the aging process, operational parameters are collected in real time, and anomaly detection is performed, specifically as follows: Detection phase: The PV callback processor determines whether the running parameters exceed the threshold; Recovery phase: Pause power increase, monitor operating parameters, and wait for normal operation to resume; after successful recovery, resume power increase and continue the aging process.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory communicatively connected to the processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, which are executed by the processor to enable the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 4-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more programs, characterized in that, One or more programs include computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 4-6.

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