Agricultural seeding machine depth self-adaptive adjusting mechanism
By using a hydraulically driven depth adjustment component and spring buffer structure, combined with a spraying component and negative pressure adjustment, the problem of damage to the seeder's furrow opener under hard obstacles has been solved. This enables automatic adjustment of the sowing depth and continuous and stable sowing operations, improving seed germination rate and equipment lifespan.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 梅河口市牛心顶镇综合服务中心
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
The furrow openers of existing seeders are prone to cracking, deformation, and wear when encountering hard obstacles, leading to equipment damage and interruption of seeding operations, making it impossible to achieve continuous and stable seeding operations.
The trencher uses a hydraulically driven depth adjustment component, combined with a spring buffer and a spraying component, to achieve automatic depth adjustment and avoidance of hard debris. It also controls the spraying of water and fertilizer solution through a negative pressure adjustment component, absorbing impact energy and softening the soil to reduce wear.
It achieves automatic adjustment of sowing depth, avoids direct collision between the furrow opener and hard objects, reduces equipment damage, lowers energy consumption and resource waste, and improves the continuity of sowing and seed germination rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN122423398A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for an agricultural seeder. Background Technology
[0002] A seeder is an agricultural machine used to sow seeds into the soil according to certain row spacing, plant spacing, depth, and sowing rate requirements to achieve efficient and precise sowing operations. Common types of seeders include row seeders, hill seeders, and precision seeders. Different types are suitable for different crops and planting needs. Row seeders can sow seeds evenly in strips and are suitable for densely planted crops such as wheat and barley. Hill seeders sow seeds at a certain spacing between hills, with a number of seeds sown in each hill, and are often used for crops such as corn and cotton.
[0003] However, the internal environment of farmland soil is complex, and the soil is generally mixed with hard debris such as stones, hard soil clods, and plant roots. Most of the existing trenching structures are rigid connection structures, which cannot actively avoid hard obstacles during operation. After the trencher directly collides with hard objects, it is very easy to cause damage such as cracking, deformation, and wear. This not only increases the equipment maintenance cost, but also directly interrupts the sowing operation and affects the overall planting progress.
[0004] In view of this, we have studied and improved the existing problems and provided an adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for agricultural seeders. The aim of this technology is to solve the problems and improve the practical value. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and propose an adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for agricultural seeders.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for an agricultural seeder, comprising a frame and a seeder disposed on one side of the frame, and further comprising: A depth adjustment assembly includes a mounting bracket mounted on a frame, a hydraulic cylinder fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket, an adjustment plate vertically slidably arranged inside the mounting bracket, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder being connected to the adjustment plate, a fixed rod fixedly connected to the adjustment plate, a connecting rod hinged to the bottom end of the fixed rod, and a trencher fixedly mounted to the bottom end of the connecting rod. A buffer assembly includes an inclined block welded to the bottom of a mounting frame. An inclined groove is formed on the surface of the inclined block. A slider is slidably disposed in the inclined groove. A connecting block is fixed on the slider. A rotating plate hinged to the connecting block is fixed on the connecting rod. A telescopic rod is fixed between the fixed rod and the connecting block. A spring is installed between the slider and the rotating plate. The liquid spraying assembly includes a liquid storage tank fixed on a frame, a spray pipe connected to one side of the liquid storage tank, a negative pressure cylinder connected to the spray pipe, a piston rod slidably disposed inside the negative pressure cylinder, and a drive assembly for driving the piston rod to reciprocate on one side of the liquid storage tank. An energy dissipation component, located inside a liquid storage tank, is used to absorb the impact kinetic energy received by the trencher during operation. A negative pressure regulating component is disposed above the negative pressure cylinder and is used to regulate the negative pressure inside the negative pressure cylinder.
[0007] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the liquid storage tank, an eccentric wheel fixedly sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft, a sliding plate slidably sleeved at the eccentric part of the eccentric wheel, an L-shaped plate fixedly connected to the sliding plate, the L-shaped plate being connected to the end of the piston rod, and a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is installed on the liquid storage tank.
[0008] Preferably, the energy dissipation component includes a limiting rod and a guide tube fixed inside the liquid storage tank. A guide rod is vertically slidably arranged inside the guide tube. A buffer plate that slides along the outer wall of the limiting rod is fixed at the top of the guide rod. A connecting rope is connected to the bottom of the guide rod, and the other end of the connecting rope is connected to the connecting rod.
[0009] Preferably, the buffer plate has a plurality of tapered holes evenly formed on its body, and the diameter of the top opening of the tapered hole is smaller than the diameter of the bottom opening.
[0010] Preferably, the negative pressure regulating assembly includes a vertical cylinder connected to the negative pressure cylinder, a sealing cylinder slidably sleeved on the outer side of the vertical cylinder, a rack plate fixedly connected to the regulating plate, a bracket fixed on the frame, an regulating gear plate meshing with the rack plate rotatably mounted on the bracket, a winding wheel coaxially fixed to the regulating gear plate, a limiting wheel rotatably mounted on the bracket, a lifting rope wound around the winding wheel, the lifting rope passing around the limiting wheel and connected to the sealing cylinder, and a spring 2 installed between the sealing cylinder and the vertical cylinder.
[0011] Preferably, the vertical cylinder has several through holes that connect the inside and outside evenly on its wall, and the vertical cylinder is connected to the negative pressure cylinder.
[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the sealing cylinder is provided with an annular sealing ring, which is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the vertical cylinder, and the lifting rope is made of high-strength nylon composite steel wire rope.
[0013] Preferably, a connecting frame is welded to one side of the frame, and a rotating frame is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting frame via a torsion spring. A compaction wheel is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame, and a support rod is welded to one side of the rotating frame. A soil covering wheel is rotatably mounted on the support rod.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses a hydraulic cylinder to drive an adjusting plate to slide up and down inside the mounting frame. The adjusting plate then drives the fixed rod and connecting rod to rise and fall synchronously. The connecting rod further drives the furrow opener to change position, thereby achieving automatic adjustment of the sowing depth. At the same time, the spring is compressed and deformed under the influence of compressive force, allowing the furrow opener to actively avoid hard debris in the working path, avoiding direct rigid collisions between the furrow opener and hard objects. This prevents equipment damage such as cracking, deformation, and wear and tear, ensuring continuous and stable sowing operations.
[0015] 2. This invention sprays a water-fertilizer solution evenly onto the soil surface. On the one hand, the water-fertilizer mixture can pre-moisten the dry and hard soil inside the trench, soften the hardened surface soil, reduce the resistance of subsequent trenching operations with the pointed shovel structure, reduce equipment power consumption and wear of parts. At the same time, intermittent spraying can control the amount of water-fertilizer solution sprayed compared to continuous spraying, avoiding waste of water and fertilizer resources. On the other hand, the moistened soil can create a warm and comfortable germination and growth environment for seeds, and has a water retention effect in dry plots and planting areas with poor soil moisture, improving seed germination rate and seedling uniformity.
[0016] 3. When the buffer plate of this invention presses down the liquid, the water-fertilizer solution in the cavity slowly passes through the buffer plate through the conical hole. By utilizing the viscous resistance and throttling resistance generated during the liquid flow, it can help consume the impact kinetic energy generated by the trencher colliding with obstacles. Combined with the original spring-elastic deformation energy absorption buffering method, the double buffer structure works together to absorb the vibration energy and hard impact force generated during operation, further weakening the impact load on the overall structure of the machine.
[0017] 4. This invention adjusts the elastic support force and buffering force of spring one in real time by changing the compression deformation of spring one, so that the buffering force can match the soil load conditions corresponding to different soil penetration depths of the trencher. This avoids the problems of insufficient buffering and damage to parts due to excessive soil penetration depth, or excessive buffering and insufficient stability of trenching operation due to insufficient soil penetration depth, and ensures that the buffering force can match the working conditions under different soil penetration depths. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the depth adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the buffer component of the present invention; Figure 5This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spray assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram of section A.
[0019] Legend: 1. Frame; 2. Seeder; 31. Mounting frame; 32. Hydraulic cylinder; 33. Adjusting plate; 34. Fixing rod; 35. Connecting rod; 36. Furrow opener; 41. Inclined block; 42. Inclined trough; 43. Sliding block; 44. Connecting block; 45. Rotating plate; 46. Telescopic rod; 47. Spring 1; 51. Liquid storage tank; 52. Spray pipe; 53. Negative pressure cylinder; 54. Piston rod; 55. Rotating shaft; 56. Eccentric wheel; 5 7. Sliding plate; 58. L-shaped plate; 59. Motor; 61. Limiting rod; 62. Buffer plate; 63. Guide tube; 64. Guide rod; 65. Connecting rope; 71. Vertical cylinder; 72. Sealing cylinder; 73. Rack plate; 74. Bracket; 75. Adjusting gear plate; 76. Winding wheel; 77. Limiting wheel; 78. Lifting rope; 79. Spring II; 8. Connecting frame; 9. Rotating frame; 10. Compacting wheel; 11. Soil covering wheel. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] See Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for an agricultural seeder, including a frame 1 and a seeder 2 disposed on one side of the frame 1, and further comprising: The depth adjustment assembly includes a mounting frame 31 mounted on the frame 1, a hydraulic cylinder 32 fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 31, an adjustment plate 33 vertically sliding inside the mounting frame 31, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 32 being connected to the adjustment plate 33, a fixing rod 34 fixedly connected to the adjustment plate 33, a connecting rod 35 hinged to the bottom end of the fixing rod 34, and a trencher 36 fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the connecting rod 35. The buffer assembly includes a wedge block 41 welded to the bottom of the mounting bracket 31. A groove 42 is provided on the surface of the wedge block 41. A slider 43 is slidably disposed in the groove 42. A connecting block 44 is fixed on the slider 43. A rotating plate 45 hinged to the connecting block 44 is fixed on the connecting rod 35. A telescopic rod 46 is fixed between the fixed rod 34 and the connecting block 44. A spring 47 is installed between the slider 43 and the rotating plate 45. It should be noted that, for reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, by mounting the frame 1 on a tractor, the frame 1 moves across the sowing soil to carry out ridge sowing operations. Depending on the specifications of different crop seeds and their root growth requirements, a hydraulic cylinder 32 drives an adjusting plate 33 to slide up and down inside the mounting frame 31. The adjusting plate 33 then synchronously raises and lowers the fixed rod 34 and connecting rod 35. The connecting rod 35 further drives the furrow opener 36 to change position, thus achieving automatic adjustment of the sowing depth. When the furrow opener 36 moves with the frame 1, it encounters hard obstacles such as rocks and tree roots along the working path. When an obstacle is encountered, the hard object exerts a hard pushing force on the furrow opener 36. This force is transmitted in the opposite direction to the furrow opener 36, causing the connecting rod 35 and the rotating plate 45 to rotate at an angle. At the same time, it is transmitted in the opposite direction to the spring 47, causing the spring 47 to undergo compression deformation under the influence of the compressive force. This allows the furrow opener 36 to actively avoid hard debris in the working path, avoid direct rigid collisions between the furrow opener 36 and hard objects, and prevent equipment damage such as cracking, deformation, wear and tear of the furrow opener 36, thus ensuring the continuous and stable progress of the sowing operation.
[0022] The liquid spraying assembly includes a liquid storage tank 51 fixed on the frame 1, a spray pipe 52 connected to one side of the liquid storage tank 51, a negative pressure cylinder 53 connected to the spray pipe 52, a piston rod 54 slidably disposed inside the negative pressure cylinder 53, and a drive assembly for driving the piston rod 54 to reciprocate on one side of the liquid storage tank 51. Energy dissipation component, located inside the liquid storage tank 51, is used to absorb the impact kinetic energy received by the trencher 36 during operation; It should be noted that, for reference Figure 5As shown, during the sowing process, the operator can start the motor 59, which drives the rotating shaft 55 to rotate. The rotating shaft 55 then drives the eccentric wheel 56 to rotate synchronously, causing the sliding plate 57 to reciprocate left and right, and simultaneously driving the L-shaped plate 58 to reciprocate left and right. When the L-shaped plate 58 maintains its reciprocating motion, it drives the piston rod 54 to reciprocate along the internal cavity of the negative pressure cylinder 53. The reciprocating movement of the piston rod 54 causes the internal volume of the negative pressure cylinder 53 to change periodically, thus creating alternating negative and positive pressure environments within the negative pressure cylinder 53. This cyclical switching of positive and negative pressure drives the spray pipe 52 to operate in a negative... During the pressure formation stage, the water-fertilizer mixture is extracted from the storage tank 51, and during the positive pressure release stage, the water-fertilizer mixture is evenly sprayed onto the soil surface through the suction pipe. On the one hand, the water-fertilizer mixture can pre-moisten the dry and hard soil inside the trench, soften the hardened surface soil, reduce the resistance of the subsequent trenching operation of the pointed shovel structure, reduce equipment power consumption and wear of parts, and at the same time, intermittent spraying can control the amount of water-fertilizer solution sprayed compared with continuous spraying, avoid waste of water and fertilizer resources, and achieve green operation that saves water and fertilizer. On the other hand, the moistened soil can create a warm and comfortable germination and growth environment for seeds, and play a role in water retention and moisture conservation in dry plots and planting areas with poor soil moisture, thereby improving the germination rate and uniformity of seedling emergence. Additionally, it should be noted that the reference... Figures 5 to 6 As shown, when the trencher 36 encounters hard obstacles such as rocks or tree roots during its operation, the trencher 36 is pushed backward by the hard object, causing the connecting rod 35 to rotate and shift synchronously. During the rotation, the connecting rod 35 pulls the connecting rope 65, and the traction force of the connecting rope 65 drives the guide rod 64 to move downward along the internal cavity of the guide tube 63. The downward movement of the guide rod 64 causes the buffer plate 62 to move downward synchronously along the internal cavity of the liquid storage tank 51, pressing down the water-fertilizer mixture stored inside the liquid storage tank 51. Because the surface of the buffer plate 62 is uniformly provided with conical holes, when the buffer plate 62 presses down on the liquid, the water-fertilizer solution in the cavity slowly passes through the conical holes of the buffer plate 62. By utilizing the viscous resistance and throttling resistance generated during the liquid flow, it can help consume the impact kinetic energy generated by the trencher 36 colliding with the obstacle. Combined with the original spring-47 elastic deformation energy absorption buffering method, the double buffer structure works together to absorb the vibration energy and hard impact force generated during operation, further weakening the impact load on the overall structure of the machine.
[0023] The negative pressure regulating component is located above the negative pressure cylinder 53 and is used to regulate the negative pressure inside the negative pressure cylinder 53.
[0024] In an optional embodiment, the drive assembly includes a rotating shaft 55 rotatably connected to the reservoir 51. An eccentric wheel 56 is fixedly sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft 55. A sliding plate 57 is slidably sleeved at the eccentric part of the eccentric wheel 56. An L-shaped plate 58 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 57. The L-shaped plate 58 is connected to the end of the piston rod 54. A motor 59 for driving the rotating shaft 55 to rotate is installed on the reservoir 51.
[0025] In an optional embodiment, the energy dissipation assembly includes a limiting rod 61 and a guide tube 63 fixed inside the liquid storage tank 51. A guide rod 64 is vertically slidably disposed inside the guide tube 63. A buffer plate 62 that slides along the outer wall of the limiting rod 61 is fixed to the top of the guide rod 64. A connecting rope 65 is connected to the bottom of the guide rod 64. The other end of the connecting rope 65 is connected to the connecting rod 35.
[0026] In an optional embodiment, a plurality of tapered holes are uniformly formed on the plate body of the buffer plate 62, wherein the opening diameter at the top of the tapered hole is smaller than the opening diameter at the bottom.
[0027] In an optional embodiment, the negative pressure regulating assembly includes a vertical cylinder 71 connected to the negative pressure cylinder 53, a sealing cylinder 72 slidably sleeved on the outside of the vertical cylinder 71, a rack plate 73 fixedly connected to the regulating plate 33, a bracket 74 fixedly fixed on the frame 1, an regulating gear plate 75 rotatably mounted on the bracket 74 and meshing with the rack plate 73, a winding wheel 76 coaxially fixed to the regulating gear plate 75, a limiting wheel 77 rotatably mounted on the bracket 74, a lifting rope 78 wound on the winding wheel 76, the lifting rope 78 passing around the limiting wheel 77 and connected to the sealing cylinder 72, and a spring 79 installed between the sealing cylinder 72 and the vertical cylinder 71.
[0028] In an optional embodiment, the vertical cylinder 71 has several through holes that connect the inside and outside evenly on its cylinder wall, and the vertical cylinder 71 is connected to the negative pressure cylinder 53.
[0029] In an optional embodiment, an annular sealing ring is embedded in the inner wall of the sealing cylinder 72, and the annular sealing ring is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 71. The lifting rope 78 is made of high-strength nylon composite steel wire rope.
[0030] It should be noted that, for reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, when the operator manipulates the adjusting plate 33 to move downwards, causing the fixed rod 34 and connecting rod 35 to move downwards simultaneously to increase the depth of the trencher 36 in the soil, the downward-moving fixed rod 34 will simultaneously pull the telescopic rod 46 and the slider 43 to follow and complete the downward movement. As the depth of the trencher 36 in the soil increases, the volume of the trencher 36 buried in the soil and the contact area with the soil increase simultaneously. The positive squeezing pressure and the traveling friction force generated by the soil on the trencher 36 will also increase. At this time, the slider 43 in the downward state will move along the inclined groove 4 pre-set inside the inclined block 41. 2. Perform directional sliding to gradually reduce the distance between slider 43 and rotating plate 45, indirectly compressing spring 47 a second time, dynamically changing the compression deformation of spring 47, thereby adjusting the elastic support force and buffering force of spring 47 in real time, so that the buffering force can match the soil load conditions corresponding to different soil penetration depths of trencher 36, avoiding insufficient buffering and damage to parts due to excessive soil penetration depth, or excessive buffering and insufficient stability of trenching operation due to insufficient soil penetration depth, ensuring that the buffering force can match the working conditions under different soil penetration depths.
[0031] Meanwhile, see Figures 7 to 8 As shown, during the process of adjusting the ditcher 36 working depth by moving the adjusting plate 33 up and down, the adjusting plate 33 will simultaneously drive the rack plate 73 to move up and down in the same direction. The rack plate 73 drives the adjusting gear plate 75 to rotate. When the planting conditions require increasing the depth of the ditcher 36, the rack plate 73, which moves down synchronously with the adjusting plate 33, will drive the adjusting gear plate 75 to rotate clockwise. The adjusting gear plate 75 will drive the winding wheel 76 to rotate synchronously, unwinding the lifting rope 78 wound and stored on the outside of the winding wheel 76. The lifting rope 78 is in a taut state. The spring 79, which was originally in a state of continuous tension and storage, releases its own elasticity during the gradual unwinding of the lifting rope 78. Relying on the pull of the spring 79, The pulling force causes the sealing cylinder 72 to slide downward along the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 71. During the downward movement, the sealing cylinder 72 can gradually block more through holes on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 71, reduce the communication channels between the vertical cylinder 71 and the outside air, reduce the amount of air leakage, and increase the negative pressure suction strength formed inside the negative pressure cylinder 53. The stronger negative pressure environment allows the spray pipe 52 to extract more volume of water-fertilizer mixture from the liquid storage tank 51 during the air intake stage. This is suitable for the working conditions where the trench opener 36 penetrates deeper into the soil, the trench volume is larger, and the soil water consumption is higher. Conversely, when the trench opener 36 is reduced in the soil depth, the overall structure operates in the opposite direction, reducing the negative pressure strength and the amount of water and fertilizer extracted, thus achieving a match between the soil depth and the amount of water and fertilizer supplied.
[0032] In an optional embodiment, a connecting frame 8 is welded to one side of the frame 1, and a rotating frame 9 is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting frame 8 via a torsion spring. A compaction wheel 10 is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame 9, and a support rod is welded to one side of the rotating frame 9. A soil covering wheel 11 is rotatably mounted on the support rod.
[0033] Working principle: By mounting the frame 1 on the tractor, the frame 1 moves on the sowing soil to carry out ridge sowing operations. In combination with the specifications of different crop seeds and the root growth requirements, the hydraulic cylinder 32 drives the adjusting plate 33 to slide up and down inside the mounting frame 31. The adjusting plate 33 then drives the fixed rod 34 and the connecting rod 35 to rise and fall synchronously. The connecting rod 35 further drives the furrow opener 36 to change position, thereby realizing automatic adjustment of the sowing depth. When the furrow opener 36 moves with the frame 1, when it encounters hard obstacles such as stones and tree roots on the working path, the hard objects exert a hard pushing force on the furrow opener 36. This force will be transmitted back to the furrow opener 36, which will cause the connecting rod 35 and the rotating plate 45 to rotate at an angle. At the same time, it will be transmitted back to the spring 47, causing the spring 47 to be compressed and deformed under the influence of the compressive force, so that the furrow opener 36 can actively avoid hard debris in the working path. During the sowing process, the operator can start the motor 59, which drives the rotating shaft 55 to rotate. The rotating shaft 55 then drives the eccentric wheel 56 to rotate synchronously, causing the sliding plate 57 to move back and forth in the left and right directions. Simultaneously, it drives the L-shaped plate 58 to move back and forth in the left and right directions. When the L-shaped plate 58 is in a reciprocating state, it will drive the piston rod 54 to move back and forth synchronously along the internal cavity of the negative pressure cylinder 53. Relying on the reciprocating movement of the piston rod 54, the volume of the internal cavity of the negative pressure cylinder 53 changes periodically. This creates a periodically switching negative pressure environment and a positive pressure environment inside the negative pressure cylinder 53. With the cyclical switching of positive and negative pressure, the spray pipe 52 is driven to draw the water-fertilizer mixture from the storage tank 51 during the negative pressure formation stage and spray the water-fertilizer mixture from the pipe evenly onto the soil surface during the positive pressure release stage. When the trencher 36 encounters hard obstacles such as rocks or tree roots during its operation, it flips backward due to the pushing force of the hard object. This causes the connecting rod 35 to rotate and shift. During the rotation, the connecting rod 35 pulls the connecting rope 65. The traction force of the connecting rope 65 drives the guide rod 64 to move downward along the internal cavity of the guide tube 63. The downward-moving guide rod 64 drives the buffer plate 62 to move downward along the internal cavity of the liquid storage tank 51, pressing down the water-fertilizer mixture stored in the liquid storage tank 51. Since the surface of the buffer plate 62 is uniformly provided with conical holes, when the buffer plate 62 presses down the liquid, the water-fertilizer mixture in the cavity slowly passes through the conical holes of the buffer plate 62. The viscous resistance and throttling resistance generated during the liquid flow process help to consume the impact kinetic energy generated by the trencher 36 colliding with the obstacle. When the operator manipulates the adjusting plate 33 to move downwards, and drives the fixed rod 34 and connecting rod 35 to move downwards simultaneously to increase the soil penetration depth of the trencher 36, the downward-moving fixed rod 34 will simultaneously pull the telescopic rod 46 and the slider 43 to follow and complete the downward movement. As the soil penetration depth of the trencher 36 continues to increase, the volume of the trencher 36 buried in the soil and the contact area with the soil will increase simultaneously. The positive squeezing pressure and the traveling friction force generated by the soil on the trencher 36 will also increase. At this time, the slider 43 in the downward state will slide in a direction along the inclined groove 42 preset inside the inclined block 41, gradually reducing the distance between the slider 43 and the rotating plate 45, indirectly compressing the spring 47 a second time, dynamically changing the compression deformation of the spring 47, thereby adjusting the elastic support force and buffering force of the spring 47 in real time, so that the buffering force can match the soil load conditions corresponding to different soil penetration depths of the trencher 36. Meanwhile, as the adjusting plate 33 moves up and down to change the working depth of the furrow opener 36, the adjusting plate 33 simultaneously drives the rack plate 73 to move up and down in the same direction. The rack plate 73 drives the adjusting gear disc 75 to rotate. When the planting conditions require increasing the depth of the furrow opener 36, the rack plate 73, which moves down synchronously with the adjusting plate 33, will drive the adjusting gear disc 75 to rotate clockwise. The adjusting gear disc 75 will drive the winding wheel 76 to rotate synchronously, unwinding the lifting rope 78 that is wound and stored on the outside of the winding wheel 76. The lifting rope 78 is in a taut state, originally in a taut state. The spring 79, which is in a continuously stretched and stored state, releases its own elasticity as the lifting rope 78 is gradually unwound. Relying on the traction force of the spring 79, the sealing cylinder 72 is pulled downward along the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 71. During the downward movement, the sealing cylinder 72 can gradually block more through holes on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 71, reduce the communication channels between the vertical cylinder 71 and the outside air, reduce the amount of air leakage, and increase the negative pressure suction strength formed inside the negative pressure cylinder 53. The stronger negative pressure environment allows the spray pipe 52 to draw more volume of water-fertilizer mixture solution from the liquid storage tank 51 during the air intake stage.
[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An adaptive depth adjustment mechanism for an agricultural seeder, comprising a frame (1) and a seeder (2) disposed on one side of the frame (1), characterized in that, Also includes: The depth adjustment assembly includes a mounting bracket (31) mounted on a frame (1), a hydraulic cylinder (32) fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket (31), an adjustment plate (33) vertically sliding inside the mounting bracket (31), the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (32) being connected to the adjustment plate (33), a fixing rod (34) fixedly connected to the adjustment plate (33), a connecting rod (35) hinged to the bottom end of the fixing rod (34), and a trencher (36) fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the connecting rod (35). The buffer assembly includes a wedge (41) welded to the bottom of the mounting bracket (31), a groove (42) is provided on the surface of the wedge (41), a slider (43) is slidably arranged in the groove (42), a connecting block (44) is fixed on the slider (43), a rotating plate (45) hinged to the connecting block (44) is fixed on the connecting rod (35), a telescopic rod (46) is fixed between the fixed rod (34) and the connecting block (44), and a spring (47) is installed between the slider (43) and the rotating plate (45). The liquid spraying assembly includes a liquid storage tank (51) fixed on a frame (1), a spray pipe (52) connected to one side of the liquid storage tank (51), a negative pressure cylinder (53) connected to the spray pipe (52), a piston rod (54) slidably disposed inside the negative pressure cylinder (53), and a drive assembly for driving the piston rod (54) to reciprocate on one side of the liquid storage tank (51). Energy dissipation component, which is located inside the liquid storage tank (51), is used to absorb the impact kinetic energy received by the trencher (36) during operation; A negative pressure regulating component is disposed above the negative pressure cylinder (53) and is used to regulate the negative pressure inside the negative pressure cylinder (53).
2. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a rotating shaft (55) rotatably connected to a storage tank (51). An eccentric wheel (56) is fixedly sleeved at one end of the rotating shaft (55). A sliding plate (57) is slidably sleeved at the eccentric part of the eccentric wheel (56). An L-shaped plate (58) is fixedly connected to the sliding plate (57). The L-shaped plate (58) is connected to the end of the piston rod (54). A motor (59) for driving the rotating shaft (55) to rotate is installed on the storage tank (51).
3. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation assembly includes a limiting rod (61) and a guide tube (63) fixed inside the liquid storage tank (51). A guide rod (64) is vertically slidably arranged inside the guide tube (63). A buffer plate (62) that slides along the outer wall of the limiting rod (61) is fixed at the top of the guide rod (64). A connecting rope (65) is connected to the bottom of the guide rod (64). The other end of the connecting rope (65) is connected to the connecting rod (35).
4. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The buffer plate (62) has several conical holes evenly opened on its body, and the opening diameter at the top of the conical hole is smaller than the opening diameter at the bottom.
5. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure regulating assembly includes a vertical cylinder (71) connected to the negative pressure cylinder (53), a sealing cylinder (72) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the vertical cylinder (71), a rack plate (73) is fixedly connected to the regulating plate (33), a bracket (74) is fixed on the frame (1), an regulating gear plate (75) that meshes with the rack plate (73) is rotatably mounted on the bracket (74), a winding wheel (76) is coaxially fixed on the regulating gear plate (75), a limiting wheel (77) is also rotatably mounted on the bracket (74), a lifting rope (78) is wound on the winding wheel (76), the lifting rope (78) passes around the limiting wheel (77) and is connected to the sealing cylinder (72), and a spring (79) is installed between the sealing cylinder (72) and the vertical cylinder (71).
6. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical cylinder (71) has several through holes that connect the inside and outside evenly on its wall. The vertical cylinder (71) is connected to the negative pressure cylinder (53).
7. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the sealing cylinder (72) is fitted with an annular sealing ring, which is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the vertical cylinder (71). The lifting rope (78) is made of high-strength nylon composite steel wire rope.
8. The agricultural seeder depth adaptive adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting frame (8) is welded to one side of the frame (1). A rotating frame (9) is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting frame (8) via a torsion spring. A compaction wheel (10) is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame (9). A support rod is welded to one side of the rotating frame (9). A soil covering wheel (11) is rotatably mounted on the support rod.