Low glycemic index silkworm chrysalis protein peptide special meal and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a low-glycemic-index silkworm chrysalis protein peptide special diet and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of special diet food. The application aims to solve the problems of heavy protein metabolism burden, unreasonable fatty acid structure, limited blood glucose control effect, insufficient intestinal health adaptability and single function of the existing special diet. The special diet is composed of silkworm chrysalis protein peptide, microencapsulated silkworm chrysalis oil, silkworm chrysalis chitosan, a compound sweetener, mulberry leaf extract and resistant dextrin; the silkworm chrysalis protein peptide is prepared through composite gradient enzymolysis and directional membrane separation, the microencapsulated silkworm chrysalis oil is embedded by double-layer wall materials, and the silkworm chrysalis chitosan and 1-deoxynojirimycin in the mulberry leaf extract form a synergistic hypoglycemic compound. The product has a GI (Glycemic Index) of less than or equal to 20, is in the form of granules or tablets, can synergistically control protein metabolism, blood lipid homeostasis, blood glucose control and intestinal health, has a simple and controllable preparation process, and is suitable for long-term nutritional management needs of people with diabetes and hyperlipidemia and groups with special nutritional needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of special dietary food technology, specifically to a low glycemic index silkworm pupa protein peptide special diet and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With changing lifestyles, the number of people suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia continues to rise. Simultaneously, there are groups with special nutritional needs who require strict control of carbohydrate and fat intake while supplementing with high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, and dietary fiber to maintain metabolic and exercise nutritional requirements. However, existing special dietary products have the following shortcomings: 1. Protein sources are mostly whey protein and soy protein, lacking high-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and low-molecular-weight peptides, resulting in a heavy metabolic burden. 2. Fat sources are mostly refined vegetable oils, with an imbalanced ω-3 / ω-6 ratio, easily leading to excessive saturated fat intake. 3. Carbohydrates are mostly refined sugars or high-GI ingredients, causing significant post-meal blood glucose fluctuations and failing to meet blood glucose management needs. 4. Insufficient dietary fiber or a single source results in weak satiety and limited effectiveness in delaying sugar absorption. 5. Existing products are mostly single-function supplements, lacking a synergistic regulatory mechanism for blood glucose, blood lipids, and protein metabolism, making them unsuitable for the comprehensive nutritional needs of people with chronic diseases and those with special nutritional requirements.

[0003] Therefore, developing a special diet that combines high-quality protein, a reasonable fatty acid structure, a low glycemic index, and high dietary fiber is of great significance for providing nutritional support to people with chronic diseases and those with special nutritional needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a special diet of low glycemic index silkworm pupa protein peptides and its preparation method, which combines high-quality protein, a reasonable fatty acid structure, low glycemic index and high dietary fiber.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a special dietary supplement containing low glycemic index silkworm pupa protein peptides, composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-40 parts silkworm pupa protein peptides, 10-25 parts microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil, 5-15 parts silkworm pupa chitosan, 1-5 parts compound sweetener, 2-8 parts mulberry leaf extract, and 3-10 parts resistant dextrin; the silkworm pupa protein peptides are small molecule peptides obtained through complex gradient enzymatic hydrolysis and directional membrane separation; the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil uses a double-layer wall material encapsulation technology, with the inner layer being modified silkworm pupa protein and the outer layer being hydroxypropyl... Methylcellulose; the silkworm pupa chitosan is a low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan that can form a synergistic hypoglycemic complex with 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaf extract; the compound sweetener is a ternary combination of erythritol, steviol glycosides and L-arabinose in a mass ratio of (15–25):(0.5–1.5):(2–5), with a GI value ≤20, and can inhibit α-glucosidase activity; the resistant dextrin is a low molecular weight resistant dextrin with a degree of polymerization DP3-10, which can delay gastric emptying and regulate intestinal flora.

[0006] Preferably, the silkworm pupa protein peptide has a molecular weight ≤800 Da, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content ≥25%, and an aromatic amino acid content ≤18%.

[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the silkworm pupa protein peptide includes the following steps: S1: Degreasing treatment of silkworm pupae: The silkworm pupae are crushed and treated with supercritical fluid. Extraction and degreasing, with a degreasing rate of ≥95%, yields degreased silkworm pupa powder; S2: Gradient Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Using defatted silkworm pupa powder as raw material, purified water was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL). After stirring evenly, the pH was adjusted to 8.0, and alkaline protease was added at a concentration of 0.8% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 55℃ and 150 rpm for 2 hours. Subsequently, the pH was adjusted to 7.0, and neutral protease and flavor protease were added at an enzyme activity ratio of 1:1 at a concentration of 0.6% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was continued at 50℃ and 150 rpm for 1.5 hours. Finally, the pH was adjusted to 6.0, and carboxypeptidase was added at a concentration of 0.2% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 45℃ and 150 rpm for 0.5 hours, completing the gradient enzymatic hydrolysis. S3: Directional membrane separation: Inactivate the enzyme in the enzymatic hydrolysate at 90℃ for 10 minutes, cool to room temperature, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes, take the supernatant, and sequentially pass it through 10kDa, 3kDa, and 800Da ultrafiltration membranes for directional separation, and collect peptide solutions with a molecular weight ≤800Da. S4: Drying: The collected peptide solution is spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 170℃, an outlet air temperature of 85℃, and a feed rate of 15-20 mL / min to obtain silkworm pupa protein peptide powder.

[0008] Preferably, the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil has an ω-3 / ω-6 fatty acid ratio of ≥1:2.5, an encapsulation rate of ≥92%, and an oxidative stability that is ≥40% higher than that of unencapsulated silkworm pupa oil.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil includes: the silkworm pupa oil undergoing supercritical fluid extraction. Extraction was performed using modified silkworm pupa protein as the inner wall material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the outer wall material, followed by emulsification and spray drying.

[0010] Preferably, the degree of deacetylation of the silkworm pupa chitosan is ≥90%, and the viscosity is ≤50. The mulberry leaf extract contains ≥1% 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ).

[0011] Preferably, the special diet also includes one or more excipients selected from B vitamins, calcium, zinc, and flavorings, with the total amount of excipients not exceeding 5% of the total weight of the product.

[0012] Preferably, the dosage form of the special diet is granules or tablets.

[0013] Preferably, the glycemic index (GI) of the special diet is ≤20.

[0014] A method for preparing a special diet of low glycemic index silkworm pupa protein peptides includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the weight percentage and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve respectively; S2: Premix silkworm pupa protein peptides, silkworm pupa chitosan, mulberry leaf extract, and resistant dextrin for 8 minutes; S3: Add the compound sweetener and mix for 5 minutes; S4: Add microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil and mix at low speed for 10 minutes; S5: Obtained by wet granulation or dry compression tableting.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Optimized protein metabolism and high nutrient absorption efficiency: This invention uses a composite gradient enzymatic hydrolysis and directional membrane separation technology to prepare silkworm pupa protein peptides, which degrades large-molecule silkworm pupa protein into small-molecule peptides with a BCAA content of ≥25% and a low proportion of aromatic amino acids. It can be quickly absorbed by the human body without a complicated digestion process, reducing the metabolic burden. It can supplement high-quality protein for people with blood sugar and blood lipid management without increasing the metabolic pressure on the body. It is suitable for the digestive and metabolic characteristics of people with chronic diseases, as well as some groups with special nutritional needs. 2. Improved blood lipid homeostasis and significantly enhanced stability: Microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil is prepared using a double-layer wall material encapsulation technology. The inner layer is modified silkworm pupa protein to enhance encapsulation tightness, while the outer layer is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to improve water solubility and stability, thereby increasing the encapsulation rate and enhancing oxidative stability. At the same time, the ratio of ω-3 / ω-6 fatty acids in silkworm pupa oil is ≥1:2.5, which can replace part of refined vegetable oil, reduce saturated fat intake, effectively regulate blood lipid homeostasis, and reduce the damage of lipid peroxidation to the body. 3. Quadruple synergistic blood sugar reduction for more stable blood sugar control: A quadruple blood sugar reduction mechanism is constructed, consisting of a "three-component compound low-GI sweetener, mulberry leaf extract DNJ, silkworm pupa chitosan, and resistant dextrin". The compound sweetener has a GI≤20, which can directly reduce sugar intake and inhibit α-glucosidase activity; silkworm pupa chitosan and DNJ form a synergistic complex, which further enhances the blood sugar reduction effect and significantly reduces the postprandial blood glucose peak; resistant dextrin delays gastric emptying and sugar absorption, ultimately resulting in a significant reduction in the fluctuation range of blood glucose 2 hours after a meal, far exceeding that of existing similar products. 4. Improved gut health and synergistic metabolic regulation: The synergistic effect of silkworm pupa chitosan and low molecular weight resistant dextrin can significantly promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve intestinal barrier function, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, break the vicious cycle of "gut flora disorder, metabolic abnormality, and elevated blood sugar and blood lipids", and provide gut health support for the long-term stable control of blood sugar and blood lipids. 5. Strong synergistic regulation capability, adaptable to comprehensive needs: Breaking through the limitations of the single function of existing products, it achieves four-fold synergistic regulation of "protein metabolism optimization, blood lipid homeostasis regulation, blood sugar stable control, and intestinal health improvement". At the same time, optional excipients are added to supplement vitamins and minerals, making the nutrition more comprehensive. It can be used as a special diet for people with blood sugar and blood lipid management and people with special nutritional needs for a long time, meeting their comprehensive nutritional and metabolic regulation needs. 6. Environmentally friendly and economical raw materials, with strong process controllability: Using silkworm pupae as the core raw material, the deep processing and utilization of silkworm pupae resources is realized. The raw material sources are wide-ranging and the cost is low. Moreover, it is green and environmentally friendly, with no waste generation. The preparation process adopts supercritical fluid extraction. Mature technologies such as extraction, gradient enzymatic hydrolysis, directional membrane separation, and double-layer encapsulation have clear parameters and strong controllability, making them suitable for large-scale industrial production and ensuring stable product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the silkworm pupa protein peptide preparation process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the synergistic mechanism between silkworm pupa chitosan and mulberry leaf extract DNJ in this invention; Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of postprandial blood glucose changes between the product of this invention, commercially available products, and placebo; Figure 4This is a bar chart showing the changes in the abundance of intestinal flora before and after taking the product of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Example 1: Weigh the following ingredients by weight: 32 parts silkworm pupa protein peptide, 20 parts microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil, 12 parts silkworm pupa chitosan, 4.5 parts erythritol, 0.3 parts steviol glycoside, 1.2 parts L-arabinose, 5 parts mulberry leaf extract (DNJ content 1.2%), 8 parts resistant dextrin, and vitamins. 0.01 servings, Vitamins 0.01 parts, zinc gluconate 0.5 parts. Preparation steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the weight percentage, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and set aside for use; S2: Premix silkworm pupa protein peptides, silkworm pupa chitosan, mulberry leaf extract, and resistant dextrin for 8 minutes; S3: Add the compound sweetener (erythritol, steviol glycosides, L-arabinose) and mix for 5 minutes; S4: Add microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil and mix at low speed for 10 minutes; S5: The product is formed by wet granulation (the binder is a 3% gum arabic aqueous solution), dried at 60°C until the moisture content is ≤5%, and then aseptically packaged after granulation to obtain the finished granule product. Test results: The GI value of the granules is 18; the molecular weight of silkworm pupa protein peptides is 720 Da, the BCAA content is 26.8%, and the aromatic amino acid content is 16.5%; the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil has an ω-3 / ω-6 fatty acid ratio of 1:2.3, an encapsulation rate of 93.2%, and an oxidative stability that is 45% higher than that of unencapsulated silkworm pupa oil; the degree of deacetylation of silkworm pupa chitosan is 92%, and the viscosity is 42. The mulberry leaf extract contains 1.2% DNJ; the total amount of excipients added is 3.6%; the dosage form is granules; the postprandial blood glucose peak is reduced by 42%, Bifidobacteria proliferate by 1.8 times, and the blood lipid regulation effect is significant.

[0019] Example 2: Weigh the following ingredients by weight: 35 parts silkworm pupa protein peptide, 18 parts microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil, 10 parts silkworm pupa chitosan, 4 parts erythritol, 0.25 parts steviol glycoside, 1 part L-arabinose, 4 parts mulberry leaf extract (DNJ content 1.5%), 7 parts resistant dextrin, 2 parts calcium lactate, and vitamins. 0.01 copies.

[0020] Preparation steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the weight percentage, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and set aside for use; S2: Premix silkworm pupa protein peptides, silkworm pupa chitosan, mulberry leaf extract, and resistant dextrin for 8 minutes; S3: Add the compound sweetener (erythritol, steviol glycosides, L-arabinose) and mix for 5 minutes; S4: Add microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil and mix at low speed for 10 minutes; S5: The tablets are dry-compressed (compression pressure 12kN) to obtain tablets weighing 1.5g each, which are then aseptically packaged to obtain the finished product. Test results: The tablet's GI value is 17; the silkworm pupa protein peptide has a molecular weight of 780 Da, a BCAA content of 27.5%, and an aromatic amino acid content of 17.2%; the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil has an ω-3 / ω-6 fatty acid ratio of 1:2.2, an encapsulation rate of 94.5%, and oxidative stability that is 48% higher than that of unencapsulated silkworm pupa oil; the degree of deacetylation of silkworm pupa chitosan is 93%, and the viscosity is 45. The product contains 1.5% DNJ extract from mulberry leaves; 2.8% total excipients; and is available in tablet form. It reduces postprandial blood glucose peak by 45%, increases lactic acid bacteria by 1.9 times, and improves total cholesterol reduction by 28% compared to similar products on the market.

[0021] Comparative Example 1: Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the silkworm pupa protein peptides were replaced with silkworm pupa protein peptides obtained by ordinary single enzymatic hydrolysis (using only alkaline protease) without directional membrane separation. The other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as in Example 1. Test results: The molecular weight of silkworm pupa protein peptides is 1200-2000 Da, and the BCAA content is 18%, which does not meet the requirements of claims 2 and 3; the product GI value is 28, which does not meet the requirements of claims 1 and 9; the protein absorption efficiency is reduced by 40%, and the blood glucose fluctuation 2 hours after a meal is increased by 50% compared with Example 1, which cannot meet the core needs of people with blood glucose and blood lipid management, further proving the key role of the process innovation of claim 3 of this invention in the product effect.

[0022] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 1, only the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil was replaced with silkworm pupa oil encapsulated in a single-layer wall material (using only maltodextrin), while the other raw materials and preparation steps were the same as in Example 1. Test results: The microcapsule encapsulation rate was 75%, and the oxidative stability was 15% higher than that of the unencapsulated silkworm pupa oil, which does not meet the requirements of claim 4; the ω-3 fatty acid retention rate was 68%, and the lipid regulation effect of the product was 35% lower than that of Example 1, failing to achieve lipid homeostasis regulation. This proves that the double-layer encapsulation process of claim 5 of the present invention is the key to improving product stability and lipid regulation effect.

[0023] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 1, mulberry leaf extract and resistant dextrin were removed, while the remaining raw materials and preparation steps were the same as in Example 1. Test results: The product's GI value was 32; the postprandial blood glucose peak decreased by 18%, and the beneficial bacteria in the gut multiplied by 0.6 times. It could not achieve the synergistic effect of stable blood glucose control and improved gut health, proving that the combination of mulberry leaf extract and resistant dextrin in this application is the core to achieve synergistic blood glucose reduction and gut regulation.

[0024] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special dietary diet containing low glycemic index silkworm pupa protein peptides, characterized in that, It consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20–40 parts silkworm pupa protein peptides 10–25 parts of microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil 5–15 parts of silkworm pupa chitosan 1–5 parts of compound sweetener Mulberry leaf extract 2–8 parts, 3–10 parts of resistant dextrin; The silkworm pupa protein peptides are small molecule peptides obtained through complex gradient enzymatic hydrolysis and directional membrane separation. The microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil uses a double-layer wall material encapsulation technology, with the inner layer being modified silkworm pupa protein and the outer layer being hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; The silkworm pupa chitosan is a low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan that can form a synergistic hypoglycemic complex with 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaf extract. The compound sweetener is a ternary combination of erythritol, steviol glycosides and L-arabinose, with a mass ratio of (15–25):(0.5–1.5):(2–5), a GI value ≤20, and can inhibit α-glucosidase activity; The resistant dextrin is a low molecular weight resistant dextrin with a degree of polymerization DP3–10, which can delay gastric emptying and regulate intestinal flora.

2. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silkworm pupa protein peptide has a molecular weight ≤800 Da, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) content ≥25%, and an aromatic amino acid content ≤18%.

3. The special diet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the silkworm pupa protein peptide includes the following steps: S1: Degreasing treatment of silkworm pupae: The silkworm pupae are crushed and processed using supercritical fluid extraction. Extraction and degreasing, with a degreasing rate of ≥95%, yields degreased silkworm pupa powder; S2: Gradient Enzymatic Hydrolysis: Using defatted silkworm pupa powder as raw material, purified water was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL). After stirring evenly, the pH was adjusted to 8.0, and alkaline protease was added at a concentration of 0.8% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 55℃ and 150 rpm for 2 hours. Subsequently, the pH was adjusted to 7.0, and neutral protease and flavor protease were added at an enzyme activity ratio of 1:1 at a concentration of 0.6% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was continued at 50℃ and 150 rpm for 1.5 hours. Finally, the pH was adjusted to 6.0, and carboxypeptidase was added at a concentration of 0.2% of the raw material weight. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 45℃ and 150 rpm for 0.5 hours, completing the gradient enzymatic hydrolysis. S3: Directional membrane separation: Inactivate the enzyme in the enzymatic hydrolysate at 90℃ for 10 minutes, cool to room temperature, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 15 minutes, take the supernatant, and sequentially pass it through 10kDa, 3kDa, and 800Da ultrafiltration membranes for directional separation, and collect peptide solutions with a molecular weight ≤800Da. S4: Drying: The collected peptide liquid is spray-dried at an inlet air temperature of 170℃, an outlet air temperature of 85℃, and a feed rate of 15–20 mL / min to obtain silkworm pupa protein peptide powder.

4. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil has an ω-3 / ω-6 fatty acid ratio of ≥1:2.5, an encapsulation rate of ≥92%, and an oxidative stability that is ≥40% higher than that of unencapsulated silkworm pupa oil.

5. The special diet according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil includes: silkworm pupa oil undergoing supercritical fluid extraction. Extraction was performed using modified silkworm pupa protein as the inner wall material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the outer wall material, followed by emulsification and spray drying.

6. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degree of deacetylation of the silkworm pupa chitosan is ≥90%, and the viscosity is ≤50. The mulberry leaf extract contains ≥1% 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ).

7. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special diet also includes one or more excipients selected from B vitamins, calcium, zinc, and flavorings, with the total amount of excipients not exceeding 5% of the total weight of the product.

8. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special dietary supplement is available in granule or tablet form.

9. The special diet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glycemic index (GI) of the special diet is ≤20.

10. A method for preparing the special diet according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Weigh each raw material according to the weight percentage and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve respectively; S2: Premix silkworm pupa protein peptides, silkworm pupa chitosan, mulberry leaf extract, and resistant dextrin for 8 minutes; S3: Add the compound sweetener and mix for 5 minutes; S4: Add microencapsulated silkworm pupa oil and mix at low speed for 10 minutes; S5: Obtained by wet granulation or dry compression.

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