A sample crushing device for geological mineral exploration and a method of using the same
The fragmentation device, which combines the impact of the fragmentation head with the synergistic effect of gas disturbance, solves the problem of significant differences in sample particle size after fragmentation by the jaw crusher, thereby improving the uniformity and integrity of sample particle size and ensuring the accuracy of geological and mineral exploration data.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质大队(山东省第一地质矿产勘查院)
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In current geological and mineral exploration, samples crushed by jaw crushers exhibit significant differences in particle size, making it difficult to meet the requirements of the quartering method. This results in uneven sample particle size and affects the accuracy of test data.
The fragmentation device employs a combination of reciprocating impact from the fragmentation head and gas disturbance. By blowing the sample with gas in the gas guide chamber, the force point is changed. The vortex airflow and negative pressure backwashing filter are used to achieve efficient and uniform fragmentation of the sample and prevent dust loss.
This improved sample particle size uniformity, met the requirements of the quartering method, reduced sample loss, and ensured the representativeness and accuracy of the test data.
Smart Images
Figure CN122424892A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological and mineral sample fragmentation technology, and in particular to a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method. Background Technology
[0002] As a crucial preliminary step in mineral resource development and utilization, geological and mineral exploration directly determines the scientific validity of mineral reserve assessment and mining plan formulation based on the accuracy of its data. The fragmentation of geological and mineral samples is a key pretreatment step connecting on-site exploration with laboratory analysis. Subsequent component testing, grade analysis, and material composition studies all rely on the uniformity and integrity of the fragmented sample's particle size. Quartering, as the standard procedure for dividing exploration samples, imposes stringent requirements on sample particle uniformity: only when sample particles are of consistent size and uniformly distributed can the quartering method achieve uniform component division, ensuring that each sample represents the true attributes of the original mineral sample and avoiding data distortion due to sampling deviations. In current geological and mineral exploration practices, existing sample fragmentation processes generally rely on jaw crushers for preliminary fragmentation. However, the working principle of jaw crushers is mainly based on compression crushing, and the structure of their crushing chamber and the way they are subjected to force determines that the samples after preliminary fragmentation have significant defects: On the one hand, the crushing force of the jaw crusher on the mineral sample is concentrated on the contact surface, which easily leads to the coexistence of local over-crushing and large pieces that are not thoroughly crushed. Some mineral samples are squeezed into fine powder, while some incompletely crushed blocky particles remain, resulting in a huge difference in sample particle size. On the other hand, the discharge particle size adjustment precision of the jaw crusher is limited, making it difficult to accurately control the particle uniformity according to the quartering method sampling requirements. The particle size distribution of the fragmented samples usually exceeds the uniform range required by the quartering method sampling, which directly leads to the sample not being evenly distributed during sampling. The composition of the subsamples after equal division has a large deviation and loses representativeness. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, and to provide a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration includes a fragmentation box, an upper support frame installed at the upper end of the fragmentation box, an air guide cavity provided in the upper support frame, a sliding seat reciprocatingly connected in the air guide cavity, a fragmentation head fixedly connected at the lower end of the sliding seat, and the fragmentation head located inside the fragmentation box. The gas guide chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the fragmentation box, and a sealing element is provided between the fragmentation head and the fragmentation box. When the fragmentation head moves down, the gas in the gas guide chamber enters the fragmentation box to blow the geological and mineral samples.
[0005] Preferably, a wing plate is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding seat, an exhaust pipe is provided inside the wing plate, the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the interior of the crushing box, an air inlet pipe is provided on the upper support frame and connected to the air guide chamber, and a return spring is provided between the sliding seat and the upper support frame; wherein, an exhaust port is connected to the upper wall of the crushing box.
[0006] Preferably, the exhaust port is provided with a filter screen.
[0007] Preferably, the crushing chamber is provided with an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is provided with multiple sets of air guide ports that communicate with the inner cavity of the crushing chamber, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the annular cavity.
[0008] Preferably, a lower support frame is fixedly connected to the shredding box, and the upper support frame is fixedly connected to the lower support frame; The lower support frame is equipped with multiple sets of limiting rings, and the exhaust pipe is sleeved inside the limiting rings.
[0009] Preferably, the air inlet is inclined.
[0010] Preferably, the sealing element includes an elastic ring, with its two ends connected to the crushing head and the crushing box, respectively.
[0011] Preferably, the crushing box is connected to a mounting ring by mounting bolts, and the elastic ring is fixedly connected to the mounting ring.
[0012] Preferably, a drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper support frame, a drive gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, a reciprocating lead screw is rotatably connected to the upper support frame, a driven gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of the reciprocating lead screw, and the driven gear meshes with the drive gear; A control plate is slidably connected inside the upper support frame. The control plate is threadedly connected to the reciprocating lead screw, and the control plate is magnetically attracted to the sliding seat. A limiting frame is fixedly connected inside the upper support frame, and the limiting frame is located between the control plate and the sliding seat.
[0013] A method for using a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration mainly includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the geological and mineral sample to be crushed into the inner cavity of the crushing box and install the sealing element at the connection between the crushing box and the crushing head. Step two: Control the sliding seat and the crushing head to move up and down repeatedly; When the sliding seat and the crushing head move down, the crushing head crushes the geological and mineral samples, and the sliding seat squeezes the gas in the gas guide chamber into the crushing chamber to disturb the geological and mineral samples. When the sliding head and the crushing head move up, the space inside the crushing chamber increases and becomes negative pressure. External gas enters the inner chamber through the exhaust port, and the airflow backwashes the filter screen, causing the sample fragments attached to the filter screen to detach and settle to the bottom of the chamber. Step 3: Repeat the operation in Step 2 to cyclically crush the geological and mineral samples; Step four: Collect the obtained geological and mineral samples and divide the samples into equal parts using the quartering method.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its method of use, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method achieve efficient sample fragmentation through the synergistic effect of reciprocating impact from the fragmentation head and gas disturbance. When the fragmentation head moves downward, the gas in the gas guide chamber is blown into the fragmentation box through the exhaust pipe, annular cavity, and inclined gas guide port, forming a vortex-like airflow. On the one hand, this changes the position and stress point of the unfragmented sample, avoiding uneven fragmentation caused by excessive local compression, and making the subsequent impact force more concentrated; on the other hand, it suspends the already pulverized powder, ensuring that the fragmentation head acts preferentially on the unfragmented sample, greatly improving fragmentation efficiency and fineness, and finally obtaining a sample with uniform particle size, meeting the high precision requirements of sample fragmentation in geological and mineral exploration. 2. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method achieve a seal within the fragmentation chamber through a sealing element composed of elastic rings. Combined with a filter screen at the exhaust port, it not only intercepts sample dust during gas discharge, preventing sample loss with the airflow and ensuring sample recovery rate, but also utilizes the reverse airflow generated by the negative pressure within the inner chamber to perform self-cleaning backwashing of the filter screen when the sliding seat moves upward. This causes sample fragments adhering to the filter screen to detach and settle, preventing filter screen clogging and affecting air permeability, further reducing sample loss, and ensuring the integrity and representativeness of the exploration samples. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This invention provides a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control board of a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method proposed in this invention. Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the fragmentation box of a sample fragmentation device and its usage method for geological and mineral exploration proposed in this invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower support frame of a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This invention provides a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration and its usage method. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of part B.
[0016] In the diagram: 1. Crushing box; 101. Lower support frame; 102. Exhaust port; 2. Upper support frame; 201. Limiting frame; 3. Drive motor; 301. Drive gear; 302. Driven gear; 303. Reciprocating screw; 304. Control board; 4. Sliding seat; 401. Wing plate; 402. Return spring; 403. Crushing head; 404. Exhaust pipe; 4041. Annular cavity; 4042. Air guide port; 4043. Limiting ring; 405. Inlet pipe; 5. Mounting ring; 501. Elastic ring; 502. Mounting bolt. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
[0018] Example: Refer to Figure 1-7 A sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration includes a fragmentation box 1, an upper support frame 2 installed on the upper end of the fragmentation box 1, a gas guiding chamber provided in the upper support frame 2, a sliding seat 4 reciprocatingly connected in the gas guiding chamber, a fragmentation head 403 fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding seat 4, and the fragmentation head 403 located in the fragmentation box 1; wherein, the gas guiding chamber communicates with the inner cavity of the fragmentation box 1, and a sealing element is provided between the fragmentation head 403 and the fragmentation box 1, the sealing element including an elastic ring 501, the two ends of the elastic ring 501 being connected to the fragmentation head 403 and the fragmentation box 1 respectively; an installation ring 5 is connected to the fragmentation box 1 by installation bolts 502, the elastic ring 501 is fixedly connected to the installation ring 5, the elastic ring 501 can be contracted under tension, and when the fragmentation head 403 moves down, the gas in the gas guiding chamber enters the fragmentation box 1 to blow the geological and mineral sample; A wing plate 401 is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding seat 4. An exhaust pipe 404 is provided inside the wing plate 401. The other end of the exhaust pipe 404 is connected to the interior of the crushing box 1. An air inlet pipe 405 is provided on the upper support frame 2 and is connected to the air guide chamber. A return spring 402 is provided between the sliding seat 4 and the upper support frame 2. An exhaust port 102 is connected to the upper wall of the crushing box 1. It should be noted that a one-way valve is provided in both the air inlet pipe 405 and the exhaust pipe 404, so that the gas flow direction is external gas, air guide chamber, exhaust pipe 404, and the interior of the crushing box 1. By using the wing plate, the air guide cavity can be sealed when the sliding seat 4 moves to the limit frame 201.
[0019] A filter screen is provided at the exhaust port 102.
[0020] When the sliding seat 4 and the fragmentation head 403 move down, the fragmentation head 403 will strike the geological and mineral sample located in the fragmentation box 1, causing the geological and mineral sample to break. At this time, the fragmentation head 403 moves up and then down under the reciprocating action, further splitting the broken geological and mineral sample. When the sliding seat 4 moves down, it will squeeze the gas in the air guide chamber and enter the inner cavity of the crushing box 1 through the exhaust pipe 404. The gas will blow the crushed geological and mineral sample, change the position of the geological and mineral sample after it has been initially squeezed, and then change the stress point of the geological and mineral sample when it is crushed by the next blow, so that it is easier to crush. Secondly, if the crushed geological and mineral samples are in powder form, they will be blown by the gas and suspended in the inner cavity, so that the impact will mainly target the uncrushed geological and mineral samples, making the impact force more concentrated and the crushing effect better. It should be noted that, since the inner cavity is sealed by a sealing component, the gas entering the inner cavity will be discharged from the exhaust port 102, and the dust will be intercepted by the filter screen, which can prevent sample loss. During the upward movement of the sliding seat 4, the gas in the air guide cavity is replenished through the air inlet pipe 405. As the elastic ring 501 moves upward with the crushing head 403, the space inside the crushing box increases and gradually becomes negative pressure. The gas inside is replenished through the exhaust port 102 and the exhaust pipe 404. At this time, the gas passing through the exhaust port 102 will backwash the filter screen, causing the sample fragments to leave the filter screen and settle, making them easier to collect. It should be noted that when collecting the crushed sample powder, the crushing head 403 needs to be positioned at a high position to facilitate powder collection.
[0021] The crushing box 1 is provided with an annular cavity 4041. The annular cavity 4041 is provided with multiple sets of air guide ports 4042 that communicate with the inner cavity of the crushing box 1. The exhaust pipe 404 is connected to the annular cavity 4041. The annular cavity 4041 is used to connect the exhaust pipe 404 and the air guide ports 4042. A lower support frame 101 is fixedly connected to the crushing box 1, and an upper support frame 2 is fixedly connected to the lower support frame 101; wherein, multiple sets of limiting rings 4043 are installed on the lower support frame 101, and the exhaust pipe 404 is sleeved in the limiting rings 4043.
[0022] The air inlet 4042 is set at an angle; The annular cavity 4041 facilitates the connection of multiple air inlets 4042, and the inclined air inlets 4042 cause the blown gas to vortex the sample powder. When the exhaust pipe 404 is not venting, it is easier for the powder to settle.
[0023] A drive motor 3 is fixedly connected to the upper support frame 2. A drive gear 301 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 3. A reciprocating lead screw 303 is rotatably connected to the upper support frame 2. A driven gear 302 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the reciprocating lead screw 303. The driven gear 302 meshes with the drive gear 301. A control plate 304 is slidably connected inside the upper support frame 2. The control plate 304 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating lead screw 303. The control plate 304 is magnetically attracted to the sliding seat 4. A limit frame 201 is fixedly connected inside the upper support frame 2. The limit frame 201 is located between the control plate 304 and the sliding seat 4. It should be noted that the magnetic attraction between the control plate 304 and the sliding seat 4 is as follows: the sliding seat 4 is a magnet, while the control plate 304 has an electromagnet built in. During the up and down movement of the control plate 304, when the control plate 304 is at its lowest point, the control plate 304 and the sliding seat 4 are magnetically attracted. Thus, when the control plate 304 moves upward, it can pull the sliding seat 4 upward and overcome the elastic force of the return spring 402. When the sliding seat 4 is in contact with the limit frame 201, the direction of the magnetic poles in the control plate 304 changes. At this time, the sliding seat 4 and the control plate 304 are magnetically repelled. Under the action of the reverse magnetic force, its own gravity, and the elastic force of the return spring 402, the sliding seat 4 moves downward and knocks the sample to break it up. It is worth noting that by changing the electromagnetic force within the control board 304, the downward movement speed of the sliding seat 4 and the fragmentation head 403 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the exhaust speed of the exhaust pipe 404, so that the exhaust gas can blow sample particles of different gravities according to the requirements.
[0024] Example 2: Refer to Figure 1-7 A method for using a sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration: When using this device, place the geological and mineral sample to be fragmented into the inner cavity of the fragmentation box 1, ensuring that the sample is laid flat at the bottom of the box; check the connection status of each component of the device, confirm that the mounting ring 5 is reliably fixed by the mounting bolt 502, the two ends of the elastic ring 501 are respectively connected and sealed to the fragmentation head 403 and the mounting ring 5, the exhaust pipe 404 is sleeved in the limiting ring 4043 and communicates with the ring cavity 4041, and the filter screen at the exhaust port 102 is installed in place; Start the drive motor 3 on the upper support frame 2. The output end of the drive motor 3 drives the drive gear 301 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission between the drive gear 301 and the driven gear 302, the reciprocating screw 303 is driven to rotate. The reciprocating screw 303 is threadedly engaged with the control plate 304, and the control plate 304 slides along the upper support frame 2. The rotation of the reciprocating screw 303 is converted into the up-and-down reciprocating movement of the control plate 304. When the control plate 304 moves down to the bottom, its built-in electromagnet and the sliding seat 4 are magnetically attracted. As the control plate 304 moves up, the sliding seat 4 is pulled up synchronously, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 402 in the process. When the sliding seat 4 moves up, its side wing plate 401 fits against the limiting frame 201, forming a seal for the air guide cavity. A negative pressure is formed in the air guide cavity, and external gas is replenished into the air guide cavity through the air inlet pipe 405. Simultaneously, the fragmentation head 403 moves up with the sliding seat 4, and the elastic ring 501 is pulled and contracts, increasing the internal space of the fragmentation box 1 and creating a negative pressure state. External gas enters the internal cavity through the exhaust port 102, and the airflow backwashes the filter screen, causing the sample fragments attached to the filter screen to detach and settle to the bottom of the box. At the same time, the negative pressure in the internal cavity is replenished with gas through the exhaust pipe 404, completing the gas balance in the internal cavity. When the sliding seat 4 moves upward and touches the limit frame 201, the magnetic poles of the electromagnet built into the control board 304 reverse, forming a magnetic repulsion force with the sliding seat 4. Under the combined action of the magnetic repulsion force, its own weight, and the elastic force of the return spring 402, the sliding seat 4 moves downward rapidly, driving the crushing head 403 to impact the geological and mineral samples in the crushing box 1, achieving the initial crushing of the samples. When the sliding seat 4 moves downward, it compresses the gas in the air guide chamber. The gas enters the annular cavity 4041 through the exhaust pipe 404 and is evenly blown into the inner cavity of the crushing box 1 through multiple sets of inclined air guide ports 4042. The gas blown out by the inclined air inlet 4042 causes the sample fragments and powder to form a vortex flow. On the one hand, this changes the position of the incompletely fragmented sample and adjusts its stress point, making it easier to crush it by subsequent hammering and splitting. On the other hand, it suspends the powdered sample, preventing the force from being dispersed when the crushing head 403 strikes, and ensuring that the force is concentrated on the incompletely fragmented sample. The gas in the inner cavity is discharged through the exhaust port 102 under pressure. The suspended sample powder is intercepted by the filter screen to prevent sample loss. At the same time, the elastic ring 501 moves down and resets with the crushing head 403 to ensure the inner cavity is sealed. The control board 304 moves up and down repeatedly, driving the sliding seat 4 and the fragmentation head 403 to repeatedly move upward to charge and store air, and then move downward to fragment. Each time it moves downward, the fragmentation head 403 strikes and breaks up the sample multiple times, gradually refining the sample particle size. Each gas disturbance optimizes the sample's stress state, avoiding uneven fragmentation caused by excessive local compression. At the same time, the vortex airflow achieves dynamic flipping of the sample. During the cycle, the filter screen maintains its air permeability through the dual action of intercepting dust when moving downward and backwashing to clean dust when moving upward, and the sample fragments are always retained in the chamber. After the sample is crushed to the preset particle size, the drive motor 3 is turned off, and the control board 304 drives the sliding seat 4 to move up to the highest limit. The crushing head 403 stays at a high position to avoid interfering with sample collection. After the air supply is stopped, the sample powder suspended in the chamber settles to the bottom of the chamber under the action of gravity. The mounting ring at the top of the crushing chamber 1 is opened to collect the settled sample fragments and pieces, thus completing the entire sample crushing process.
[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration, characterized in that, Includes a shredding box (1), an upper support frame (2) is installed on the upper end of the shredding box (1), an air guide cavity is provided in the upper support frame (2), a sliding seat (4) is reciprocally slidably connected in the air guide cavity, a shredding head (403) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sliding seat (4), and the shredding head (403) is located in the shredding box (1); The gas guide chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the fragmentation box (1), and a sealing element is provided between the fragmentation head (403) and the fragmentation box (1). When the fragmentation head (403) moves down, the gas in the gas guide chamber enters the fragmentation box (1) to blow the geological mineral sample.
2. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding seat (4) is fixedly connected to the side of the wing plate (401), and the wing plate (401) is provided with an exhaust pipe (404). The other end of the exhaust pipe (404) is connected to the interior of the crushing box (1). The upper support frame (2) is provided with an air inlet pipe (405) connected to the air guide chamber. A return spring (402) is provided between the sliding seat (4) and the upper support frame (2). The upper wall of the fragmentation box (1) is connected to an exhaust port (102).
3. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, A filter screen is provided at the exhaust port (102).
4. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crushing box (1) is provided with an annular cavity (4041), and the annular cavity (4041) is provided with multiple air inlets (4042) that communicate with the inner cavity of the crushing box (1). The exhaust pipe (404) is connected to the annular cavity (4041).
5. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shredding box (1) is fixedly connected to a lower support frame (101), and the upper support frame (2) is fixedly connected to the lower support frame (101); The lower support frame (101) is equipped with multiple sets of limiting rings (4043), and the exhaust pipe (404) is sleeved inside the limiting rings (4043).
6. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air inlet (4042) is set at an angle.
7. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing element includes an elastic ring (501), the two ends of which are connected to the crushing head (403) and the crushing box (1), respectively.
8. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The crushing box (1) is connected to a mounting ring (5) by mounting bolts (502), and the elastic ring (501) is fixedly connected to the mounting ring (5).
9. The sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, A drive motor (3) is fixedly connected to the upper support frame (2), and a drive gear (301) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (3). A reciprocating screw (303) is rotatably connected to the upper support frame (2), and a driven gear (302) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the reciprocating screw (303). The driven gear (302) meshes with the drive gear (301). A control plate (304) is slidably connected inside the upper support frame (2). The control plate (304) is threadedly connected to the reciprocating lead screw (303). The control plate (304) is magnetically attracted to the sliding seat (4). The upper support frame (2) is fixedly connected to a limiting frame (201), which is located between the control plate (304) and the sliding seat (4).
10. A method of using the sample fragmentation device for geological and mineral exploration as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The main steps include: Step 1: Place the geological mineral sample to be crushed into the inner cavity of the crushing box (1) and install the sealing element at the connection between the crushing box (1) and the crushing head (403); Step 2: Control the sliding seat (4) and the crushing head (403) to move up and down reciprocally; When the sliding seat (4) and the crushing head (403) move down, the crushing head (403) crushes the geological and mineral samples, and the sliding seat (4) squeezes the gas in the gas guide chamber into the crushing box (1) to disturb the geological and mineral samples. When the sliding head (403) moves upward, the internal space of the fragmentation chamber (1) increases and becomes negative pressure. External gas enters the internal cavity through the exhaust port (102), and the airflow backwashes the filter screen, causing the sample fragments attached to the filter screen to detach and settle to the bottom of the chamber. Step 3: Repeat the operation in Step 2 to cyclically crush the geological and mineral samples; Step four: Collect the obtained geological and mineral samples and divide the samples into equal parts using the quartering method.