An underground coal gangue sorting device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of sorting equipment, and discloses an underground coal gangue sorting equipment, which comprises a machine body, a vibrating type feeding frame for inputting mixed materials is arranged at the front end of the machine body, and a sorting assembly is further arranged on the machine body. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment cooperates with two mirror image flow guides to centrally orient and convey the materials. When the asynchronous motor on the second mounting frame is started, the rotating plate rotates, a convex column and a limiting column are cooperated to swing the rectangular plate, and the other convex column synchronously slides in the chute, so that the two swing plates synchronously swing, and the current materials are guided to the corresponding two separation strips of the discharging frame according to the type of the materials obtained in front, the sandstone gangue falls through the first through slot, and the coal is directly output through the rear end of the discharging frame, so that the collecting mechanism of the materials is not stopped for replacement, and the underground coal gangue sorting can be better performed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sorting equipment technology, specifically to an underground coal gangue sorting equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Coal is a basic energy source in my country. During the mining process, raw coal is usually mixed with a large amount of gangue impurities. Gangue not only reduces the calorific value of coal, but also increases the cost of transportation, washing and processing. Underground in-situ separation is the mainstream development direction of the coal mining industry. It can directly separate coal and gangue underground, reduce the amount of ineffective gangue brought to the surface, and reduce the pressure on surface washing and processing.

[0003] In existing technologies, underground coal gangue sorting equipment mostly relies on X-ray identification technology to identify materials. Conventional equipment mainly consists of a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism, an X-ray identification mechanism, and a simple sorting execution mechanism. The material is fed onto the conveyor belt through the feeding device, and the material composition is identified by X-ray scanning. Coal and ordinary gangue are simply separated and collected, thus completing the basic coal gangue sorting operation.

[0004] However, existing sorting equipment still has certain shortcomings in actual downhole use:

[0005] Firstly, existing sorting mechanisms have simple flow guide structures and fixed sorting channels, and most can only distinguish between coal and ordinary gangue, and cannot separately classify special gangue of magnetite type. The types of materials sorted are limited and the degree of sorting refinement is low.

[0006] Secondly, conventional equipment is difficult to use for continuous material collection without shutting down the machine, which limits the continuity of operations;

[0007] Third, underground operations generate a large amount of dust. After long-term operation, floating dust easily accumulates at the bottom of the identification mechanism, and coal dust easily adheres to the surface of the conveyor belt. Conventional equipment lacks supporting cleaning and blowing structures, and the accumulation of dust and debris can easily cause identification errors and mechanism jamming, resulting in generally poor equipment operation stability.

[0008] Fourth, the fixed spacing of traditional guide channels cannot be well adapted to mixtures of materials with different particle sizes. Large materials are prone to blockage, resulting in poor material flow and conveying. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underground coal gangue sorting device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] An underground coal gangue sorting device includes a machine body, a vibrating feed frame for inputting mixed materials is provided at the front end of the machine body, a transmission component for conveying materials is provided at the top end of the machine body, a first mounting frame is fixedly installed on the top end of the machine body, an X-ray imaging recognition mechanism and a controller are fixedly installed on the first mounting frame, and a sorting component is also provided on the machine body. The sorting component includes two sets of guide frames, and the two sets of guide frames are fixedly installed at the front end of the machine body in a mirror image.

[0012] A second mounting bracket is fixedly installed on the top of the machine body, and an asynchronous motor is fixedly installed on the top of the second mounting bracket. The output end of the asynchronous motor is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating plate. A swing plate is hinged to the rear end of the flow guide, and a protruding post is fixedly installed on the top of the other end of the swing plate. A limit post is rotatably installed inside the other end of the rotating plate through a bearing component. The limit post is fixedly installed at the top center of the rectangular plate. A through groove is opened on the rectangular plate. There are two protruding posts. One protruding post is rotatably installed in the hole of the rectangular plate through a bearing component, and the other protruding post slides against the inside of the groove.

[0013] A feeding frame is fixedly installed at the rear end of the machine body. Multiple partition strips are integrally formed on the feeding frame. Multiple through slots are staggered on the feeding frame. A through bottom slot is opened at the same position at the front end of each of the partition strips. The transmitter and receiver of an infrared distance sensor are fixedly installed on the outside of the two outermost partition strips, respectively.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the swing plate does not contact the separator strip when it swings, thus avoiding motion interference.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the bottom of the X-ray imaging identification mechanism is located directly above the center of the line connecting the rear ends of the two guide frames, which allows for better identification of the material type.

[0016] In a further embodiment, five separator bars are arranged in a linear array with equal spacing, dividing the front end of the unloading rack into four material sorting channels. Two first through slots are provided and are staggered between the five separator bars.

[0017] In a further embodiment, an auxiliary component is provided on the outside of the flow guide frame. The auxiliary component includes an asynchronous motor, which is fixedly installed on the outside of the separator bars. A rotating shaft is rotatably installed between multiple separator bars via sealed bearings. The output end of the asynchronous motor is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft. Multiple baffles are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft. Multiple through-holes are also provided on the unloading frame. Multiple sets of baffles and second through-holes are arranged between multiple separator bars. Fixing strips are fixedly installed on the outside of multiple separator bars to better withstand the impact of materials.

[0018] In a further embodiment, the rear end of the machine body is sequentially provided with a first collecting device, multiple sets of second collecting devices and a third collecting device. The bottom of the first collecting device, multiple sets of second collecting devices and the third collecting device are all provided with a weighing mechanism. The first collecting device is located below the second through groove, the second collecting device is located below the first through groove, and the third collecting device is located below the rear end of the unloading rack.

[0019] In a further embodiment, a cleaning component is also provided on the outside of the flow guide frame. The cleaning component includes hard bristles, which are disposed at the bottom end of the swing plate. A baffle is fixedly installed on the outside of the rear end of the swing plate to improve cleaning efficiency.

[0020] In a further embodiment, a protective cover is fixedly installed on the top of the machine body. Two multi-head tubes are fixedly installed inside the bottom of the protective cover. Multiple suction nozzles are fixedly installed at the input end of each multi-head tube. The suction nozzles are conical. The output ends of the two multi-head tubes are fixedly connected to the input end of the air intake pipe. A filter and an air pump are fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover. The output end of the air intake pipe is fixedly connected to the input end of the filter. The output end of the filter is fixedly connected to the input end of the air pump.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the suction pump is equipped with a purging assembly, which includes an exhaust pipe. The input end of the exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the output end of the suction pump, and the output end of the exhaust pipe is fixedly mounted with the small end of a nozzle. The large end of the nozzle faces the bottom of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism. The inner diameter of the exhaust pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the small end of the nozzle, making the blown airflow more powerful.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the guide frame is equipped with a movable component, which includes a side plate. The side plate is fixedly installed on the rear outer wall of a guide frame, and a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the side plate. A push plate is fixedly installed on the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder, and an inclined plate is fixedly installed on the push plate. The inclined plate is slidably installed inside the guide frame. The inclined plate is inclined, and the two sides of the end of the inclined plate near the center of the machine body are set as inclined surfaces, so that the material can be conveyed backward in an orderly manner, resulting in better sorting effect.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an underground coal gangue sorting device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This underground coal gangue sorting equipment, through the setting of sorting components and the cooperation of two mirrored guide frames, performs centered directional conveying of materials. When the asynchronous motor on the second mounting frame is started, the rotating plate rotates, and with the help of a protruding column and a limiting column, the rectangular plate swings. The other protruding column slides synchronously inside the chute, so that the two swinging plates swing synchronously. According to the material type obtained earlier, the current material is guided to the corresponding two separators of the feeding frame. Sandstone gangue falls through the first channel, while coal is directly output through the rear end of the feeding frame. When the material passes through the bottom chute, the infrared distance sensor can detect whether the material has passed. Each time the material passes, the processor sends a command to the asynchronous motor to determine whether to run. The material collection mechanism can also be replaced without stopping the machine, thus enabling better sorting of coal gangue underground.

[0025] 2. To improve sorting efficiency, this underground coal gangue sorting equipment incorporates auxiliary components. When an X-ray imaging recognition mechanism identifies the current material as magnetite gangue, an asynchronous motor is activated, causing the rotating shaft to drive a baffle to rotate and move away from the second channel. The baffle then presses against a fixing strip to better withstand the impact of the material. The magnetite gangue material is thus intercepted by the baffle and falls through the second channel into the first collection device. It should be noted that if the material is magnetite gangue, the swing plate will remain stationary; that is, the infrared distance sensor will not trigger the swing command. The second collection device collects sandstone gangue falling through the first channel, and the third collection device collects coal. A corresponding weighing mechanism is used to obtain the total amount of material collected for each type, thereby improving sorting efficiency.

[0026] 3. In order to improve the practicality of the underground coal gangue sorting equipment, a cleaning component is set up. When the swing plate swings back and forth, the hard bristles continuously clean the outside of the conveyor belt in the rotating transmission component. Together with the baffle plate, the debris and dust are intercepted, thereby avoiding the accumulation of debris and affecting the swing of the swing plate, thus improving the practicality of the equipment.

[0027] 4. In order to improve the sorting efficiency, this underground coal gangue sorting equipment is equipped with a protective cover. When the air pump is started, it works with the filter to intercept debris and dust. The air inlet pipe and multi-head pipe create negative pressure inside multiple sets of dust suction nozzles, thereby comprehensively removing debris and dust splashed during the sorting process and swept by hard bristles. This keeps the operating area clean, better protects the equipment, and avoids the impact of manual cleaning on sorting efficiency.

[0028] 5. In order to improve the sorting accuracy, this underground coal gangue sorting equipment is equipped with a purging component. The clean gas to be discharged from the suction pump is directed to the nozzle through the air outlet pipe, thereby continuously purging and cleaning the bottom of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism to avoid dust accumulation at the bottom affecting the sorting accuracy. At the same time, no additional air supply equipment is needed, which is more energy-efficient. The inner diameter of the air outlet pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the small end of the nozzle, which narrows the pipeline channel. The narrow tube effect increases the fluid velocity and strengthens the airflow, resulting in better cleaning effect.

[0029] 6. To improve the practicality of this underground coal gangue sorting equipment, a moving component is installed. An X-ray imaging recognition mechanism synchronously identifies the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the current material, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinders on the side plates by a corresponding distance. This, in conjunction with a push plate, drives the inclined plate to slide a corresponding distance within the corresponding guide frame. The distance between the inclined plate and the side wall of another guide frame can be adaptively adjusted according to the size of the current material. The inclined direction and slope settings better guide the material flow, preventing blockages and ensuring orderly material transport, resulting in better sorting and improved equipment practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from another perspective;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a first-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a second-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a third-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a fourth-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional top view of the purging assembly of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a fifth-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a sixth-view schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a top view schematic diagram of the sorting component of the present invention, showing multiple sorting states.

[0040] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0041] 1. Machine body; 2. Vibrating feeder; 3. Transmission components; 4. First mounting bracket; 5. X-ray imaging recognition mechanism; 6. Controller;

[0042] 7. Sorting assembly; 71. Flow guide frame; 72. Second mounting frame; 73. Asynchronous motor; 74. Turning plate; 75. Swinging plate; 76. Protruding column; 77. Limiting column; 78. Rectangular plate; 79. Slide groove; 710. Unloading rack; 711. Separator bar; 712. First through groove; 713. Infrared distance sensor; 714. Bottom groove;

[0043] 8. Auxiliary components; 81. Asynchronous motor; 82. Rotating shaft; 83. Baffle; 84. Second through slot; 85. Fixing bar; 86. First collecting device; 87. Second collecting device; 88. Third collecting device; 89. Weighing mechanism;

[0044] 9. Cleaning components; 91. Stiff bristles; 92. Baffle; 93. Protective cover; 94. Multi-head tube; 95. Vacuum nozzle; 96. Air inlet tube; 97. Filter; 98. Suction pump;

[0045] 10. Purge assembly; 101. Air outlet pipe; 102. Nozzle;

[0046] 11. Moving component; 111. Side plate; 112. Hydraulic cylinder; 113. Push plate; 114. Inclined plate. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In this application, the term "above" indicates the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is primarily used to better describe this application and its embodiments, and is not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to construct and operate in a specific orientation. Furthermore, the term "above" may also be used in certain circumstances to indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] Please see Figures 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0050] An underground coal gangue sorting device includes a body 1. A vibrating feed frame 2 for inputting mixed materials is located at the front end of the body 1. A transmission component 3 for conveying materials is located at the top of the body 1. A first mounting frame 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the body 1. An X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 and a controller 6 are fixedly installed on the first mounting frame 4. A sorting assembly 7 is also provided on the body 1. The sorting assembly 7 includes two sets of guide frames 71, which are mirror-mounted at the front end of the body 1. Further, the bottom end of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 is located directly above the center of the line connecting the rear ends of the two guide frames 71 for better material identification. A second mounting frame 72 is fixedly installed on the top of the body 1. An asynchronous motor 73 is fixedly installed on the top of the second mounting frame 72. The output end of the asynchronous motor 73 is fixedly connected to one end of a rotating plate 74. A swing plate 75 is hinged to one end of the rear end of the guide frame 71. A protruding post 76 is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating plate 74. A limiting post 77 is rotatably installed inside the other end of the rotating plate 74 through a bearing. The limiting post 77 is fixedly installed at the top center of the rectangular plate 78. A through groove 79 is opened on the rectangular plate 78. There are two protruding posts 76. One protruding post 76 is rotatably installed in the hole of the rectangular plate 78 through a bearing. The other protruding post 76 slides against the inside of the groove 79. A feeding rack 710 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the machine body 1. Multiple dividing strips 711 are integrally formed on the feeding rack 710. Multiple through first slots 712 are staggered on the feeding rack 710. A through bottom groove 714 is opened at the same position at the front end of the multiple dividing strips 711. The transmitter and receiver of the infrared distance sensor 713 are fixedly installed on the outside of the two outermost dividing strips 711, respectively. Furthermore, the swing plate 75 does not contact the dividing strips 711 when it swings, so as to avoid motion interference.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 10 The transmission component 3 includes a transmission motor, a transmission roller and a transmission belt. Five separator bars 711 are arranged in a linear array with equal spacing, dividing the front end of the unloading rack 710 into four material sorting channels (set as a, b, c and d respectively). Two first through slots 712 are provided and are staggered between the five separator bars 711.

[0053] Specifically, when the underground coal and gangue sorting equipment is working, the mixture of coal and gangue is first fed into the top of the machine body 1 by the vibrating feeder 2. The material falls onto the surface of the transmission component 3, and the transmission component 3 enables continuous and uniform material conveying. During the conveying process on the transmission component 3, the material smoothly passes under the first mounting frame 4, and the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 completes the non-destructive detection and recognition of the material. The X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 adopts the principle of low-energy X-ray transmission detection. The internal X-ray emitter of the equipment emits X-rays in a directional manner to penetrate the conveyed material. Different transmission attenuation effects are produced according to the different densities, mineral compositions and density differences of the materials. The internal imaging acquisition module generates grayscale images and transmits them to the controller 6 in real time. The internal processor of the controller 6 receives the imaging signals and performs grayscale threshold comparison and judgment. It utilizes the physical characteristics of coal, such as low density, low ash content, and strong X-ray penetration, to form a light grayscale image. Sandstone gangue has a medium density and forms a medium grayscale image. Magnetite gangue has an extremely high iron content, the highest density, and the highest degree of X-ray attenuation, forming a dark-colored image with the darkest color and the clearest outline. This accurately distinguishes the three types of materials. At the same time, it simultaneously collects the material's shape outline, horizontal cross-sectional area, and other dimensional data, providing a preliminary judgment basis for subsequent adaptive flow guidance and sorting switching.

[0054] Material is continuously conveyed. Two sets of mirror-mounted guide frames 71 center and limit the flow of scattered materials, ensuring orderly material conveying and preventing material deviation from causing identification errors. The controller 6 precisely controls the rotation angle of the asynchronous motor 73 based on the front-mounted X-ray imaging identification results. The asynchronous motor 73 on the second mounting frame 72 starts and drives the rotating plate 74 to rotate. The rotating plate 74, in conjunction with the limiting column 77, drives the rectangular plate 78 to swing. The rectangular plate 78 uses its own sliding groove 79 to form a sliding pair structure with the protruding column 76 on one side, while relying on the protruding column 76 on the other side to achieve rigid power transmission, driving the two sets of swing plates 75 to swing synchronously and in the same direction, thereby adjusting the deflection amplitude of the swing plates 75. The unloading rack 710 divides independent sorting channels through the separator strip 711, thereby accurately guiding different types of materials to the corresponding channels. Sandstone gangue falls downward through the first channel 712, and coal is directly discharged along the rear end of the unloading rack 710. Material passage process The material passes through the bottom trough 714 between the separator bars 711 at a constant speed. The infrared distance sensor 713 adopts the infrared pulse ranging sensing principle. Its transmitter continuously emits an infrared detection beam. The beam penetrates the bottom trough 714 and shines on the receiver. When there is no material blocking the beam, the infrared beam conducts normally and the sensor outputs a constant level signal. When the material passes through the bottom trough 714 and blocks the infrared beam, the infrared light is reflected and refracted and cannot reach the receiver directly. The sensor level signal changes instantaneously, thus accurately capturing the material passage trigger signal and feeding it back to the controller 6 in real time. Each time the controller 6 receives a material passage feedback signal, it sends a start / stop and angle adjustment control command to the asynchronous motor 73, controlling the swing plate 75 to switch between channels a and b or channels c and d according to the actual sorting conditions. This allows the collection mechanism to be switched without stopping the material conveying and sorting operations, realizing non-stop material changing operations and improving the continuous sorting operation capability underground.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Based on Example 1, see [link / reference] Figures 2-4 An auxiliary component 8 is provided on the outside of the flow guide 71. The auxiliary component 8 includes an asynchronous motor 81, which is fixedly installed on the outside of the separator 711. A rotating shaft 82 is rotatably installed between the five separators 711 through a sealed bearing. The output end of the asynchronous motor 81 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft 82. Four baffles 83 are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft 82. The unloading rack 710 also has four through-hole second slots 84. The four baffles 83 and the second through-holes 84 are arranged between the five separators 711. Fixing strips 85 are fixedly installed on the outside of the five separators 711 to better withstand the impact of materials.

[0057] Furthermore, a first collecting device 86, two sets of second collecting devices 87 and a third collecting device 88 are sequentially arranged at the rear end of the machine body 1. A weighing mechanism 89 is provided at the bottom of the first collecting device 86, the two sets of second collecting devices 87 and the third collecting device 88. The first collecting device 86 is located below the second through groove 84, the second collecting device 87 is located below the first through groove 712, and the third collecting device 88 is located below the rear end of the unloading rack 710.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 identifies the material as magnetite gangue in real time, the auxiliary component 8 starts synchronously. The asynchronous motor 81 on the outside of the separator 711 drives the rotating shaft 82 to rotate in a specific direction. The rotating shaft 82 drives each set of baffles 83 to rotate synchronously and disengage from the second channel 84 until the baffles 83 are fully rotated to the limit position and tightly abut against the surface of the fixing strip 85. The fixing strip 85 bears the impact load of the material, ensuring the structural stability of the baffles 83. The baffles 83 intercept the magnetite gangue being transported. This type of gangue is blocked by the baffles 83 and falls vertically through the second channel 84 by its own gravity, eventually falling into the first collection device 86 for separate collection. Under this special sorting condition... The controller 6 locks the asynchronous motor 73 in operation, keeping the swing plate 75 stationary. At the same time, it shields the signal triggering function of the infrared distance sensor 713 to prevent the sensor from accidentally triggering the swing adjustment command after detecting material passage. During the sorting process, sandstone gangue falls steadily through the first channel 712 into the second collection device 87 for centralized collection, while coal is directly transported to the third collection device 88 for storage without obstruction. Weighing mechanisms 89 are installed at the bottom of the first collection device 86, the second collection device 87, and the third collection device 88. The weighing mechanisms 89 collect the weight data of various materials in real time and upload it to the controller 6 to complete the material classification and metering operation, which facilitates the staff to count the sorting output and sorting ratio.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Based on Example 1, see [link / reference] Figure 8 and Figure 9 The guide frame 71 is also equipped with a cleaning component 9, which includes a hard brush bristle 91. The hard brush bristle 91 is located at the bottom of the swing plate 75. A baffle 92 is fixedly installed on the rear end of the swing plate 75 to improve cleaning efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, during the continuous sorting operation, the swing plate 75 of the sorting component 7 swings, and the hard bristles 91 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the swing plate 75 continuously press against the outer surface of the transmission component 3 conveyor belt. As the conveyor belt runs, friction cleaning is achieved, scraping off the coal powder and gangue debris adhering to the surface of the conveyor belt. The baffle 92 fixedly installed on the outside of the swing plate 75 forms a shielding area to intercept the splashed block debris and floating dust during the cleaning process, avoiding debris accumulation that causes jamming and ensuring the smooth swing of the swing plate 75, thus achieving basic mechanical cleaning and protection of the equipment.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] Based on Examples 1 and 3, see [link to example 1] Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 A protective cover 93 is fixedly installed on the top of the body 1. Two multi-head tubes 94 are fixedly installed inside the bottom of the protective cover 93. Six suction nozzles 95 are fixedly installed at the input end of each multi-head tube 94. The suction nozzles 95 are conical. The output ends of the two multi-head tubes 94 are fixedly connected to the input end of the air intake pipe 96. A filter 97 and an air pump 98 are fixedly installed on the top of the protective cover 93. The output end of the air intake pipe 96 is fixedly connected to the input end of the filter 97. The output end of the filter 97 is fixedly connected to the input end of the air pump 98.

[0064] In this embodiment, the protective cover 93 fixed on the top of the machine body 1 provides full enclosure protection for the central sorting area, isolating external dust and preventing internal debris from overflowing. After the suction pump 98 mounted on the top of the protective cover 93 is started, it forms a negative pressure suction inside the pipeline. The airflow passes through the air inlet pipe 96 and the multi-head pipe 94 in sequence to split the airflow, so that a negative pressure adsorption area is formed around each set of dust suction nozzles 95. The multi-point all-round suction removes the splashing dust generated during the sorting operation and the residual debris swept off by the hard bristles 91. The dust-laden mixed airflow is transported inward to the filter 97, and the filter element inside the filter 97 intercepts and fixes the dust and solid impurities.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] Based on Examples 1 and 4, see [link to example 1] Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 5-7 The suction pump 98 is equipped with a purge assembly 10, which includes an exhaust pipe 101. The input end of the exhaust pipe 101 is fixedly connected to the output end of the suction pump 98. The output end of the exhaust pipe 101 is fixedly mounted with the small end of the nozzle 102. The large end of the nozzle 102 faces the bottom of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5. The inner diameter of the exhaust pipe 101 is set to... (The inner diameter of the small end of nozzle 102 is greater than the inner diameter of the nozzle 102 (set to...) This makes the blown airflow stronger, specifically:

[0067] Assuming the intake flow rate remains constant, the pipe diameter is changed from... Reduce to Cross-sectional area:

[0068]

[0069] flow Constant;

[0070]

[0071] Therefore, it can be seen that the airflow impact force is approximately proportional to the square of the flow velocity. The greater the flow velocity, the greater the force that blows away the floating dust, resulting in a better cleaning effect.

[0072] In this embodiment, the filtered clean gas discharged by the suction pump 98 is introduced into the outlet pipe 101 of the purging assembly 10. The clean airflow is smoothly delivered through the outlet pipe 101 with a large inner diameter, and then flows into the small-head inlet of the nozzle 102 with a smaller orifice. By utilizing the fluid slit effect to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow, the airflow rate is accelerated under the premise of constant gas flow, which greatly enhances the impact force of the airflow. The high-pressure, high-speed clean airflow is directionally ejected from the large-head outlet of the nozzle 102, continuously purging and cleaning the bottom detection area of ​​the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5, and promptly blowing away the coal dust and floating ash deposited at the bottom to avoid dust blocking the X-rays and interfering with the imaging quality, and to prevent the accumulation of dust from causing misjudgment of material recognition, thus ensuring constant recognition accuracy. This purging structure reuses the clean gas after dust removal and filtration, eliminating the need for additional air compressors, air supply pumps and other air supply equipment, effectively reducing equipment energy consumption, and simplifying the equipment structure.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] Based on Example 1, see [link / reference] Figure 9 The guide frame 71 is equipped with a moving component 11, which includes a side plate 111. The side plate 111 is fixedly installed on the rear outer wall of the guide frame 71. A hydraulic cylinder 112 is fixedly installed on the side plate 111. A push plate 113 is fixedly installed on the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder 112. An inclined plate 114 is fixedly installed on the push plate 113. The inclined plate 114 is slidably installed inside the guide frame 71. The inclined plate 114 is inclined, and the two sides of the end of the inclined plate 114 near the center of the machine body 1 are set as inclined surfaces, so that the material can be conveyed backward in an orderly manner, resulting in better sorting effect.

[0075] In this embodiment, during continuous sorting, the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5, in addition to determining the material type, simultaneously scans and detects the material's external dimensions, accurately calculates the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the material, and transmits the dimensional electrical signal to the controller 6 in real time. The controller 6, combined with the material size data, controls the precise operation of the moving component 11. The hydraulic cylinder 112, fixedly installed on the side plate 111, adaptively extends and retracts according to the material specifications. The piston end of the hydraulic cylinder 112 drives the push plate 113 to move laterally. The push plate 113 simultaneously drives the inclined plate 114 to slide against the plate surface inside the guide frame 71, precisely adjusting the passage distance between the inclined plate 114 and the side wall of the other guide frame 71. This adapts to the passage of blocky materials of different sizes. The inclined plate 114, with its own inclined surface and end inclined structure, guides and sorts the material, weakening the material passage resistance. At the same time, it limits and guides large pieces of material, preventing sharp-edged materials from getting stuck inside the guide frame 71, ensuring that the material is transported backward in an orderly manner, and further improving the overall sorting effect of the equipment.

[0076] Working Principle: When this underground coal and gangue sorting equipment is in operation, a mixture of coal and gangue is first fed into the top of the machine body 1 by a vibrating feeder 2. The material falls onto the surface of the transmission component 3, which continuously and uniformly conveys the material. During its conveying process on the transmission component 3, the material smoothly passes under the first mounting frame 4. The X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 performs non-destructive testing and identification of the material. The X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5 uses the low-energy X-ray transmission detection principle. The internal X-ray emitter directionally emits X-rays that penetrate the conveyed material. Different transmission attenuation effects are produced based on the density, mineral composition, and density differences of the material. The internal imaging acquisition module generates grayscale images and transmits them to the controller 6 in real time. The internal processor of the controller 6 receives the imaging signals and performs grayscale threshold comparison and judgment. It utilizes the physical characteristics of coal, such as low density, low ash content, and strong X-ray penetration, to form a light grayscale image. Sandstone gangue has a medium density and forms a medium grayscale image. Magnetite gangue has an extremely high iron content, the highest density, and the highest degree of X-ray attenuation, forming a dark-colored image with the darkest color and the clearest outline. This accurately distinguishes the three types of materials. At the same time, it simultaneously collects the material's shape outline, horizontal cross-sectional area, and other dimensional data, providing a preliminary judgment basis for subsequent adaptive flow guidance and sorting switching.

[0077] Material is continuously conveyed. Two sets of mirror-mounted guide frames 71 center and limit the flow of scattered materials, ensuring orderly material conveying and preventing material deviation from causing identification errors. The controller 6 precisely controls the rotation angle of the asynchronous motor 73 based on the front-mounted X-ray imaging identification results. The asynchronous motor 73 on the second mounting frame 72 starts and drives the rotating plate 74 to rotate. The rotating plate 74, in conjunction with the limiting column 77, drives the rectangular plate 78 to swing. The rectangular plate 78 uses its own sliding groove 79 to form a sliding pair structure with the protruding column 76 on one side, while relying on the protruding column 76 on the other side to achieve rigid power transmission, driving the two sets of swing plates 75 to swing synchronously and in the same direction, thereby adjusting the deflection amplitude of the swing plates 75. The unloading rack 710 divides independent sorting channels through the separator strip 711, thereby accurately guiding different types of materials to the corresponding channels. Sandstone gangue falls downward through the first channel 712, and coal is directly discharged along the rear end of the unloading rack 710. Material passage process The material passes through the bottom trough 714 between the separator bars 711 at a constant speed. The infrared distance sensor 713 adopts the infrared pulse ranging sensing principle. Its transmitter continuously emits an infrared detection beam. The beam penetrates the bottom trough 714 and shines on the receiver. When there is no material blocking the beam, the infrared beam conducts normally and the sensor outputs a constant level signal. When the material passes through the bottom trough 714 and blocks the infrared beam, the infrared light is reflected and refracted and cannot reach the receiver directly. The sensor level signal changes instantaneously, thus accurately capturing the material passage trigger signal and feeding it back to the controller 6 in real time. Each time the controller 6 receives a material passage feedback signal, it sends a start / stop and angle adjustment control command to the asynchronous motor 73, controlling the swing plate 75 to switch between channels a and b or channels c and d according to the actual sorting conditions. This allows the collection mechanism to be switched without stopping the material conveying and sorting operations, realizing non-stop material changing operations and improving the continuous sorting operation capability underground.

[0078] When the X-ray imaging identification mechanism 5 identifies the material as magnetite gangue in real time, the auxiliary component 8 starts synchronously. The asynchronous motor 81 on the outside of the separator 711 drives the rotating shaft 82 to rotate in a specific direction. The rotating shaft 82 drives each set of baffles 83 to rotate synchronously and disengage from the second channel 84 until the baffles 83 are fully rotated to the limit position and tightly abut against the surface of the fixing bar 85. The fixing bar 85 bears the impact load of the material, ensuring the structural stability of the baffles 83. The baffles 83 intercept the magnetite gangue being transported. This type of gangue is blocked by the baffles 83 and falls vertically through the second channel 84 by its own gravity, eventually falling into the first collection device 86 for separate collection. Under this special sorting condition, the controller... 6. The asynchronous motor 73 is locked in its operating state, keeping the swing plate 75 stationary. At the same time, the signal triggering function of the infrared distance sensor 713 is shielded to prevent the sensor from accidentally triggering the swing adjustment command after detecting material passage. During the sorting process, sandstone gangue falls steadily through the first channel 712 into the second collection device 87 for centralized collection, while coal is directly transported to the third collection device 88 for storage without obstruction. Weighing mechanisms 89 are installed at the bottom of the first collection device 86, the second collection device 87, and the third collection device 88. The weighing mechanisms 89 collect the weight data of various materials in real time and upload it to the controller 6 to complete the material classification and metering operation, which facilitates the staff to count the sorting output and sorting ratio.

[0079] During the continuous sorting operation, the swing plate 75 of the sorting component 7 swings, and the hard bristles 91 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the swing plate 75 continuously press against the outer surface of the transmission component 3 conveyor belt. As the conveyor belt runs, friction cleaning is achieved, scraping off the coal powder and gangue debris adhering to the surface of the conveyor belt. The baffle 92 fixedly installed on the outside of the swing plate 75 forms a shielding area to intercept the splashed block debris and floating dust during the cleaning process, avoiding debris accumulation that causes jamming and ensuring the smooth swing of the swing plate 75, thus achieving basic mechanical cleaning and protection of the equipment.

[0080] The protective cover 93 fixed on the top of the machine body 1 provides full enclosure protection for the central sorting area, isolating external dust and preventing internal debris from overflowing. After the suction pump 98 installed on the top of the protective cover 93 is started, it forms a negative pressure suction inside the pipeline. The airflow passes through the air inlet pipe 96 and the multi-head pipe 94 in sequence to split the airflow, so that a negative pressure adsorption area is formed around each set of dust suction nozzles 95. Multi-point all-round suction removes the splashing dust generated during the sorting operation and the residual debris swept off by the hard bristles 91. The dust-laden mixed airflow is transported inward to the filter 97, and the filter element inside the filter 97 intercepts and fixes the dust and solid impurities.

[0081] The filtered clean gas discharged from the suction pump 98 is introduced into the outlet pipe 101 of the purging assembly 10. The clean airflow is smoothly delivered through the outlet pipe 101 with a large inner diameter, and then flows into the small-head inlet of the nozzle 102 with a smaller orifice. By utilizing the fluid narrow tube effect to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow, the airflow rate is accelerated under the premise of constant gas flow, which greatly enhances the impact force of the airflow. The high-pressure, high-speed clean airflow is directionally ejected from the large-head outlet of the nozzle 102, continuously purging and cleaning the bottom detection area of ​​the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5, and promptly blowing away the coal dust and floating ash deposited at the bottom to avoid dust blocking the X-rays and interfering with the imaging quality, and to prevent the accumulation of dust from causing misjudgment of material recognition, thus ensuring constant recognition accuracy. This purging structure reuses the clean gas after dust removal and filtration, eliminating the need for additional air compressors, air supply pumps and other air supply equipment, effectively reducing equipment energy consumption, and simplifying the equipment structure.

[0082] During continuous sorting, the X-ray imaging identification mechanism 5, in addition to determining the material type, simultaneously scans and detects the material's external dimensions, accurately calculates the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the material, and transmits the dimensional electrical signal to the controller 6 in real time. The controller 6, combined with the material size data, controls the precise operation of the moving component 11. The hydraulic cylinder 112, fixedly installed on the side plate 111, adaptively extends and retracts according to the material specifications. The piston end of the hydraulic cylinder 112 drives the push plate 113 to move laterally. The push plate 113 simultaneously drives the inclined plate 114 to slide against the plate surface inside the guide frame 71, precisely adjusting the passage distance between the inclined plate 114 and the side wall of the other guide frame 71. This accommodates the passage of blocky materials of different sizes. The inclined plate 114, with its own inclined surface and end inclined structure, guides and sorts the material, weakening the material passage resistance. At the same time, it limits and guides large pieces of material, preventing sharp-edged materials from getting stuck inside the guide frame 71, ensuring that the material is transported neatly and orderly, further improving the overall sorting effect of the equipment.

[0083] All the aforementioned electrical components are uniformly controlled by the controller 6. The controller 6 has a built-in high-speed processor that centrally receives detection feedback signals from components such as the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5, infrared distance sensor 713, and weighing mechanism 89. After comparison and analysis by the built-in control program, it issues execution commands such as start / stop, angle, extension / retraction, and switching. All mechanisms cooperate with each other to automatically complete the classification, identification, precise sorting, impurity cleaning, X-ray purging, and material adaptive flow guidance of coal, sandstone gangue, and magnetite gangue in the mine. The weighing mechanism 89 completes material metering and statistics in real time. The overall structure of the equipment is adapted to the narrow working environment in the mine and features non-stop material change, anti-blockage, autonomous dust removal and cleaning, high material identification accuracy, and adaptive material size.

[0084] All electrical components appearing in this application are electrically connected to the controller 6 (which integrates a processor) and 220V AC mains power. The controller 6 is a conventional and known device that can control the vibrating feeder 2, transmission component 3, X-ray imaging recognition mechanism 5, asynchronous motor 73, infrared distance sensor 713, asynchronous motor 81, weighing mechanism 89, suction pump 98, and hydraulic cylinder 112. The signal interaction of each component adopts the PLC control protocol commonly used in industrial equipment, which is common knowledge to those skilled in the art and can be implemented without further detailed description. The control logic and signal interaction method are existing technologies and will not be described in detail. All standard parts used in this application can be purchased from the market. The specific connection methods of each part are all conventional methods such as riveting and welding, which are mature technologies in the prior art. The standard parts are all conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art.

[0085] It should be noted that the above electrical components are all existing technology products. Those skilled in the art should select, install, and complete the circuit debugging work according to the needs of use to ensure that each electrical appliance can work normally. The components are all general standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structure and principle can be known by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods. No specific restrictions are made here. The supporting structures of the hydraulic drive structure appearing in this application document, such as hydraulic tanks and hydraulic pumps, are existing equipment and will not be described in detail here.

[0086] It should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0087] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground coal gangue sorting device, comprising a body (1), wherein a vibrating feeder (2) for inputting mixed materials is provided at the front end of the body (1), a transmission component (3) for conveying materials is provided at the top end of the body (1), and a first mounting frame (4) is fixedly installed on the top of the body (1), wherein an X-ray imaging recognition mechanism (5) and a controller (6) are fixedly installed on the first mounting frame (4), characterized in that: The body (1) is also provided with a sorting component (7), which includes two sets of flow guides (71), and the two sets of flow guides (71) are fixedly installed at the front end of the body (1) in a mirror image. The top of the body (1) is fixedly mounted with a second mounting bracket (72), and the top of the second mounting bracket (72) is fixedly mounted with an asynchronous motor (73). The output end of the asynchronous motor (73) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating plate (74). The rear end of the guide frame (71) is hinged to one end of the swing plate (75). The top of the other end of the swing plate (75) is fixedly mounted with a protruding post (76). The other end of the rotating plate (74) is rotatably mounted with a limit post (77) through a bearing component. The limit post (77) is fixedly mounted at the top center of the rectangular plate (78). The rectangular plate (78) is provided with a through groove (79). There are two protruding posts (76). One of the protruding posts (76) is rotatably mounted in the hole of the rectangular plate (78) through a bearing component. The other protruding post (76) slides against the inside of the groove (79). The rear end of the machine body (1) is fixedly installed with a feeding rack (710). Multiple partition strips (711) are integrally formed on the feeding rack (710). Multiple through first slots (712) are staggered on the feeding rack (710). Through bottom slots (714) are opened at the same position at the front end of the multiple partition strips (711). The outermost two partition strips (711) are respectively fixedly installed with the transmitter and receiver of an infrared distance sensor (713).

2. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing plate (75) does not contact the separator (711) when it swings.

3. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism (5) is located directly above the center of the line connecting the rear ends of the two guide frames (71).

4. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Five separator bars (711) are arranged in a linear array with equal spacing, dividing the front end of the feed rack (710) into four material sorting channels. Two first through slots (712) are arranged alternately between the five separator bars (711).

5. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary component (8) is provided on the outside of the flow guide (71). The auxiliary component (8) includes an asynchronous motor (81). The asynchronous motor (81) is fixedly installed on the outside of the separator (711). A rotating shaft (82) is rotatably installed between the multiple separators (711) through a sealed bearing. The output end of the asynchronous motor (81) is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft (82). Multiple baffles (83) are fixedly installed on the rotating shaft (82). Multiple through-holes (84) are also provided on the unloading rack (710). Multiple sets of baffles (83) and second through-holes (84) are arranged between the multiple separators (711). A fixing strip (85) is fixedly installed on the outside of the multiple separators (711).

6. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rear end of the machine body (1) is provided with a first collection device (86), multiple sets of second collection devices (87) and a third collection device (88) in sequence. The bottom of the first collection device (86), multiple sets of second collection devices (87) and the third collection device (88) are all provided with a weighing mechanism (89). The first collection device (86) is located below the second through groove (84), the second collection device (87) is located below the first through groove (712), and the third collection device (88) is located below the rear end of the unloading rack (710).

7. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide frame (71) is also provided with a cleaning component (9), which includes hard bristles (91). The hard bristles (91) are located at the bottom of the swing plate (75), and a baffle (92) is fixedly installed on the rear end of the swing plate (75).

8. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the body (1) is fixedly equipped with a protective cover (93). Two multi-head tubes (94) are fixedly installed inside the bottom of the protective cover (93). Multiple suction nozzles (95) are fixedly installed at the input end of each multi-head tube (94). The suction nozzles (95) are conical. The output ends of the two multi-head tubes (94) are fixedly connected to the input end of the air intake pipe (96). The top of the protective cover (93) is fixedly equipped with a filter (97) and an air pump (98). The output end of the air intake pipe (96) is fixedly connected to the input end of the filter (97). The output end of the filter (97) is fixedly connected to the input end of the air pump (98).

9. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The suction pump (98) is provided with a purge assembly (10), which includes an exhaust pipe (101). The input end of the exhaust pipe (101) is fixedly connected to the output end of the suction pump (98). The output end of the exhaust pipe (101) is fixedly installed with the small end of the nozzle (102). The large end of the nozzle (102) faces the bottom of the X-ray imaging recognition mechanism (5). The inner diameter of the exhaust pipe (101) is larger than the inner diameter of the small end of the nozzle (102).

10. The underground coal gangue sorting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide (71) is provided with a moving component (11), the moving component (11) includes a side plate (111), the side plate (111) is fixedly installed on the rear outer wall of a flow guide (71), a hydraulic cylinder (112) is fixedly installed on the side plate (111), a push plate (113) is fixedly installed on the piston end of the hydraulic cylinder (112), an inclined plate (114) is fixedly installed on the push plate (113), the inclined plate (114) is slidably installed inside the flow guide (71), the inclined plate (114) is inclined, and the two sides of the inclined plate (114) near the center of the machine body (1) are set as inclined surfaces.

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