A composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of 3D printing technology, and discloses a composite 3D printing device compatible with high polymer and metal materials and a control method thereof; the device comprises a printer body, a return air duct for sending purified air back into a printing cavity is arranged on one side of the printer body, a protection box is fixedly installed on one side of the return air duct, an installation shell is arranged in the protection box, and one end of the installation shell penetrates into the return air duct. The device can realize quick disassembly and assembly of the installation shell from the inside of the protection box through cooperation of the clamping assembly and the adjusting assembly, the difficulty of subsequent maintenance, replacement and maintenance of the sensing assembly is reduced, the return air duct structure does not need to be disassembled as a whole, and the equipment operation and maintenance convenience is improved; the filtering and purifying effect of the circulating air system of the equipment can be monitored in real time through the sensing assembly, the problem that the traditional equipment cannot detect the return air quality and the filter element failure cannot be found in time is effectively solved, and the air cleanliness in the printing cavity is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 3D printing technology, specifically to a composite 3D printing device and its control method compatible with polymer and metal materials. Background Technology

[0002] Powder bed fused additive manufacturing is one of the mainstream 3D printing technologies. Depending on the material being printed, it is mainly divided into two categories: polymer material printing and metal material printing. During the operation of 3D printing equipment, the printing raw materials are melted and sintered at high temperatures, which continuously generates pollutants such as smoke and dust. If the pollutants cannot be discharged and purified in time, defects such as pores and cracks may appear on the surface of the printed workpiece. The circulating air system, as a key auxiliary system to ensure the stable operation of the printing equipment and control the quality of the workpiece, can quickly purify the pollutants inside the cavity and maintain the inert and clean printing conditions of the cavity.

[0003] Existing composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials mainly uses a circulating air system to filter out pollutants such as smoke and dust generated during the printing process. However, since the circulating air system does not have the function of detecting pollutants inside the duct, the staff cannot properly understand the filtration status when the air enters the printing cavity through the return air duct. This can easily lead to problems such as filter failure and pollutant accumulation that go undetected. Consequently, substandard airflow can repeatedly contaminate the molding environment, which to some extent reduces the pass rate of printed products and is not conducive to the normal operation of 3D printing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite 3D printing device and its control method that are compatible with polymer and metal materials, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials, comprising a printer body, a return air duct for sending purified air back into the printing cavity on one side of the printer body, a protective box fixedly installed on one side of the return air duct, an installation shell inside the protective box, one end of the installation shell penetrating into the return air duct, and a sensing component for performing purified air quality detection on the outside of the installation shell; The mounting housing has a hollow shaft inside, which is rotatably connected to both ends of the inner wall of the mounting housing. The end of the hollow shaft near the return air duct is provided with a locking component to reduce the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the mounting housing as a whole, and the other end of the hollow shaft is provided with an adjustment component to cooperate with the locking component to achieve convenient disassembly and assembly of the mounting housing as a whole.

[0006] Preferably, the sensing component includes a detection chamber disposed at one end of the mounting housing, a particulate matter sensor is fixedly installed inside the detection chamber, the detection end of the particulate matter sensor extends through to the outside of the detection chamber, the other end of the mounting housing is provided with a mounting groove, a control panel is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove, and the particulate matter sensor is connected to the control panel terminal via a data cable.

[0007] Preferably, the engaging assembly includes a disc fixed to the outside of the hollow shaft, the disc having at least three guide grooves inside, each guide groove having a locking block on one side, the inner wall of the protective box having a locking groove corresponding to the locking block, one end of the locking block penetrating into the locking groove, and the other end of the locking block having a guide post fixedly installed, the guide post being located inside the guide groove.

[0008] Preferably, a first slider is fixedly installed on one side of the card block, and a first groove corresponding to the first slider is opened on the inner wall of the protective box, with the first slider located inside the first groove.

[0009] Preferably, a sealing gasket is provided between the mounting shell and the protective box, the sealing gasket is in contact with the mounting shell and the protective box respectively, and a docking block corresponding to the locking block is provided on one side of the mounting shell.

[0010] Preferably, the inner wall of the protective box is provided with a docking groove corresponding to the docking block, the docking block is located inside the docking groove, and the docking block is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting shell.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a limiting groove disposed on the inner wall of the mounting housing, and a strip rod is vertically mounted on the outer side of the hollow shaft rod, one end of the strip rod extending through the limiting groove and fixedly connected to a moving block.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning groove is provided on one side of the movable block, a positioning plate is slidably connected inside the positioning groove, an arc-shaped plate is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting groove, a stop block is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning plate, and a stop groove corresponding to the stop block is provided at both ends of the arc-shaped plate, with the stop block located inside the stop groove.

[0013] Preferably, a second slider is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate, and a second groove corresponding to the second slider is opened on the inner wall of the positioning groove. The second slider is located inside the second groove. A spring is provided at one end of the second slider. The spring is connected to the inner wall of the second slider and the second groove respectively. A push-pull sleeve is fixedly installed at the end of the positioning plate away from the stop block. A door panel is hinged at the opening on one side of the protective box. The free end of the door panel is connected to the other side of the protective box by a buckle. An observation window is provided inside the door panel.

[0014] This invention also provides a control method for a composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials, comprising the following steps: S1. Mounting Housing Pre-positioning: The mounting housing equipped with the sensing components is pre-positioned with the mating groove on the inner wall of the protective box through the mating block, so that one end of the mounting housing extends into the return air duct, and the sealing gasket is tightly fitted with the protective box.

[0015] S2. Locking and Fixing: By adjusting the push-pull sleeve in the assembly, the positioning plate is pulled to release the lock between the stop block and the stop groove. Then, the moving block is moved to drive the strip rod and the hollow shaft rod to rotate. The hollow shaft rod drives the disc to rotate. The guide groove squeezes the guide post to make multiple locking blocks extend outward synchronously and lock into the locking groove on the inner wall of the protective box, thus fixing the mounting shell inside the protective box.

[0016] S3. Limit Locking: When the push-pull sleeve is released, the positioning plate resets under the action of the spring, and the stop block automatically engages in the groove of the arc plate, restricting the rotation of the hollow shaft and maintaining the locked state between the stop block and the groove.

[0017] S4. Real-time monitoring: When the printer is working, the purified air in the return air duct flows through the detection chamber at one end of the mounting shell. The particulate matter sensor collects the concentration data of smoke and dust and impurities in the airflow in real time and transmits it to the control panel for digital display via a data cable.

[0018] S5. Judgment and Early Warning: Staff can observe the particulate matter concentration value in real time through the control panel. If the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the filter of the circulating air system is ineffective or that pollutants are accumulated. Timely maintenance or replacement of the filter is carried out to avoid non-compliant airflow from contaminating the printing chamber.

[0019] S6. Disassembly and maintenance: When the sensor assembly needs to be inspected or replaced, first pull the positioning plate with the push-pull sleeve to release the locking of the stop block, then turn the moving block in the opposite direction to reverse the hollow shaft and remove the locking block from the slot. Then the mounting shell and the sensor assembly can be taken out of the protective box as a whole without disassembling the return air duct structure.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention uses a locking component and an adjusting component to drive multiple locking blocks to extend outward and engage with the slot, thereby enabling quick installation and removal of the mounting shell from the protective box. This reduces the difficulty of subsequent inspection, replacement, and maintenance of the sensing components, eliminates the need for complete disassembly of the return air duct structure, and improves the convenience of equipment operation and maintenance. The sensor components can detect particulate matter in the purified circulating air in the return air duct in real time, thereby monitoring the filtration and purification effect of the equipment's circulating air system in real time. This effectively solves the problems of traditional equipment being unable to detect the quality of return air and the difficulty in timely detection of filter failure, ensuring the cleanliness of the air inside the printing cavity. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The specific structural diagram of the return air duct provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 A detailed structural diagram of the mounting shell provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the sensing component provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 Provided by the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the card engagement component provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the adjustment component provided by the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Printer body; 2. Return air duct; 3. Protective box; 4. Mounting shell; 5. Sensing component; 51. Mounting slot; 52. Control panel; 53. Detection chamber; 54. Particulate matter sensor; 6. Hollow shaft; 7. Engaging assembly; 71. Disc; 72. Guide groove; 73. Guide post; 74. Locking block; 75. Locking slot; 76. First slider; 77. First slide groove; 8. Connecting block; 9. Connecting groove; 10. Sealing gasket; 11. Adjustment component; 111. Limiting groove; 112. Strip rod; 113. Moving block; 114. Positioning groove; 115. Positioning plate; 116. Arc plate; 117. Stop block; 118. Stop groove; 119. Second slide groove; 1110. Second slider; 1111. Spring; 1112. Push-pull sleeve; 12. Box door panel; 13. Observation window. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-7As shown, a composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials includes a printer body 1. A return air duct 2 is provided on one side of the printer body 1 for sending purified air back into the printing cavity. A protective box 3 is fixedly installed on one side of the return air duct 2. An installation shell 4 is provided inside the protective box 3. One end of the installation shell 4 extends into the interior of the return air duct 2. A sensing component 5 is provided on the outside of the installation shell 4 for performing the work of detecting the quality of purified air.

[0031] In use, the printer body 1 includes a circulating air system comprising a circulating fan, a filter, gas circulation pipelines, high and low precision oxygen sensors, and a slag discharge tank. During actual operation, the protective box 3 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the return air duct 2 of the printer body 1, allowing the end of the internal mounting shell 4 to extend into the airflow channel inside the return air duct 2. The sensor component 5 can detect particulate matter in the purified circulating air inside the return air duct 2 in real time, thereby monitoring the filtration and purification effect of the equipment's circulating air system in real time. This effectively solves the problems of traditional equipment being unable to detect the quality of return air and the difficulty in timely detection of filter failure, ensuring the cleanliness of the air inside the printing cavity. It should be noted that the printer body 1 is based on a polymer selective laser sintering equipment, retaining core structures such as piston heating, cylinder heating, cavity heating, powder spreading, powder feeding, and laser scanning. It adds an independent circulating air system equipped with a fan, filter, oxygen sensor, and slag discharge tank, enabling a single device to print both polymer and metal materials, and offering advantages such as low cost, small footprint, and easy operation.

[0032] The interior of the mounting housing 4 is provided with a hollow shaft 6, which is rotatably connected to both ends of the inner wall of the mounting housing 4. The end of the hollow shaft 6 near the return air duct 2 is provided with a locking component 7 to reduce the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the mounting housing 4 as a whole, and the other end of the hollow shaft 6 is provided with an adjustment component 11 to cooperate with the locking component 7 to achieve convenient disassembly and assembly of the mounting housing 4 as a whole.

[0033] During use, rotating the hollow shaft 6 can trigger the locking assembly 7 to complete the locking and unlocking actions. At the same time, the adjustment assembly 11 can limit and lock the rotation state of the hollow shaft 6, thereby enabling the quick disassembly and assembly of the mounting shell 4 from the inside of the protective box 3. This reduces the difficulty of subsequent inspection, replacement, and maintenance of the sensing assembly 5, and eliminates the need to completely disassemble the return air duct 2 structure, thus improving the convenience of equipment operation and maintenance.

[0034] Specifically, the sensing component 5 includes a detection chamber 53 disposed at one end of the mounting housing 4. A particulate matter sensor 54 is fixedly installed inside the detection chamber 53. The detection end of the particulate matter sensor 54 extends through to the outside of the detection chamber 53. The other end of the mounting housing 4 is provided with a mounting groove 51. A control panel 52 is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove 51. The particulate matter sensor 54 is connected to the terminal of the control panel 52 via a data cable.

[0035] During use, the purified airflow in the return air duct 2 flows through the detection end of the particulate matter sensor 54. The particulate matter sensor 54 can collect the concentration data of smoke, dust and impurities in the airflow in real time and transmit the detection data to the control panel 52 for real-time display. The staff can intuitively view the return air quality through the control panel 52 to judge the filtration performance of the circulating air filter, promptly detect filter failure, pollutant accumulation and other faults, and avoid the backflow of substandard airflow to contaminate the printing cavity.

[0036] Specifically, the locking assembly 7 includes a disc 71 fixed to the outside of the hollow shaft 6. The disc 71 has at least three guide grooves 72 inside. Each guide groove 72 has a locking block 74 on one side. The inner wall of the protective box 3 has a locking groove 75 corresponding to the locking block 74. One end of the locking block 74 extends into the locking groove 75, and the other end of the locking block 74 is fixedly installed with a guide post 73, which is located inside the guide groove 72.

[0037] In use, rotating the hollow shaft 6 can drive the disc 71 to rotate synchronously. Then, during the rotation of the disc 71, the guide post 73 is squeezed through the guide groove 72, which in turn drives multiple locking blocks 74 to extend outward or retract inward synchronously. When the locking blocks 74 extend, they can be locked into the locking groove 75 on the inner wall of the protective box 3, thereby achieving the positioning and fixation of the mounting shell 4. Conversely, when the locking blocks 74 retract, they can disengage from the locking groove 75, thereby releasing the fixed limit of the mounting shell 4. The structure has strong linkage and high locking and fixing stability.

[0038] Specifically, a first slider 76 is fixedly installed on one side of the card block 74, and a first groove 77 corresponding to the first slider 76 is opened on the inner wall of the protective box 3, with the first slider 76 located inside the first groove 77.

[0039] During use, the extension and retraction of the locking block 74 will drive the first slider 76 to slide precisely along the inside of the first slide groove 77. Through the limiting cooperation between the first slider 76 and the first slide groove 77, the movement trajectory of the locking block 74 can be constrained, thereby preventing the locking block 74 from deviating or jamming, ensuring the smoothness and stability of the extension and retraction of the locking component 7, and improving the accuracy of the equipment disassembly and assembly.

[0040] Specifically, a sealing gasket 10 is provided between the mounting shell 4 and the protective box 3. The sealing gasket 10 is in contact with the mounting shell 4 and the protective box 3 respectively. A docking block 8 corresponding to the locking block 74 is provided on one side of the mounting shell 4. A docking groove 9 corresponding to the docking block 8 is opened on the inner wall of the protective box 3. The docking block 8 is located inside the docking groove 9 and is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting shell 4.

[0041] During use, when the mounting shell 4 is assembled, the mating block 8 will be embedded inside the mating groove 9, thereby achieving the pre-positioning of the mounting shell 4 and the protective box 3, preventing the mounting shell 4 from being misaligned during assembly. At the same time, the sealing gasket 10 can fill the assembly gap between the mounting shell 4 and the protective box 3, thereby preventing the airflow inside the return air duct 2 from leaking out and external dust and impurities from entering the equipment, ensuring the sealing of the circulating air system and the stability of the testing environment, and ensuring that the air quality testing data is accurate and reliable.

[0042] Specifically, the adjustment assembly 11 includes a limiting groove 111 set on the inner wall of the mounting shell 4, a strip rod 112 vertically installed on the outer side of the hollow shaft rod 6, one end of the strip rod 112 passing through the outside of the limiting groove 111 and fixedly connected to a moving block 113, a positioning groove 114 opened on one side of the moving block 113, a positioning plate 115 slidably connected inside the positioning groove 114, an arc plate 116 fixedly connected to one side of the limiting groove 111, a stop block 117 fixedly installed on one end of the positioning plate 115, and a stop groove 118 corresponding to the stop block 117 opened at both ends of the arc plate 116, with the stop block 117 located inside the stop groove 118.

[0043] During use, the operator can rotate the strip rod 112 and the hollow shaft rod 6 by moving the movable block 113, thereby controlling the locking assembly 7 to complete the opening and closing action. When the hollow shaft rod 6 rotates to a fixed angle and the locking block 74 is fully locked, the positioning plate 115 can be released so that the stop block 117 can be inserted into the corresponding groove 118 of the arc plate 116, thereby locking the position of the movable block 113 and the strip rod 112 and restricting the rotation of the hollow shaft rod 6. This prevents the locking assembly 7 from loosening and falling off during the operation of the equipment, and ensures the stability of the assembly structure.

[0044] Specifically, a second slider 1110 is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate 115, and a second slide groove 119 corresponding to the second slider 1110 is opened on the inner wall of the positioning groove 114. The second slider 1110 is located inside the second slide groove 119. A spring 1111 is provided at one end of the second slider 1110. The spring 1111 is connected to the inner wall of the second slider 1110 and the second slide groove 119 respectively. A push-pull sleeve 1112 is fixedly installed at the end of the positioning plate 115 away from the stop block 117.

[0045] In use, the operator can use the push-pull sleeve 1112 to drive the positioning plate 115, causing the second slider 1110 to slide along the second slide groove 119 and squeeze the spring 1111, thereby causing the stop block 117 to disengage from the stop groove 118, thus releasing the limiting lock on the hollow shaft 6. This makes it convenient to rotate the adjusting locking assembly 7. After the push-pull sleeve 1112 is released, the elastic potential energy of the spring 1111 can push the second slider 1110 to reset, so that the stop block 117 automatically engages in the stop groove 118 to complete the locking. The operation is convenient and the limiting is reliable.

[0046] Specifically, a door panel 12 is hinged to the opening on one side of the protective box 3. The free end of the door panel 12 is connected to the other side of the protective box 3 by a buckle. An observation window 13 is provided inside the door panel 12.

[0047] When in use, the buckle can quickly open and close and lock the door panel 12. Closing the door panel 12 can protect the internal structure of the protective box 3, such as the mounting shell 4 and the sensing components 5, thereby preventing dust and debris generated during the printing process from accumulating on the equipment structure and ensuring the normal operation of the testing equipment. At the same time, the staff can directly observe the status of the equipment inside the protective box 3 through the observation window 13, which is convenient for real-time inspection and does not require frequent opening of the door for maintenance.

[0048] Working principle: First, the operator positions the mounting shell 4, equipped with the sensor component 5, with the docking block 8 and docking groove 9. Then, the locking component 7, in conjunction with the adjusting component 11, drives multiple locking blocks 74 to extend outward and engage with the slot 75, thereby enabling the rapid installation and removal of the mounting shell 4 from the protective box 3. This reduces the difficulty of subsequent inspection, replacement, and maintenance of the sensor component 5, eliminating the need for complete disassembly of the return air duct structure and improving the convenience of equipment operation and maintenance. When the printer body 1 is working, the sensor component 5 can detect particulate matter in the purified circulating air in the return air duct 2 in real time, thereby monitoring the filtration and purification effect of the equipment's circulating air system in real time. This effectively solves the problems of traditional equipment being unable to detect the quality of return air and the difficulty in timely detection of filter failure, ensuring the cleanliness of the air inside the printing cavity.

[0049] This invention also provides a control method for a composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials, comprising the following steps: S1. Mounting housing pre-positioning: The mounting housing 4 equipped with the sensing component 5 is pre-positioned with the docking groove 9 on the inner wall of the protective box 3 through the docking block 8, so that one end of the mounting housing 4 extends into the return air duct 2, and the sealing gasket 10 is tightly fitted with the protective box 3.

[0050] S2, Locking and Fixing: By adjusting the push-pull sleeve 1112 in the assembly 11, the positioning plate 115 is pulled to release the lock between the stop block 117 and the stop groove 118. Then, the moving block 113 is moved to drive the strip rod 112 and the hollow shaft rod 6 to rotate. The hollow shaft rod 6 drives the disc 71 to rotate. The guide groove 72 squeezes the guide post 73 to make multiple locking blocks 74 extend outwards synchronously and lock into the locking groove 75 on the inner wall of the protective box 3, thus fixing the mounting shell 4 inside the protective box 3.

[0051] S3, Limit Locking: Release the push-pull sleeve 1112, the positioning plate 115 resets under the action of the spring 1111, the stop block 117 automatically engages in the stop groove 118 of the arc plate 116, restricting the rotation of the hollow shaft rod 6, and maintaining the locked state of the locking block 74 and the groove 75.

[0052] S4. Real-time monitoring: When the printer body 1 is working, the purified air in the return air duct 2 flows through the detection chamber 53 at one end of the mounting shell 4. The particulate matter sensor 54 collects the concentration data of smoke and dust and impurities in the airflow in real time and transmits it to the control panel 52 for digital display via a data cable.

[0053] S5. Judgment and Early Warning: Staff can observe the particulate matter concentration value in real time through the control panel 52. If the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the filter of the circulating air system is ineffective or that pollutants are accumulated. Timely maintenance or replacement of the filter is carried out to avoid non-compliant airflow from contaminating the printing chamber.

[0054] S6. Disassembly and maintenance: When it is necessary to inspect or replace the sensor component 5, first pull the positioning plate 115 through the push-pull sleeve 1112 to release the lock of the stop block 117, and then push the moving block 113 in the opposite direction to make the hollow shaft rod 6 reverse, and the locking block 74 exits from the locking groove 75. Then the mounting shell 4 together with the sensor component 5 can be taken out of the protective box 3 without disassembling the return air duct 2 structure.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0056] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials, comprising a printer body (1), characterized in that: The printer body (1) has a return air duct (2) on one side for sending purified air back into the printing cavity. A protective box (3) is fixedly installed on one side of the return air duct (2). An installation shell (4) is provided inside the protective box (3). One end of the installation shell (4) extends into the return air duct (2). A sensing component (5) for performing the work of detecting the quality of purified air is provided on the outside of the installation shell (4). The mounting shell (4) is provided with a hollow shaft (6) inside. The hollow shaft (6) is rotatably connected to both ends of the inner wall of the mounting shell (4). The hollow shaft (6) is provided with a locking component (7) at one end near the return air duct (2) to reduce the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the mounting shell (4). The other end of the hollow shaft (6) is provided with an adjustment component (11) to cooperate with the locking component (7) to achieve convenient disassembly and assembly of the mounting shell (4).

2. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing component (5) includes a detection chamber (53) disposed at one end of the mounting shell (4). A particulate matter sensor (54) is fixedly installed inside the detection chamber (53). The detection end of the particulate matter sensor (54) extends through to the outside of the detection chamber (53). The other end of the mounting shell (4) is provided with a mounting groove (51). A control panel (52) is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove (51). The particulate matter sensor (54) is connected to the terminal of the control panel (52) via a data cable.

3. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking assembly (7) includes a disc (71) fixed to the outside of the hollow shaft (6). The disc (71) has at least three guide grooves (72) inside. Each guide groove (72) has a locking block (74) on one side. The inner wall of the protective box (3) has a locking groove (75) corresponding to the locking block (74). One end of the locking block (74) extends into the locking groove (75). The other end of the locking block (74) is fixedly installed with a guide post (73). The guide post (73) is located inside the guide groove (72).

4. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first slider (76) is fixedly installed on one side of the card block (74), and a first groove (77) corresponding to the first slider (76) is opened on the inner wall of the protective box (3). The first slider (76) is located inside the first groove (77).

5. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sealing gasket (10) is provided between the mounting shell (4) and the protective box (3). The sealing gasket (10) is in contact with the mounting shell (4) and the protective box (3) respectively. A docking block (8) corresponding to the locking block (74) is provided on one side of the mounting shell (4).

6. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the protective box (3) is provided with a docking groove (9) corresponding to the docking block (8). The docking block (8) is located inside the docking groove (9) and is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting shell (4).

7. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (11) includes a limiting groove (111) disposed on the inner wall of the mounting shell (4), and a strip rod (112) is vertically installed on the outer side of the hollow shaft (6). One end of the strip rod (112) extends through the limiting groove (111) and is fixedly connected to a moving block (113).

8. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: A positioning groove (114) is provided on one side of the movable block (113). A positioning plate (115) is slidably connected inside the positioning groove (114). An arc plate (116) is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting groove (111). A stop block (117) is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning plate (115). Both ends of the arc plate (116) are provided with a stop groove (118) corresponding to the stop block (117). The stop block (117) is located inside the stop groove (118).

9. The composite 3D printing equipment compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second slider (1110) is fixedly installed on one side of the positioning plate (115). A second slide groove (119) corresponding to the second slider (1110) is opened on the inner wall of the positioning groove (114). The second slider (1110) is located inside the second slide groove (119). A spring (1111) is provided at one end of the second slider (1110). The spring (1111) is connected to the inner wall of the second slider (1110) and the second slide groove (119) respectively. A push-pull sleeve (1112) is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning plate (115) away from the stop block (117). A door panel (12) is hinged at the opening on one side of the protective box (3). The free end of the door panel (12) is connected to the other side of the protective box (3) by a buckle. An observation window (13) is provided inside the door panel (12).

10. A control method for a composite 3D printing device compatible with polymer and metal materials according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mounting housing pre-positioning: The mounting housing (4) equipped with the sensing component (5) is pre-positioned with the docking groove (9) on the inner wall of the protective box (3) through the docking block (8), so that one end of the mounting housing (4) extends into the return air duct (2), and the sealing gasket (10) is tightly fitted with the protective box (3). S2, locking and fixing: Pull the positioning plate (115) by adjusting the push-pull sleeve (1112) in the component (11) to release the lock of the stop block (117) and the stop groove (118), and then move the moving block (113) to drive the strip rod (112) and the hollow shaft rod (6) to rotate. The hollow shaft rod (6) drives the disc (71) to rotate. The guide groove (72) squeezes the guide column (73) to make multiple locking blocks (74) extend outwards synchronously and lock into the locking groove (75) on the inner wall of the protective box (3) to fix the mounting shell (4) inside the protective box (3). S3, Limit Locking: Release the push-pull sleeve (1112), the positioning plate (115) resets under the action of the spring (1111), and the stop block (117) automatically engages in the stop groove (118) of the arc plate (116), restricting the rotation of the hollow shaft rod (6) and maintaining the locked state of the stop block (74) and the stop groove (75); S4. Real-time monitoring: When the printer body (1) is working, the purified air in the return air duct (2) flows through the detection chamber (53) at one end of the mounting shell (4). The particulate matter sensor (54) collects the concentration data of smoke and dust and impurities in the airflow in real time and transmits it to the control panel (52) for digital display via the data cable. S5. Judgment and warning: Staff can observe the particulate matter concentration value in real time through the control panel (52). If the detected value exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the filter of the circulating air system is ineffective or pollutants are accumulated. The filter should be maintained or replaced in time to avoid the non-compliant airflow from polluting the printing cavity. S6. Disassembly and maintenance: When the sensor assembly (5) needs to be inspected or replaced, first pull the positioning plate (115) through the push-pull sleeve (1112) to release the lock of the stop block (117), then push the moving block (113) in the opposite direction to reverse the hollow shaft (6), and the locking block (74) will be removed from the slot (75). The mounting shell (4) and the sensor assembly (5) can then be taken out of the protective box (3) without disassembling the return air duct (2) structure.

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