A dynamic control device and method for laser electric arc hybrid welding of a packaging container

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a dynamic regulation and control device and method for laser-arc hybrid welding of a packaging container. The device comprises a central control module, an industrial computer, a laser emission regulation and control unit, a welding unit, a visual monitoring unit, a spectrum acquisition unit and a magnetic control unit. The laser emission regulation and control unit is used for emission, swing driving and focusing of a laser beam. The welding unit cooperates with the laser emission regulation and control unit to complete arc hybrid welding. The visual monitoring unit acquires image information of a welding area. The spectrum acquisition unit acquires welding spectrum signals. The magnetic control unit applies a dynamic magnetic field to the welding area. The industrial computer receives the image information of the welding area and the welding spectrum signals, and analyzes and processes them. The processed signals and welding state judgment results are transmitted to the central control module. The central control module controls the cooperative work of the units. The present application can actively, dynamically and multidimensionally regulate and control the welding process, and realize high-quality welding without spatter, gas hole and good root forming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding technology, and specifically relates to a dynamic control device and method for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers. Background Technology

[0002] Encapsulation containers place extremely high demands on welding quality, requiring excellent airtightness, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. Laser-arc hybrid welding technology combines the high energy density of laser deep penetration welding with the excellent bridging ability of arc welding, making it an ideal process for welding high-reflectivity materials. However, this technology still faces many challenges in practical applications: the keyhole behavior of the laser beam is unstable, easily inducing spatter and porosity defects; the flow state of the molten pool is difficult to precisely control, easily producing forming defects such as weld humps and undercut; root penetration is difficult, especially in lap or butt joints, a common problem affecting product yield.

[0003] Currently, conventional laser-arc hybrid welding equipment mainly includes the following components: a laser, an arc welding torch, a hybrid welding head for coupling the laser and the arc, a motion platform, and a central control system. The laser is connected to the hybrid welding head via optical fiber to provide laser energy. The arc welding torch is fixed to one side of the hybrid welding head and forms a fixed spatial relative position with the laser beam. The motion platform drives the hybrid welding head to move along the weld seam trajectory. The control system is connected to the laser, welding power source, and motion platform respectively, and is used for parameter setting and motion control.

[0004] During operation, operators manually input welding parameters, including laser power, arc current, and welding speed, into the control system based on experience, according to the workpiece's material, thickness, and joint type. A robot and auxiliary vision system then move the composite welding head to the starting point of the weld seam for positioning. Simultaneously, the laser and arc welding machine are activated, allowing the laser beam and arc to act on the workpiece together, forming a common molten pool. The composite welding head moves uniformly along the weld seam trajectory at a preset welding speed until welding is complete. Throughout the welding process, the stability of the welding process is roughly assessed only through the current and voltage fluctuation curves of the welding power source and simple visual monitoring.

[0005] Existing conventional laser-arc hybrid welding technology suffers from the following main drawbacks: The most significant drawback is the limited control methods, failing to proactively address dynamic disturbances during welding. Current solutions employ open-loop control, typically using a static laser beam and a relatively fixed arc shape. Keyhole fluctuations and molten pool flow cannot be effectively controlled during welding, leading to poor process stability, uneven weld formation, and frequent spatter and porosity. Secondly, welding high-reflectivity materials is unstable, easily resulting in porosity and root incomplete fusion. For example, laser absorption on materials like aluminum alloys is low and highly variable; the absorption rate of a 1064nm fiber laser is only around 5%–10%, resulting in unstable keyhole formation and easy air entrapment, leading to porosity. While the arc is stable, its contribution to root penetration is limited. Current technologies lack methods to simultaneously suppress porosity and promote root penetration. Finally, the process adaptability is poor, and the debugging cycle is long. Fixed parameters are difficult to adapt to actual working conditions such as workpiece tolerances and assembly clearances. Changing joint types or plate thicknesses requires repeated trial and error, limiting production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a dynamic control device and method for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers, which aims to solve the quality problems such as poor weld formation, large welding spatter, high porosity, and incomplete root penetration caused by the fixed heat source distribution and difficulty in controlling the flow of the molten pool during the laser-arc hybrid welding process of packaging containers.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers, comprising:

[0009] The laser emission control unit is used to realize the emission, oscillation drive and focusing of the laser beam to form a focused spot on the workpiece surface;

[0010] The welding unit works in conjunction with the laser emission control unit to complete the laser-arc hybrid welding operation of the encapsulation container;

[0011] The visual monitoring unit is used to acquire and output image information of the welding area on the surface of the workpiece.

[0012] The spectral acquisition unit is used to acquire and output welding spectral signals.

[0013] The magnetron control unit is used to apply a dynamic magnetic field to the welding area to regulate the state of the molten pool and electric arc during the welding process.

[0014] The industrial computer is connected to the vision monitoring unit and the spectral acquisition unit. It is used to receive image information transmitted by the vision monitoring unit and welding spectral signals transmitted by the spectral acquisition unit. It analyzes and processes the received image information and welding spectral signals to make a preliminary judgment on the welding status. Then, it transmits the processed signals and the welding status judgment results to the central control module.

[0015] The central control module is electrically connected to the industrial computer and each unit, controlling the coordinated operation of each unit.

[0016] An upper sleeve is provided above the surface of the workpiece, and the visual monitoring unit, the spectral acquisition unit and the magnetic control unit are all located on the inner wall of the upper sleeve.

[0017] The magnetic control unit includes a magnetic field control module, a wire baffle, a lower sleeve, and an electromagnetic coil. The electromagnetic coil is disposed between the wire baffle and the lower sleeve, with the wire baffle located on the inner side. The lower sleeve is connected to the lower end of the upper sleeve. The electromagnetic coil is electrically connected to the magnetic field control module, and generates a magnetic field when energized. The magnetic field control module is connected to the central control module, and is used to adjust the magnetic field parameters of the electromagnetic coil and feed the magnetic field parameters back to the central control module in real time, thereby realizing dynamic control of welding.

[0018] The visual monitoring unit includes a camera mounting rod, a camera angle adjuster, and an industrial camera. One end of the camera mounting rod is connected to the inner wall of the upper sleeve, and the other end is connected to the industrial camera via the camera angle adjuster. The angle and position of the industrial camera can be adjusted via the camera angle adjuster and the camera mounting rod, enabling the industrial camera to observe the workpiece surface and capture the free surface morphology of the molten pool, the keyhole opening status, and the trajectory of spatter particles. The industrial camera is connected to the industrial control computer.

[0019] The spectral acquisition unit includes a spectrometer, a spectral probe bracket, and a spectral probe. The spectral probe bracket is disposed on the inner wall of the upper sleeve, the spectral probe is disposed on the spectral probe bracket, and the spectral probe is electrically connected to the spectrometer. The spectrometer is connected to the industrial control computer, and the spectral probe is used to acquire welding spectral signals and transmit them to the spectrometer.

[0020] The laser emission control unit includes a laser, a galvanometer system module, and a laser head connected in sequence. The laser is electrically connected to the central control module. The laser beam emitted by the laser enters the laser head through the galvanometer system module, and the laser head focuses the laser beam to form a light spot. The galvanometer system module is used to control the light spot to achieve a preset two-dimensional oscillation trajectory on the workpiece surface.

[0021] The welding unit includes an arc welding torch and a welding power source connected in sequence. The arc welding torch is located beside the laser head and its position can be finely adjusted to ensure spatial coupling between the arc action area and the laser oscillation center. The laser head and the arc welding torch constitute a welding head. The welding power source is connected to the central control module.

[0022] The arc welding gun is provided with a connecting rod on its side. The connecting rod is fixed to the slide rail module by a damping bearing. The slide rail module is fixed to the laser head by a fixing ring. The damping bearing can realize the fine adjustment of the angle of the arc welding gun, and the slide rail module can realize the fine adjustment of the linear displacement of the arc welding gun.

[0023] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for dynamic control of laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers based on the device described above, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step S1: Input the basic parameters of the container to be welded into the central control module, and the central control module will automatically retrieve the corresponding basic welding parameters;

[0025] Step S2: Start the welding command, and the welding head moves along the weld track at the set speed;

[0026] Step S3: Simultaneously start the welding power supply, laser and magnetic field control module. The central control module controls the galvanometer system module to drive the laser beam to swing, and controls the magnetic field control module to apply a dynamic magnetic field to perform dynamic welding control.

[0027] Step S4: The central control module monitors the welding status in real time through the industrial computer. Based on the monitoring signals fed back by the industrial computer, the central control module judges the current welding status in real time and dynamically adjusts the laser oscillation parameters and magnetic field parameters to achieve multi-field coupling and collaborative optimization.

[0028] Step S5: After reaching the end of the weld, the central control module shuts down the laser, welding power supply, magnetic field control module and galvanometer system module in a preset order to avoid arc crater cracks.

[0029] In step 4, the monitoring signals of the industrial control computer include image signals captured by the visual monitoring unit and welding spectral signals processed by the spectral acquisition unit. The central control module combines the image signals and welding spectral signals to complete the welding status judgment.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0031] 1. Addressing the drawback of "single control method": This invention introduces two active intervention methods: laser oscillation and external magnetic field. Laser oscillation actively adjusts the heat input pattern by changing the spatial distribution of the heat source, while also stirring the molten pool. The external magnetic field acts on the arc plasma and molten metal through Lorentz force, directly intervening in the fluid's motion behavior. Combined, these methods can actively respond to various dynamic disturbances such as keyhole fluctuations and molten pool oscillations, significantly improving welding stability and weld quality consistency.

[0032] 2. To address the drawback of "unstable welding of high reflectivity materials": This invention expands the keyhole opening by laser oscillation to promote gas escape; and promotes root fusion by driving the molten pool flow with a magnetic field; the combination of these two methods improves the process margin and reliability of welding high reflectivity materials.

[0033] 3. Addressing the drawback of "poor process adaptability": This invention incorporates a process expert database into the system, coupled with real-time closed-loop feedback adjustment. The system can dynamically adjust according to actual working conditions, reducing reliance on operator experience and the requirement for high-precision assembly of workpieces. This shortens the debugging cycle and greatly increases production efficiency and yield.

[0034] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a control flow diagram of a dynamic control method for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers according to the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Central control module; 2. Magnetic field control module; 3. Industrial computer; 4. Spectrometer; 5. Camera mounting rod; 6. Camera angle adjuster; 7. Industrial camera; 8. Spectral probe bracket; 9. Spectral probe; 10. Upper sleeve; 11. Wire baffle; 12. Lower sleeve; 13. Electromagnetic coil; 14. Workpiece surface; 15. Galvanometer system module; 16. Fixing ring; 17. Slide rail module; 18. Laser head; 19. Damping bearing; 20. Connecting rod; 21. Arc welding torch; 22. Welding power source; 23. Laser. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers, including a central control module 1, an industrial computer 3, a laser emission control unit, a welding unit, a vision monitoring unit, a spectrum acquisition unit, and a magnetic control unit. The laser emission control unit is used to emit, oscillate, and focus the laser beam, forming a focused spot on the workpiece surface 14. The welding unit works in conjunction with the laser emission control unit to complete the laser-arc hybrid welding operation of the encapsulated container. Through spatial and temporal synergistic coupling, it combines the deep-penetration characteristics of the laser with the bridging and filling capabilities of the arc for highly efficient welding. The vision monitoring unit is used to acquire data from the workpiece surface 14. 4. Image information of the welding area is displayed and output; the spectral acquisition unit is used to acquire welding spectral signals and output them; the magnetic control unit is used to apply a dynamic magnetic field to the welding area to regulate the state of the molten pool and the arc during the welding process; the industrial control computer 3 is connected to the visual monitoring unit and the spectral acquisition unit, and is used to receive image information transmitted by the visual monitoring unit and welding spectral signals transmitted by the spectral acquisition unit, and to analyze and process the received image information and welding spectral signals to complete the preliminary judgment of the welding state, and then transmit the processed signal and the welding state judgment result to the central control module 1; the central control module 1 is electrically connected to the industrial control computer 3 and each unit to control the collaborative work of each unit.

[0044] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the laser emission control unit includes a laser 23, a galvanometer system module 15, and a laser head 18 connected in sequence. The laser 23 is electrically connected to the central control module 1. The laser beam emitted by the laser 23 enters the laser head 18 through the galvanometer system module 15, and the laser head 18 focuses the laser beam to form a light spot. The galvanometer system module 15 is used to control the light spot to achieve a preset two-dimensional oscillation trajectory on the workpiece surface 14.

[0045] Specifically, the galvanometer system module 15 contains two high-speed galvanometers along the X and Y axes, which, together with a high-precision sensor, form a closed-loop position control. The laser beam, reflected by the galvanometer, enters the laser head 18, which forms a focused spot on the workpiece surface 14 through an internal focusing lens assembly. By controlling the deflection angle sequence of the two-axis galvanometers, the spot can achieve a preset two-dimensional oscillation trajectory on the workpiece surface. The high-precision sensor of the galvanometer system module 15 is electrically connected to the central control module 1, used to feed back the laser beam oscillation position signal to the central control module 1 in real time, achieving closed-loop control.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the welding unit includes an arc welding gun 21 and a welding power source 22 connected in sequence. The arc welding gun 21 is located beside the laser head 18 and its position can be finely adjusted to ensure spatial coupling between the arc action area and the laser oscillation center. The laser head 18 and the arc welding gun 21 constitute a welding head. The welding power source 22 is connected to the central control module 1.

[0047] Specifically, the arc welding torch 21 has a connecting rod 20 on its side. The connecting rod 20 is fixed to the slide rail module 17 via a damping bearing 19. The slide rail module 17 is fixed to the laser head 18 via a fixing ring 16. The damping bearing 19 enables fine-tuning of the angle of the arc welding torch 21, and the slide rail module 17 enables fine-tuning of the horizontal linear displacement of the arc welding torch 21. This structure allows the arc welding torch 21 to be fine-tuned within a limited range to adapt to different joint types and welding directions, ensuring the spatial coupling accuracy between the arc action area and the laser oscillation center.

[0048] Furthermore, an upper sleeve 10 is provided above the workpiece surface 14, and the visual monitoring unit, the spectral acquisition unit, and the magnetic control unit are all located on the inner wall of the upper sleeve 10.

[0049] See Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic control unit includes a magnetic field control module 2, a wire baffle plate 11, a lower sleeve 12, and an electromagnetic coil 13. The electromagnetic coil 13 is disposed between the wire baffle plate 11 and the lower sleeve 12, with the wire baffle plate 11 located on the inner side. The lower sleeve 12 is connected to the lower end of the upper sleeve 10. The electromagnetic coil 13 is electrically connected to the magnetic field control module 2, and generates a magnetic field after being energized. The magnetic field control module 2 is connected to the central control module 1. The magnetic field control module 2 is used to adjust the magnetic field parameters such as the direction, frequency, and intensity of the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil 13, and feeds back the magnetic field parameters to the central control module 1 in real time to realize dynamic control of welding.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, the visual monitoring unit includes a camera fixing rod 5, a camera angle adjuster 6, and an industrial camera 7. One end of the camera fixing rod 5 is connected to the inner wall of the upper sleeve 10, and the other end is connected to the industrial camera 7 through the camera angle adjuster 6. The angle and position of the industrial camera 7 can be adjusted through the camera angle adjuster 6 and the camera fixing rod 5, so that the industrial camera 7 can observe the workpiece surface 14, which facilitates the capture of the free surface morphology of the molten pool, the keyhole opening status, and the trajectory of the spatter particles. The industrial camera 7 is connected to the industrial control computer 3.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the spectral acquisition unit includes a spectrometer 4, a spectral probe bracket 8, and a spectral probe 9. The spectral probe bracket 8 is disposed on the inner wall of the upper sleeve 10, and the spectral probe 9 is disposed on the spectral probe bracket 8 and electrically connected to the spectrometer 4. The spectrometer 4 is connected to the industrial control computer 3. The spectral probe 9 is used to acquire welding spectral signals and transmit them to the spectrometer 4. The spectrometer 4 performs spectral dispersion and quantization, and then the industrial control computer 3 performs spectral analysis and recording processing.

[0052] In embodiments of the present invention, the central control module 1 has a built-in welding process expert database, which can automatically retrieve the corresponding basic welding parameters according to the material, thickness and joint type of the container to be welded.

[0053] Specifically, magnetic field control involves applying an external magnetic field of a specific configuration to actively intervene in the heat source morphology, molten pool flow, solidification behavior, and microstructure evolution by utilizing the Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamic effects within the plasma. The Lorentz force refers to the force exerted on a moving charge in an electromagnetic field. In welding magnetic field control, the interaction between the applied magnetic field and the induced current in the molten pool generates the Lorentz force, which drives the molten metal to flow in a directional manner, thereby altering the molten pool morphology and heat transfer. Dynamic control is a multi-physics collaborative control method based on real-time sensor feedback and an online decision-making model. It optimizes welding process stability and weld formation quality by modifying process parameters such as laser parameters, magnetic field parameters, and arc parameters.

[0054] One embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers. This device integrates a galvanometer system module 15 and a magnetic field control module 2 into a laser-arc hybrid welding head structure. Through precise spatial design and optimization, the laser oscillation center, the arc action zone, and the magnetic field action zone are precisely coupled in the weld pool area, providing a reliable structural foundation for the dynamic control of the subsequent welding process. The present invention constructs a closed-loop dynamic control system based on real-time sensor feedback, enabling proactive, dynamic, and multi-dimensional control of the welding process. It achieves controllable laser beam oscillation by introducing a galvanometer scanning system, and proactive intervention in the arc and weld pool by introducing a magnetic field generation module. Combined with a central control module, a closed-loop dynamic control system with multi-field coupling of "laser oscillation—magnetic field—arc" is constructed to precisely control heat input distribution, weld pool flow, and keyhole behavior, achieving high-quality welding with no spatter, no porosity, and good root formation.

[0055] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic control method for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers based on the device described above, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step S1: Based on the material, thickness and joint type of the container to be welded and packaged, input the basic parameters into the central control module 1. The central control module 1 automatically retrieves the corresponding basic welding parameters from the built-in welding process expert database, including laser power, arc current, welding speed, laser oscillation mode and magnetic field parameters.

[0057] Step S2: Start the welding command, and the welding head moves along the weld track at the set speed;

[0058] Step S3: Simultaneously start the welding power supply 22, laser 23 and magnetic field control module 2 to perform welding dynamic control; the central control module 1 controls the galvanometer system module 15 to drive the laser beam to swing at high speed according to the preset swing mode, and the central control module 1 controls the magnetic field control module 2 to apply a dynamic magnetic field to the molten pool and the arc according to the real-time feedback signal.

[0059] Step S4: The central control module 1 monitors the welding status (including molten pool shape, arc shape and keyhole behavior) in real time through the industrial computer 3. Based on the monitoring signals fed back by the industrial computer 3, the central control module 1 judges the current welding status in real time and dynamically adjusts the laser oscillation parameters and magnetic field parameters to achieve multi-field coupling and collaborative optimization.

[0060] Step S5: After reaching the end of the weld, the central control module 1 shuts down the laser 23, welding power supply 22, magnetic field control module 2 and galvanometer system module 15 in a preset order to avoid the formation of arc crater cracks.

[0061] In step 4, the monitoring signals of the industrial control computer 3 include the image signals captured by the visual monitoring unit and the welding spectrum signals processed by the spectral acquisition unit. The central control module 1 combines the image signals and the welding spectrum signals to complete the welding status judgment.

[0062] This invention employs a multi-field coupled closed-loop control strategy for laser-arc hybrid welding. An industrial control computer (3) collects and processes multi-source sensor information in real time, including molten pool images, arc morphology, and plasma spectra, enabling online monitoring of molten pool flow behavior, heat-affected zone temperature distribution, and keyhole dynamic stability. Based on these monitoring results, the central control module (1) dynamically adjusts the laser oscillation parameters and magnetic field parameters, forming a closed-loop control circuit from "sensing → decision-making → execution." This strategy can proactively intervene in molten pool convection patterns, suppress spatter, promote gas escape, and improve root penetration, thereby achieving real-time optimization of welding quality.

[0063] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a dynamic control method for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers. During the welding process, the central control module 1 dynamically adjusts the laser oscillation parameters and magnetic field parameters based on preset process parameters and real-time feedback signals from the industrial control computer 3. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional single heat source or single magnetic field adjustment, significantly improving the welding process's adaptability to dynamic disturbances.

[0064] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulated containers, characterized in that, include: The laser emission control unit is used to realize the emission, swing drive and focusing of the laser beam to form a focused spot on the surface (14) of the workpiece; The welding unit works in conjunction with the laser emission control unit to complete the laser-arc hybrid welding operation of the encapsulation container; A visual monitoring unit is used to acquire and output image information of the welding area on the surface (14) of the workpiece. The spectral acquisition unit is used to acquire and output welding spectral signals. The magnetron control unit is used to apply a dynamic magnetic field to the welding area to regulate the state of the molten pool and electric arc during the welding process. The industrial computer (3) is connected to the visual monitoring unit and the spectral acquisition unit. It is used to receive the image information transmitted by the visual monitoring unit and the welding spectral signal transmitted by the spectral acquisition unit. It analyzes and processes the received image information and welding spectral signal to complete the preliminary judgment of the welding status. Then it transmits the processed signal and the welding status judgment result to the central control module (1). The central control module (1) is electrically connected to the industrial computer (3) and each unit to control the coordinated operation of each unit.

2. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 1, characterized in that, An upper sleeve (10) is provided above the surface (14) of the workpiece, and the visual monitoring unit, the spectral acquisition unit and the magnetic control unit are all located on the inner wall of the upper sleeve (10).

3. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The visual monitoring unit includes a camera mounting rod (5), a camera angle adjuster (6), and an industrial camera (7). One end of the camera mounting rod (5) is connected to the inner wall of the upper sleeve (10), and the other end is connected to the industrial camera (7) through the camera angle adjuster (6). The angle and position of the industrial camera (7) can be adjusted through the camera angle adjuster (6) and the camera mounting rod (5), so that the industrial camera (7) can observe the surface (14) of the workpiece and capture the free surface morphology of the molten pool, the opening state of the keyhole, and the trajectory of the splash particles. The industrial camera (7) is connected to the industrial control computer (3).

4. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spectral acquisition unit includes a spectrometer (4), a spectral probe bracket (8), and a spectral probe (9). The spectral probe bracket (8) is located on the inner wall of the upper sleeve (10), the spectral probe (9) is located on the spectral probe bracket (8), and the spectral probe (9) is electrically connected to the spectrometer (4). The spectrometer (4) is connected to the industrial control computer (3). The spectral probe (9) is used to acquire welding spectral signals and transmit them to the spectrometer (4).

5. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic control unit includes a magnetic field control module (2), a wire baffle (11), a lower sleeve (12), and an electromagnetic coil (13). The electromagnetic coil (13) is located between the wire baffle (11) and the lower sleeve (12), with the wire baffle (11) located on the inner side. The lower sleeve (12) is connected to the lower end of the upper sleeve (10). The electromagnetic coil (13) is electrically connected to the magnetic field control module (2), and generates a magnetic field after being energized. The magnetic field control module (2) is connected to the central control module (1). The magnetic field control module (2) is used to adjust the magnetic field parameters of the electromagnetic coil (13) and feeds back the magnetic field parameters to the central control module (1) in real time to realize dynamic control of welding.

6. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laser emission control unit includes a laser (23), a galvanometer system module (15), and a laser head (18) connected in sequence. The laser (23) is electrically connected to the central control module (1). The laser beam emitted by the laser (23) enters the laser head (18) through the galvanometer system module (15). The laser head (18) focuses the laser beam to form a light spot. The galvanometer system module (15) is used to control the light spot to achieve a preset two-dimensional oscillation trajectory on the workpiece surface (14).

7. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 6, characterized in that, The welding unit includes an arc welding gun (21) and a welding power source (22) connected in sequence. The arc welding gun (21) is located on the side of the laser head (18) and its position can be finely adjusted to ensure spatial coupling between the arc action area and the laser swing center. The laser head (18) and the arc welding gun (21) constitute a welding head. The welding power source (22) is connected to the central control module (1).

8. The dynamic control device for laser-arc hybrid welding of packaging containers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The arc welding gun (21) has a connecting rod (20) on its side. The connecting rod (20) is fixed to the slide rail module (17) by a damping bearing (19). The slide rail module (17) is fixed to the laser head (18) by a fixing ring (16). The damping bearing (19) can realize the angle fine adjustment of the arc welding gun (21), and the slide rail module (17) can realize the linear displacement fine adjustment of the arc welding gun (21).

9. A method for dynamic control of laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulation containers based on the device described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Input the basic parameters of the container to be welded into the central control module (1), and the central control module (1) will automatically retrieve the corresponding basic welding parameters; Step S2: Start the welding command, and the welding head moves along the weld track at the set speed; Step S3: Simultaneously start the welding power supply (22), laser (23) and magnetic field control module (2). The central control module (1) controls the galvanometer system module (15) to drive the laser beam to swing and controls the magnetic field control module (2) to apply a dynamic magnetic field for welding dynamic control. Step S4: The central control module (1) monitors the welding status in real time through the industrial computer (3). Based on the monitoring signal fed back by the industrial computer (3), the central control module (1) judges the current welding status in real time and dynamically adjusts the laser oscillation parameters and magnetic field parameters to achieve multi-field coupling and collaborative optimization. Step S5: After reaching the end of the weld, the central control module (1) shuts down the laser (23), welding power supply (22), magnetic field control module (2) and galvanometer system module (15) in a preset order to avoid the generation of arc crater cracks.

10. The dynamic control method for laser-arc hybrid welding of encapsulation containers according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step 4, the monitoring signals of the industrial control computer (3) include the image signals captured by the visual monitoring unit and the welding spectrum signals processed by the spectral acquisition unit. The central control module (1) combines the image signals and the welding spectrum signals to complete the welding status judgment.

Images