Laser cutting device for magnetic shaft keyboard shell hollowing

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of laser cutting, and especially relates to a laser cutting device for magnetic shaft keyboard shell hollowing, which comprises a rack, a portal frame arranged above the rack, a laser cutting head assembly assembled on the portal frame, a workbench assembly installed on the rack and a control system, and is characterized by further comprising: a profiling floating supporting plate assembly arranged on the upper surface of the workbench assembly; the profiling floating supporting plate assembly comprises a bottom plate fixed to the upper surface of the workbench assembly, a plurality of independently arranged profiling supporting blocks and elastic supporting elements arranged between the profiling supporting blocks and the bottom plate; each profiling supporting block can be independently lifted relative to the bottom plate, the upper surface of each profiling supporting block is provided with a profiling surface matched with the bottom surface profile of the magnetic shaft keyboard shell, and the profiling surface is provided with vacuum suction holes for connecting a vacuum generator; the problems of large thermal deformation during traditional laser cutting and residual structure vibration during processing of empty areas are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and in particular to a laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic shaft keyboard. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetic axis keyboards, which utilize the Hall effect or magnetic induction principle, typically use thin-walled aluminum alloy components for their casings to balance structural strength and electromagnetic shielding performance. With the trend towards lightweight and highly integrated keyboards, the casings require the fabrication of numerous perforated structures (such as weight-reduction holes, light-transmitting slots, and antenna windows), placing extremely high demands on cutting precision, edge quality, and the heat-affected zone.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for hollowing out thin-walled aluminum alloy casings are CNC milling or laser cutting. Compared to CNC milling, laser cutting offers advantages such as non-contact operation, no tool wear, and the ability to process complex contours, and is gradually becoming the mainstream process. However, existing laser cutting equipment still has the following technical limitations in hollowing out magnetic shaft keyboard casings: Aluminum alloys have high thermal conductivity and a high coefficient of thermal expansion. After a large amount of material is removed from the hollowed-out areas, the stiffness of the remaining structure decreases significantly. During the cutting process, the laser heat input causes localized temperature rises, leading to upward warping or lateral twisting of the shell. Although traditional laser cutting equipment attempts to use air or water cooling to assist in cooling, it cannot dynamically intervene in thermal deformation. After cutting, the shell often requires secondary shaping, resulting in a low yield rate.

[0004] During the cutting of the hollowed-out area, the residual structure around the removed portion becomes thin or weak. The impact force of the assist gas and thermal stress cause high-frequency vibrations in the residual portion, resulting in serrations, burrs, or even tool breakage (for milling) or overheating (for laser cutting) at the cut edge. Existing equipment lacks local rigid support for the hollowed-out area, and vacuum adsorption alone cannot solve this problem.

[0005] The amount of material removed varies significantly in different cutout areas, and the heat input conditions along the cutting path change in real time. Traditional laser cutting equipment uses constant power or segmented preset power, which cannot dynamically adjust the laser energy according to the real-time temperature distribution of the cutting area, easily leading to localized overheating and ablation or incomplete cutting in certain areas. Even if some high-end equipment is equipped with temperature monitoring functions, they are often only used for alarms or shutdowns and do not actually participate in closed-loop energy regulation.

[0006] To address this issue, a laser cutting device for hollowing out magnetic shaft keyboard shells is proposed to solve the problems of large thermal deformation and residual structural vibration during the processing of empty areas in traditional laser cutting. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the following shortcomings in the prior art by providing a laser cutting device for hollowing out the casing of a magnetic axis keyboard.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard includes a frame, a gantry frame mounted above the frame, a laser cutting head assembly mounted on the gantry frame, a worktable assembly mounted on the frame, and a control system. The device is characterized by further comprising: A contoured floating tray assembly is disposed on the upper surface of the worktable assembly. The contoured floating tray assembly includes a base plate fixed to the upper surface of the worktable assembly, a plurality of independently arranged contoured support blocks, and elastic support elements disposed between the contoured support blocks and the base plate. Each contoured support block can be independently raised and lowered relative to the base plate. Its upper surface is provided with a contoured surface adapted to the bottom contour of the magnetic axis keyboard housing, and has a vacuum adsorption hole for connecting a vacuum generator. A bidirectional centering clamping mechanism is arranged on both sides of the contoured floating pallet assembly, including a left clamping arm and a right clamping arm arranged opposite each other, a synchronous gear and rack assembly, and a clamping drive component; the left clamping arm and the right clamping arm are linked together through the synchronous gear and rack assembly; A hollow area auxiliary support component is arranged above the base plate, including multiple independently liftable support columns; each of the liftable support columns is configured to rise before the laser cutting head assembly cuts to the corresponding hollow area, so as to support the bottom surface of the magnetic axis keyboard shell from the inside; The follow-up clamping assembly is fixedly connected to the side of the laser cutting head assembly and can move synchronously with it. It includes a clamping wheel for clamping the surface of the workpiece and a clamping spring for providing clamping force to the clamping wheel. The zoom optical path adaptive compensation system is integrated inside the laser cutting head assembly, including a dynamic focusing lens group, a focus position sensor, and a compensation controller; The laser energy adaptive adjustment system includes an infrared thermal imaging sensor and a power adjustment module disposed on the laser cutting head assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the base plate is machined with multiple guide holes; each of the contour support blocks has a guide post fixedly installed at its lower end, and the guide post is slidably assembled in the corresponding guide hole; the elastic support element is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post.

[0010] Furthermore, the synchronous gear rack assembly includes a synchronous gear rotatably connected to the frame; a first rack is fixedly provided at the lower end of the left clamping arm, and a second rack is fixedly provided at the lower end of the right clamping arm. The first rack and the second rack are parallel and their tooth surfaces face each other, and they mesh with the left and right sides of the synchronous gear respectively; the left clamping arm and the right clamping arm are also provided with torque sensors for detecting clamping force, and the torque sensors are signal-connected to the control system.

[0011] Furthermore, the hollow area auxiliary support assembly also includes multiple lifting drive cylinders, and the lower end of each lifting support column is fixedly connected to the corresponding lifting drive cylinder; the upper end surface of the lifting support column is provided with a high-temperature resistant buffer pad; the control system is configured to control the corresponding lifting drive cylinder to move according to preset cutting path information, so that the lifting support column rises before the laser cutting head assembly reaches the hollow area, and falls back to its original position after the cutting of the area is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, the follow-up clamping assembly also includes a clamping wheel bracket and a pressure sensor; the clamping wheel bracket is fixed to the side wall of the laser cutting head assembly, the clamping wheel is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the clamping wheel bracket via a rotating shaft, and the clamping spring is arranged between the clamping wheel bracket and the rotating shaft; the pressure sensor is installed at the end of the clamping spring for real-time detection of clamping force and feedback to the control system; the center of the clamping wheel maintains a fixed horizontal distance from the laser focus of the laser cutting head assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the dynamic focusing lens group includes a negative lens group and a positive lens group that can move relative to each other along the optical axis; the focal position sensor is installed at the lower end of the laser cutting head assembly to detect the actual distance between the lower end face of the laser cutting head assembly and the workpiece surface in real time; the compensation controller drives the negative lens group to move according to the detection signal of the focal position sensor to maintain the focal plane of the laser beam at a set depth below the workpiece surface.

[0014] Furthermore, in the laser energy adaptive adjustment system, the infrared thermal imaging sensor is used to acquire temperature distribution images of the cutting area in real time; the power adjustment module is configured to: reduce the laser output power when the highest temperature in the detection area exceeds the upper limit threshold, increase the laser output power when the highest temperature is below the lower limit threshold, and perform feedforward adjustment of the output power with reference to temperature gradient information.

[0015] Furthermore, the follow-up clamping assembly also includes a proportional pressure regulating valve, and the control system is configured to adjust the preload of the clamping spring through the proportional pressure regulating valve based on the temperature data obtained by the infrared thermal imaging sensor and the elastic modulus and thickness information of the workpiece.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser cutting head assembly also integrates an intelligent auxiliary gas adjustment system, which includes a gas nozzle, a proportional pressure regulating valve, and an electromagnetic switching valve; the control system is configured to automatically switch the type and pressure of the auxiliary gas according to the geometric characteristics of the current cutting segment.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1, clamping and positioning: Place the magnetic axis keyboard shell blank on the contour floating tray assembly, so that the contour surface of each contour support block is in contact with the corresponding features of the bottom surface of the shell, and use the elastic support element to adaptively adapt to the height difference of the bottom surface of the shell. Step 2, clamping and fixing: Start the vacuum generator to establish negative pressure adsorption through the vacuum adsorption hole to initially fix the workpiece; start the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism to center and clamp the outer shell, and control the clamping force to the set value through the feedback signal of the torque sensor. Step 3, Path and Timing Settings: The control system generates the lifting timing of each lifting support column in the hollow area auxiliary support component according to the preset cutting path, and loads it into the motion control program; Step 4, System Initialization: Start the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system and the laser energy adaptive adjustment system, and set the initial focal depth and initial laser power; Step 5, laser cutting: Laser cutting is performed according to the cutting path. During the cutting process, the focal position sensor and the infrared thermal imaging sensor provide real-time feedback signals, the dynamic focusing lens group and the power adjustment module respond continuously, and the follow-up clamping component and the hollow area auxiliary support component work together according to the preset logic. Step 6, Processing Completed: After cutting, turn off the laser, all lifting support columns descend and reset, the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism is released, the vacuum generator is turned off, and the processed hollow shell is taken out.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The contour-following floating pallet assembly employs multi-point independent contour-following support blocks, with each contoured surface precisely matching the characteristics of the shell's bottom surface. Under the action of elastic support elements, it automatically adapts to differences in bottom surface height, eliminating the need for manual leveling. The bidirectional centering clamping mechanism achieves synchronous centering movement of the left and right clamping arms through a synchronous gear and rack assembly, ensuring that the shell's center coincides with the zero-point coordinate of the laser cutting head. The combination of contour-following positioning and centering clamping ensures precise positioning of the shell in both vertical and horizontal directions, with controllable and measurable clamping force, preventing clamping deformation. The auxiliary support component for the cutout area raises its lifting support column as needed before the cutting head arrives, providing localized rigid support from the back of the workpiece and effectively resisting vibrations caused by the impact of auxiliary gas and thermal stress. The follow-up clamping component moves synchronously with the laser cutting head, with the clamping wheel always acting on the cut slit immediately behind the laser focus, suppressing the upward warping tendency caused by thermal deformation from the front of the workpiece. These two components complement each other from the back and front, spatially and temporally, thereby reducing the dynamic displacement of the residual structure during cutout. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the contour-following floating pallet assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the contour-following floating pallet assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow area auxiliary support component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the follow-up clamping assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the laser energy adaptive adjustment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 100, frame; 200, gantry frame; 210, side columns; 220, crossbeam; 230, X-axis drive mechanism; 240, Z-axis drive mechanism; 300, laser cutting head assembly; 400, worktable assembly; 410, Y-axis drive mechanism; 500, control system; 600, contour floating pallet assembly; 610, base plate; 611, guide hole; 620, contour support block; 621, guide column; 622, contour surface; 623, vacuum suction hole; 624, vacuum pipeline; 630, elastic support element; 700, bidirectional centering clamping mechanism; 710, left clamping arm; 711, first rack; 720, right clamping arm; 721, second rack; 730, synchronous gear rack assembly; 731, synchronous gear; 740, clamping. Drive components; 800, Auxiliary support assembly for the hollowed-out area; 810, Lifting support column; 811, High-temperature resistant buffer pad; 820, Lifting drive cylinder; 900, Magnetic shaft keyboard housing; 1000, Follow-up clamping assembly; 1010, Clamping wheel bracket; 1020, Clamping wheel; 1021, Rotating shaft; 1030, Clamping spring; 1040, Pressure sensor; 1100, Zoom optical path adaptive compensation system; 1110, Dynamic focusing lens group; 1111, Negative lens group; 1112, Positive lens group; 1120, Focus position sensor; 1130, Compensation controller; 1140, Collimating lens group; 1150, Focusing lens; 1200, Laser energy adaptive adjustment system; 1210, Infrared thermal imaging sensor; 1220, Power adjustment module. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-10 A laser cutting device for hollowing out the casing of a magnetic axis keyboard. Example 1 In view of the long-standing technical biases of existing laser cutting equipment in the hollowing process of magnetic shaft keyboard shells, such as large thermal deformation, poor consistency of processing accuracy, cumbersome clamping of irregular workpieces, and inability to adaptively adjust heat accumulation, this invention provides a laser cutting device for hollowing magnetic shaft keyboard shells, including a frame 100, a gantry frame 200, a laser cutting head assembly 300, a worktable assembly 400, and a control system 500.

[0023] The gantry 200 is mounted on top of the frame 100. The laser cutting head assembly 300 is mounted on the gantry 200 and can move flexibly along the X-axis and Z-axis to achieve precise adjustment of the cutting position. The worktable assembly 400 is mounted on the frame 100 and can move along the Y-axis to drive the workpiece to complete the feeding motion.

[0024] The two side columns 210 of the gantry frame 200 are fixed to the left and right sides of the frame 100, and the crossbeam 220 is mounted on the top of the two side columns 210 to form a stable gantry support structure.

[0025] The laser cutting head assembly 300 is mounted on the crossbeam 220 via the X-axis drive mechanism 230 to achieve translational movement along the X-axis direction; at the same time, it is connected to the X-axis drive mechanism via the Z-axis drive mechanism 240 to achieve lifting movement along the Z-axis direction, which can flexibly adjust the relative height between the laser cutting head and the workpiece.

[0026] The worktable assembly 400 is slidably mounted on the frame 100 via the Y-axis drive mechanism 410, and can move smoothly along the Y-axis direction to drive the workpiece to complete the feeding action, and achieve full-range cutting in conjunction with the laser cutting head assembly.

[0027] The contour-following floating support assembly 600 is disposed on the upper surface of the worktable assembly 400 and is used to support and position the magnetic keyboard housing 900. It mainly includes a base plate 610, multiple contour-following support blocks 620, and elastic support elements 630. The base plate 610 is fixedly assembled to the upper surface of the worktable assembly 400, and multiple guide holes 611 are machined on its upper surface to provide guiding constraints for the lifting and lowering of the contour-following support blocks.

[0028] The contour support block 620 adopts an independent modular design, corresponding to different feature areas on the bottom surface of the magnetic axis keyboard shell 900, adapting to the structural differences of the bottom surface of the shell. Each contour support block 620 has a guide post 621 fixedly installed at its lower end. The guide post 621 is slidably assembled in the guide hole 611 of the base plate 610 to realize the smooth lifting and lowering of the contour support block.

[0029] Elastic support element 630 is arranged between contour support block 620 and base plate 610, and sleeved on the outer periphery of guide post 621 to provide elastic support force for contour support block. Under the action of elastic support element, each contour support block 620 can be raised and lowered independently, which can adaptively compensate for the height difference of the bottom surface of the shell caused by casting, machining and other processes, and ensure that the contour support block and the bottom surface of the shell are tightly fitted.

[0030] The upper surface of the contour support block 620 is machined with a contour surface 622, which matches the contour of the corresponding area on the bottom surface of the magnetic axis keyboard shell 900 to achieve a fitting positioning. Each contour support block 620 is also provided with a vacuum adsorption hole 623. The vacuum adsorption hole is connected to the vacuum generator through a vacuum pipe 624, which can form a negative pressure between the contour surface and the bottom surface of the outer shell to achieve auxiliary positioning.

[0031] It should be noted that traditional vacuum adsorption fixtures rely on a completely sealed surface on the bottom of the outer shell to maintain vacuum. Once there are perforations on the surface, the vacuum suction will leak out significantly and fail, failing to meet the positioning requirements of the perforation process. This invention, through the contour-following floating support assembly 600, addresses this by ensuring that each contour-following support block only contacts a continuous solid area on the bottom of the outer shell. This area is spatially offset from the perforation area, preventing vacuum leakage. Furthermore, even during the perforation process, the surrounding solid area of ​​the area to be processed maintains a stable vacuum adsorption force, ensuring that the overall position of the outer shell does not shift and guaranteeing processing accuracy.

[0032] The bidirectional centering clamping mechanism 700 is arranged on both sides of the contour floating pallet assembly 600, and mainly includes a left clamping arm 710, a right clamping arm 720, a synchronous gear and rack assembly 730, and a clamping drive component 740.

[0033] The left clamping arm 710 and the right clamping arm 720 extend along the Y-axis, and their upper ends are provided with inwardly extending pressure grooves for pressing the side edges of the magnetic axis keyboard housing 900 to achieve horizontal clamping and positioning. The lower end of the left clamping arm 710 is fixedly provided with a first rack 711, and the lower end of the right clamping arm 720 is fixedly provided with a second rack 721. The first rack and the second rack are parallel and their tooth surfaces face each other. The synchronous gear and rack assembly 730 includes a synchronous gear 731 rotatably connected to the frame 100, with a first rack 711 and a second rack 721 meshing with the left and right sides of the synchronous gear, respectively. A clamping drive 740 is connected to the left clamping arm 710, providing power for the clamping action.

[0034] When the clamping drive pushes the left clamping arm to the right, the first rack drives the synchronous gear to rotate clockwise, and the synchronous gear drives the second rack to move to the left, thereby causing the right clamping arm to move to the left in sync, achieving centering and clamping of the workpiece and ensuring that the center of the workpiece is aligned with the equipment reference.

[0035] Torque sensors are installed on the left and right clamping arms to detect the clamping force in real time and feed the detection signal back to the control system 500. The control system precisely controls the clamping force to prevent excessive clamping force from deforming the shell, while avoiding insufficient clamping force from causing positioning loosening.

[0036] The contour-following floating pallet assembly provides a vertical positioning reference and auxiliary adsorption force, matching the bottom contour of the outer shell to each contour-following support block to ensure vertical positioning accuracy; the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism presses the outer shell towards the center line from the horizontal direction, so that the center of the outer shell coincides with the zero point coordinate of the laser cutting head assembly 300, achieving horizontal centering positioning.

[0037] The hollow area auxiliary support component 800 is arranged above the base plate 610 of the contour floating pallet component 600, and mainly includes multiple lifting support columns 810 and lifting drive cylinders 820. Each lifting support column 810 passes through the reserved through hole of the contour support block 620, and its upper end surface is provided with a high-temperature resistant buffer pad 811, which can provide stable support and avoid scratching the workpiece surface and withstand the high temperature effect during the cutting process. The lower end of each lifting support column 810 is fixedly connected to the lifting drive cylinder 820, and the lifting movement is achieved by the lifting drive cylinder. The air intake and exhaust of the lifting drive cylinder are uniformly controlled by the control system 500.

[0038] In the initial state, all lifting support columns 810 are in the lowered position, with their tops below the contour surface 622 and not in contact with the bottom surface of the outer shell, thus avoiding affecting workpiece clamping and initial positioning. When the laser cutting head assembly 300 cuts to the hollow area according to the preset path, the control system 500, based on the preset cutting path information, controls the corresponding lifting drive cylinder 820 to actuate before the laser cutting head reaches the hollow area, causing the lifting support column 810 located below the area to rise. The buffer pad 811 on its upper end contacts the corresponding position on the bottom surface of the outer shell, providing rigid support from inside the workpiece. The support point is located exactly inside the junction of the cut-off part and the remaining solid part, which can maximize the rigidity of the remaining structure in the hollow area.

[0039] Once the area is cut, the removed material is removed from the workpiece, and the lifting support column 810 immediately descends and resets to avoid interfering with the movement of the laser cutting head.

[0040] The follow-up clamping component 1000 is arranged on the side of the laser cutting head component 300 and is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head component. It can move synchronously with the laser cutting head component to achieve real-time clamping of the cutting area.

[0041] The follow-up clamping assembly mainly includes a clamping wheel bracket 1010, a clamping wheel 1020, a clamping spring 1030, and a pressure sensor 1040. The clamping wheel bracket 1010 is fixed to the side wall of the laser cutting head assembly 300, providing mounting support for the entire assembly. The clamping wheel 1020 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the clamping wheel bracket 1010 via a rotating shaft 1021, allowing for flexible rotation and reducing frictional wear with the workpiece surface. The clamping spring 1030 is positioned between the clamping wheel bracket and the rotating shaft, used to press the clamping wheel towards the workpiece surface, ensuring close contact between the clamping wheel and the workpiece surface. The pressure sensor 1040 is installed at the end of the clamping spring, used to detect the compression force of the clamping spring in real time, and feeds the detection signal back to the control system 500, achieving precise monitoring and adjustment of the clamping force.

[0042] The center of the clamping roller 1020 maintains a fixed horizontal distance from the laser focus of the laser cutting head assembly 300. This distance is adapted to the thermal conductivity of the material and the cutting speed, ensuring that the clamping roller always acts immediately behind and adjacent to the laser focus, i.e., near the kerf being cut. When the cutting area tends to warp upwards due to the laser heat input, the clamping roller can immediately apply a downward clamping force to suppress warping deformation, ensuring that the workpiece surface remains flat and guaranteeing cutting accuracy.

[0043] When the clamping roller presses against the workpiece surface, the actual position of the workpiece surface is forced to be stabilized within a very small range, which significantly reduces the distance fluctuation detected by the focal position sensor, greatly reduces the adjustment burden of the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system, and enables it to maintain the focal plane position with higher precision. Conversely, the rapid response of the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system ensures the stability of the cutting process and avoids a decrease in cutting quality due to focal plane offset. If the cutting quality decreases, it will exacerbate uneven heat input and thus increase the warping moment.

[0044] The zoom optical path adaptive compensation system 1100 is integrated inside the laser cutting head assembly 300. It mainly includes a dynamic focusing lens group 1110, a focal position sensor 1120, and a compensation controller 1130, which realizes real-time and accurate tracking of the focal plane.

[0045] The laser beam is transmitted from the laser to the laser cutting head assembly 300 via optical fiber, and then passes through the collimating lens group 1140, the dynamic focusing lens group 1110 and the focusing lens 1150 in sequence, and finally focuses on the surface of the workpiece to form the cutting focus.

[0046] The dynamic focusing lens group 1110 includes a negative lens group 1111 and a positive lens group 1112. The negative lens group is driven by a driving mechanism and can move along the optical axis. When the axial distance between the negative lens group and the positive lens group changes, the equivalent focal length of the laser beam passing through the lens group changes, thereby changing the focusing position of the laser beam on the workpiece surface and realizing rapid adjustment of the focal plane.

[0047] The focal position sensor 1120 is mounted on the lower end of the laser cutting head assembly 300. Its measuring axis is parallel to the laser optical axis. It is used to detect the actual distance between the lower end face of the laser cutting head assembly and the workpiece surface in real time, providing data support for focal plane adjustment. The compensation controller 1130 receives the detection signal from the focal position sensor and adjusts the position of the negative lens group through the drive mechanism, so that the focal plane of the laser beam is always kept at a set depth below the workpiece surface.

[0048] In the hollowing process of magnetic axis keyboard shells, the surface of the shell itself has slight undulations, and thermal deformation during the cutting process causes local warping, resulting in continuous fluctuations in the actual distance between the workpiece surface and the laser cutting head. Traditional cutting equipment relies on a Z-axis drive mechanism to raise and lower the laser cutting head as a whole to maintain the focal position. However, the Z-axis mechanism has a large mechanical inertia and limited response speed, making it difficult to keep up with the high-frequency fluctuations of the surface. This invention uses a dynamic focusing lens group to quickly adjust the focal length within an extremely short stroke. The response speed is much faster than the movement of the entire axis, achieving real-time high-precision tracking of the focal plane and effectively solving the focal plane offset problem.

[0049] The laser energy adaptive adjustment system 1200 mainly includes an infrared thermal imaging sensor 1210 and a power adjustment module 1220 mounted on the laser cutting head assembly 300. The infrared thermal imaging sensor acquires temperature distribution images of the cutting area in real time and transmits the temperature data to the power adjustment module. The power adjustment module analyzes the temperature distribution within the detection area, extracts temperature-related characteristic parameters, and dynamically adjusts the laser output power based on the deviation of these parameters from the preset target temperature range through an algorithm, thereby achieving precise control of the heat input.

[0050] When the highest temperature in the detection area rises rapidly above the upper limit threshold, the power adjustment module automatically reduces the output power of the laser to reduce heat input and prevent heat accumulation that could cause workpiece deformation. When the maximum temperature is below the lower threshold, the output power is appropriately increased to ensure that the cut can completely penetrate the workpiece and guarantee the cutting quality. At the same time, the power adjustment module also refers to the temperature gradient information. If the temperature gradient in front of the cutting point is too large, it indicates that the heat accumulation is serious. The power is reduced in advance to avoid excessive expansion of the heat-affected zone and further control thermal deformation.

[0051] There is a synergistic effect between the laser energy adaptive adjustment system 1200 and the follow-up clamping component 1000: when the infrared thermal imaging sensor detects that the temperature in a certain area is too high and significant thermal deformation is expected, the control system 500 can increase the clamping force of the follow-up clamping component in advance to counteract the expected warping deformation; conversely, when the temperature distribution is uniform and there is no risk of thermal deformation, the clamping force is appropriately reduced to reduce wear on the workpiece surface, taking into account both thermal deformation control and workpiece surface quality.

[0052] Working principle: In the pre-processing state: The magnetic axis keyboard shell 900 blank, which has completed the front key opening and the rough machining of the back, is placed on the contour floating tray assembly 600. The contour surface 622 of each contour support block 620 fits with the corresponding feature of the bottom surface of the shell. Under the buffering effect of the elastic support element 630, each contour support block automatically adjusts its height to adapt to the slight height difference of the bottom surface of the shell, so as to achieve a close fit support.

[0053] The vacuum generator is activated, and a negative pressure pre-tightening is established between the contoured surface and the bottom surface of the outer shell through the vacuum suction hole 623 to initially fix the workpiece. The bidirectional centering clamping mechanism 700 is activated, and the clamping drive 740 pushes the left clamping arm 710 to move to the right. Through the synchronous gear and rack assembly 730, the right clamping arm 720 moves synchronously to the left. The clamping jaws press against the side edge of the outer shell. The torque sensor detects that the clamping force has reached the set value and stops the operation, completing the horizontal centering and clamping of the workpiece. At this time, the control system 500 records the current position as the machining zero point, completing the workpiece clamping and positioning.

[0054] Cutting path planning: The operator converts the hollow pattern of the outer shell 900 into a cutting path in the CAD / CAM system and sets the laser process parameters corresponding to each segment. Based on the geometric characteristics of the cutting path, the control system 500 automatically generates the lifting sequence of each lifting support column 810 in the hollow area auxiliary support assembly 800. Specifically, before the laser cutting head reaches a certain hollow area, the lifting support column below that area is controlled to rise; after cutting is completed, it is controlled to descend, ensuring precise coordination between the auxiliary support and the cutting action.

[0055] Cutting process: The Y-axis drive mechanism 410 drives the worktable assembly 400 to move along the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis drive mechanism 230 drives the laser cutting head assembly 300 to move along the X-axis direction, performing laser cutting according to the planned path.

[0056] During the cutting process, the focal position sensor 1120 detects the actual distance between the lower end face of the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface in real time at high frequency. The compensation controller 1130 drives the dynamic focusing lens group 1110 to move rapidly according to the distance signal, so that the focal plane is always located at a set depth below the workpiece surface, and the fluctuation range of the focal plane position is controlled within a very small range to ensure consistent cutting depth.

[0057] The infrared thermal imaging sensor 1210 monitors the temperature distribution around the cutting area in real time. When the cutting enters the hollow area, the amount of material removed is large and the heat accumulation increases, causing the highest temperature in the detection area to rise rapidly and exceed the upper limit of the target temperature range. The power adjustment module responds with a corresponding algorithm to reduce the laser output power and bring the temperature back down to the target range. When the cutting leaves the hollow area and enters the solid area, the heat accumulation decreases, and the power adjustment module increases the output power accordingly to ensure cutting penetration while avoiding excessive heat.

[0058] The follow-up clamping assembly 1000 moves synchronously with the laser cutting head assembly 300. The clamping roller 1020 always acts on the cut slit immediately behind the laser focus. When the cutting area tends to warp upward due to heat input, the clamping roller applies a downward clamping force through the clamping spring 1030 to suppress warping deformation. The pressure sensor 1040 monitors the clamping force in real time. When the control system 500 determines from the infrared thermal imaging sensor that a certain area has a high risk of thermal deformation, it adjusts the preload of the clamping spring to increase the clamping force and enhance the deformation suppression effect.

[0059] The hollow area auxiliary support component 800 operates according to a predetermined sequence. When the laser cutting head component 300 moves to a certain hollow area, the control system 500 controls the corresponding lifting support column 810 to rise in advance. The top buffer pad 811 of the column contacts the corresponding position on the bottom surface of the outer shell, providing local rigid support. This support point is located below the solid structure inside the hollow area, effectively resisting the vibration caused by the impact force of the auxiliary gas and thermal stress. After the cutting head leaves the area, the auxiliary support column 810 descends and resets, avoiding interference with subsequent cutting.

[0060] Cutting complete: After all the hollow patterns have been cut, the laser is turned off, and the follow-up clamping component 1000 moves to a safe position along with the laser cutting head component 300; the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism 700 is released, and the left clamping arm 710 and the right clamping arm 720 move outward to release the horizontal clamping; the vacuum generator is turned off, and the suction force is released; the operator takes out the processed hollow keyboard shell, completing the entire processing flow.

[0061] Example 2 Based on the above embodiment one, and considering the varying requirements for clamping force for keyboard shells of different thicknesses and materials, this embodiment: A proportional pressure regulating valve is added to the follow-up clamping assembly 1000. The control system 500 calculates the optimal clamping force based on temperature data obtained from the infrared thermal imaging sensor 1210, the elastic modulus of the workpiece material, and thickness information, using a corresponding algorithm, and controls the proportional pressure regulating valve to adjust the preload of the clamping spring 1030. For thin shells that are sensitive to thermal deformation, the control system uses a smaller clamping force in conjunction with a higher cutting speed to avoid excessive clamping force that could cause workpiece deformation. For thicker shells with dense perforations, the control system uses a higher clamping force to effectively suppress warping deformation and ensure processing accuracy.

[0062] Example 3 Based on the above embodiment one or two, in order to further improve the flatness of the cutting edge, reduce slag adhesion, and improve the surface quality of the processed surface, this embodiment includes the following in the laser cutting head assembly 300: The auxiliary gas intelligent adjustment system mainly includes a high-pressure gas source, a proportional pressure regulating valve, an electromagnetic switching valve, and a gas nozzle. The gas nozzle is coaxially set below the focusing lens 1150, and the spray direction coincides with the laser optical axis to ensure that the auxiliary gas can accurately act on the cutting area.

[0063] The control system 500 automatically switches the type and pressure of the auxiliary gas based on the geometric characteristics of the current cutting segment. For straight-line cutting, high-pressure nitrogen is used to quickly blow away the slag generated during the cutting process, ensuring a clean and smooth cut. For curved sections, appropriately reduce the gas pressure to avoid pressure shock causing deformation of the thin-walled shell; For sharp corners, pulsed injection of auxiliary gas is used to reduce gas consumption and prevent slag from accumulating at the corners, thus ensuring cutting quality.

[0064] Example 4 This embodiment provides a processing method using the laser cutting device for hollowing out the magnetic axis keyboard shell described above: Step 1, clamping and positioning: Place the magnetic axis keyboard shell blank on the contour floating tray assembly, so that each contour support block fits into the corresponding features of the bottom surface of the shell, and adapts to the height difference of the bottom surface of the shell by relying on the self-adaptive effect of the elastic support element. Step 2, clamping and fixing: Start the vacuum generator to establish negative pressure adsorption through the vacuum adsorption hole to initially fix the workpiece; start the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism to center the outer shell and apply a predetermined clamping force. The torque sensor provides feedback to ensure that the clamping force meets the requirements. Step 3, Path and Timing Settings: The control system generates the lifting timing of each lifting support column according to the preset cutting path, and loads the lifting timing of the auxiliary support components in the hollow area into the motion control program to ensure precise coordination between the auxiliary support and the cutting action. Step 4, System Initialization: Start the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system and the laser energy adaptive adjustment system, set the initial focal depth and initial laser power, and complete the pre-processing preparation; Step 5, laser cutting: Laser cutting is performed according to the cutting path. During the cutting process, the focus position sensor and infrared thermal imaging sensor provide real-time feedback signals, the dynamic focusing lens group and power adjustment module respond continuously, and the follow-up clamping component and the hollow area auxiliary support component work together according to the preset logic to suppress deformation and ensure accuracy. Step 6, Processing Completed: After cutting, turn off the laser, lower and reset all lifting support columns, release the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism, turn off the vacuum generator, release all fixed constraints, and take out the processed hollow shell to complete the processing flow.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard, comprising a frame (100), a gantry frame (200) mounted above the frame (100), a laser cutting head assembly (300) mounted on the gantry frame (200), a worktable assembly (400) mounted on the frame (100), and a control system (500), characterized in that, Also includes: A contoured floating tray assembly (600) is disposed on the upper surface of the worktable assembly (400). The contoured floating tray assembly (600) includes a base plate (610) fixed to the upper surface of the worktable assembly (400), a plurality of independently disposed contoured support blocks (620), and elastic support elements (630) disposed between the contoured support blocks (620) and the base plate (610). Each contoured support block (620) can be independently raised and lowered relative to the base plate (610). Its upper surface is provided with a contoured surface (622) adapted to the bottom contour of the magnetic axis keyboard housing (900), and a vacuum adsorption hole (623) for connecting a vacuum generator is provided. A bidirectional centering clamping mechanism (700) is arranged on both sides of the contour floating pallet assembly (600), including a left clamping arm (710) and a right clamping arm (720) arranged opposite to each other, a synchronous gear rack assembly (730) and a clamping drive (740); the left clamping arm and the right clamping arm are linked together through the synchronous gear rack assembly; A hollow area auxiliary support assembly (800) is arranged above the base plate (610) and includes multiple independently liftable support columns (810); each of the liftable support columns (810) is configured to rise before the laser cutting head assembly (300) cuts to the corresponding hollow area, so as to support the bottom surface of the magnetic axis keyboard shell (900) from the inside; The follow-up clamping assembly (1000) is fixedly connected to the side of the laser cutting head assembly (300) and can move synchronously with it. It includes a clamping wheel (1020) for clamping the surface of the workpiece and a clamping spring (1030) for providing clamping force to the clamping wheel. The zoom optical path adaptive compensation system (1100) is integrated inside the laser cutting head assembly (300) and includes a dynamic focusing lens group (1110), a focus position sensor (1120) and a compensation controller (1130). The laser energy adaptive adjustment system (1200) includes an infrared thermal imaging sensor (1210) and a power adjustment module (1220) disposed on the laser cutting head assembly (300).

2. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate (610) has multiple guide holes (611); each of the contour support blocks (620) has a guide post (621) fixedly installed at its lower end, and the guide post (621) is slidably assembled in the corresponding guide hole (611); the elastic support element (630) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide post (621).

3. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous gear rack assembly (730) includes a synchronous gear (731) rotatably connected to the frame (100); a first rack (711) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the left clamping arm (710), and a second rack (721) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the right clamping arm (720). The first rack and the second rack are parallel and their tooth surfaces face each other, and they mesh with the left and right sides of the synchronous gear respectively; the left clamping arm and the right clamping arm are also provided with torque sensors for detecting clamping force, and the torque sensors are signal connected to the control system (500).

4. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow area auxiliary support assembly (800) also includes multiple lifting drive cylinders (820), and the lower end of each lifting support column (810) is fixedly connected to the corresponding lifting drive cylinder (820); the upper end surface of the lifting support column (810) is provided with a high temperature resistant buffer pad (811); the control system (500) is configured to control the corresponding lifting drive cylinder (820) to move according to the preset cutting path information, so that the lifting support column (810) rises before the laser cutting head assembly (300) reaches the hollow area, and falls back to its original position after the cutting of the area is completed.

5. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The follow-up clamping assembly (1000) further includes a clamping wheel bracket (1010) and a pressure sensor (1040); the clamping wheel bracket (1010) is fixed to the side wall of the laser cutting head assembly (300), the clamping wheel (1020) is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the clamping wheel bracket (1010) via a rotating shaft (1021), and the clamping spring (1030) is arranged between the clamping wheel bracket and the rotating shaft; the pressure sensor (1040) is installed at the end of the clamping spring (1030) for real-time detection of clamping force and feedback to the control system (500); the center of the clamping wheel (1020) maintains a fixed horizontal distance from the laser focus of the laser cutting head assembly (300).

6. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic focusing lens group (1110) includes a negative lens group (1111) and a positive lens group (1112) that can move relative to each other along the optical axis; the focal position sensor (1120) is installed at the lower end of the laser cutting head assembly (300) and is used to detect the actual distance between the lower end face of the laser cutting head assembly and the workpiece surface in real time; the compensation controller (1130) drives the negative lens group to move according to the detection signal of the focal position sensor so as to maintain the focal plane of the laser beam at a set depth below the workpiece surface.

7. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the laser energy adaptive adjustment system (1200), the infrared thermal imaging sensor (1210) is used to acquire temperature distribution images of the cutting area in real time; the power adjustment module (1220) is configured to: reduce the laser output power when the highest temperature in the detection area exceeds the upper limit threshold, increase the laser output power when the highest temperature is lower than the lower limit threshold, and adjust the output power by reference to the temperature gradient information.

8. The laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claim 5, characterized in that, The follow-up clamping assembly (1000) also includes a proportional pressure regulating valve, and the control system (500) is configured to adjust the preload of the clamping spring (1030) through the proportional pressure regulating valve based on the temperature data obtained by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (1210) and the elastic modulus and thickness information of the workpiece.

9. A laser cutting device for hollowing out the shell of a magnetic axis keyboard according to claims 1-8, characterized in that, The laser cutting head assembly (300) also integrates an intelligent auxiliary gas adjustment system, which includes a gas nozzle, a proportional pressure regulating valve, and an electromagnetic switching valve; the control system (500) is configured to automatically switch the type and pressure of the auxiliary gas according to the geometric characteristics of the current cutting segment.

10. A processing method using the laser cutting apparatus for hollowing out the magnetic axis keyboard shell according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, clamping and positioning: Place the magnetic axis keyboard shell blank on the contour floating tray assembly (600), so that the contour surface (622) of each contour support block (620) fits with the corresponding features of the bottom surface of the shell, and the elastic support element (630) adapts to the height difference of the bottom surface of the shell. Step 2, clamping and fixing: Start the vacuum generator to establish negative pressure adsorption through the vacuum adsorption hole (623) to initially fix the workpiece; start the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism (700) to center and clamp the outer shell, and control the clamping force to the set value through the feedback signal of the torque sensor; Step 3, Path and Timing Settings: The control system (500) generates the lifting timing of each of the lifting support columns (810) in the hollow area auxiliary support component (800) according to the preset cutting path, and loads it into the motion control program; Step 4, System Initialization: Start the zoom optical path adaptive compensation system (1100) and the laser energy adaptive adjustment system (1200), and set the initial focal depth and initial laser power; Step 5, laser cutting: Laser cutting is performed according to the cutting path. During the cutting process, the focal position sensor (1120) and the infrared thermal imaging sensor (1210) provide real-time feedback signals, the dynamic focusing lens group (1110) and the power adjustment module (1220) respond continuously, and the follow-up clamping component (1000) and the hollow area auxiliary support component (800) work together according to the preset logic. Step 6, Processing complete: After the cutting is completed, turn off the laser, all lifting support columns (810) descend and reset, the bidirectional centering clamping mechanism (700) is released, the vacuum generator is turned off, and the processed hollow shell is taken out.

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