A device and method for separating microplastics in high-sediment water based on chelating acid washing and fenton digestion-gradient density ultrasonic synergy

By combining chelation acid washing with Fenton digestion with gradient density ultrasound, the problem of low efficiency and poor purity in the separation of microplastics in water bodies with high sediment content has been solved, achieving efficient and rapid separation and recovery of microplastics, which is suitable for complex water samples.

CN122425815APending Publication Date: 2026-07-21CHINA RAILWAY 21TH BUREAU GROUP +2
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
CHINA RAILWAY 21TH BUREAU GROUP
Filing Date
2026-06-15
Publication Date
2026-07-21

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies are difficult to efficiently separate microplastics in water bodies with high sediment content. In particular, the recovery rate of microplastics is low in water samples with high turbidity and high sediment content. Furthermore, traditional methods are difficult to adapt to the separation requirements of different density components in complex water samples, and there are problems of cross-contamination and cumbersome operation.

Method used

A method combining chelating acid washing and Fenton digestion with gradient density ultrasound was adopted. The organic-inorganic composite film on the surface of microplastics was destroyed by the synergistic effect of EDTA solution and formic acid. The organic matter was oxidized and degraded by hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction. Gradient density separation was achieved by separation columns of NaBr and ZnCl2. The composite film was destroyed by ultrasound and microfluidic synergistic pretreatment.

Benefits of technology

It significantly improves the recovery rate and separation purity of microplastics, shortens the operation time, reduces reagent costs, and achieves efficient microplastic separation and recovery. It is suitable for water bodies with high turbidity, high inorganic impurities, and high organic matter content.

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Abstract

The application provides a high-sediment water microplastic separation device and method based on chelating acid washing and Fenton digestion-gradient density ultrasonic cooperation, the separation device comprises a suspension container, a sediment pretreatment unit, a NaBr separation column and a ZnCl2 separation column, the application realizes the high-sediment water microplastic separation and extraction method through the cooperation of chelating agent assisted acid washing, Fenton reagent digestion, double-stage density separation and surfactant anti-adsorption, the chelating agent EDTA forms a stable chelate with metal ions, and is dissolved in cooperation with weak acid, so that the residual amount of inorganic impurities is reduced to below 5%, the Fenton reagent rapidly oxidizes organic matter through ·OH free radicals, the digestion time is shortened from 24 hours to 30 minutes, and the organic matter digestion efficiency is improved by 48 times. The double-stage density gradient of NaBr and ZnCl2 is used for separating and purifying PP and PVC, and the separation purity is above 92%.
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