Manufacturing method of ecological restoration component based on natural riverbed microtopography replication and component

Abstract

The application provides an ecological restoration component manufacturing method and component based on natural riverbed microtopography replication, and relates to the technical field of river ecological restoration.The application obtains point cloud data by three-dimensional scanning through arranging a plurality of standard biological quadrats on a target riverbed, and biological sampling is performed on each quadrat area to screen out key replication areas; the point cloud data of the key replication areas are cleaned, registered and grid reconstructed, and are segmented into digital models of standard module units; a 3D printing technology is used to adopt a bio-based polymer material to perform deposition forming, and a modified coating is sprayed on the surface to obtain an ecological restoration component.The component has a concave-convex surface replicated from nature and multi-scale habitat space.The application can realize accurate natural replication of habitat structure, solves the problem of poor ecological adaptability of traditional artificial design through scientific screening of high-quality habitats, significantly improves biological colonization efficiency, and has the advantages of high precision, flexible manufacturing and environmental friendliness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of river ecological restoration technology, and more specifically, to a method and component for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy engineering and environmental ecological restoration, river ecological restoration and biodiversity enhancement projects are important means to restore the health of aquatic ecosystems. To improve habitat conditions in damaged river channels, current engineering practices often involve deploying artificial ecological components, ecological bricks, artificial reefs, or stacked stone structures on the riverbed or banks to increase underwater habitat space and surface area for biological attachment, thereby promoting the colonization and reproduction of aquatic organisms such as algae, benthic animals, and fish. These structures are usually designed based on engineering experience or simple hydrodynamic parameters, and their forms are mostly regular geometric shapes, such as standardized cubes, porous concrete modules, or artificial rockfill structures. Although some projects use hydrodynamic simulation to help determine the size and placement of components, the overall structural form is still mainly based on industrially produced standardized modules, which are then installed on the riverbed or bank slopes by hoisting or laying.

[0003] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have significant limitations in practical applications. First, because the component shapes are mostly based on simplified geometric structures, they cannot accurately reflect the complex micro-topographic features of natural riverbeds, such as irregular uneven surfaces, microporous structures, and naturally formed multi-scale habitats. This results in artificially created habitat structures that are too simplistic and have limited ecological adaptability. Second, traditional component designs generally lack the ability to meticulously replicate the specific natural habitat structures of the local area, making it difficult to create habitats that are highly compatible with the original ecosystem, thus limiting the colonization efficiency of benthic animals and fish. Furthermore, existing design and manufacturing processes largely rely on experience-based design or simple parametric models, making it difficult to achieve high-precision structural reconstruction and personalized customization. This significantly restricts the actual effectiveness of ecological restoration projects in improving habitat complexity and restoring ecological functions.

[0004] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method and component for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography, in order to solve the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the fact that the ecological restoration components of river channels are mostly regular geometric shapes, lack natural micro-topographic features, have simple habitat structures, limited ecological adaptability, and that traditional manufacturing methods are difficult to achieve high-precision habitat replication and personalized customization.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography includes: S1. Multiple standard biological quadrats are set up in the target riverbed area. Point cloud data of the surface of each quadrat area is obtained using a three-dimensional scanning device. Biological sampling is carried out on each quadrat area to screen out key replication areas. S2, preprocess the point cloud data of the key replica area into a triangular mesh model, and then digitally segment the triangular mesh model to form a digital model of several standard module units; S3 uses 3D printing equipment to deposit and mold the digital model of the standard module unit layer by layer using bio-based polymer materials, and then sprays a modified coating on the surface of the molded component to obtain an ecological restoration component.

[0008] Preferably, when selecting key replication areas, the area with the highest Shannon-Wiener index score is selected as the key replication area by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index in each sample plot area. The formula for calculating the Shannon-Wiener index is as follows: ; in, The Shannon-Wiener index is used to reflect the diversity and complexity of a community. For the first The proportion of individuals of a species; This represents the total number of species within a certain sampling area; It is the natural logarithm function.

[0009] Preferably, the preprocessing includes cleaning, registration and stitching, and is converted into a triangular mesh model through a triangular mesh reconstruction algorithm; The cleaning process includes using noise filtering algorithms to remove outliers from the point cloud data; The registration and stitching process uses an iterative nearest-point algorithm to ensure that the point cloud data obtained from multi-view scanning coincide in the same coordinate system. The mesh accuracy of the triangular mesh model is 2mm to 5mm.

[0010] Preferably, the size of the standard biological quadrat is from 30cm×30cm to 1m×1m; For land or shallow water areas, a ground laser scanner or structured light 3D scanning device is used for scanning, with a resolution of 1mm to 5mm; For underwater areas with a depth of less than 5 m, a multibeam ultrasonic depth sounder is used in conjunction with UAV photogrammetry or underwater photogrammetry to scan and obtain topographic information including changes in riverbed surface elevation, pore structure, and surface roughness.

[0011] Preferably, the biological sampling includes: benthic animal sampling and attached algae sampling; The benthic animal sampling method was adopted. A Sober net with a mesh size of 30cm×30cm and a mesh size of 500μm was fixed downstream of the sample plot. The benthic animals were washed into the net bag by manually turning over the bottom rocks in the sample plot and stirring the mud and sand to a depth of 5cm to 10cm. The algae sampling method was adopted. Three to five natural stones were randomly selected from the sample plot, and the algae in a specific area on the surface of the stone were brushed off with a stiff-bristled brush. The brush head was then rinsed with distilled water.

[0012] Preferably, the size of the standard module unit is within 1m³, and the output format of the digital model is STL or OBJ.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning accuracy of the 3D printing equipment is within 0.002mm, and it is equipped with nozzles with sizes including 0.8mm, 1.2mm and 1.6mm; The nozzle size is selected for manufacturing based on the complexity of the component structure.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes: a single layer thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm during 3D printing, and a printing material extrusion flow rate of 1000 g / h.

[0015] Preferably, the bio-based polymer material is polylactic acid; the modified coating is a modified polylactic acid coating, and the modified polylactic acid coating contains mineral particles.

[0016] The present invention also provides an ecological restoration component manufactured based on the above-described method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication, comprising: The ecological restoration component has a micro-topographical structure that replicates the natural riverbed; The micro-topographic structure includes an irregular uneven surface, a microporous structure, and 3D printed layer texture; The body of the ecological restoration component is integrally formed by 3D printing of bio-based polymer material, and the surface is covered with a modified coating.

[0017] The present invention also provides an ecological restoration component manufacturing device based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the processor to realize the ecological restoration component manufacturing method based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication as described above.

[0018] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of the device on which the computer-readable storage medium is located, implement the above-described method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the micro-topography replication of a natural riverbed.

[0019] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, it achieves a precise and natural replication of habitat structure. This invention utilizes high-precision laser scanning of natural riverbed structures and then employs 3D printing technology to replicate the structures based on digital data, enabling artificial components to realistically reproduce the micro-topographic features of natural riverbeds. The multi-scale undulating structure, concave spaces, and irregular pores of natural riverbeds are reflected in the components. These structures create different scales of aquatic microenvironments in the river channel, specifically manifested as micro-stagnant zones, low-velocity sheltered zones, and attachment surfaces. The application of high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data allows the printed components to create hydrodynamic conditions in the river channel similar to those of natural riverbeds, providing a basis for the colonization of aquatic organisms sensitive to the roughness of the attachment substrate and the shear force of the water flow. The complex structure increases the attachment surface area per unit area, providing living space for algae and microorganisms and enhancing the overall habitat heterogeneity.

[0020] Second, scientific screening was conducted based on biological indicators. By introducing the Shannon-Wiener index to evaluate the sampling area, the replica targets were identified as high-quality habitats validated by natural selection. This method ensures that the pore size and surface roughness of the replica components are naturally adapted to the biological community of the target area, solving the problem of poor ecological adaptability caused by the blindness of artificial design. The selected key replica areas represent topographic features capable of supporting complex biological communities, and their pore size is suitable for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals and algae in the area, providing effective shelter for organisms.

[0021] Third, digital manufacturing enhances the flexibility and precision of engineering projects. 3D printing technology avoids the limitations of traditional mold manufacturing on complex structures, achieving a positioning accuracy of 0.002 mm. Layered printing using 0.8 mm, 1.2 mm, or 1.6 mm nozzles ensures stable manufacturing of complex structures while maintaining structural precision, avoiding the loss of detailed structural details in traditional mold manufacturing. Modular design facilitates flexible deployment based on the hydrodynamic conditions, navigation, and flood discharge requirements of different river sections, enabling standardized replication and large-scale production of ecological restoration projects.

[0022] Fourth, it is environmentally friendly and durable. The main body of the component is made of polylactic acid bio-based material, which has good environmental compatibility; combined with a modified coating, while ensuring biocompatibility, the sprayed modified polylactic acid coating enhances the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the component in complex aquatic environments, thus extending the effective cycle of ecological restoration projects.

[0023] This invention provides a novel approach to river ecological restoration by integrating high-precision 3D scanning, biodiversity assessment algorithms, digital modeling, and 3D printing technologies. This technical solution overcomes the limitations of traditional geometrically designed artificial components, enabling the engineered reshaping of complex natural habitats. The high habitat heterogeneity, high biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness exhibited by the components make them an effective tool for restoring biodiversity in damaged river channels and improving the health of aquatic ecosystems. In practical engineering applications, the number and density of modules can be flexibly configured according to the specific length of the river and the restoration objectives, forming an ecological riverbed with natural landscape features and strong ecological functions. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the micro-topography of a natural riverbed, as provided in Example 1.

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography. This method can be implemented by an ecological restoration component manufacturing equipment based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography (hereinafter referred to as the manufacturing equipment), specifically, it can be executed by one or more processors within the manufacturing equipment.

[0029] In this embodiment, the manufacturing equipment may be an electronic device equipped with a processor. The processor carries a computer program for the manufacturing method of ecological restoration components based on the micro-topography replication of natural riverbeds, and the computer program can be executed. Such devices include computers, smartphones, smart tablets, workstations, etc., which are not limited here.

[0030] This invention achieves precise industrial replication of natural habitat micro-topography by integrating ecological sampling assessment, high-precision digital modeling, and additive manufacturing technologies, thus solving the problems of existing ecological components having a single structure and poor biological adaptability.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography includes steps S1 to S3.

[0032] S1. Multiple standard biological quadrats are set up in the target riverbed area. Point cloud data of the surface of each quadrat area is obtained using a 3D scanning device. Biological sampling is carried out on each quadrat area to screen out key replication areas.

[0033] Habitat selection and data collection are fundamental to the entire restoration process. Technicians first conduct on-site surveys of the target river section to identify areas with typical ecological characteristics, including fast-flowing, slow-flowing, gravel, and sedimentary zones. Standard biological quadrats are then deployed within these areas, with dimensions ranging from 30cm×30cm to 1m×1m. This size range is chosen because it covers the core activity space of small to medium-sized benthic animals and algal communities, possessing representative ecological statistical significance.

[0034] After the sample plots are laid out, the riverbed surface is scanned from multiple angles with high precision using 3D scanning equipment. For land or shallow water areas, a terrestrial laser scanner or structured light 3D scanning equipment is used. By emitting laser pulses and receiving reflected signals, the 3D spatial coordinates and reflection intensity of each sampling point are recorded. The resolution can be set from 1mm to 5mm, ensuring that minute pits, rock cracks, and natural textures on the riverbed surface are digitally recorded.

[0035] For underwater areas with a depth of less than 5m, a multibeam ultrasonic depth sounder is used in conjunction with UAV photogrammetry or underwater photogrammetry for scanning. The multibeam depth sounder acquires topographic information including changes in riverbed surface elevation, pore structure and surface roughness by emitting a fan-shaped sonar beam, thus ensuring the integrity of data for complex structural areas.

[0036] Simultaneous biological sampling was conducted to assign ecological weights to the topographic data. Different sampling methods were employed for different biological groups. The biological sampling included benthic animal sampling and attached algae sampling.

[0037] The benthic animal sampling method uses the Sauber net method. A Sauber net with a mesh size of 30cm×30cm and a mesh size of 500μm is fixed downstream of the sample plot. By manually turning over the bottom rocks in the sample plot and stirring up the mud and sand to a depth of 5cm to 10cm, the flushing action of the water flow washes the disturbed and washed-out benthic animals, such as mayfly larvae, dragonfly larvae, or snails, into the net bag.

[0038] The algae sampling method involves randomly selecting approximately 3 to 5 natural stones from the sample plot, using a stiff-bristled brush to collect algae from a specific area on the stone surface, and rinsing the brush head with distilled water to collect the rinsing fluid into a sampling bottle. A 1% concentration of Lugol's solution is then added on-site for fixation to prevent algal cell deformation or decay.

[0039] After the samples are brought back to the laboratory, they are identified and quantitatively counted under a dissecting microscope or microscope in order to screen out key replica areas.

[0040] When selecting key replication areas, based on the sampling results, the Shannon-Wiener index of each sample area is calculated, and the area with the highest Shannon-Wiener index score is selected as the key replication area. The formula for calculating the Shannon-Wiener index is as follows: ; in, The Shannon-Wiener index is used to reflect the diversity and complexity of a community. For the first The proportion of individuals of a species; This represents the total number of species within a certain sampling area; It is the natural logarithm function.

[0041] A higher Shannon-Wiener index value indicates a stronger support capacity of the terrain structure for the biological community and greater niche heterogeneity. Using this biological indicator, the area with the highest Shannon-Wiener index score was identified as the key area for replication, ensuring that the subsequently manufactured components naturally possess excellent habitat attributes.

[0042] S2, preprocess the point cloud data of the key replica area into a triangular mesh model, and then digitally segment the triangular mesh model to form a digital model of several standard module units.

[0043] This step achieves precise conversion from point cloud data to engineering models through 3D model reconstruction and digital processing.

[0044] The acquired point cloud data is imported into 3D data processing software (such as CloudCompare, Geomagic, MeshLab, etc.). Preprocessing is then performed first. This preprocessing includes cleaning, registration, and stitching, and the data is converted into a triangular mesh model using a triangular mesh reconstruction algorithm.

[0045] The cleaning process includes using noise filtering algorithms to remove outliers from the point cloud data, such as those caused by water surface reflection, suspended debris interference, or scan occlusion. The registration and stitching process uses an iterative nearest-point algorithm to calculate the rotation and translation matrices between different scanning stations, ensuring that the point cloud data obtained from multi-view scanning coincide in the same coordinate system. After point cloud registration, a triangular mesh reconstruction algorithm transforms the discrete point cloud into a continuous triangular mesh model. The mesh accuracy of this model can be set to 2mm to 5mm to preserve the microscopic geometric features of the natural riverbed.

[0046] In this embodiment, the triangular mesh reconstruction algorithm analyzes the spatial distribution of point cloud data, finds adjacent points, and uses triangular patches to connect the adjacent points to form a closed / continuous triangular mesh model.

[0047] To meet the deployment requirements of actual engineering projects, the reconstructed riverbed structure was digitally segmented, dividing the overall terrain into several standard modular units. The size of each standard modular unit is typically controlled within 1 cubic meter. This size limit takes into account the molding cylinder size of the subsequent 3D printing equipment and the hoisting and transportation loads on the construction site. The segmentation process ensures geometric continuity and seamless connection of the module boundaries. The completed digital model is output in STL or OBJ format, providing a standard data source for additive manufacturing.

[0048] S3 uses 3D printing equipment to deposit and mold the digital model of the standard module unit layer by layer using bio-based polymer materials, and then sprays a modified coating on the surface of the molded component to obtain an ecological restoration component.

[0049] This step transforms digital models into physical ecological components through a 3D printing manufacturing process.

[0050] Large-scale 3D printing equipment is used to form standard modular units. The positioning accuracy of the 3D printing equipment can be set within 0.002mm, ensuring the stability of interlayer stacking. It is equipped with nozzles of sizes including 0.8mm, 1.2mm, and 1.6mm, allowing for the selection of nozzle sizes according to the complexity of the component structure. For replicating the irregular uneven surfaces and microporous structures of natural riverbeds, a small 0.8mm nozzle is selected to achieve high-resolution reproduction and ensure that microscale habitat characteristics are not lost; for the internal support structures or base parts with small undulations, a large 1.6mm nozzle is selected.

[0051] In terms of materials, the bio-based polymer polylactic acid (PLA) is selected. This material is derived from renewable resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava, and has excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, and will not release toxic or harmful substances in the underwater environment.

[0052] During the printing process, the equipment deposits layers one by one according to the set slicing path, and the thickness of a single layer can be controlled between 0.5 and 1 mm. This layer-by-layer stacking process forms microscopic 3D printing textures on the surface of the component. These textures, together with the macroscopic irregular uneven surface, constitute a multi-scale rough structure.

[0053] After the component is formed, a modified coating is sprayed onto its surface. The modified coating is a modified polylactic acid coating, whose formula includes micron-sized mineral particles. The coating is uniformly applied to the component surface using a high-pressure spraying process, which not only improves the component's corrosion resistance and mechanical strength but also further increases the surface's micro-roughness. The micron-sized texture formed by the modified coating provides an ideal physical matrix for the initial attachment of algae, promoting the rapid formation of biofilms.

[0054] The ecological restoration components manufactured using the method of this invention exhibit significant technical advantages in practical applications. When deployed in river channels, the irregular, uneven surface of the components, replicated from the natural riverbed, alters the local flow field distribution. As water flows over these undulating structures, the geometric shape induces micro-stagnant zones and low-velocity shelter zones on the backwater side of the components. These areas provide fish with resting places to avoid strong currents, reducing their energy consumption. Simultaneously, the microporous structures distributed within the components form an interconnected spatial network. The size distribution of these pores matches the body diameter of local benthic animals, providing natural refuges for mayflies, dragonfly larvae, and other organisms to avoid predation.

[0055] In urban river ecological restoration projects, the manufacturing method of this component demonstrates exceptional flexibility. Thanks to its modular design, technicians can customize standard modular units based on the river's flow capacity requirements, flood control standards, and landscape needs. In river sections where biodiversity restoration is crucial, components with complex micro-topography can be densely deployed; in areas with high navigation requirements, components with relatively flat surfaces but still possessing microporous structures can be used. The digital manufacturing process eliminates the reliance on expensive molds for this customized production, significantly reducing the production cost of complex ecological components.

[0056] Furthermore, this invention solves the problems of excessive alkalinity and poor biocompatibility in traditional concrete components. The use of polylactic acid (PLA) material in conjunction with a modified coating makes the surface of the component chemically closer to natural stone. Over time, the surface of the component is gradually covered by biofilm and sediment, eventually integrating with the surrounding natural riverbed environment. Because the micro-topography of the component is based on the replication of the highly diverse local habitat, the physical spatial characteristics it provides are naturally adapted to the survival needs of local species, shortening the colonization cycle of aquatic organisms on the artificial component and achieving precise restoration of ecological functions.

[0057] During operation, the technical solution of this invention achieves ecological restoration through the following physical mechanisms. First, a multi-scale spatial supply mechanism: by using 3D printing to recreate macroscopic undulations, mesoscopic pores, and microscopic coating textures, a complete spatial sequence from centimeter to micrometer scale is constructed, meeting the habitat needs of aquatic organisms at different life stages. Second, a hydrodynamic optimization mechanism: irregular topographic undulations increase the roughness coefficient of the riverbed, effectively reducing near-bottom flow velocity fluctuations and forming stable local habitats. Finally, a biofilm promotion mechanism: the high specific surface area of ​​the modified coating accelerates the enrichment of microorganisms, providing ample food sources for benthic animals and building a healthy food web foundation.

[0058] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention transforms the complexity of natural riverbeds into quantifiable and replicable engineering structures through a closed-loop technical path of "natural structure scanning, digital model reconstruction, and 3D printing manufacturing." Point cloud data is acquired using 3D scanning equipment, digitally segmented using a triangular mesh model, and finally, 3D printing technology combined with polylactic acid materials and modified coatings is used to manufacture ecological restoration components with irregular uneven surfaces and microporous structures. This manufacturing method overcomes the design limitations of traditional geometric components, achieving a leap from "extensive construction" to "precise replication" in ecological restoration, and has broad application prospects in damaged river restoration, biodiversity conservation, and ecological landscape construction.

[0059] Example 2 The second embodiment of the present invention also provides an ecological restoration component manufactured based on the above-described method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication, comprising: The ecological restoration component has a micro-topographical structure that replicates the natural riverbed; The micro-topographic structure includes an irregular uneven surface, a microporous structure, and 3D printed layer texture; The body of the ecological restoration component is integrally formed by 3D printing of bio-based polymer material, and the surface is covered with a modified coating.

[0060] Example 3 The third embodiment of the present invention also provides an ecological restoration component manufacturing device based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, which can be executed by the processor to realize the ecological restoration component manufacturing method based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography as described above.

[0061] Example 4 The fourth embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor of the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located, the method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the micro-topography of natural riverbeds described above is implemented.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on the replication of natural riverbed micro-topography, characterized in that, include: Multiple standard biological quadrats were deployed within the target riverbed area. Point cloud data of the surface of each quadrat area was obtained using 3D scanning equipment, and biological samples were taken from each quadrat area to screen out key replica areas. The point cloud data of the key replica area is preprocessed and converted into a triangular mesh model. The triangular mesh model is then digitally segmented to form a digital model of several standard modular units. Using 3D printing equipment, the digital model of the standard module unit is deposited and molded layer by layer using bio-based polymer materials, and a modified coating is sprayed onto the surface of the molded component to obtain an ecological restoration component.

2. The method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... When selecting key replication areas, the Shannon-Wiener index of each sample area is calculated, and the area with the highest Shannon-Wiener index score is selected as the key replication area. The formula for calculating the Shannon-Wiener index is as follows: ； in, The Shannon-Wiener index is used to reflect the diversity and complexity of a community. For the first The proportion of individuals of a species; This represents the total number of species within a certain sampling area; It is the natural logarithm function.

3. The method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The preprocessing includes cleaning, registration and stitching, and is converted into a triangular mesh model through a triangular mesh reconstruction algorithm; The cleaning process includes using noise filtering algorithms to remove outliers from the point cloud data; The registration and stitching process uses an iterative nearest-point algorithm to ensure that the point cloud data obtained from multi-view scanning coincide in the same coordinate system. The mesh accuracy of the triangular mesh model is 2mm to 5mm.

4. The method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The standard biological quadrats are 30cm×30cm to 1m×1m in size; For land or shallow water areas, a ground laser scanner or structured light 3D scanning device is used for scanning, with a resolution of 1mm to 5mm; For underwater areas with a depth of less than 5 m, a multibeam ultrasonic depth sounder is used in conjunction with UAV photogrammetry or underwater photogrammetry to scan and obtain topographic information including changes in riverbed surface elevation, pore structure, and surface roughness.

5. The method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The biological sampling includes: benthic animal sampling and attached algae sampling; The benthic animal sampling method was adopted. A Sober net with a mesh size of 30cm×30cm and a mesh size of 500μm was fixed downstream of the sample plot. The benthic animals were washed into the net bag by manually turning over the bottom rocks in the sample plot and stirring the mud and sand to a depth of 5cm to 10cm. The algae sampling method was adopted. Three to five natural stones were randomly selected from the sample plot, and the algae in a specific area on the surface of the stone were brushed off with a stiff-bristled brush. The brush head was then rinsed with distilled water.

6. The method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The standard module unit has a size of less than 1m³, and the output format of the digital model is STL or OBJ.

7. A method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The positioning accuracy of the 3D printing equipment is within 0.002mm, and it is equipped with nozzles with sizes including 0.8mm, 1.2mm and 1.6mm; The nozzle size is selected for manufacturing based on the complexity of the component structure.

8. A method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 7, characterized in that... It also includes: a single-layer thickness of 0.5mm to 1mm during 3D printing, and a printing material extrusion flow rate of 1000g / h.

9. A method for manufacturing ecological restoration components based on natural riverbed micro-topography replication according to claim 1, characterized in that... The bio-based polymer material is polylactic acid; the modified coating is a modified polylactic acid coating, and the modified polylactic acid coating contains mineral particles.

10. An ecological restoration component manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The ecological restoration component has a micro-topographical structure that replicates the natural riverbed; The micro-topographic structure includes an irregular uneven surface, a microporous structure, and 3D printed layer texture; The body of the ecological restoration component is integrally formed by 3D printing of bio-based polymer material, and the surface is covered with a modified coating.

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