A sodium-ion battery energy control method, device, vehicle, equipment and medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of sodium-ion batteries, and particularly relates to a sodium-ion battery energy control method and device, a vehicle, equipment and a medium, wherein the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature and health state of a sodium-ion battery are used to correct the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery, so as to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery; the real-time voltage change rate and current reference power of the sodium-ion battery are used to predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery; when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, the engine is controlled to intervene in driving, and the real-time temperature, corrected state of charge and future available power of the sodium-ion battery are used to determine the allowed output power of the sodium-ion battery. In this way, the estimation deviation is eliminated by correcting the state of charge, and the power attenuation trend is predicted by using the voltage change rate, so that the engine intervention and the allowed output power are actively controlled before the power actually drops, and the sodium-ion battery energy control accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sodium-ion battery technology, and in particular to a sodium-ion battery energy control method, device, vehicle, equipment, and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Sodium-ion batteries, with their abundant resources, controllable costs, high rate capability, and excellent low-temperature performance, have a clear prospect for industrial application in the field of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, due to the significant differences between the electrochemical characteristics of sodium-ion batteries and those of lithium-ion batteries, and the usage characteristics of HEV models such as frequent start-stop cycles, large power fluctuations, a high proportion of low-speed operation, and high demand for low-temperature loads, sodium-ion batteries face challenges in practical HEV applications, including insufficient power output at low battery levels and insufficient driving reliability.

[0003] Existing battery energy control methods typically limit power based on state of charge (SOC) and temperature. However, the SOC relationship curve for sodium-ion batteries has a flat plateau region and exhibits charge / discharge hysteresis, leading to inaccuracies in SOC estimation. Furthermore, under the high-dynamic conditions of hybrid vehicles, battery voltage is prone to rapid drops, and traditional control strategies are mostly reactive, making it difficult to adjust power output in a timely manner, resulting in insufficient power output or driving vibrations. Therefore, the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control is relatively low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide at least one method, apparatus, vehicle, equipment, and medium for controlling the energy of a sodium-ion battery. This application eliminates estimation bias by correcting the state of charge and predicts the power decay trend by utilizing the voltage change rate. Before the actual power drop, it actively controls the engine to intervene and redetermines the allowable output power to prevent breakdown, thereby improving the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control.

[0005] This application mainly includes the following aspects: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for controlling the energy of a sodium-ion battery, the method comprising: Based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status of the sodium-ion battery, the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is corrected to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery. Based on the real-time voltage change rate and current reference power of the sodium-ion battery, predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery; When the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, the engine is controlled to intervene and drive, and the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a sodium-ion battery energy control device, the sodium-ion battery energy control device comprising: The data correction module is used to correct the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature and health status of the sodium-ion battery, so as to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery. A power prediction module is used to predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate and the current reference power. The energy control module is used to control the engine to intervene and drive when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, and to determine the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a vehicle including the sodium-ion battery energy control device described above.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a bus. The memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor. When the electronic device is running, the processor and the memory communicate through the bus. The machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor to perform the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method as described above.

[0009] Fifthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method as described above.

[0010] This application provides a method, apparatus, vehicle, equipment, and medium for controlling the energy of a sodium-ion battery. The method includes: correcting the state of charge (SOC) of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain a corrected SOC; predicting the future usable power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time voltage change rate and current reference power; controlling the engine to intervene when the future usable power is lower than a preset power threshold; and determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time temperature, corrected SOC, and future usable power. This improves the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control by correcting the SOC to eliminate estimation errors and using the voltage change rate to predict power degradation trends, proactively controlling engine intervention and re-determining the allowable output power before the actual power drop to prevent breakdowns.

[0011] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 A flowchart of a sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 2 This invention provides a functional block diagram of a sodium-ion battery energy control device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 This is a second functional block diagram of a sodium-ion battery energy control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] To facilitate understanding of this application, the technical solutions provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] This application provides a sodium-ion battery energy control method, device, vehicle, equipment, and medium. By correcting the state of charge to eliminate estimation bias and using the voltage change rate to predict the power decay trend, the method actively controls the engine to intervene and redetermines the allowable output power before the actual power drop to prevent breakdown, thereby improving the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control.

[0017] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the sodium-ion battery energy control method includes the following steps: S101, based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature and health status of the sodium-ion battery, the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is corrected to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery.

[0018] Here, the relationship between the open-circuit voltage and the state of charge (SOC) of a sodium-ion battery is significantly affected by the charging and discharging direction (i.e., there is charge-discharge hysteresis), and temperature and battery aging will alter the corresponding curves. Estimating solely based on the open-circuit voltage will result in significant deviations; accumulating solely based on current integration will lead to accumulated errors under dynamic operating conditions. This step comprehensively corrects the initial SOC estimate by introducing current direction, temperature, and health status, using multi-source information for mutual calibration, so that the final SOC more accurately reflects the battery's actual remaining capacity. This correction process overcomes the inherent limitations of a single estimation method in principle, providing an accurate basis for subsequent risk assessment.

[0019] In this embodiment, the sodium-ion battery energy control system mainly consists of a battery management system (BMS), a vehicle control unit (HCU), a single cell voltage acquisition module, a current sampling module, an NTC temperature sampling module, a high-voltage acquisition unit, and an anti-breakdown energy management strategy module. The battery management system collects the battery's voltage, current, temperature, current direction, and health status in real time, and directly outputs a high-precision state of charge value through a built-in correction algorithm. This value remains stable even under complex operating conditions such as frequent vehicle start-stop, low-temperature environment, and battery aging.

[0020] S102, based on the real-time voltage change rate and current reference power of the sodium-ion battery, predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery.

[0021] Here, during the high-dynamic operation of a hybrid electric vehicle, the voltage of the sodium-ion battery fluctuates rapidly with changes in load. The real-time voltage change rate directly reflects how quickly the voltage drops per unit time; the faster the voltage drops, the more severe the internal polarization of the battery, and the more rapidly its power output capability decays. This step utilizes the voltage change rate as a physical quantity to dynamically adjust the current reference power, thereby predicting the upper limit of the actual power that the battery can provide in the short term. This prediction does not rely on complex battery equivalent models but is directly based on the real-time voltage response, enabling it to quickly capture power decay trends and identify potential risks before the voltage falls below the safety threshold, transforming traditional reactive protection into proactive prediction.

[0022] In this embodiment, the battery management system continuously calculates the rate of voltage change and, in conjunction with the reference power under the current operating conditions, outputs the future available power through prediction logic. This prediction value quantifies the remaining capacity of the battery when it continues to output high power.

[0023] S103, when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, control the engine to intervene and drive, and determine the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power.

[0024] Here, when the prediction shows that the future available power is about to fall below the safety line, it indicates that if the current control mode is maintained, the vehicle will soon vibrate or even break down due to insufficient power. At this point, an active intervention mechanism must be activated immediately: on the one hand, the engine is controlled to intervene in driving, sharing the load pressure on the battery and reducing the battery's power output demand from the source, thereby suppressing further voltage drops; on the other hand, the power limiting rules under normal operating conditions are no longer used. Instead, the current real-time temperature, the corrected state of charge, and the predicted future available power are used as inputs to recalculate an allowable output power suitable for the current high-risk operating condition. This power cannot be too high, causing voltage collapse, nor too low, affecting basic driving capability. The entire mechanism, in principle, realizes a shift from "passive power limiting after the fact" to "active coordinated adjustment before the fact," ensuring the vehicle's basic driving capability as much as possible while ensuring no breakdown.

[0025] In this embodiment, after determining that the future available power is lower than the threshold, the battery management system immediately sends an engine start request to the vehicle controller. At the same time, it calculates the limited allowable output power based on the temperature, state of charge and future available power. The vehicle operates smoothly at this power until the risk is eliminated.

[0026] Furthermore, the step of correcting the state of charge (SOC) of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain the corrected SOC includes: Step a1: Based on the current direction of the sodium-ion battery, perform hysteresis compensation on the open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery to obtain the compensated open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery.

[0027] Here, because the open-circuit voltage corresponding to the same state of charge in sodium-ion batteries differs significantly during charging and discharging (i.e., charge / discharge hysteresis), directly using the measured open-circuit voltage for state of charge estimation would introduce systematic bias. This step determines whether the battery is currently charging or discharging based on the real-time current direction and obtains the corresponding offset value from a preset hysteresis voltage offset table. The measured open-circuit voltage is then subtracted from this offset to obtain the compensated open-circuit voltage. This compensation eliminates the influence of charge / discharge direction on the voltage-state of charge relationship, making the voltage value used for subsequent table lookups closer to the true open-circuit voltage under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions.

[0028] In this embodiment, the battery management system pre-calibrates the hysteresis voltage offset under different current directions through experiments. (For example, in the charging state) It is a positive value, under discharge state. (Negative values). During vehicle operation, the BMS monitors the current direction in real time. When the current is positive (discharging) or negative (charging), it calls the corresponding offset to correct the measured voltage, i.e. .in, The measured voltage is under static / quasi-static conditions. The open-circuit voltage after hysteresis compensation is used as the input for subsequent steps.

[0029] Step a2: Determine the first state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on the compensated open-circuit voltage, the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, and the health status of the sodium-ion battery.

[0030] Here, the relationship between the open-circuit voltage and the state of charge (SOC) of a sodium-ion battery is significantly affected by temperature and battery aging (health state). The open-circuit voltage corresponding to the same SOC differs at different temperatures; this relationship also drifts as the number of battery cycles increases. This step, based on the compensated open-circuit voltage and considering the current temperature and health state, searches or interpolates from a pre-calibrated multi-temperature open-circuit voltage-SOC curve library to obtain the SOC corresponding to that voltage, denoted as the first SOC. This lookup table method can effectively compensate for the effects of temperature and aging, and improve the accuracy of state of charge estimation under static operating conditions.

[0031] In this embodiment of the application, the battery management system stores multiple sets of open-circuit voltage-state-of-charge correspondence tables at different temperatures ( The system selects the two closest temperature curves based on the current battery temperature and performs linear interpolation, while also considering the battery's health status. Correct the lookup results (e.g.) (When the charge level decreases, the state of charge corresponding to the same open-circuit voltage is appropriately reduced). The final obtained first state of charge can reflect the true remaining charge under the current temperature and aging conditions.

[0032] Step a3: Integrate the current of the sodium-ion battery in ampere-hours to determine the second state of charge of the sodium-ion battery.

[0033] Here, the ampere-hour integration method calculates the change in state of charge (SOC) by integrating the charging and discharging current over time in real time, accumulating the amount of charge entering and leaving the battery, and combining this with the battery's nominal capacity. This method offers fast response under dynamic operating conditions and is unaffected by voltage plateaus, but long-term operation can lead to cumulative drift due to current measurement errors and initial value errors. This step utilizes the SOC obtained from the ampere-hour integration as the second SOC. , with the first state of charge They complement each other: the former has good dynamic response under dynamic conditions, while the latter has high accuracy under static or quasi-static conditions.

[0034] In this embodiment, the battery management system collects the charging and discharging current at a high sampling frequency, accumulates the charge using a trapezoidal integration method or a rectangular integration method, and periodically performs zero-calibration using the open-circuit voltage under static conditions. The formula for calculating the ampere-hour integrated state of charge is: ,in, The initial value of the charged state, This is the actual charging and discharging current. This represents the battery's nominal capacity. This value is continuously updated and is unaffected by a flat voltage plateau, enabling real-time tracking of state-of-charge changes even during frequent vehicle starts and stops and drastic power fluctuations.

[0035] Step a4: Based on the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the first state of charge and the second state of charge are weighted and fused to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery; wherein, the higher the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the first state of charge; the lower the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the second state of charge.

[0036] Here, the first state of charge (Table lookup value) At high temperatures, the electrochemical reaction is closer to equilibrium, resulting in higher accuracy when looking up the table; however, at low temperatures, the voltage plateau is flatter, increasing the error. Second state of charge. The integral value responds quickly under dynamic operating conditions, but drift accumulates over time, and current measurement errors may increase at low temperatures. Temperature-adaptive weighted fusion fully leverages the advantages of both methods: higher temperatures place greater trust in the lookup table value, allowing the integral value to correct slowly; lower temperatures place greater trust in the integral value, avoiding significant deviations in the lookup table at low temperatures. This step calculates the weighting coefficients based on the current temperature. (Usually designed for temperature) Linear functions: ,in , (for calibration constants), then follow the formula The final corrected state of charge is calculated. This state of charge combines the advantages of high static accuracy and fast dynamic response, remaining stable across the entire temperature range.

[0037] In this embodiment, the battery management system automatically adjusts the weighting coefficients based on the real-time temperature. For example, at a normal temperature of 25°C, The value is 0.7, meaning the weight of the table lookup value is 70% and the weight of the integral value is 30%; at a low temperature of -20℃, With a value of 0.2, the lookup value has a weight of only 20%, while the integral value has a weight of 80%. Through this temperature-adaptive fusion, the corrected state of charge output can rely on high-precision lookup results at room temperature, while avoiding lookup failure at low temperatures. Simultaneously, the integral value can continuously correct for drift. This weighted fusion strategy is specifically designed for the wide-temperature-range electrochemical characteristics of sodium-ion batteries, significantly improving the accuracy of state of charge estimation under all operating conditions and providing a reliable core judgment basis for anti-breakdown energy management.

[0038] Furthermore, predicting the future usable power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time voltage change rate and current reference power includes: Step b1: Calculate the power attenuation coefficient of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate.

[0039] Here, the real-time voltage change rate This directly reflects the voltage drop of a sodium-ion battery per unit time and is a key indicator for measuring the stability of the battery's output power. The faster the voltage drop, the more rapidly the battery polarization increases under high-current discharge or low-temperature conditions, resulting in more severe power degradation. This step calculates a power degradation coefficient between 0 and 1 based on the absolute value of the voltage change rate. The basic relationship is: the faster the voltage changes, the smaller the attenuation coefficient. This coefficient quantifies the degree of attenuation of the battery's current power output capability, providing a basis for subsequent power correction.

[0040] In this embodiment, the battery management system calculates the voltage change rate in real time. ,in The voltage at the current moment. The voltage at the previous moment. The sampling interval is defined. Then the attenuation coefficient is calculated. ,in Risk sensitivity coefficient (calibrated experimentally, for example) The value ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. This is the absolute value of the rate of voltage change. When the voltage drops rapidly, Larger A smaller value indicates that the available power needs to be significantly reduced; when the voltage is stable... Approaching 0, A value close to 1 indicates that the power requires almost no attenuation.

[0041] Step b2: Based on the power attenuation coefficient, the current reference power is attenuated and corrected to obtain the future available power.

[0042] Here, the current reference power The rated output capacity is determined based on the battery's current temperature, state of charge, and other conditions. However, under the high dynamic conditions of HEVs, even if the reference power meets the requirements, a rapid voltage drop can cause the actual usable power to be far lower than the reference value. This step multiplies the current reference power by the power attenuation factor to obtain the predicted future short-term usable power. .because Therefore, the future available power will never exceed the current reference power, and the faster the voltage drops, the lower the predicted value. This predicted value can reflect the battery's actual power output capability in the next few seconds, avoiding the need to wait until the voltage has dropped too low before taking protective measures.

[0043] In this embodiment of the application, the battery management system calculates the attenuation coefficient in step b1. Compared with current reference power Multiply to obtain the future available power. For example, when the rate of voltage change reaches 5V / s, When =0.1, If the predicted value is lower than the preset breakdown threshold, the system will immediately determine that there is a breakdown risk and initiate subsequent active energy management (controlling engine intervention and re-determining the allowable output power). In this way, the system identifies the risk in advance before the voltage actually drops below the safety line, realizing an upgrade from passive response to active prediction.

[0044] Further, determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power includes: Step c1: Determine the temperature coefficient based on the real-time temperature.

[0045] Here, the power output capability of sodium-ion batteries is significantly affected by temperature: at low temperatures, the battery's internal resistance increases, and the usable power decreases sharply; at high temperatures, the power capability is relatively improved. This step determines a temperature coefficient from a pre-calibrated temperature-power capability curve based on the real-time battery temperature. This coefficient reflects the proportion of the battery's power output at the current temperature relative to a reference temperature (e.g., 25°C). The lower the temperature, the smaller the coefficient, actively reducing power limitation at low temperatures to prevent excessive voltage drop.

[0046] In this embodiment, the battery management system stores power capability reference curves at different temperatures. The temperature coefficient corresponding to the current temperature can be obtained through querying or interpolation. For example, the temperature coefficient might be 0.6 at -10℃, indicating that only 60% of the power at room temperature can be output; at 25℃, the coefficient is 1.0, meaning full power output. This coefficient is one of the core parameters of dynamic power constraint.

[0047] Step c2: Determine the state of charge coefficient based on the corrected state of charge.

[0048] Here, the battery's available power is directly related to its state of charge (SOC): a higher SOC means more remaining charge, supporting higher output power; a lower SOC necessitates actively reducing power output to prevent over-discharge leading to voltage collapse or battery damage. This step determines the corresponding SOC coefficient from a preset SOC-power coefficient mapping relationship based on the corrected SOC obtained in step S101. This coefficient is close to 1 when the SOC is high and decreases as the SOC decreases, thus automatically limiting power output when the battery is low.

[0049] In this embodiment, the battery management system pre-stores a table corresponding to the state of charge (SOC) and power coefficient (e.g., coefficient 0.8 when SOC=50%, coefficient 0.4 when SOC=20%). The SOC coefficient for the current corrected SOC is obtained by looking up the table or by linear interpolation. This coefficient, together with the temperature coefficient, constitutes the basic power adjustment factor.

[0050] Step c3: Multiply the current reference power, the temperature coefficient, and the state of charge coefficient to obtain the basic allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery.

[0051] Here, the current reference power is a pre-calibrated reference power value based on the battery's capabilities at different temperatures. Multiplying the reference power by the temperature coefficient and the state-of-charge coefficient yields the basic power value that the battery can theoretically safely output, taking into account the current temperature and state of charge. This basic power does not yet account for the risks associated with future available power; it represents the power limit under normal operating conditions.

[0052] In this embodiment of the application, the formula for calculating the basic allowable output power is: ,in The preset reference power for the current temperature (which can be obtained by looking up a table). For temperature coefficient, This refers to the state of charge (SCC). For example, if the base power is 100kW, the temperature coefficient is 0.8, and the SCC is 0.9, then the basic permissible output power is 72kW. This power value represents the final permissible output power under normal operating conditions (i.e., when future available power is sufficient).

[0053] Step c4: Determine the power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery based on the future available power.

[0054] Here, the future available power is the short-term power upper limit predicted in step S102, reflecting the actual power capability that the battery can provide over a future period. This step determines the current power regulation mode based on the level of this predicted value. The power regulation mode characterizes the risk level under the current operating condition; different modes correspond to different power regulation coefficients, thus making additional adjustments on top of the base power.

[0055] In this embodiment, the battery management system compares the future available power with a preset safety threshold and selects the corresponding power adjustment mode based on the comparison result.

[0056] Step c5: Multiply the basic allowable output power by the power regulation coefficient corresponding to the power regulation mode to obtain the allowable output power.

[0057] Here, the power adjustment factor is a value corresponding to the current power adjustment mode. The power adjustment factor differs in different modes and is used to further adjust the output limit based on the base power. In high-risk mode, the power adjustment factor is smaller, thereby further reducing the permissible output power to prioritize preventing vehicle breakdowns.

[0058] In this embodiment, each power regulation mode has a pre-set corresponding power regulation coefficient. The system multiplies the basic allowable output power obtained in step c3 by the power regulation coefficient corresponding to the current mode to obtain the final allowable output power, and sends it to the vehicle controller for execution.

[0059] Furthermore, the power regulation mode includes a normal mode, a warning mode, and a protection mode; determining the power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery based on the future available power includes: Step d1: When the future available power is greater than or equal to the preset power threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be the normal mode.

[0060] Here, the future available power is the short-term power upper limit predicted in step S102. The preset power threshold is a pre-calibrated safety line for preventing breakdowns (e.g., 10kW). When the predicted future available power is higher than or equal to this threshold, it indicates that the battery still has sufficient power output capability for a period of time in the future, and there is no risk of breakdown. At this time, the system selects the normal mode, and no additional active intervention is required. In the normal mode, the power regulation coefficient is usually 1 (or relatively large), allowing the output power to remain at the basic allowable output power, and the vehicle can run at normal power.

[0061] In this embodiment of the application, the battery management system calculates the future available power in step S102. With preset power threshold Compare. If If the current mode is determined to be normal, the mode identifier will be set to normal. In this mode, the power regulation coefficient... Ultimately, the allowed output power is equal to the basic allowed output power.

[0062] Step d2: When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is less than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be an early warning mode.

[0063] Here, when the future available power falls below a preset power threshold, it indicates that maintaining the current power output will risk the vehicle breaking down. At this point, tiered protection needs to be activated, but the degree of risk varies. The real-time voltage change rate is a key indicator for measuring the urgency of the risk. If the future available power is insufficient, but the voltage change rate is relatively low (i.e., the voltage drop is not drastic), it indicates that while the risk exists, there is still some buffer space, and the system enters a warning mode. In warning mode, the power regulation coefficient is less than 1, moderately limiting the allowable output power, while simultaneously alerting the driver or control system that the risk is increasing.

[0064] In this embodiment, a preset rate threshold is used. (e.g., 3V / s) is determined experimentally. When and When the system selects the warning mode, the corresponding power regulation coefficient... = 0.7 (for example). The allowable output power at this time... = ×0.7, while ensuring basic power performance, power is limited in advance to reduce the probability of breakdown.

[0065] Step d3: When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is greater than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be a protection mode; wherein, the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the normal mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode; the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the protection mode.

[0066] Here, when the future available power is below a threshold and the voltage change rate exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the battery is experiencing a rapid voltage drop, resulting in a sharp decline in power output and an extremely high risk of breakdown. At this point, the system must enter its most stringent protection mode. In protection mode, the power regulation coefficient is minimized (e.g., 0.4), allowing for a significant reduction in output power to maintain only the vehicle's basic driving capability, while forcing engine intervention to ensure the vehicle does not completely break down. The power regulation coefficients for the three modes are in the following order: Normal > Warning > Protection, meaning that the higher the risk level, the stronger the power limitation and the higher the safety priority.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, when and When the system selects protection mode, the corresponding power regulation coefficient... =0.4. The final allowable output power is 40% of the base allowable output power, while the vehicle controller forcibly starts the engine for power assistance. In this mode, priority is given to preventing the vehicle from breaking down, and the driving experience may be slightly reduced, but driving safety is fully guaranteed.

[0068] Furthermore, the method also includes: Step e1: Continuously monitor the real-time voltage, real-time voltage change rate, and future available power of the sodium-ion battery.

[0069] Here, after the system triggers active energy management (i.e., future available power is below a preset threshold) and implements engine intervention and power limiting, the battery voltage and power state may gradually improve as the engine shares the load and the vehicle's operating conditions change. To promptly identify whether the risk has been eliminated, three key indicators need to be continuously tracked: real-time voltage (to determine if the voltage has started to recover), real-time voltage change rate (to determine if the downward trend has weakened), and future available power (to determine if the predicted value has returned to a safe range). The purpose of continuous monitoring is to accurately capture the timing of exiting active intervention, avoiding premature recovery that could lead to secondary risks or delayed recovery that could affect the driving experience.

[0070] In this embodiment, after entering the warning mode or protection mode, the battery management system continues to collect voltage, calculate the voltage change rate and future available power at a fixed sampling period (e.g., 10ms), and compares these values ​​with preset safety conditions. The monitoring process does not stop with mode switching and continues throughout the entire active energy management phase.

[0071] Step e2: When the real-time voltage increases, the rate of change of the real-time voltage decreases, and the future available power recovers to the preset safe range, the allowable output power is gradually increased according to the preset gradual step size until it recovers to the basic allowable output power.

[0072] Here, the battery can only be considered out of danger of breakdown when three conditions are met simultaneously: a voltage rebound indicates that the voltage drop trend has been contained; a decrease in the rate of voltage change indicates that voltage stability is recovering; and the return of future available power to a safe range indicates that the predicted power capability is sufficient to support normal driving. At this point, full power should not be restored immediately, as a sudden release of power may cause the voltage to drop again. Instead, the allowable output power is gradually increased according to a preset gradual increase step size (e.g., increasing by 5% of the current allowable output power each time, or increasing by 1kW every 100ms), allowing the battery and vehicle controller a smooth transition until it recovers to the baseline allowable output power before active intervention (i.e., the value calculated in step c3 without multiplying by the power regulation coefficient). This smooth recovery mechanism avoids the impact of sudden power changes on the battery and driving smoothness.

[0073] In this embodiment, the battery management system continuously monitors three conditions. When it detects that the real-time voltage rises for three consecutive sampling cycles, the absolute value of the voltage change rate drops below a preset rate threshold (e.g., less than 1V / s), and the future available power recovers to a preset safe range (e.g., greater than or equal to 1.2 times the power threshold), the system begins a smooth recovery process. The recovery step size is set to increase the current allowable output power by 10% every 200ms until the basic allowable output power is reached. If a rapid voltage drop or a decrease in future available power occurs again during the recovery process, the recovery is immediately stopped or the power is even reduced again to ensure safety first.

[0074] This application provides a sodium-ion battery energy control method, comprising: correcting the state of charge (SOC) of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain a corrected SOC; predicting the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time voltage change rate and current reference power; controlling the engine to intervene when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold; and determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time temperature, corrected SOC, and future available power. In this way, by correcting the SOC to eliminate estimation bias and using the voltage change rate to predict power decay trends, the method proactively controls engine intervention and re-determines the allowable output power before the actual power drop to prevent breakdowns, thus improving the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control.

[0075] Based on the same application concept, this application also provides a sodium-ion battery energy control device corresponding to the sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in the above embodiments. Since the principle of the device in this application is similar to the sodium-ion battery energy control method in the above embodiments of this application, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0076] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is one of the functional block diagrams of a sodium-ion battery energy control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the sodium-ion battery energy control device 200 includes: The data correction module 210 is used to correct the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature and health status of the sodium-ion battery, so as to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery.

[0077] The power prediction module 220 is used to predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate and the current reference power.

[0078] The energy control module 230 is used to control the engine to intervene and drive when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, and to determine the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power.

[0079] Furthermore, when the data correction module 210 corrects the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain the corrected state of charge, the data correction module 210 is specifically used for: Based on the current direction of the sodium-ion battery, hysteresis compensation is performed on the open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery to obtain the compensated open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery. The first state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the compensated open-circuit voltage, the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, and the health status of the sodium-ion battery. The second state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is determined by integrating the current of the sodium-ion battery in ampere-hours. Based on the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the first state of charge and the second state of charge are weighted and fused to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery; wherein, the higher the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the first state of charge; the lower the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the second state of charge.

[0080] Furthermore, when the power prediction module 220 is used to predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate and the current reference power, the power prediction module 220 is specifically used for: Calculate the power attenuation coefficient of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate; Based on the power attenuation coefficient, the current reference power is attenuated and corrected to obtain the future available power.

[0081] Furthermore, when determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power, the energy control module 230 is specifically used for: The temperature coefficient is determined based on the real-time temperature. Determine the state of charge coefficient based on the corrected state of charge; Multiplying the current reference power, the temperature coefficient, and the state of charge coefficient yields the basic allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery; The power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the future available power. The allowable output power is obtained by multiplying the basic allowable output power by the power regulation coefficient corresponding to the power regulation mode.

[0082] Furthermore, the power regulation mode includes a normal mode, a warning mode, and a protection mode; when the energy control module 230 determines the power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery based on the future available power, the energy control module 230 is specifically used for: When the future available power is greater than or equal to the preset power threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be the normal mode; When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is less than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be an early warning mode. When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is greater than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be a protection mode; wherein, the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the normal mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode; and the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the protection mode.

[0083] Further, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a second functional block diagram of a sodium-ion battery energy control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the sodium-ion battery energy control device 200 also includes: The data monitoring module 240 is used to continuously monitor the real-time voltage, real-time voltage change rate, and future available power of the sodium-ion battery.

[0084] The power recovery module 250 is used to gradually increase the allowable output power in a preset slow step size when the real-time voltage rises, the real-time voltage change rate decreases, and the future available power recovers to a preset safe range, until it is restored to the basic allowable output power.

[0085] This application provides a sodium-ion battery energy control device, including: a data correction module for correcting the state of charge (SOC) of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status, to obtain a corrected SOC; a power prediction module for predicting the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time voltage change rate and current reference power; and an energy control module for controlling the engine to intervene and drive the battery when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, and determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time temperature, corrected SOC, and future available power. In this way, by correcting the SOC to eliminate estimation errors and using the voltage change rate to predict power decay trends, the device proactively controls engine intervention and re-determines the allowable output power before the actual power drop to prevent breakdowns, thus improving the accuracy of sodium-ion battery energy control.

[0086] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a vehicle that includes the sodium-ion battery energy control device provided in the above embodiments and uses the sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in the above embodiments to control the energy of the sodium-ion battery. Repeated details will not be repeated.

[0087] Based on the same application concept, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 400 includes a processor 410, a memory 420, and a bus 430.

[0088] The memory 420 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 410. When the electronic device 400 is running, the processor 410 and the memory 420 communicate through the bus 430. When the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor 410, they perform the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in the above embodiment. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is run by a processor, it executes the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method provided in the above embodiments. For specific implementation details, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the above-described apparatus and unit can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0092] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0093] In addition, the functional units in the embodiments provided in this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0094] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0095] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. All should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the energy of a sodium-ion battery, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status of the sodium-ion battery, the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is corrected to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery. Based on the real-time voltage change rate and current reference power of the sodium-ion battery, predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery; When the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, the engine is controlled to intervene and drive, and the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power. The process of correcting the state of charge (SOC) of a sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain the corrected SOC includes: Based on the current direction of the sodium-ion battery, hysteresis compensation is performed on the open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery to obtain the compensated open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery. The first state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the compensated open-circuit voltage, the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, and the health status of the sodium-ion battery. The second state of charge of the sodium-ion battery is determined by integrating the current of the sodium-ion battery in ampere-hours. Based on the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the first state of charge and the second state of charge are weighted and fused to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery; wherein, the higher the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the first state of charge; the lower the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the second state of charge.

2. The sodium-ion battery energy control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prediction of the future usable power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate and the current reference power includes: Calculate the power attenuation coefficient of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate; Based on the power attenuation coefficient, the current reference power is attenuated and corrected to obtain the future available power.

3. The sodium-ion battery energy control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on its real-time temperature, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power includes: The temperature coefficient is determined based on the real-time temperature. Determine the state of charge coefficient based on the corrected state of charge; Multiplying the current reference power, the temperature coefficient, and the state of charge coefficient yields the basic allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery; The power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery is determined based on the future available power. The allowable output power is obtained by multiplying the basic allowable output power by the power regulation coefficient corresponding to the power regulation mode.

4. The sodium-ion battery energy control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power regulation mode includes a normal mode, a warning mode, and a protection mode; determining the power regulation mode of the sodium-ion battery based on the future available power includes: When the future available power is greater than or equal to the preset power threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be the normal mode; When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is less than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be an early warning mode. When the future available power is less than the preset power threshold and the real-time voltage change rate is greater than the preset rate threshold, the power adjustment mode is determined to be a protection mode; wherein, the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the normal mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode; and the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the warning mode is greater than the power adjustment coefficient corresponding to the protection mode.

5. The sodium-ion battery energy control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Continuously monitor the real-time voltage, real-time voltage change rate, and future available power of the sodium-ion battery; When the real-time voltage increases, the rate of change of the real-time voltage decreases, and the future available power recovers to the preset safe range, the allowable output power is gradually increased in a preset slow step size until it recovers to the basic allowable output power.

6. A sodium-ion battery energy control device, characterized in that, The sodium-ion battery energy control device includes: The data correction module is used to correct the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on the open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature and health status of the sodium-ion battery, so as to obtain the corrected state of charge of the sodium-ion battery. A power prediction module is used to predict the future available power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time voltage change rate and the current reference power. The energy control module is used to control the engine to intervene and drive when the future available power is lower than a preset power threshold, and to determine the allowable output power of the sodium-ion battery based on the real-time temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the corrected state of charge, and the future available power. When the data correction module corrects the state of charge of the sodium-ion battery based on its open-circuit voltage, current direction, temperature, and health status to obtain the corrected state of charge, the data correction module is specifically used for: Based on the current direction of the sodium-ion battery, hysteresis compensation is performed on the open-circuit voltage of the sodium-ion battery to obtain the compensated open-circuit voltage. Based on the compensated open-circuit voltage, the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, and the health status of the sodium-ion battery, a first state of charge (SOC) of the sodium-ion battery is determined. The current of the sodium-ion battery is integrated in ampere-hours to determine a second SOC. Based on the temperature of the sodium-ion battery, the first SOC and the second SOC are weighted and fused to obtain a corrected SOC. The higher the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the first SOC; the lower the temperature, the greater the fusion weight of the second SOC.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the sodium-ion battery energy control device as described in claim 6.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a processor, a memory, and a bus. The memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor. When the electronic device is running, the processor communicates with the memory via the bus. The machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor to perform the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the sodium-ion battery energy control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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