Pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with water leakage monitoring function and operation method

Abstract

A pressure cabin hatch structure with water leakage monitoring function and an operating method, the structure comprises a pressure cabin hatch, a cylindrical wall, an O-shaped sealing ring, a pressure sensor, a water leakage monitoring belt, a camera with a lamp, an electromagnetic auxiliary locking mechanism and a control box. The pressure sensor monitors the sealing contact pressure in real time; the water leakage monitoring belt detects small seepage water; two cameras with lamps shoot and calculate the jet-like water leakage speed; the electromagnetic auxiliary locking mechanism is powered to adsorb the cover plate to enhance the sealing when detecting that the sealing is loose or there is small seepage. The operating method realizes three-level progressive safety response from sealing loose early warning, small seepage alarm to large leakage alarm, and can actively electromagnetically lock and stop leakage when leakage occurs. The present application has high integration, accurate grading monitoring and active intervention ability, and is suitable for the pressure cabin hatch of manned submersible and unmanned submersible, which significantly improves the safety of deep sea operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine equipment technology, and in particular to a pressure-resistant hatch cover structure and operation method with leakage monitoring function. Background Technology

[0002] The pressure hatch cover is a key component of the submersible's pressure hull, equivalent to the submersible's "lifeline," and must ensure absolute watertightness under extreme high-pressure environments.

[0003] Existing hatch cover structures typically use single or double sealing rings for sealing, which has the following shortcomings: First, there is a lack of real-time monitoring capabilities for sealing conditions and leakage, which is often only discovered after the leakage has already damaged internal equipment; Secondly, most leak detection sensors are rigid structures, which make it difficult to fit tightly against the curved cabin walls, resulting in low detection sensitivity and a high false alarm rate.

[0004] With the increasing depth of ocean exploration and the growing demand for underwater unmanned pressure chambers, higher requirements are being placed on the safety and reliability of these chambers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a pressure chamber hatch structure that can monitor the sealing status in real time, accurately detect leaks, and has a compact design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing production technologies, the applicant provides a pressure-resistant hatch cover structure and operation method with leakage monitoring function, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of sealing contact pressure, graded detection of minor leaks and major leaks, and electromagnetic adsorption to assist in locking and stopping leaks when leakage is detected, thus improving the safety of deep-sea pressure tanks.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function includes: Pressure hatch cover with a sealing conical surface at the bottom; A cylindrical enclosure is fixedly installed on the pressure sphere of the submersible. The pressure sphere hatch is rotatably connected to the cylindrical enclosure and can be closed to seal the opening of the cylindrical enclosure. O-rings are installed in dovetail grooves on the inner wall of cylindrical enclosures and are used to form a seal with the sealing cone surface when the pressure hatch cover is closed. The pressure sensor is installed inside the pressure perforation of the cylindrical enclosure. The cylindrical sensing head of the pressure sensor contacts the sealing cone surface to monitor the sealing contact pressure. Leakage detection tape is installed in the water collection tank on the inner wall of a cylindrical enclosure to detect minor leaks and water accumulation. A camera with lights is installed in a camera slot inside the cylindrical enclosure to capture images of internal water leakage. The electromagnetic assisted locking mechanism includes an induction coil installed in a coil slot in a cylindrical enclosure and an annular iron ring placed inside the coil slot. When the induction coil is energized, the annular iron ring generates a magnetic force, which attracts the pressure-resistant hatch cover and further presses the cover tightly. The control box is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the water leakage detection belt, the camera with light, and the induction coil, respectively, and is used to receive signals and control the power supply of the induction coil.

[0007] Its further technical solution lies in: The inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure is provided with dovetail grooves, pressure perforations, coil grooves, water collection grooves and camera grooves from top to bottom. Vertical perforations, horizontal perforations and bottom wire grooves are provided between each groove to accommodate the tail wires or cables of each sensor.

[0008] The pressure sensor has a butterfly spring at the bottom, which is fitted onto the pressure sensor to keep the cylindrical sensing head in elastic contact with the sealing cone surface.

[0009] The leakage monitoring belt is a ring-shaped detection belt arranged circumferentially in the water accumulation tank, with composite cables leading out from both sides and connected to the control box through horizontal and vertical perforations.

[0010] The camera with lights consists of two cameras arranged vertically, installed in the upper and lower camera slots respectively. The two cameras simultaneously capture images to calculate the spray speed of the leaking water flow.

[0011] The bottom of the annular iron ring is equipped with a flange, which is fixed to the annular sill of the cylindrical wall by screws. The inner side of the annular iron ring is a conical surface, which is aligned with the conical surface of the cylindrical wall.

[0012] The cover plate of the pressure hatch is made of carbon steel. It has a lug plate, a handle and a cover plate support for connecting the rocker arm on the top. One end of the rocker arm is connected to the wall support of the cylindrical enclosure through a swing shaft.

[0013] The top surface of the cylindrical enclosure has screw holes around its circumference. The pressure hatch cover is secured after being closed by screws passing through the ear plate and being screwed into the screw holes.

[0014] The control box is installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical enclosure and fixed by screw holes on the bottom surface. The control box contains a circuit board for receiving signals from the pressure sensor, the water leakage detection belt and the camera with light, and sending a power-on command to the induction coil according to the preset threshold.

[0015] An operating method for a pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage detection function includes the following operating procedures: Step 1: Close the pressure vent cover to press the sealing cone against the O-ring. At the same time, the sealing cone compresses the cylindrical sensing head of the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure in real time and transmits the data to the control box. Step 2: When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure value is lower than the first threshold, the control box issues a warning of loose seal. The submariner then energizes the induction coil through the control box, causing the annular iron ring to generate magnetic force to attract the pressure hatch cover downwards, thus enhancing the seal. Step 3: When the leak detection belt detects water accumulation in the water tank, the control box issues a minor leak alarm and simultaneously controls the induction coil to be energized to assist in locking and stopping the leak; Step 4: When the camera with light captures an image of water jetting, the control box calculates the jetting speed based on the time difference between the two cameras. If it exceeds the second threshold, a large water leakage alarm is issued and an emergency buoy is prompted.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: I. This invention enables real-time monitoring and early warning of sealing contact pressure: This invention incorporates a pressure sensor installed within a pressure perforation in the cylindrical enclosure, with a butterfly spring at the sensor's base to ensure the cylindrical sensing head remains elastically pressed against the sealing cone surface. After the hatch cover is closed, the pressure sensor monitors the sealing contact pressure in real time. When the contact pressure drops below a preset threshold due to deep-sea pressure fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, or other factors, the control box immediately issues a hatch cover loosening warning. This warning occurs before leakage occurs, allowing the submersible crew to take preventative measures and effectively prevent seawater from seeping into the pressure tank.

[0017] II. This invention can construct a graded and precise detection system for minute leaks and large leaks: This invention integrates three complementary detection methods. First, a leak detection strip is installed inside a water collection tank, specifically designed to detect small amounts of seawater that slowly flow down and accumulate along the inner wall of the enclosure due to micro-leakage from the conical seal, solving the problem that traditional point sensors struggle to detect minute leaks. Second, two cameras with lights positioned vertically can capture real-time images of the enclosure's interior, and the flow velocity of the jet-like water flow is calculated based on the time difference between the images captured by the two cameras, specifically designed to handle large-scale jet-like leaks resulting from seal failure. These three detection methods (pressure monitoring, water collection monitoring, and image monitoring) together constitute a comprehensive, tiered monitoring system covering everything from minute leaks to jet-like leaks, avoiding the pitfalls of false alarms or missed detections inherent in single detection methods.

[0018] Third, this invention can possess an active electromagnetic-assisted locking and leak-stopping function, achieving a leap from passive alarm to active intervention: When the pressure sensor issues a warning of a loose seal or the leak detection strip triggers a minor leak alarm, the crew can energize the induction coil via the control box. Once energized, the coil uses electromagnetic induction to generate a magnetic force on the annular iron ring, attracting the carbon steel cover and pressing it down to tighten the O-ring seal, thus increasing the sealing pressure. This active intervention mechanism can assist in locking and stopping leaks in their early stages, delaying or even eliminating them. This design overcomes the limitations of existing hatch covers that can only passively alarm and cannot actively intervene, significantly improving sealing reliability in extreme deep-sea environments.

[0019] IV. This invention can significantly improve the safety of submersibles by employing a multi-level progressive linkage mechanism: This invention organically combines sealing pressure monitoring, minor leak monitoring, and major leak monitoring with electromagnetic assisted locking and an emergency surfacing plan, forming a three-tiered progressive safety response. At the first level, when the sealing contact pressure falls below a threshold, the system issues a loosening warning, and the submersible operator can activate electromagnetic assisted locking. At the second level, when the leak detection belt detects minor water accumulation, the system issues a leak alarm, which can also be stopped by electromagnetic assisted locking. At the third level, when the camera detects a jetting water flow and the calculated flow velocity exceeds a safety threshold, the system issues a major leak alarm, prompting the submersible operator to immediately activate the emergency jettisoning and surfacing plan. This linkage mechanism allows the submersible operator to take different levels of measures based on the severity of the leak, avoiding operational interruptions caused by blindly surfacing in the event of a minor leak, and gaining valuable escape time in the event of a major leak, thus comprehensively improving the safety of the submersible's pressure chamber.

[0020] V. This invention has a compact structure and high integration, making it suitable for high-pressure environments: This invention integrates an O-ring seal, pressure sensor, disc spring, induction coil, annular iron ring, leakage detection strip, illuminated camera, and control box all within the limited space of a cylindrical enclosure. The enclosure features dovetail grooves, pressure perforations, coil slots, water collection channels, camera slots, and interconnected vertical and horizontal perforations and bottom cable channels, achieving an orderly arrangement and concealed wiring for various functional components. The overall structure has no exposed pipelines, does not affect the normal opening and closing of the hatch cover, and all components are located inside the enclosure, enabling it to withstand high-pressure external loads in the deep sea. The structure boasts high reliability and is particularly suitable for the pressure hulls of deep-sea submersibles.

[0021] VI. This invention is easy to operate and maintain, and has a wide range of applications: The hatch cover is opened and closed using a combination of manual screw tightening and electromagnetic assisted locking. Normal operation does not require reliance on the electromagnetic mechanism, ensuring good adaptability to sea conditions. The control box centrally displays the real-time status and alarm information of each sensor, facilitating rapid assessment of the sealing health by the submersible crew and enabling shore-based support personnel to conduct routine inspections and maintenance. This invention is not only applicable to the pressure chambers of manned submersibles but can also be extended to the pressure chambers of unmanned submersibles, underwater operational devices, and other underwater equipment requiring highly reliable sealing and leakage monitoring, demonstrating broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the pressure-resistant hatch cover with leakage monitoring function of the present invention on the pressure-resistant sphere of a submersible.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the pressure-resistant hatch cover with leakage monitoring function of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Diagram showing the pressure hatch cover in closed state.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Bottom view of the cross section.

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Composition diagram of the medium pressure hatch cover.

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Bottom view of the medium pressure hatch cover.

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the medium-sized cylindrical enclosure.

[0030] Figure 9 for Figure 4 Axonometric view of a medium-sized cylindrical enclosure.

[0031] Figure 10 for Figure 4 Bottom view of the medium cylindrical enclosure.

[0032] Figure 11 for Figure 4 A diagram showing the components of a medium-pressure sensor.

[0033] Figure 12 for Figure 4 A diagram showing the composition of an induction coil.

[0034] Figure 13 for Figure 4 A diagram showing the composition of the central ring-shaped iron ring.

[0035] Figure 14 for Figure 4 Diagram of the components of the leakage monitoring belt.

[0036] Figure 15 for Figure 4 A diagram showing the components of a camera with integrated lighting.

[0037] The components include: 1. Pressure hatch cover; 2. Cylindrical enclosure; 3. O-ring seal; 4. Pressure sensor; 5. Disc spring; 6. Induction coil; 7. Ring iron ring; 8. Leakage detection strip; 9. Camera with light; 10. Control box; 11. Cable bundle. 101. Cover plate body; 102. Ear plate; 103. Connecting hole; 104. Handle; 105. Cover plate support; 106. Cover plate pin; 107. Rocker arm; 108. Swing shaft; 109. Sealing cone surface; 110. Concave surface; 201. Enclosure body; 202. Enclosure support; 203. Conical surface; 204. Dovetail groove; 205. Pressure perforation; 206. Coil groove; 207. Coil perforation; 208. Annular sill; 209. Vertical perforation; 210. Horizontal perforation; 211. Water collection trough; 212. Camera groove; 213. Camera perforation; 214. Slot thread; 215. Bottom groove; 216. Top screw hole; 217. Bottom screw hole; 401. Cylindrical sensor head; 402. First tail wire; 601. Multi-turn coil; 602. Power transmission cable; 701. Iron ring body; 702. Flange; 703. Set hole; 704. Conical surface of the iron ring; 801. Detection tape; 802. Composite cable; 901. Camera body; 902. Second tail wire; 903. Camera thread. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figures 1-15 As shown, the pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function in this embodiment includes: Pressure hatch cover 1, with a sealing cone surface 109 at the bottom; A cylindrical enclosure 2 is fixedly installed on the pressure sphere of the submersible. The pressure sphere cover 1 is rotatably connected to the cylindrical enclosure 2 and can be closed to seal the opening of the cylindrical enclosure 2. The O-ring 3 is set in the dovetail groove 204 on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure 2, and is used to cooperate with the sealing cone surface 109 to form a seal when the pressure hatch cover 1 is closed; Pressure sensor 4 is installed inside the pressure perforation 205 of the cylindrical enclosure 2. The cylindrical sensing head 401 of pressure sensor 4 contacts the sealing cone surface 109 to monitor the sealing contact pressure. Leakage detection belt 8 is installed in the water collection tank 211 on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure 2 to detect minor water leakage. A camera 9 with lights is installed in a camera slot 212 on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure 2 to capture images of internal water leakage. The electromagnetic assisted locking mechanism includes an induction coil 6 installed in the coil groove 206 of the cylindrical enclosure 2 and an annular iron ring 7 placed inside the coil groove 206. When the induction coil 6 is energized, the annular iron ring 7 generates a magnetic force, which attracts the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 and further presses the cover tightly. The control box 10 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 4, the water leakage detection belt 8, the camera with light 9, and the induction coil 6, respectively, and is used to receive signals and control the power supply of the induction coil 6.

[0040] The inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure 2 is provided with dovetail groove 204, pressure perforation 205, coil groove 206, water collection groove 211 and camera groove 212 from top to bottom. Vertical perforation 209, horizontal perforation 210 and bottom wire groove 215 are provided between each groove to accommodate the tail wire or cable of each sensor.

[0041] The pressure sensor 4 is provided with a butterfly spring 5 at the bottom. The butterfly spring 5 is sleeved on the pressure sensor 4, so that the cylindrical sensing head 401 always elastically fits the sealing cone surface 109.

[0042] The leakage monitoring belt 8 is a ring-shaped detection belt arranged circumferentially in the water accumulation tank 211. Composite cables 802 are led out from both sides and connected to the control box 10 through the horizontal through hole 210 and the vertical through hole 209.

[0043] The camera 9 with lights includes two arranged vertically, installed in the upper and lower camera slots 212 respectively. The two cameras simultaneously capture images to calculate the spray speed of the leaking water flow.

[0044] The bottom of the annular iron ring 7 is provided with a flange 702, which is fixed to the annular sill 208 of the cylindrical enclosure 2 by screws. The inner side of the annular iron ring 7 is a conical surface 704, which is aligned with the conical surface 203 of the cylindrical enclosure 2.

[0045] The cover body 101 of the pressure hatch cover 1 is made of carbon steel. Its top is provided with an ear plate 102, a handle 104 and a cover support 105 for connecting the rocker arm 107. One end of the rocker arm 107 is connected to the wall support 202 of the cylindrical wall 2 through a swing shaft 108.

[0046] The top surface of the cylindrical enclosure 2 has a top surface screw hole 216. The pressure hatch cover 1 is fastened after being closed by screws passing through the ear plate 102 and screwing into the top surface screw hole 216.

[0047] The control box 10 is installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical enclosure 2 and fixed by the bottom screw hole 217. The control box 10 has a circuit board inside, which is used to receive signals from the pressure sensor 4, the water leakage monitoring belt 8 and the camera with light 9, and send a power-on command to the induction coil 6 according to the preset threshold.

[0048] The pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function described in this invention mainly consists of a pressure-resistant hatch cover 1, a cylindrical enclosure 2, an O-ring seal 3, a pressure sensor 4, a disc spring 5, an induction coil 6, an annular iron ring 7, a leakage monitoring strip 8, a camera with light 9, a control box 10, and a cable bundle 11. This pressure-resistant hatch cover structure is integrally welded to the top of the submersible's pressure sphere, serving as the equipment's access passage.

[0049] The pressure hatch cover 1 is mainly composed of a cover plate body 101, an ear plate 102, a connecting hole 103, a handle 104, a cover plate support 105, a cover plate pin 106, a rocker arm 107, a swing shaft 108, a sealing cone surface 109, and an inner concave surface 110. There are four ear plates 102, evenly distributed and welded to the circumferential edge of the top surface of the cover plate body 101; the handle 104 is arched and welded to the middle-right position of the top surface of the cover plate body 101, mainly to facilitate manual opening and operation; there are two cover plate supports 105, symmetrically welded to both sides of the center position of the top surface of the cover plate body 101; there are two rocker arms 107, the left end of which is connected to the cover plate support 105 through the cover plate pin 106, and the right end of which is connected together through the swing shaft 108; the sealing cone surface 109 is located on the side of the cover plate body 101; the concave surface 110 is located on the bottom surface of the cover plate body 101. The main purpose of setting the concave surface 110 is to reduce weight and reduce the operating force when opening.

[0050] The cylindrical enclosure 2 is mainly composed of the enclosure body 201, enclosure support 202, conical surface 203, dovetail groove 204, pressure perforation 205, coil groove 206, coil perforation 207, annular sill 208, vertical perforation 209, horizontal perforation 210, water collection groove 211, camera groove 212, camera perforation 213, groove thread 214, bottom wire groove 215, top screw hole 216, and bottom screw hole 217. The enclosure body 201 is a hollow cylinder. There are two enclosure supports 202, one on the left and one on the right, symmetrically welded to the left side of the top surface of the enclosure body 201. A conical surface 203 is located on the upper part of the inner wall of the enclosure body 201. A dovetail groove 204 is circumferentially opened at the upper position of the conical surface 203. Two pressure holes 205 are symmetrically opened at the lower position of the conical surface 203. A coil groove 206 is circumferentially opened at the bottom end of the conical surface 203, and the coil groove 206 passes directly through the coil hole 207. An annular sill 208 is located inside the coil groove 206. A water collection groove 211 is circumferentially opened at the middle position of the inner wall surface of the enclosure body 201. This groove is connected to the transverse... The through hole 210 is through; the upper part of the vertical through hole 209 is through the coil through hole 207 and the horizontal through hole 210, and the lower part is through the bottom wire groove 215 opened on the bottom surface of the enclosure body 201; there are two camera grooves 212, one upper and one lower, opened on the bottom of the inner side wall of the enclosure body 201, and the interior of the two camera grooves 212 is provided with groove threads 214. The camera groove 212 is through the camera through hole 213, and the camera through hole 213 is through the vertical through hole 209 on the left side; there are four screw holes 216 on the top surface, which are evenly distributed on the top surface of the enclosure body 201; there are four screw holes 217 on the bottom surface, which are opened on the right side of the bottom surface of the enclosure body 201.

[0051] The pressure sensor 4 mainly consists of a cylindrical sensing head 401 and a first tail wire 402.

[0052] The induction coil 6 is mainly composed of a multi-turn coil 601 and a power transmission cable 602.

[0053] The annular iron ring 7 is mainly composed of an iron ring body 701, a flange 702, a locking hole 703, and an iron ring conical surface 704. The iron ring body 701 is made of carbon steel. The flange 702 is welded to the bottom of the iron ring body 701. There are four locking holes 703, which are evenly distributed on the flange 702 in a circumferential direction.

[0054] The leakage monitoring belt 8 is mainly composed of a detection belt 801 and a composite cable 802.

[0055] The camera with lights 9 mainly consists of a camera body 901, a second tail wire 902, and a camera thread 903.

[0056] The overall assembly method of the pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function of the present invention is as follows: the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 is connected to the wall support 202 of the cylindrical wall 2 via a swing shaft 108, so that the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 can rotate upward to open and downward to close around the swing shaft 108 as a whole; the O-ring seal 3 is located in the dovetail groove 204 of the cylindrical wall 2; the butterfly spring 5 is pre-fitted onto the bottom of the pressure sensor 4 and is installed together with the pressure sensor 4 on the pressure of the cylindrical wall 2. Inside the perforation 205, the first tail wire 402 of the pressure sensor 4 passes through the vertical perforation 209 of the cylindrical enclosure 2 to the bottom wire groove 215 and is connected to the cable bundle 11; the multi-turn coil 601 of the induction coil 6 is placed inside the coil groove 206 of the cylindrical enclosure 2, and the transmission cable 602 passes through the coil perforation 207 and the vertical perforation 209 to the bottom wire groove 215 and is connected to the cable bundle 11; the annular iron ring 7 is placed inside the coil groove 206 of the cylindrical enclosure 2, and inside the annular iron ring 7... The conical surface 704 of the side iron ring is aligned with the conical surface 203 of the cylindrical enclosure 2. The flange 702 is tightened onto the annular sill 208 of the cylindrical enclosure 2 by four circumferential screws passing through the set hole 703. The detection strip 801 of the leakage monitoring strip 8 is installed in the water collection tank 211. The composite cables 802 on both sides of the leakage monitoring strip 8 pass through the horizontal through hole 210 and the vertical through hole 209 to the bottom cable tray 215 and are connected to the cable bundle 11. The upper and lower two cameras with lights 9 are installed in the camera slot 212. The camera body 901 is fastened by the connection between the camera thread 903 and the slot thread 214. The second tail wire 902 passes through the camera through hole 213 and the vertical through hole 209 to the bottom wire groove 215 and is connected to the cable bundle 11. The control box 10 is mounted on the bottom surface of the cylindrical enclosure 2 and is fastened by four screws tightened in the screw holes 217 on the bottom surface. The cable bundle 11 is glued in the bottom wire groove 215 of the cylindrical enclosure 2 and is connected to the circuit board of the control box 10.

[0057] In actual work process: The pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function of the present invention is integrally welded to the top of the pressure-resistant sphere of the submersible, serving as an equipment access passage. When the equipment or personnel enter the pressure-resistant sphere, the shore-based support personnel pull down the handle 104 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1, causing the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 to rotate downward around the swing axis 108 and close. Then, the four ear plates 102 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 are tightened into the screw holes 216 on the top surface of the cylindrical enclosure 2 with screws until the sealing cone surface 109 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 is in close contact with the cone surface 203 of the cylindrical enclosure 2. At this time, the O-ring seal 3 is compressed and deformed to play a sealing role. At the same time, the sealing cone surface 109 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 presses the cylindrical sensing head 401 of the pressure sensor 4, causing the butterfly spring 5 to compress and deform, so that the cylindrical sensing head 401 is always in close contact with the sealing cone surface 109, so as to monitor the contact force between the sealing cone surface 109 and the cone surface 203 in real time. The submersible then begins its descent. During the descent to the deep sea, adverse factors such as changes in external seawater pressure and vibrations of mechanical equipment inside the pressure-resistant sphere cause the sealing cone surface 109 and the cone surface 203 to separate. At this time, the contact pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 4 decreases. When this value reaches the threshold, the pressure sensor 4 transmits a signal to the control box 10. The control box 10 processes the signal and issues a hatch cover loosening warning, prompting the submersible crew to take emergency measures. At this time, the submersible crew controls the control box 10 to energize the induction coil 6. After the induction coil 6 is energized, it uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to make the annular iron ring 7 magnetic. Since the cover plate body 101 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 is made of carbon steel, the annular iron ring 7 attracts the cover plate body 101 downwards, causing the sealing cone surface 109 of the pressure-resistant hatch cover 1 to further press against the cone surface 203 of the cylindrical enclosure 2, thereby compressing the O-ring seal 3 to maintain a sealed state. In addition, if the conical seal leaks slightly due to other unforeseen reasons, the outside seawater will slowly seep into the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure 2 along the space between the sealing conical surface 109 and the conical surface 203, and continue to flow slowly downwards along the inner wall, accumulating in the water accumulation tank 211. When a certain amount has accumulated, the leakage monitoring belt 8 will transmit the detection signal to the control box 10. The control box 10 will process the signal and issue a leakage alarm, prompting the submariner to take emergency measures. At this time, the submariner can also control the ring iron ring 7 to be energized to make the cover plate body 101 adsorb downwards, so that the sealing conical surface 109 is further pressed against the conical surface 203, thereby compressing the O-ring seal 3 and further deforming it, thereby delaying or stopping the leakage.As the diving depth increases further, if a large leak occurs in the conical seal and it manifests as a jetting pattern, the leak detection belt 8 will no longer be able to detect it. At this point, the two cameras 9 with lights positioned above and below will start to function. They can capture images of the inside of the cylindrical enclosure 2 in real time. When a jetting water flow is detected, it will transmit the signal to the control box 10. The control box 10 will process and compare the signals. By comparing the time difference between the water flow images captured by the two cameras, the speed of the jetting water flow will be determined. When the water flow jetting speed reaches a threshold, the control box 10 will issue a large leak alarm, prompting the submersible crew to take emergency surfacing measures. At this time, the crew will activate the emergency jettisoning and surfacing plan, and the submersible will begin to rise rapidly to safety.

[0058] The pressure hatch cover 1 with leakage monitoring function of the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing hatch cover structures that lack real-time monitoring of sealing status and leakage. It provides a pressure hatch cover 1 that can monitor sealing status in real time, accurately detect leakage, and has a compact structure. This device uses a contact pressure sensor 4 on the sealing surface and an annular leakage monitoring strip 8 on the inner side of the enclosure below the hatch cover to detect the contact status of the sealing surface and minor leaks in real time. A high-definition camera detects larger leaks, and an electric suction mechanism is used to lock and stop the leak in the event of minor leaks, thereby ensuring the effective sealing and leakage early warning of the deep-sea pressure hatch cover 1. The invention is ingeniously designed and compact, and has wide applications in the pressure-resistant structures of deep-sea manned submersibles and pressure-resistant compartments of unmanned vehicles.

[0059] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function, characterized in that, include: Pressure hatch cover (1) with a sealing cone surface (109) at the bottom; A cylindrical enclosure (2) is fixedly installed on the pressure sphere of the submersible. The pressure sphere hatch (1) is rotatably connected to the cylindrical enclosure (2) and can be closed to seal the opening of the cylindrical enclosure (2). O-ring (3) is set in the dovetail groove (204) on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure (2) to form a seal with the sealing cone surface (109) when the pressure hatch cover (1) is closed; A pressure sensor (4) is installed inside a pressure perforation (205) in a cylindrical enclosure (2). The cylindrical sensing head (401) of the pressure sensor (4) contacts the sealing cone surface (109) to monitor the sealing contact pressure. Leakage detection strip (8) is installed in the water collection tank (211) on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure (2) to detect minor water leakage; A camera with lights (9) is installed in a camera slot (212) on the inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure (2) to capture images of internal water leakage; The electromagnetic assisted locking mechanism includes an induction coil (6) installed in the coil groove (206) of the cylindrical enclosure (2) and an annular iron ring (7) placed inside the coil groove (206). When the induction coil (6) is energized, the annular iron ring (7) generates a magnetic force, which attracts the pressure-resistant hatch cover (1) to further press the cover tightly. The control box (10) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (4), the water leakage monitoring belt (8), the camera with light (9), and the induction coil (6), respectively, and is used to receive signals and control the power supply of the induction coil (6).

2. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the cylindrical enclosure (2) is provided with dovetail groove (204), pressure perforation (205), coil groove (206), water collection groove (211) and camera groove (212) from top to bottom. Vertical perforation (209), horizontal perforation (210) and bottom wire groove (215) are provided between each groove to accommodate the tail wire or cable of each sensor.

3. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (4) is provided with a butterfly spring (5) at the bottom. The butterfly spring (5) is sleeved on the pressure sensor (4) so ​​that the cylindrical sensing head (401) is always elastically pressed against the sealing cone surface (109).

4. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The leakage monitoring strip (8) is a ring-shaped detection strip arranged circumferentially in the water accumulation tank (211). Composite cables (802) are led out from both sides and connected to the control box (10) through the horizontal perforation (210) and the vertical perforation (209).

5. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The camera with lights (9) includes two arranged vertically, which are installed in the upper and lower camera slots (212) respectively. The two cameras shoot at the same time to calculate the spray speed of the leaking water flow.

6. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the annular iron ring (7) is provided with a flange (702), which is fixed to the annular sill (208) of the cylindrical enclosure (2) by screws. The inner side of the annular iron ring (7) is the conical surface (704) of the iron ring, which is aligned with the conical surface (203) of the cylindrical enclosure (2).

7. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cover body (101) of the pressure hatch cover (1) is made of carbon steel. It has an ear plate (102), a handle (104) and a cover support (105) for connecting the rocker arm (107) on its top. One end of the rocker arm (107) is connected to the wall support (202) of the cylindrical wall (2) through a swing shaft (108).

8. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the cylindrical enclosure (2) is provided with top surface screw holes (216). The pressure hood cover (1) is tightened after being closed by screws passing through the ear plate (102) and screwing into the top surface screw holes (216).

9. The pressure hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control box (10) is installed on the bottom surface of the cylindrical enclosure (2) and fixed by the bottom screw hole (217). The control box (10) is equipped with a circuit board, which is used to receive signals from the pressure sensor (4), the water leakage monitoring belt (8) and the light camera (9), and send a power-on command to the induction coil (6) according to the preset threshold.

10. An operating method for a pressure-resistant hatch cover structure with leakage monitoring function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The following operational procedures are included: Step 1: Close the pressure resistant hatch cover (1) so that the sealing cone surface (109) presses against the O-ring seal (3). At the same time, the sealing cone surface (109) compresses the cylindrical sensing head (401) of the pressure sensor (4). The pressure sensor (4) monitors the contact pressure in real time and transmits it to the control box (10). Step 2: When the pressure sensor (4) detects that the pressure value is lower than the first threshold, the control box (10) issues a warning of loose seal. The submariner energizes the induction coil (6) through the control box (10) so that the ring iron ring (7) generates magnetic force to attract the pressure-resistant hatch cover (1) downward, thereby enhancing the seal. Step 3: When the leakage detection belt (8) detects water accumulation in the water tank (211), the control box (10) issues a minor leakage alarm and simultaneously controls the induction coil (6) to be energized to assist in locking and stopping the leakage. Step 4: When the camera with light (9) captures the water jet image, the control box (10) calculates the jet speed based on the time difference between the two cameras. If it exceeds the second threshold, it will issue a large water leakage alarm and prompt emergency buoyancy.

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