Multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront bank slope repairing system and construction method

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront bank slope repairing system and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects and ecological restoration. The application sets a foundation stable layer to resist the direct impact of high-speed water flow and waves and prevent the spread of bank slope erosion; uses water-retaining materials to store a large amount of water during flood season, buffer the humidity saturation impact caused by the sharp rise of water level, slowly release the stored water during dry season, maintain the moisture of plant root system, relieve the water stress of plants, and improve the survival rate; uses a pollutant adsorption layer to adsorb and fix nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in water, realizes the source reduction of non-point source pollution load, and purifies the water body; and by limiting the length-height ratio of the ecological filling filter layer, the stability of the system can be ensured and the impact force of the water source on the bank slope can be buffered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering and ecological restoration technology, specifically relating to a multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] As the ecological interface of the water-land transition zone, the waterfront slope plays multiple roles, including flood control, soil and water conservation, maintenance of biological habitats, pollution interception, and landscape recreation.

[0003] However, due to the long-term effects of hydrological fluctuations, water erosion, and drastic water level changes, natural or artificial bank slopes are prone to severe ecological degradation and structural instability. Traditional hardening engineering methods (concrete revetments, rigid retaining walls) can provide erosion protection, but they sever the ecological connectivity between water and land, resulting in poor landscape harmony. Furthermore, they are prone to cracking and functional degradation under the coupled effects of repeated water level rises and falls and foundation settlement. Simple ecological restoration methods (planting vegetation only) have limited resistance to water erosion and a long cycle for the formation of ecological functions, making it difficult to meet the urgent protection needs for bank slope stability.

[0004] In addition, existing ecological slope protection systems have not fully considered the problems of plant suffocation and substrate erosion caused by prolonged flooding during the flood season, as well as water deficit and vegetation death caused by drought during the dry season; the interception and adsorption of non-point source pollution also lacks targeted design, resulting in insufficient ability of the restoration system to resist extreme hydrological conditions and water purification capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional, multi-layered composite waterfront slope restoration system and its construction method. The composite waterfront slope restoration system provided by this invention can adapt to alternating flood and drought hydrological environments and possesses erosion resistance and water purification capabilities.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system, including an ecological filling filter layer disposed on the surface of the slope and a foundation stabilization layer disposed on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer; The material of the foundation stabilization layer is rubble, gabion, or vegetation concrete blocks. The lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is below the low water level of the water source, and the upper end is above the flood level of the water source. The length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer is (2.0~3.5):1; The ecological filling filter layer includes a water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer arranged sequentially outward from the bank slope surface; the matrix layer is planted with vegetation; the water-retaining layer is made of water-retaining materials; and the pollutant adsorption layer is made of adsorption materials.

[0007] Preferably, the adsorbent material includes one or more of modified biochar, zeolite powder, and bentonite.

[0008] Preferably, the thickness of the pollutant adsorption layer is 20-30 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the water-retaining material includes one or more of the following: water-absorbing resin, attapulgite, vermiculite, and coconut fiber.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the water-retaining layer is 20~30cm.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the base stabilizing layer material is 30~60cm.

[0012] Preferably, the thickness of the foundation stabilization layer is 0.8~1m.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the matrix layer is 10~20cm.

[0014] Preferably, the water-retaining layer and the pollutant adsorption layer have an independent volume percentage of 30-45% in the ecological filler filter layer.

[0015] This invention also provides a construction method for the multi-layered composite waterfront slope restoration system described in the above technical solution, comprising: Determine the low water level and flood water level of the water source; A water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer are sequentially laid on the bank slope surface; A foundation stabilization layer is constructed on the surface of the matrix layer; Plant seeds or seedlings are implanted in the gaps of the foundation stabilization layer.

[0016] This invention provides a multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system, comprising an ecological filling filter layer disposed on the slope surface and a foundation stabilization layer disposed on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer; the foundation stabilization layer is made of rubble, gabions, or vegetated concrete blocks; the lower end of the ecological filling filter layer is below the low water level of the water source, and the upper end is above the flood water level of the water source; the length-to-height ratio of the ecological filling filter layer is (2.0~3.5):1; the ecological filling filter layer includes a water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer disposed sequentially outward from the slope surface; the matrix layer is planted with vegetation; the water-retaining layer is made of water-retaining materials; the pollutant adsorption layer is made of adsorption materials. This invention features a foundation stabilization layer on the outermost side of the bank slope to resist the direct impact of high-speed water flow and waves, preventing the spread of bank erosion. By defining the material of the foundation stabilization layer, a porous structure can be formed, providing channels for rainwater infiltration and preventing water accumulation. A water-retaining layer containing water-retaining materials can store a large amount of water during floods, buffering the impact of rapid water level rises on humidity saturation, and slowly releasing the stored water during dry seasons to maintain plant root moisture, alleviate plant water stress, and improve survival rates. A pollutant adsorption layer can adsorb and fix nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and organic pollutants in the water, achieving source reduction of non-point source pollution load and purifying the water body. By defining the length-to-height ratio of the ecological filling filter layer, the stability of the system can be ensured and the impact of water on the bank slope can be buffered. By planting plants in the substrate layer, plant stems and leaves penetrate the foundation stabilization layer to form a green cover, and plant roots grow downwards, penetrating the ecological filling filter layer and entering the bank slope, anchoring the ecological filling filter layer and foundation stabilization layer to the bank slope surface, thus improving the overall stability of the system. The results of the embodiments show that the multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system provided by the present invention does not damage the structure during flood season, reduces total phosphorus from 0.2 mg / L to 0.11 mg / L, and total nitrogen from 2 mg / L to 1.24 mg / L; during dry season, the soil moisture content increases from 10% to 38%, and the vegetation coverage increases from 30% to 90%. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the basic stabilization layer and the ecological filling filter layer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 These are photographs of the repair process in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] All raw materials used in this invention are not particularly limited in their source; they can be purchased from the market or prepared using conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This invention provides a multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system, including an ecological filling filter layer disposed on the surface of the slope and a foundation stabilization layer disposed on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer; The material of the foundation stabilization layer is rubble, gabion, or vegetation concrete blocks. The lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is below the low water level of the water source, and the upper end is above the flood level of the water source. The length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer is (2.0~3.5):1; The ecological filling filter layer includes a water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer arranged sequentially outward from the bank slope surface; the matrix layer is planted with vegetation; the water-retaining layer is made of water-retaining materials; and the pollutant adsorption layer is made of adsorption materials.

[0020] The multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system provided by this invention includes an ecological filling filter layer set on the surface of the slope.

[0021] In this invention, the ecological filling filter layer comprises a water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer arranged sequentially, with the water-retaining layer in contact with the bank slope. This invention achieves intelligent water regulation capabilities—"storing water during floods and releasing it during droughts"—by setting up the water-retaining layer, effectively mitigating the impact of drastic seasonal water level fluctuations on the ecosystem and enhancing the system's resilience and sustainability. By setting up the pollutant adsorption layer to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, etc., from the water, it transforms passive structural protection into active environmental purification, controlling non-point source pollution while protecting the bank slope. The matrix layer provides conditions for plant growth and also performs preliminary filtration of the water source.

[0022] In this invention, the material of the water-retaining layer includes a water-retaining material; the water-retaining material preferably includes one or more of the following: water-absorbing resin, attapulgite, vermiculite, and coconut fiber. The water-retaining material has excellent water absorption properties and can absorb a large amount of water.

[0023] In this invention, the thickness of the water-retaining layer is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 20-25 cm; the thickness of the water-retaining layer within the above range is beneficial to improving the system moisture content during the dry season.

[0024] In this invention, the volume percentage of the water-retaining layer in the ecological filler filter layer is preferably 30-45%, more preferably 35-40%; when the volume percentage of the water-retaining layer is within the above range, it can improve the system's stability while increasing the system's water content during the dry season.

[0025] In this invention, the material of the pollutant adsorption layer includes an adsorption material; the adsorption material preferably includes one or more of modified biochar, zeolite powder, and bentonite. The adsorption material can adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, etc.

[0026] In this invention, the thickness of the pollutant adsorption layer is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 20-25 cm; the thickness of the pollutant adsorption layer within the above range is beneficial for adsorbing pollutants and further improving the water purification effect.

[0027] In this invention, the volume percentage of the pollutant adsorption layer in the ecological filler filter layer is preferably 30-45%, more preferably 35-40%; when the volume percentage of the pollutant adsorption layer is within the above range, the system stability can be improved while purifying the water quality.

[0028] In this invention, plants are planted in the substrate layer. Plants in the substrate layer allow their stems and leaves to penetrate the foundation stabilization layer, forming a green cover. Plant roots grow downwards, penetrating the ecological filling filter layer and entering the bank slope, anchoring the ecological filling filter layer and the foundation stabilization layer to the bank slope surface, thus improving the overall stability of the system. As one embodiment of this invention, the plants can be cattails, reeds, loosestrife, or bermudagrass.

[0029] In this invention, the thickness of the matrix layer is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 15 cm. As one embodiment of this invention, the matrix used in the matrix layer can be a mixture of graded sand and loam, with a volume ratio of 1:1 between the graded sand and loam.

[0030] As one embodiment of the present invention, the interface between the ecological filling filter layer and the bank slope can be provided with non-woven fabric as a reverse filter layer, and the interface between the ecological filling filter layer and the foundation stabilization layer can be provided with hydrophilic modified non-woven geotextile or geogrid, so as to improve the water and soil retention effect and the stability of the foundation stabilization layer.

[0031] In this invention, the length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer is (2.0~3.5):1, preferably (2.5~3.0):1. Maintaining the length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer within this range ensures the stability of the system.

[0032] In this invention, the lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is below the low water level of the water source, while the upper end is above the flood level. The lower end being below the low water level ensures that the ecological filler filter layer remains in contact with the water source to absorb moisture; the upper end being above the flood level ensures effective protection of the riverbank and prevents water flow from impacting the bank. In one embodiment of this invention, the lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is 0.5-0.8m below the low water level, and the upper end is 0.5-1m above the flood level.

[0033] The multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system provided by the present invention also includes a foundation stabilization layer disposed on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer.

[0034] In this invention, the material of the foundation stabilization layer is rubble, gabions, or vegetated concrete blocks; the particle size of the foundation stabilization layer material is preferably 30-60 cm; and the thickness of the foundation stabilization layer is preferably 0.8-1 m. The foundation stabilization layer, constructed of large-sized materials, can resist the direct impact of high-speed water flow and waves, preventing the spread of bank erosion; the thickness and particle size of the foundation stabilization layer within the above-mentioned ranges are beneficial for improving the protective effect.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the voids in the foundation stabilization layer can be filled with a composite material made of porous material wound with natural fibers; this provides a habitat for organisms and also improves water retention; the composite material can be rod-shaped, with a diameter of 3-8 cm and a length of 20-50 cm; the porous material can be porous carbon or zeolite; the particle size of the porous carbon can be 2-10 mm, and the specific surface area ≥300 m². 2 / g; the natural fiber can be jute or sisal.

[0036] As one embodiment of the present invention, an elevated cultural landscape can be set up above the foundation stabilization layer; the elevated cultural landscape can be a platform or a boardwalk; the elevated cultural landscape can be supported and fixed by pillars anchored to the foundation stabilization layer and fixed to the bank slope.

[0037] As one embodiment of the present invention, a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the figure: ① is the basic stabilization layer, ② is the ecological filling and filtration layer, ③ is the surface vegetation layer, ④ is the ecological-human interface unit, ⑤ is the water level fluctuation range, and ⑥ is the aquatic animal habitat.

[0038] As one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the basic stabilizing layer and the ecological filling filter layer is shown below. Figure 2 As shown: from bottom to top, the layers are: conventional non-woven filter layer, water-retaining material, pollutant adsorption material, sand-planting soil, hydrophilic modified non-woven geotextile, and boulders, gabions, or vegetated concrete blocks.

[0039] This invention features a foundation stabilization layer on the outermost side of the bank slope to resist the direct impact of high-speed water flow and waves, preventing the spread of bank erosion. By defining the material of the foundation stabilization layer, a porous structure can be formed, providing channels for rainwater infiltration and preventing water accumulation. A water-retaining layer containing water-retaining materials can store a large amount of water during floods, buffering the impact of rapid water level rises on humidity saturation, and slowly releasing the stored water during dry seasons to maintain plant root moisture, alleviate plant water stress, and improve survival rates. A pollutant adsorption layer can adsorb and fix nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and organic pollutants in the water, achieving source reduction of non-point source pollution load and purifying the water body. By defining the length-to-height ratio of the ecological filling filter layer, the stability of the system can be ensured and the impact of water on the bank slope can be buffered. By planting plants in the substrate layer, plant stems and leaves penetrate the foundation stabilization layer to form a green cover, and plant roots grow downwards, penetrating the ecological filling filter layer and entering the bank slope, anchoring the ecological filling filter layer and foundation stabilization layer to the bank slope surface, thus improving the overall stability of the system.

[0040] This invention also provides a construction method for the multi-layered composite waterfront slope restoration system described in the above technical solution, comprising: Determine the low water level and flood water level of the water source; A water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer are sequentially laid on the bank slope surface; A foundation stabilization layer is constructed on the surface of the matrix layer; Plant seeds or seedlings are planted in the gaps of the foundation stabilization layer.

[0041] As one embodiment of the present invention, when determining the low water level and flood level of a water source, the frequency and duration of flooding and the degree of drought during the dry season can be investigated; unstable debris and harmful deposits can be removed.

[0042] As one embodiment of the present invention, the method for constructing the foundation stabilization layer can be based on the "Code for Design of Dike Engineering" GB 50286-2013.

[0043] As one embodiment of the present invention, when constructing the foundation stabilization layer, a composite material made of porous material wrapped with natural fibers can be randomly filled into the gaps of the foundation stabilization layer.

[0044] As one embodiment of the present invention, turf can be laid and wetland plants can be planted on the riverbank slope where a multi-functional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system is not installed.

[0045] The construction method provided by this invention is simple and easy to implement, and the construction quality is easy to control.

[0046] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments thereof. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] Example 1 A multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system consists of an ecological filling filter layer set on the slope surface, a foundation stabilization layer set on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer, and an elevated boardwalk (1.5m wide) set above the foundation stabilization layer. The foundation stabilization layer is made of 40-50cm thick boulders, with a thickness of 0.8m. The gaps are filled with rod-shaped composite material (3cm in diameter and 30cm in length) of jute wrapped with biochar. The biochar is in the form of particles with a particle size of 2-10mm and a specific surface area ≥300m². 2 / g; The lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is 0.6m below the low water level of the water source, and the upper end is 0.9m above the flood level of the water source. The length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer is 2.5:1; The ecological filling filter layer consists of a conventional non-woven fabric reverse filter layer, a water retention layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, a matrix layer, and a hydrophilic modified non-woven geotextile, arranged sequentially from the bank slope outwards. The matrix layer is 15cm thick and planted with cattail, reed, and bermudagrass seeds. The matrix is ​​a 1:1 graded mix of sand and loam. The water retention layer is made of attapulgite and coconut fiber, with a thickness of 20cm. The pollutant adsorption layer is made of phosphate-activated biochar, with a thickness of 20cm.

[0048] Construction methods such as Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: The investigation revealed that the water depth of a lake during the flood season was 2.5m, lasting for 7-10 days, and the water level dropped to 1.8m during the dry season, with the soil moisture content on the bank slope being less than 15%. The flood level and the dry season level were determined. Unstable debris and harmful deposits were removed, and the bank slope was leveled into a sloping surface. Prepare a 1:1 mixture of graded sand and soil and phosphate-activated biochar as a matrix material; Attapulgite clay and coconut fiber are mixed to obtain a water-retaining layer material; A conventional nonwoven fabric is laid on the bank slope, followed by a 20cm water retention layer, a 20cm pollutant adsorption layer, a 15cm matrix layer, and finally a hydrophilic modified nonwoven geotextile. The foundation stabilization layer was laid in accordance with the "Design Code for Dike Engineering" GB 50286-2013, and filled with jute-wrapped biochar rod-shaped composite material, and cattail, reed and bermudagra seeds were sown. Turf and wetland plants were laid on the riverbank slopes where a multi-functional, multi-layered composite waterfront slope restoration system was not installed. A 1.5m wide elevated walkway is set up above the foundation stabilization layer, with the support pillars near the water source being 1.2m deep and anchored in the foundation stabilization layer.

[0049] Test Example 1 The effectiveness of the multifunctional multilayer composite waterfront slope restoration system provided in Example 1 was verified: the structure remained undamaged during the flood season; the total phosphorus in the adsorbent material decreased from 0.2 mg / L (before modification) to 0.11 mg / L (after modification), reducing the total phosphorus entering the river by approximately 45%; the total nitrogen decreased from 2 mg / L (before modification) to 1.24 mg / L (after modification), reducing the total nitrogen entering the river by approximately 38%; the soil moisture content during the dry season increased from 10% (before modification) to 38% (after modification), an increase of 28%; and the vegetation coverage increased from 30% (before modification) to over 90% (after modification), an increase of over 60%.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system, comprising an ecological filling filter layer disposed on the surface of the slope and a foundation stabilization layer disposed on the surface of the ecological filling filter layer; The material of the foundation stabilization layer is rubble, gabion, or vegetation concrete blocks. The lower end of the ecological filler filter layer is below the low water level of the water source, and the upper end is above the flood level of the water source. The length-to-height ratio of the ecological filler filter layer is (2.0~3.5):1; The ecological filling filter layer includes a water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer arranged sequentially outward from the bank slope surface; the matrix layer is planted with vegetation; the water-retaining layer is made of water-retaining materials; and the pollutant adsorption layer is made of adsorption materials.

2. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent material includes one or more of modified biochar, zeolite powder, and bentonite.

3. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the pollutant adsorption layer is 20~30cm.

4. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining material includes one or more of the following: water-absorbing resin, attapulgite, vermiculite, and coconut fiber.

5. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the water-retaining layer is 20~30cm.

6. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the foundation stabilization layer material is 30~60cm.

7. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the foundation stabilization layer is 0.8~1m.

8. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the matrix layer is 10~20cm.

9. The multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5, and 8, characterized in that, The water-retaining layer and the pollutant adsorption layer each constitute 30-45% of the volume of the ecological filler filter layer.

10. The construction method of the multifunctional multi-layer composite waterfront slope restoration system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Determine the low water level and flood water level of the water source; A water-retaining layer, a pollutant adsorption layer, and a matrix layer are sequentially laid on the bank slope surface; A foundation stabilization layer is constructed on the surface of the matrix layer; Plant seeds or seedlings are implanted in the gaps of the foundation stabilization layer.

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