Earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface impermeable

Abstract

The application provides a geomembrane surface anti-seepage earth and rock dam, which comprises a dam body and a geomembrane laid on an upstream slope surface of the dam body, a plurality of anchoring structures for fixing the geomembrane are arranged at intervals on the upstream slope surface, the anchoring structures are welded with the geomembrane, the anchoring structures extend along the slope direction of the upstream slope surface, the top of the geomembrane and the top of the anchoring structures are connected to the dam top respectively, and the bottom of the geomembrane and the bottom of the anchoring structures are connected to a toe plate respectively, so that a continuous surface anti-seepage layer is formed on the upstream slope surface, and the method of chiseling concrete and reinforcing steel bars is adopted for defects of concrete face slab. The geomembrane surface anti-seepage repair is simple, when the geomembrane has partial defects, new geomembrane is directly welded at the defects, the defect treatment construction is convenient, the construction period is short, and the economic loss is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, and in particular to an earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention. Background Technology

[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, in order to make full use of local materials for dam construction, the vast majority of projects adopt earth-rock dams, which can be further divided into rockfill dams and earth dams.

[0003] Rockfill dams are favored by more water conservancy and hydropower projects because their anti-seepage structure is located on the surface and they are easy to operate and maintain in the later stage. They are the most common type of dam at present. They mainly use rockfill as the load-bearing structure. The common anti-seepage method is concrete face. If the concrete face rockfill dam is located in an area with complex geological and environmental conditions, and the construction and maintenance of the concrete face are not properly controlled, the concrete face often develops cracks or is damaged by compression. In severe cases, it will affect the safe operation of the dam. Moreover, the repair of concrete face after leakage is relatively difficult.

[0004] For earthen dams, the low permeability of the compacted soil is often used for seepage prevention, and homogeneous earth dams are commonly employed. If the soil permeability coefficient does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to consider adding a seepage barrier wall or clay core wall to form an effective seepage prevention structure. However, the seepage prevention structure is located within the dam body, making inspection and maintenance troublesome and construction quality control difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention, which can solve the problems of easy cracking and difficult repair of existing concrete-faced rockfill dam seepage prevention structures, as well as the problems of inconvenient maintenance and difficult construction quality control of earth dam bodies.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface impermeability includes a dam body and a geomembrane laid on the upstream slope of the dam body. The upstream slope is provided with a plurality of anchoring structures for fixing the geomembrane. The anchoring structures are welded and fixed to the geomembrane. The anchoring structures extend along the slope direction of the upstream slope. The top of the geomembrane and the anchoring structures are respectively connected to the dam crest and the bottom is respectively connected to the toe plate, thereby forming a continuous surface impermeable layer on the upstream slope.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention may also employ the following further technical solutions, or combine these further technical solutions: The dam body is a rockfill dam body. A transition layer and a cushion layer are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the rockfill dam body. A multi-layer slope stabilization structure is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer, which is poured in stages. The anchoring structure includes a geomembrane anchoring strip laid along each layer of the slope stabilization structure. The upper and lower adjacent geomembrane anchoring strips overlap to form a welded part and are welded together through the welded part. The geomembrane is welded to the geomembrane anchoring strip.

[0008] The geomembrane anchoring strip is fixedly connected to the slope stabilization structure by anchor nails.

[0009] The dam body is an earthen dam body. A filter layer and a cushion layer are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the earthen dam body. A special cushion layer is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer. Several anchoring grooves are excavated on the earthen dam body. The number and position of the anchoring grooves correspond one-to-one with the anchoring structure. The anchoring structure includes a geomembrane anchoring strip laid in the anchoring groove. The part of the geomembrane anchoring strip extending out of the anchoring groove overlaps with the geomembrane to form a welded part. The geomembrane and the geomembrane anchoring strip are welded together through the welded part.

[0010] A three-dimensional composite drainage layer is provided between the geomembrane and the geomembrane anchoring strip. The three-dimensional composite drainage layer is a three-dimensional composite drainage net or a drainage mat.

[0011] The geomembrane is provided with an upper protective layer, which is a precast concrete block or a sandbag.

[0012] The geomembrane is fixedly connected to the dam crest and the toe plate by mechanical anchoring structures, which include chemical bolts and angle steel.

[0013] The slope stabilization structure is an extruded slope or a no-fines concrete structure, and the layer height of the slope stabilization structure is consistent with the layer filling height of the subbase.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: For rockfill dams, reinforced concrete panels or asphalt concrete panels are generally used for seepage prevention, which solves the problems of high cost, limited adaptability to deformation, and cracks in the panels due to dam deformation, inadequate construction or maintenance, which affect the safety of the project. The choice of geomembrane for seepage prevention has many advantages such as better economy, good deformation adaptability, and convenient maintenance. For earthen dams, seepage prevention is often achieved by using the dam body itself or by adding a seepage barrier to the dam body. This solves the problems of the high requirements for the low permeability of the soil, the difficulty in meeting the requirements in engineering areas without clay, the complicated construction of seepage barriers on earthen dams, the difficulty in ensuring construction quality, the frequent occurrence of poor construction quality leading to seepage failure, and the great difficulty in subsequent seepage repair. Using local soil and geomembranes for surface seepage prevention is simple, has a good seepage prevention effect, and can also adapt well to the deformation of earthen dams. Rockfill dams generally require the installation of extrusion sidewalls or roller-compacted mortar. Geomembrane rockfill dams simply anchor the anchoring strips within the extrusion sidewalls. Geomembrane earth dams involve excavating anchoring trenches within a special underlying layer, with anchoring strips embedded in the trenches. Some earth dams can even have the anchoring trenches directly placed within the soil, eliminating the need for a filter layer and a foundation layer. Geomembrane impermeable earth-rock dams can make good use of the earth-rock dam shape, eliminating the need for additional structures in the dam body. Compared to the method of chiseling out concrete and reinforcing bars to repair defects in concrete panels, which involves re-welding reinforcing bars and pouring concrete, the surface seepage prevention and repair of geomembrane is simple. When there are partial defects in the geomembrane, the new geomembrane can simply be welded directly to the defect. The defect treatment construction is convenient, the construction period is short, and the economic loss is small. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of AA.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the geomembrane of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of BB (Example 1).

[0019] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of BB (Example 2) Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of CC (Example 1).

[0020] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of CC (Example 2). Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific examples. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote elements with the same or similar functions throughout. However, it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. To better illustrate this embodiment, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product size. It is understandable for those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings. The positional relationships described in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] The present invention provides an earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention, comprising a dam body 1 and a geomembrane 5 laid on the upstream slope of the dam body 1. Multiple anchoring structures 8 for fixing the geomembrane 5 are provided at intervals on the upstream slope. The anchoring structures 8 are welded and fixed to the geomembrane 5. The anchoring structures 8 extend along the slope direction of the upstream slope. The top of the geomembrane 5 and the anchoring structures 8 are respectively connected to the dam crest 7 and the bottom are respectively connected to the toe plate 6, thereby forming a continuous surface seepage prevention layer on the upstream slope.

[0024] In one embodiment, the dam body 1 is a rockfill dam body. A transition layer 2 and a cushion layer 3 are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the rockfill dam body. A multi-layer slope stabilization structure 4 is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer 3, which is poured in stages. The anchoring structure 8 includes a geomembrane anchoring strip 10 laid along each slope stabilization structure 4. The upper and lower adjacent geomembrane anchoring strips 10 overlap to form a welded part 9 and are welded together through the welded part 9. The geomembrane 5 is welded to the geomembrane anchoring strip 10.

[0025] The geomembrane anchoring strip 10 is fixedly connected to the slope stabilization structure 4 by anchor nails 12.

[0026] The spacing between two adjacent anchoring structures 8 is generally 6m to 9m (the spacing is determined according to the anti-sliding stability of the geomembrane slope). The dam slope ratio can be made steeper to the stable slope ratio of the concrete-faced rockfill dam, which can generally be 1:1.3 to 1:1.4.

[0027] Each geomembrane anchoring strip is typically 30cm-40cm wide and 160cm-200cm long. For each layer of extruded sidewall poured, an anchoring strip is laid vertically along the sidewall. The lower part is welded to the previous anchoring strip, and the upper part wraps around to the inside of the extruded sidewall and is anchored inside the sidewall using anchor nails. A long anchoring strip is formed by welding the strips sequentially from bottom to top along the slope. The surface geomembrane is laid and welded in sections along the slope and then welded to the anchoring strips to form a complete geomembrane seepage-proof surface.

[0028] In one embodiment, the dam body 1 is an earthen dam body. A filter layer 21 and a cushion layer 3 are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the earthen dam body. A special cushion layer 41 is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer 3. Several anchoring grooves 81 are excavated on the earthen dam body. The number and position of the anchoring grooves 81 correspond one-to-one with the anchoring structure 8. The anchoring structure 8 includes a geomembrane anchoring strip 10 laid in the anchoring groove 81. The part of the geomembrane anchoring strip 10 extending out of the anchoring groove 81 overlaps with the geomembrane 5 to form a welded part 9. The geomembrane 5 and the geomembrane anchoring strip 10 are welded together through the welded part 9.

[0029] A three-dimensional composite drainage layer 11 is provided between the geomembrane 5 and the geomembrane anchoring strip 10. The three-dimensional composite drainage layer 11 is a three-dimensional composite drainage net or drainage mat, which enhances the drainage capacity behind the geomembrane.

[0030] The spacing between two adjacent anchoring structures 8 is generally 9m to 12m (the spacing is determined according to the wind resistance stability of the geomembrane profile during construction). The dam slope ratio can be made steeper to the stable slope ratio of the earth dam, generally up to 1:2.8 to 1:3.0.

[0031] Anchoring trenches (81) are typically 80-100cm wide and 50-80cm deep. They are excavated along the slope from top to bottom to form the trenches. Geomembrane anchoring strips are then laid from top to bottom, with three sides of the anchoring strips adhering to the trenches. A 20-30cm margin is left at one edge of the trench for welding. A special subbase layer is used to backfill and cover the anchoring strips, and then compacted. The surface geomembrane is laid and welded in sections along the slope, and then welded to the anchoring strips to form a complete geomembrane impermeable surface.

[0032] Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent anchoring structures 8 is 6 meters, and the geomembrane 5 between two adjacent anchoring structures 8 can be formed by welding two-meter-wide geomembrane sections. Composite geomembrane is preferred.

[0033] The geomembrane 5 is provided with an upper protective layer 14, which is a precast concrete block or a sandbag.

[0034] The geomembrane 5 is fixedly connected to the dam crest 7 and the toe plate 6 respectively through mechanical anchoring structure 13, which includes chemical bolts and angle steel.

[0035] The slope stabilization structure 4 is a squeezed slope or a no-fines concrete structure. The layer height of the slope stabilization structure 4 is consistent with the layer filling height of the subbase 3, which is usually 40cm thick.

[0036] After each layer of slope stabilization structure 4 is poured, a geomembrane anchoring strip 10 is laid vertically along the slope stabilization structure 4. The geomembrane anchoring strip 10 is anchored by anchor nails 12 and welded to the geomembrane anchoring strip 10 of the lower slope stabilization structure 4. This process is repeated to form an anchoring strip anchoring structure 8 from bottom to top. After the surface geomembrane 5 is welded in sections, it is then welded to the anchoring strip anchoring structure 8.

[0037] Based on the description and accompanying drawings of this invention, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use an earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface impermeability according to this invention, and can produce the positive effects described in this invention.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "installed," "set," "equipped with," "connected," "linked," and "sleeve" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral construction; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two mechanisms, elements, or components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "one end," "the other end," "outer side," "inner side," "horizontal," "end," "length," "outer end," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The terms "first" and "second" are also used only for the sake of brevity in description and do not indicate or imply relative importance.

[0040] Furthermore, in practicing the claims of this invention, those skilled in the art can understand and influence variations to the disclosed embodiments through a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. Additionally, in the claims and description, words such as "comprising" and "containing" do not exclude other elements or steps, and non-plural nouns do not exclude their plural forms.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the present invention are covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention, and will not be listed here.

Claims

1. A geomembrane-surface seepage-proof earth-rock dam, characterized in that, The structure includes a dam body (1) and a geomembrane (5) laid on the upstream slope of the dam body (1). The upstream slope is provided with a plurality of anchoring structures (8) for fixing the geomembrane (5). The anchoring structures (8) are welded and fixed to the geomembrane (5). The anchoring structures (8) extend along the slope direction of the upstream slope. The top of the geomembrane (5) and the anchoring structures (8) are respectively connected to the dam crest (7) and the bottom is respectively connected to the toe plate (6), thereby forming a continuous surface impermeable layer on the upstream slope.

2. The earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dam body (1) is a rockfill dam body. A transition layer (2) and a cushion layer (3) are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the rockfill dam body. A multi-layer slope stabilization structure (4) is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer (3) and is poured in stages. The anchoring structure (8) includes a geomembrane anchoring strip (10) laid along each layer of the slope stabilization structure (4). The upper and lower adjacent geomembrane anchoring strips (10) overlap to form a welded part (9) and are welded together through the welded part (9). The geomembrane (5) is welded to the geomembrane anchoring strip (10).

3. The earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The geomembrane anchoring strip (10) is fixedly connected to the slope stabilization structure (4) by anchor nails (12).

4. The earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dam body (1) is an earthen dam body. A filter layer (21) and a cushion layer (3) are sequentially filled on the upstream side of the earthen dam body. A special cushion layer (41) is provided on the upstream side of the cushion layer (3). Several anchoring grooves (81) are excavated on the earthen dam body. The number and position of the anchoring grooves (81) correspond one-to-one with the anchoring structure (8). The anchoring structure (8) includes a geomembrane anchoring strip (10) laid in the anchoring groove (81). The part of the geomembrane anchoring strip (10) extending out of the anchoring groove (81) overlaps with the geomembrane (5) to form a welded part (9). The geomembrane (5) and the geomembrane anchoring strip (10) are welded together through the welded part (9).

5. The earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A three-dimensional composite drainage layer (11) is provided between the geomembrane (5) and the geomembrane anchoring strip (10), and the three-dimensional composite drainage layer (11) is a three-dimensional composite drainage net or drainage mat.

6. An earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The geomembrane (5) is provided with an upper protective layer (14), which is a precast concrete block or a sandbag.

7. The earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The geomembrane (5) is fixedly connected to the dam crest (7) and the toe plate (6) respectively by mechanical anchoring structure (13), which includes chemical bolts and angle steel.

8. An earth-rock dam with geomembrane surface seepage prevention as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The slope stabilization structure (4) is a squeezed slope or a sand-free concrete structure, and the layer height of the slope stabilization structure (4) is consistent with the layer filling height of the cushion layer (3).

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