Construction method of short pile
By setting a chamfer at the top of the hole and using vibration to compact the filling material during short pile construction, the problem of annular gaps between the short pile and the hole wall was solved, achieving high bearing capacity and low construction cost.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA CONSTR FOURTH BUREAU CIVIL ENG CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
Smart Images
Figure CN122428645A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering technology, and in particular to a construction method for short piles. Background Technology
[0002] In construction engineering, short piles are commonly used, requiring only low horizontal bearing capacity and not high vertical bearing capacity. Examples include the foundations for photovoltaic panels and windbreak / dust suppression nets. For such projects, using large piling or pile-driving equipment incurs high equipment costs, leading to high construction costs and poor economic efficiency. To reduce construction costs, a common method is to use an excavator with drilling tools to drill holes, then directly insert the short piles into the holes. This simple process is completed by a single excavator by changing the tools, eliminating the need for large specialized piling equipment and resulting in high efficiency. However, while this method reduces costs, the drilling diameter must be slightly larger than the short pile's cross-sectional outer diameter to ensure smooth insertion. This creates a 10-100mm annular gap between the short pile and the hole wall. After insertion, the soil in the hole is not compressed, and this annular gap cannot be eliminated by soil rebound, resulting in poor contact between the short pile and the foundation soil and a reduced horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation.
[0003] In existing technologies, although the process of using excavators and drilling rigs to assist in drilling can reduce construction costs, the problem of annular gaps between short piles and the borehole wall also leads to poor horizontal bearing capacity of short piles. For short pile construction, existing technologies lack a construction scheme that combines low cost and high horizontal bearing capacity.
[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the problem that existing technologies using excavators and drilling rigs for short pile installation often result in poor horizontal bearing capacity due to the formation of annular gaps between the short pile and the borehole wall, and the lack of a construction solution that combines low cost and high horizontal bearing capacity, this invention provides a construction method for short piles.
[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A method for constructing short piles, wherein the method for constructing short piles includes: Determine the placement points for the short piles; Piling holes are drilled according to the positioning points, and the piling holes are drilled by the drilling tools of the excavator. An annular chamfer is machined at the top of the pile hole, and the inner wall of the chamfer is set at a predetermined angle to the ground plane; The short pile is inserted into the pile hole via a chamfered top. The filler material is poured into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacted on the top of the short pile. The impact on the top of the short pile is performed by an excavator equipped with an impact attachment. Construction completion is determined based on the settlement state of the filling material.
[0007] The construction method for the short pile, wherein pouring the filling material into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile includes: The vibration is transmitted downward along the short pile by impacting the top of the short pile, causing the filler in the chamfered top of the hole to enter the annular gap between the pile hole and the short pile, and the filler in the annular gap is compacted by vibration.
[0008] The construction method for the short pile, wherein pouring the filling material into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile further includes: The filling material is continuously replenished while the top of the short pile is being impacted.
[0009] The construction method for the short piles, wherein determining the completion of construction based on the settlement state of the filling material includes: As the filling material continues to sink, it continuously impacts the top of the short pile; When the filling material stops sinking, stop impacting the top of the short pile, remove the excess filling material above the ground level, and determine that the construction is complete.
[0010] In the construction method of the short pile, the excavator in the excavator-matched drilling tool and the excavator-matched impact tool is the same excavator, and the matching drilling tool and the matching impact tool are detachably connected to the excavator.
[0011] The construction method for the short piles, wherein the excavator is equipped with a auger drilling rig and the excavator is equipped with a hydraulic impact hammer.
[0012] The construction method for the short piles, wherein the filling material is manufactured sand or natural sand.
[0013] In the construction method of the short pile, the depth of the chamfer at the top of the hole is 100mm to 300mm; and the predetermined angle is 45° to 60°.
[0014] In the construction method of the short pile, the diameter of the pile hole is 10mm to 100mm larger than the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile.
[0015] The construction method for the short piles, wherein the length of the short pile is not greater than ten times the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention addresses the problem of the inability to eliminate the annular gap between the short pile and the borehole wall in the pile-laying process. By setting a chamfer at the top of the pile-laying hole as a guide space for the filling material, the short pile is used as a conductive medium to drive the filling material into the annular gap and vibrate to compact it, so that the short pile is in close contact with the foundation soil, avoiding the generation of local voids and ensuring uniform and reliable filling. The pile-laying hole and the impact operation can be carried out by the same excavator, ensuring that the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation meets the requirements while significantly saving project costs. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the short piles of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first construction state of the construction method for the short pile of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second construction state of the construction method for short piles of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third construction state of the construction method for the short pile of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth construction state of the construction method for the short pile of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth construction state of the construction method for the short pile of the present invention.
[0018] exist Figures 1 to 6 In the middle: 10, ground plane; 11, pile hole; 12, chamfer at the top of the hole; 20, short pile; 30, filling material. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0022] In existing technologies, although the process of using excavators and drilling rigs to assist in drilling can reduce construction costs, the problem of annular gaps between short piles and the borehole wall also leads to poor horizontal bearing capacity of short piles. For short pile construction, existing technologies lack a construction scheme that combines low cost and high horizontal bearing capacity.
[0023] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method for short piles, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the construction method for this short pile includes: S100, Determine the location of the short piles; S200. Drill pile holes according to the positioning points, and the pile holes are drilled by the drilling tools of the excavator. S300. A chamfer is machined at the top of the pile hole, and the inner wall of the chamfer is set at a predetermined angle to the ground plane. S400, Insert the short pile into the pile-setting hole through the chamfer at the top of the hole; S500. Pour the filling material into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impact the top of the short pile. The impact on the top of the short pile is performed by an excavator equipped with an impact attachment. S600. The construction is completed based on the settlement state of the filling material.
[0024] In the above embodiments, the construction method of the short pile of the present invention first requires determining the layout and positioning points of the short piles. The determination of the positioning points needs to be combined with the specific engineering requirements, such as the actual layout requirements of photovoltaic panel foundations and windbreak and dust suppression net foundations. The positioning points are accurately positioned by measuring instruments to ensure the accuracy of the positioning points, so as to provide a foundation for subsequent drilling of pile holes and insertion of short piles, and to avoid the short pile layout not meeting the engineering requirements due to positioning deviation, which would affect the stability of the subsequent structure.
[0025] like Figure 2As shown, pile holes 11 are drilled according to the determined positioning points. The pile holes 11 are drilled using an excavator-mounted drilling rig. The excavator-mounted drilling rig is chosen here because it leverages the versatility of excavators, eliminating the need for additional large piling or driving equipment, effectively reducing equipment entry and exit costs and construction costs, while balancing economy and ease of construction. The diameter of the pile hole 11 is 10mm to 100mm larger than the outer diameter of the short pile 20's cross-section. This size ensures that the short pile 20 can be smoothly inserted into the pile hole 11, avoiding the short pile 20 failing to be inserted smoothly due to an excessively small diameter, or damage to the surface structure of the short pile 20 during insertion. Simultaneously, the annular gap within this size range provides reasonable space for subsequent filling with the filler material 30, preventing excessive filler material usage and reduced construction efficiency due to excessively large gaps, and also preventing insufficient filling by the filler material 30 due to excessively small gaps, thus affecting the filling effect.
[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, an annular chamfer 12 is machined on the top of the pile hole 11. The inner wall of the chamfer 12 is set at a predetermined angle with the ground plane 10. The setting of the chamfer 12 is one of the key improvements of the present invention. Its core function is to serve as a guide space for the filler 30, so that the filler 30 can be smoothly introduced into the annular gap between the short pile 20 and the pile hole 11, and to avoid the filler 30 accumulating on the top of the pile hole 11 and failing to enter the gap effectively. The depth of the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole is 100mm to 300mm. This depth setting ensures sufficient space to accommodate the filler 30 while avoiding excessive depth that would increase construction difficulty and waste materials. The predetermined angle is 45° to 60°. This angle range can balance the guiding effect of the filler 30 and the convenience of construction. If the angle is too small, the filler 30 will not be guided smoothly and will easily accumulate at the chamfer. If the angle is too large, the chamfering process will be more difficult and the filler 30 will easily slip off the chamfer and cannot effectively enter the annular gap. The processing of the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole can be completed by an excavator without the need for additional special equipment, ensuring the continuity of the construction process.
[0027] like Figure 4As shown, after completing the above preparations, the short pile 20 is inserted into the pile hole 11 via the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole. During this process, the guiding effect of the chamfer 12 effectively reduces the difficulty of inserting the short pile 20, preventing collisions or jamming between the short pile 20 and the wall of the pile hole 11, ensuring that the short pile 20 can be inserted smoothly and vertically into the pile hole 11, and guaranteeing the installation accuracy of the short pile 20. During insertion, the insertion speed of the short pile 20 needs to be controlled to avoid tilting of the short pile 20 or damage to the wall of the pile hole 11 due to excessive insertion speed, which would affect the subsequent filling material 30. The filling effect; after the short pile 20 is inserted into place, it is necessary to ensure that the verticality of the short pile 20 meets the project requirements. This can be checked with measuring tools. If there is any tilting, it needs to be adjusted in time to ensure that the contact between the short pile 20 and the foundation soil is stable; the length of the short pile 20 should not be greater than ten times the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile 20. This size limit meets the requirements of this type of project for the short pile 20. It does not require a high vertical bearing capacity, but only needs to meet a low horizontal bearing capacity. At the same time, the short pile 20 of this size is easy to transport and insert with the help of excavators, improving construction efficiency.
[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the filler material 30 is poured into the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole and impacted on the top of the short pile 20. The impact on the top of the short pile 20 is performed by an excavator equipped with an impact attachment. The filler material 30 is manufactured sand or natural sand. This type of filler material 30 is widely available, inexpensive, and has good fluidity and compactability, enabling it to fill the annular gap smoothly. After vibration compaction, it can tightly bond with the short pile 20 and the foundation soil, effectively eliminating the annular voids and improving the horizontal bearing capacity of the short pile 20. The particle size distribution of the manufactured sand or natural sand must meet the construction requirements to avoid particles that are too large to fill small gaps, or particles that are too small resulting in insufficient compaction after filling.
[0029] Finally, the completion of construction is determined based on the settlement state of filler 30.
[0030] Furthermore, in one possible embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned pouring of the filler into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile includes: S510. By impacting the top of the short pile, the vibration is transmitted downward along the short pile, causing the filler in the chamfer at the top of the hole to enter the annular gap between the pile hole and the short pile, and causing the filler in the annular gap to be compacted by vibration.
[0031] Specifically, by impacting the top of the short pile 20, the vibration is transmitted downwards along the short pile 20, causing the filling material 30 in the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole to enter the annular gap between the pile hole 11 and the short pile 20. The short pile 20, as the vibration transmission medium, can convert the impact force generated by the excavator's matching impact auxiliary tool into vibration, which is transmitted from top to bottom along the short pile 20 to the annular gap. Under the action of vibration, the filling material 30 in the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole overcomes its own weight and friction and flows smoothly into the annular gap. At the same time, the vibration can compact the filling material 30 in the gap, expel the air in the filling material 30, improve the density of the filling material 30, and make the filling material 30 fit tightly with the short pile 20 and the hole wall, eliminating local voids and ensuring close contact between the short pile 20 and the foundation soil, thereby improving the horizontal bearing capacity of the short pile 20.
[0032] Furthermore, the aforementioned process of pouring the filler into the chamfered top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile includes: S520, while impacting the top of the short pile, continuously replenish the filling material.
[0033] During the impact process, as the filler material 30 continuously enters and compacts the annular gap, the amount of filler material 30 within the chamfered corner 12 at the top of the hole gradually decreases. Continuous replenishment of the filler material 30 ensures a sufficient supply until the annular gap is completely filled. Simultaneously, the impact vibration ensures uniform and dense filling, preventing issues such as incomplete filling or localized voids. The rate of replenishment of the filler material 30 must be matched with the impact velocity and the settling velocity of the filler material 30 to avoid either excessively rapid replenishment leading to filler material accumulation or excessively slow replenishment causing filling interruption.
[0034] Furthermore, determining the completion of construction based on the settlement state of the filling material includes: S610. As the filling material continues to sink, it continuously impacts the top of the short pile; S620. When the filling material stops sinking, stop impacting the top of the short pile, remove the excess filling material above the ground level, and determine that the construction is complete.
[0035] Specifically, when the filler material 30 continues to sink, it indicates that there are still unfilled spaces within the annular gap. During the vibration compaction process, the filler material 30 continuously sinks to fill these gaps. At this point, it is necessary to continuously impact the top of the short pile 20 while continuously replenishing the filler material 30 until it stops sinking. When the filler material 30 stops sinking, it indicates that the annular gap has been completely filled and compacted, at which point construction is considered complete. Determining the construction completion point by observing the settlement state of the filler material 30 is simple and intuitive, requiring no complex testing equipment, effectively improving construction efficiency while ensuring construction quality.
[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when the filling material 30 stops sinking, it meets the characteristics of construction completion. Before declaring construction complete, excess filling material 30 above the ground level needs to be removed to ensure the flatness of the ground plane 10 and avoid excess filling material 30 affecting subsequent construction or the aesthetics of the ground. During the removal process, care must be taken to protect the top of the short pile 20 to avoid damage to the short pile 20 due to the cleaning operation. Through the above steps, the entire construction process of the short pile 20 can be completed. This method is simple to operate and can be achieved using existing excavator equipment, without the need to invest in a large number of special equipment, which significantly reduces construction costs. At the same time, by setting the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole and the vibration compaction filling process, the problem of the annular gap between the short pile 20 and the hole wall is effectively solved, ensuring that the horizontal bearing capacity of the short pile 20 meets the project requirements.
[0037] In the above embodiments, the excavator used in the excavator-mounted drilling attachment and the excavator-mounted impact attachment is the same excavator, and the drilling attachment and the impact attachment are detachably connected to the excavator. This configuration is one of the key features of this invention in achieving low-cost construction. The same excavator can complete the two core operations of drilling the pile hole 11 and impacting the short pile 20 by changing different attachments, eliminating the need for multiple specialized equipment, significantly reducing equipment purchase, rental, and access costs, simplifying the construction process, and improving construction efficiency. The detachable connection method facilitates quick replacement of attachments, reduces the time required for attachment replacement, ensures the continuity of the construction process, and also facilitates the maintenance and storage of the attachments.
[0038] Specifically, the excavator is equipped with a auger drill, which has advantages such as high drilling efficiency, good drilling quality, and convenient operation. It is suitable for drilling the pile holes 11 required for this type of short pile 20, and can effectively control the diameter and depth of the hole to ensure that the pile holes 11 meet the construction requirements. The excavator is equipped with a hydraulic impact hammer, which has stable and controllable impact force and can generate uniform vibration. This vibration is transmitted through the short pile 20 to the annular gap to ensure that the filling material 30 is fully compacted. At the same time, the hydraulic impact hammer is well compatible with the excavator, is flexible in operation, and can accurately control the impact force and frequency to avoid damage to the short pile 20 due to excessive impact force or insufficient vibration due to insufficient impact force, which would prevent the filling material 30 from being effectively compacted.
[0039] Specifically, the filler 30 in this invention is manufactured sand or natural sand. Of course, the choice of filler 30 in this application is not limited to manufactured sand or natural sand. Those skilled in the art can select other filler materials with good fluidity and compactability based on factors such as the actual construction scenario, the properties of the foundation soil, and the engineering cost. As long as the purpose of eliminating annular voids and improving the horizontal bearing capacity of the short pile 20 can be achieved, they all fall within the protection scope of this invention. At the same time, the depth and predetermined angle of the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole, the size difference between the pile hole 11 and the short pile 20, and the length of the short pile 20 can all be adjusted according to specific engineering requirements. As long as they conform to the core concept of this invention, namely, eliminating annular voids by guiding the flow through the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole and transmitting vibration through the short pile 20 to compact the filler 30, they should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of this invention.
[0040] Based on the above embodiments, the specific operation process of the construction method for short piles of the present invention is as follows: First, based on the project requirements, the placement points of the short piles 20 were determined using measuring instruments and marked accordingly; Then, the auger drill is connected to the excavator, and the excavator drives the auger drill, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the pile hole 11 is drilled according to the positioning point, and the diameter of the pile hole 11 is controlled to be 10mm to 100mm larger than the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile 20 to ensure that the short pile 20 can be smoothly inserted; then, as Figure 3 As shown, using the auxiliary tools of the excavator, an annular chamfer 12 is processed on the top of the pile hole 11, and the depth of the chamfer 12 is controlled to be 100mm to 300mm, and the angle between the inner wall of the chamfer and the ground plane 10 is 45° to 60°. like Figure 4 As shown, the short pile 20 is smoothly inserted into the pile hole 11 through the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole, ensuring that the verticality of the short pile 20 meets the requirements, and the length of the short pile 20 does not exceed ten times its cross-sectional outer diameter; like Figure 5 As shown, manufactured sand or natural sand is poured as filler 30 into the chamfer 12 at the top of the hole. Simultaneously, a hydraulic impact hammer is connected to the excavator, and the hammer impacts the top of the short pile 20, causing the vibration to be transmitted downwards along the pile, driving the filler 30 into the annular gap and compacting it. Filler 30 is continuously replenished during the impact process. The settlement state of the filler 30 is observed. If the filler 30 continues to settle, impacting and replenishing filler 30 continues. If the filler 30 stops settling, impacting is stopped, and excess filler 30 above the ground level 10 is removed, completing the construction (e.g., ...). Figure 6 (As shown).
[0041] In summary, this invention provides a construction method for short piles, comprising: determining the layout and positioning points of the short piles; drilling pile holes according to the positioning points, wherein the pile holes are drilled by an excavator with a drilling rig attachment; processing an annular chamfer at the top of the pile holes, wherein the inner wall of the chamfer is set at a predetermined angle to the ground plane; inserting the short pile into the pile holes through the chamfer; pouring filler into the chamfer and impacting the top of the short pile, wherein the impacting of the top of the short pile is performed by an excavator with an impact attachment; and determining the completion of construction based on the settlement state of the filler.
[0042] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A construction method for short piles, characterized in that, The construction method for the short piles includes: Determine the placement points for the short piles; Piling holes are drilled according to the positioning points, and the piling holes are drilled by the drilling tools of the excavator. An annular chamfer is machined at the top of the pile hole, and the inner wall of the chamfer is set at a predetermined angle to the ground plane; The short pile is inserted into the pile hole via a chamfered top. The filler material is poured into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacted on the top of the short pile. The impact on the top of the short pile is performed by an excavator equipped with an impact attachment. Construction completion is determined based on the settlement state of the filling material.
2. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of pouring the filler into the chamfered top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile includes: The vibration is transmitted downward along the short pile by impacting the top of the short pile, causing the filler in the chamfered top of the hole to enter the annular gap between the pile hole and the short pile, and the filler in the annular gap is compacted by vibration.
3. The construction method for short piles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of pouring the filler into the chamfer at the top of the hole and impacting the top of the short pile also includes: The filling material is continuously replenished while the top of the short pile is being impacted.
4. The construction method for short piles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the completion of construction based on the settlement state of the filling material includes: As the filling material continues to sink, it continuously impacts the top of the short pile; When the filling material stops sinking, stop impacting the top of the short pile, remove the excess filling material above the ground level, and determine that the construction is complete.
5. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavator in the excavator-matched drilling attachment and the excavator-matched impact attachment are the same excavator, and the drilling attachment and the impact attachment are detachably connected to the excavator.
6. The construction method for short piles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The excavator is equipped with a auger drill; the excavator is equipped with a hydraulic impact hammer.
7. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler is manufactured sand or natural sand.
8. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the chamfer at the top of the hole is 100mm to 300mm; the predetermined angle is 45° to 60°.
9. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the pile hole is 10mm to 100mm larger than the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile.
10. The construction method for short piles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the short pile is no more than ten times the outer diameter of the cross-section of the short pile.