A method of drilling with a vertical shaft drilling rig

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of geological drilling, and particularly relates to a drilling method of a vertical shaft drilling machine. The drilling method comprises the following steps: S1, when drilling by pressure reduction, a first driving device drives the vertical shaft to rotate, and a second driving device drives the drum to rotate to lift the drill rod to offset part of gravity; S2, the second driving device continuously drives the drum to lower the drill rod, the lower chuck clamps the drill rod and transmits the rotation to the drill rod, so that the drill rod continuously rotates and is lowered; S3, when sweeping the hole, the first driving device drives the vertical shaft to rotate, and the second driving device drives the drum to rotate to lift or lower the drill rod; S4, the upper chuck is loosened, the lower chuck clamps and continuously transmits the rotation to the drill rod, so that the drill rod is lifted or lowered while rotating to complete the hole sweeping. The long effective stroke of the wire rope of the winch device can realize continuous lowering and can synchronously complete the hole sweeping in the rotating state, and the drilling efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological drilling technology, and in particular to a drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of geological drilling, mineral exploration, and engineering surveying, vertical spindle drilling rigs are widely used for drilling to depths of hundreds to thousands of meters due to their stable torque transmission and suitability for medium-hard strata. During drilling, the weight of the drill string increases significantly with depth. Drilling solely by its own weight can easily lead to drill bit overload, drill rod bending, or borehole wall collapse. Therefore, decompression drilling is necessary. Simultaneously, to clean the borehole wall and prevent stuck drill bit, hole cleaning operations are often required, which involves continuously raising and lowering the drill rod while it rotates.

[0003] In existing vertical spindle drilling rigs, when drilling with hydraulic cylinder decompression, the drill rod is typically clamped by a chuck to fix its axial position, and then a hydraulic cylinder provides an upward lifting force to offset part of the drill string's weight. However, due to the stroke limitation of the hydraulic cylinder, when the cylinder's moving end reaches its limit position, the drill rod rotation must be interrupted, and the chuck release, cylinder reset, chuck re-clamping, and cylinder reloading operations must be repeated. This process significantly reduces the efficiency of hydraulic cylinder decompression drilling. Furthermore, traditional hole-sweeping operations require pausing drilling and separately operating a winch to raise and lower the drill rod, making it impossible to complete hole sweeping while maintaining continuous long-stroke rotation of the drill rod, thus reducing overall operational efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a drilling method that can achieve continuous long-stroke decompression drilling and hole sweeping operation in rotation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig, which solves the technical problems of low efficiency in long-stroke decompression drilling and hole sweeping operations, thus leading to low overall operating efficiency.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0009] This invention provides a drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig. The vertical shaft drilling rig is used to drill through the following steps. The vertical shaft drilling rig includes a winch device, a braking device, a vertical shaft rotation device, a first drive device, and a second drive device.

[0010] S1. During decompression drilling, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate, while the second drive device drives the drum in the winch device to rotate, so as to offset part of the weight of the drill rod by lifting it, so that the actual drilling pressure reaches the preset value.

[0011] S2. The second drive device continuously drives the drum in the winch to rotate to continuously lower the drill rod. At this time, the upper chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod. The drill rod rotates continuously and is lowered under the drive of the lower chuck.

[0012] S3. When drilling is required to perform hole cleaning, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft to rotate, and the second drive device drives the drum in the winch to rotate forward or in reverse to lift or lower the drill rod.

[0013] S4. During the execution of S3, the upper chuck releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and continuously transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod, so that the drill rod can be lifted or lowered while maintaining rotation to complete the hole cleaning operation.

[0014] Preferably, the winch device includes an input shaft, a drum, and a winch transmission mechanism. The drum, winch transmission mechanism, and braking device are all rotatably mounted on the input shaft. The braking device is located at the first end of the drum, and the winch transmission mechanism is located at the second end of the drum. The first drive device can optionally drive the vertical shaft transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate the vertical shaft or drive the winch transmission mechanism to rotate the drum. In steps S1, S3, and S4, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate the vertical shaft. The second drive device can optionally drive the winch transmission mechanism to rotate the drum. In steps S2 and S3, the second drive device drives the winch transmission mechanism to rotate the drum to achieve lifting or lowering rotation, respectively. In step S3, the braking device brakes the drum to stop the drill rod from being lowered.

[0015] Preferably, the second drive device includes an auxiliary drive unit and a clutch. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit is connected to the first end of the clutch, and the second end of the clutch is connected to the input shaft. The auxiliary drive unit can optionally drive the input shaft to rotate through the clutch. In steps S2 and S3, the auxiliary drive unit drives the input shaft to rotate through the clutch to drive the hoisting transmission mechanism.

[0016] Preferably, the clutch includes a spindle, a driving disc, a driven disc, and an air bladder. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit is fixedly connected to the spindle. The driving disc is sleeved and fixed on the spindle. The air bladder is disposed on the driving disc. The driven disc is fixed to the first end of the input shaft. In steps S2 and S3, the air bladder is inflated and pushes the driving disc axially, so that the driving disc and the driven disc are pressed together to transmit torque.

[0017] Preferably, the hoisting transmission mechanism includes a sun gear, an internal gear ring, a planetary carrier, a lifting clamp, and multiple planetary gears. The sun gear and the planetary carrier are both mounted on the input shaft. The internal gear ring is located at the second end of the drum. The multiple planetary gears are arranged circumferentially around the sun gear, meshing with the sun gear and the internal gear ring respectively, and are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier. The lifting clamp is located on the outer periphery of the planetary carrier and is used to clamp or release the planetary carrier. In steps S1, S2, and S3, when the first driving device or the second driving device drives the sun gear to rotate and the lifting clamp clamps the planetary carrier, the planetary gears rotate to drive the internal gear ring to rotate, thereby driving the drum to rotate.

[0018] Preferably, the braking device includes a moving disc unit and a stationary disc unit; both the moving disc unit and the stationary disc unit are sleeved on the input shaft, the moving disc unit is rotatably connected to the input shaft, the moving disc unit and the stationary disc unit can rotate relative to each other, and the moving disc unit is detachably connected to the first end of the drum.

[0019] Preferably, the braking device further includes an elastic element; one end of the elastic element is connected to the fixed end of the stationary disc unit, and the other end of the elastic element is connected to the friction plate of the stationary disc unit; when the elastic element is reset, the friction plate of the stationary disc unit and the friction plate of the moving disc unit remain in contact to brake the moving disc unit on the drum.

[0020] Preferably, the vertical shaft rotation device includes a vertical shaft, an upper chuck, and a lower chuck; the upper chuck and the lower chuck are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft; the upper chuck can clamp or release the drill rod, and the lower chuck can clamp the drill rod and slide relative to it along the axial direction of the drill rod; in steps S2 and S4, the upper chuck releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck clamps the drill rod.

[0021] Preferably, the lower chuck includes a housing and two rollers; the housing is detachably connected to the lower end of the vertical shaft; the two rollers are spaced apart and rotatably disposed inside the housing, and the axis of the rollers is horizontally disposed; in steps S2 and S4, the two rollers are respectively clamped on the opposite flat surfaces of the drill rod to realize the rolling engagement between the lower chuck and the drill rod and the transmission of rotational torque.

[0022] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] The present invention discloses a drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig, which uses the vertical shaft drilling rig to drill through the following steps. The vertical shaft drilling rig includes a winch device, a braking device, a vertical shaft rotation device, a first drive device, and a second drive device. S1, During depressurization drilling, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate, while the second drive device drives the drum in the winch device to rotate, so as to offset part of the weight of the drill rod by lifting it, so that the actual drilling pressure reaches a preset value.

[0025] S2. The second drive device continuously drives the drum in the winch to rotate and continuously lower the drill rod. At this time, the upper chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod. The drill rod rotates continuously and is lowered under the drive of the lower chuck. S3. When hole cleaning is required when lifting or lowering the drill, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft to rotate, and the second drive device drives the drum in the winch to rotate forward or backward to lift or lower the drill rod. S4. During the execution of S3, the upper chuck releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and continuously transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod, so that the drill rod can be lifted or lowered while maintaining rotation to complete the hole cleaning operation.

[0026] During depressurization drilling, the first drive unit drives the vertical shaft to rotate, while the second drive unit drives the drum to rotate. A winch is used to lift the drill rod to offset some of its weight, keeping the actual drilling pressure on the formation within a preset range. The winch uses a wire rope for lifting, with an effective stroke much greater than that of a hydraulic cylinder, allowing for continuous lowering without interrupting the drill rod's rotation, thus significantly improving drilling efficiency. Simultaneously, this drilling method enables synchronous hole cleaning during rotation. Through the coordinated operation of steps S3 and S4, while maintaining continuous vertical shaft rotation, the second drive unit drives the drum to rotate forward or backward, allowing the drill rod to be lifted or lowered synchronously while maintaining rotation. This solves the problem of traditional hole cleaning requiring a pause in drilling, increases the hole wall cleaning speed, and thus improves overall operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a vertical shaft drilling rig;

[0028] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the hoisting device, the second drive device, and the braking device;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the front view of the vertical shaft rotary device;

[0030] Figure 4 This is the main view of the lower chuck;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4A horizontal sectional view.

[0032] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0033] 1: Hoisting device; 11: Input shaft; 12: Drum; 13: Hoisting transmission mechanism; 131: Sun gear; 132: Internal gear ring; 133: Planetary carrier; 134: Lifting clamp; 135: Planetary gear;

[0034] 2: Vertical shaft rotation device; 21: Vertical shaft; 22: Upper chuck; 23: Lower chuck; 231: Housing; 232: Roller; 233: Sealing body; 234: Lubrication inlet; 235: Rotating shaft;

[0035] 3: First drive unit; 31: Main drive unit; 32: Universal joint; 33: Transfer case;

[0036] 4: Second drive unit; 41: Auxiliary drive unit; 42: Clutch; 421: Spindle; 422: Drive plate; 423: Driven plate; 424: Airbag;

[0037] 5: Braking device; 51: Moving disc unit; 52: Stationary disc unit; 53: Elastic element;

[0038] 6: Base;

[0039] 7: Drill pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] This invention provides a drilling method using a vertical shaft drilling rig. The specific composition and connection method of the vertical shaft drilling rig are described in detail below.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the vertical shaft drilling rig includes a winch device 1, a vertical shaft rotation device 2, a braking device 5, a first drive device 3, a second drive device 4, and a base 6. The winch device 1, the vertical shaft rotation device 2, the braking device 5, the first drive device 3, and the second drive device 4 are all integrated on the base 6.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the winch device 1 includes an input shaft 11, a drum 12, a winch transmission mechanism 13, and two support seats. Both ends of the input shaft 11 are rotatably mounted on the base 6 via the two support seats. The drum 12 and the winch transmission mechanism 13 are both rotatably mounted on the input shaft 11. A braking device 5 is mounted on the input shaft 11, with the braking device 5 located at the first end of the drum 12 and the winch transmission mechanism 13 located at the second end of the drum 12. The first drive device 3 can optionally drive the vertical shaft 21 transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 to rotate the vertical shaft 21, or drive the winch transmission mechanism 13 to rotate the drum 12. The second drive device 4 can optionally drive the winch transmission mechanism 13 to rotate the drum 12.

[0044] During decompression drilling, the first drive device 3 drives the vertical shaft 21 transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 to rotate the vertical shaft 21. Simultaneously, the second drive device 4 drives the winch transmission mechanism 13 in the winch device 1 to rotate the drum 12. The drill rod 7 is lifted by the wire rope in the winch device 1 to offset part of its weight, thus controlling the actual drilling pressure of the drill rod 7 on the formation within a preset range. The winch device 1 uses a wire rope for lifting, and its effective stroke is much greater than that of a hydraulic cylinder. It can continuously lower the drill rod 7 without interrupting its rotation, thereby greatly improving drilling efficiency.

[0045] Meanwhile, since both the first drive device 3 and the second drive device 4 indirectly drive the drum 12 to rotate through the same hoisting transmission mechanism 13, the problems of power coupling and mechanical interference that are easy to occur when driving both sides of the drum 12 are effectively avoided.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the first drive unit 3 includes a main drive unit 31, a universal joint 32, and a transfer case 33. Power from the main drive unit 31 is transmitted to the transfer case 33 via the universal joint 32. The transfer case 33 is located between the vertical shaft rotation device 2 and the hoisting device 1. Within the transfer case 33, power is transmitted to the vertical shaft rotation device 2 via gear transmission, driving the vertical shaft 21 in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 to rotate. Alternatively, in practical applications, during drilling start-up and down-drilling, power is transmitted from the transfer case 33 of the first drive unit 3 to the input shaft 11 in the hoisting device 1 via gear transmission, which in turn drives the drum 12 in the hoisting device 1 to rotate via the hoisting transmission mechanism 13. At this time, the second drive unit 4 does not transmit power to the hoisting device 1.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the vertical shaft rotation device 2 includes a vertical shaft 21, an upper chuck 22, and a lower chuck 23. The upper chuck 22 and the lower chuck 23 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft 21. The upper chuck 22 can clamp or release the drill rod 7, and the lower chuck 23 can clamp the drill rod 7 and slide relative to it along the axial direction of the drill rod 7. When performing depressurized drilling, the upper chuck 22 releases the drill rod 7, and the lower chuck 23 clamps the drill rod 7. When performing shallow hole pressurized drilling, the upper chuck 22 clamps the drill rod 7 and moves it downward within its stroke when needed. During depressurized drilling, it releases the drill rod 7 to release its degree of freedom. The lower chuck 23 continuously clamps the drill rod 7 and transmits the rotational torque of the vertical shaft 21 to the drill rod 7, while allowing the drill rod 7 to slide relative to it along the axial direction, thereby realizing continuous drilling with rotation and lowering. It should be noted that in this article, drill pipe 7 refers to multiple connected drill pipe strings, among which the upper chuck 22 and lower chuck 23 hold the topmost drill pipe string, i.e., the active drill pipe, which has symmetrically arranged flat surfaces.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the lower chuck 23 includes a housing 231 and two rollers 232. The housing 231 is detachably connected to the lower end of the vertical shaft 21 via a thread. To facilitate the installation of the rollers 232, the housing 231 has an upper and lower spliced ​​structure. The two rollers 232 are spaced apart and rotatably mounted within the housing 231 via a rotating shaft 235. The axes of the rollers 232 are horizontal, and the two rollers 232 respectively clamp the opposite flat surfaces of the drill rod 7 to achieve rolling engagement between the lower chuck 23 and the drill rod 7 and the transmission of rotational torque. The roller clamping method transforms traditional sliding friction into rolling friction, reducing the frictional resistance between the lower chuck 23 and the drill rod 7. Simultaneously, the rollers 232 clamping the flat surfaces of the drill rod 7 ensure circumferential limiting for transmitting rotational torque while allowing the drill rod 7 to slide freely axially. Figure 5 As shown, the roller 232 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 235, and a sealing body 233 is provided at both ends of the roller 232 to seal the two. An oil injection channel is provided on the rotating shaft 235 to inject lubricating oil between the rotating shaft 235 and the roller 232, and a lubrication inlet 234 is provided at the end of the oil injection channel.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the second drive device 4 includes an auxiliary drive unit 41 and a clutch 42. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit 41 is connected to the first end of the clutch 42, and the second end of the clutch 42 is connected to the input shaft 11. The auxiliary drive unit 41 can selectively drive the input shaft 11 to rotate via the clutch 42, thereby driving the hoisting transmission mechanism 13. By using the clutch 42 to engage and disengage the auxiliary drive unit 41 from the input shaft 11, the second drive device 4 only drives the hoisting transmission mechanism 13 when needed, such as during depressurization drilling or hole sweeping operations, thus avoiding unnecessary mechanical losses and reducing energy consumption.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, the clutch 42 includes a spindle 421, a driving disc 422, a driven disc 423, and an air bladder 424. The driving disc 422 is sleeved and fixed on the spindle 421. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit 41 is fixedly connected to the spindle 421. The driven disc 423 is fixed to the first end of the input shaft 11. The air bladder 424 is disposed on the driving disc 422. The air bladder 424 is used to inflate when inflated and push the driving disc 422 axially, so that the driving disc 422 and the driven disc 423 are pressed together to transmit torque. When deflated, it contracts, so that the driving disc 422 and the driven disc 423 are separated. By setting the air bladder 424 clutch 42, the impact load at the moment of start-up can be effectively buffered, extending the service life of the transmission system. At the same time, the axial push stroke of the air bladder 424 clutch 42 can be adaptively adjusted, which can compensate for axial deviations caused by manufacturing and assembly errors.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the hoisting transmission mechanism 13 includes a sun gear 131, an internal gear ring 132, a planetary carrier 133, a lifting clamp 134, and multiple planetary gears 135. The sun gear 131 and planetary carrier 133 are both mounted on the input shaft 11. The internal gear ring 132 is located at the second end of the drum 12. The multiple planetary gears 135 are arranged circumferentially around the sun gear 131, meshing with the sun gear 131 and the internal gear ring 132 respectively, and are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 133. The lifting clamp 134 is located on the outer periphery of the planetary carrier 133 and is used to clamp or release the planetary carrier 133. When the first drive device 3 or the second drive device 4 drives the sun gear 131 to rotate, and the lifting clamp 134 clamps the planetary carrier 133, the planetary gears 135 rotate to drive the internal gear ring 132 to rotate. Specifically, when the lifting clamp 134 clamps the planetary carrier 133, the planetary gear 135 only rotates on its own axis, driving the internal gear ring 132 to rotate the drum 12; when the lifting clamp 134 releases the planetary carrier 133, the planetary carrier 133 rotates together with the sun gear 131, while the internal gear ring 132 and the drum 12 do not rotate.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the braking device 5 includes a moving disc unit 51, a stationary disc unit 52, and an elastic element 53. Both the moving disc unit 51 and the stationary disc unit 52 are sleeved on the input shaft 11. The moving disc unit 51 is rotatably connected to the input shaft 11, and the moving disc unit 51 and the stationary disc unit 52 can rotate relative to each other. The moving disc unit 51 is detachably connected to the first end of the drum 12. When the friction pad in the stationary disc unit 52 contacts the friction pad in the moving disc unit 51, it brakes the drum 12. By directly arranging the braking device 5 between the drum 12 and the input shaft 11, the transmission path of the braking force is shortened, and the braking response speed is improved. The detachable connection between the moving disc unit 51 and the drum 12 facilitates maintenance and replacement, reducing subsequent operating costs. Furthermore, the braking device 5 is integrated onto the input shaft 11, without occupying additional installation space.

[0053] One end of the elastic element 53 is connected to the fixed end of the stationary disc unit 52, and the other end of the elastic element 53 is connected to the friction plate of the stationary disc unit 52. When the elastic element 53 is reset, the friction plate on the stationary disc unit 52 contacts the friction plate on the moving disc unit 51 to brake the moving disc unit 51 on the drum 12.

[0054] This embodiment provides a drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig. Using the aforementioned vertical shaft drilling rig, and through its integrated winch device 1, vertical shaft rotation device 2, braking device 5, first drive device 3, second drive device 4, and base 6, drilling is performed according to the following steps:

[0055] S1. During decompression drilling, the power of the main drive unit 31 in the first drive device 3 is transmitted to the transfer case 33 via the universal joint 32. The transfer case 33 transmits the power to the vertical shaft rotation device 2, driving the vertical shaft 21 to rotate. At the same time, the auxiliary drive unit 41 in the second drive device 4 engages through the clutch 42 to drive the input shaft 11 to rotate. The input shaft 11 drives the drum 12 to rotate through the sun gear 131, planetary gear 135 and internal gear ring 132 in the winch transmission mechanism 13. The drill rod 7 is lifted by the wire rope in the winch device 1 to offset part of its weight, so that the actual drilling pressure reaches the preset value.

[0056] S2. The auxiliary drive unit 41 in the second drive device 4 is engaged through the clutch 42 and continuously drives the drum 12 to rotate to continuously lower the drill rod 7. At this time, the upper chuck 22 in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 releases the drill rod 7, and the lower chuck 23 in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 clamps the opposite flat surfaces of the drill rod 7 through the two rollers 232 in its housing 231 and transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft 21 to the drill rod 7. The drill rod 7 rotates continuously and is lowered under the clamping of the rollers 232 of the lower chuck 23.

[0057] S3. When drilling is required to perform hole cleaning, the first drive device 3 drives the vertical shaft 21 to rotate; the auxiliary drive unit 41 in the second drive device 4 engages through the clutch 42 to drive the drum 12 to rotate forward or in reverse, thereby lifting and lowering the drill rod 7.

[0058] S4. During the execution of S3, the upper chuck 22 in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 releases the drill rod 7, and the lower chuck 23 in the vertical shaft rotation device 2 keeps clamping the opposite flat surfaces of the drill rod 7 through the two rollers 232 in its housing 231, and continuously transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft 21 to the drill rod 7, so that the drill rod 7 can move up or down while maintaining rotation, so as to complete the hole sweeping operation.

[0059] In addition, this drilling method can also be used for unpowered lowering of the drill pipe, including the following steps:

[0060] S7. When it is necessary to lower the drill rod without power, the main drive unit 31 in the first drive device 3 stops power output, and the auxiliary drive unit 41 in the second drive device 4 separates through the clutch 42 to disconnect the power connection, so that the drill rod 7 can be lowered without power by its own weight.

[0061] S8. When the lowering speed is too fast and it is necessary to control the lowering speed, the elastic element 53 resets, and the friction plate on the stationary disc unit 52 rubs against the friction plate on the moving disc unit 51 under the elastic force of the elastic element 53, thereby decelerating and braking the drum 12, thereby reducing the high-speed rotation of the drum 12 to the preset speed to control the lowering speed of the drill rod 7.

[0062] During the unpowered lowering process, the drill rod 7 utilizes its own weight as drilling power, eliminating the need for electricity or fuel and significantly reducing energy consumption. Simultaneously, the friction braking of the braking device 5 enables precise control of the lowering speed, preventing problems such as excessively rapid lowering of the drill rod 7 due to its excessive weight, and damage to the drill bit. This unpowered lowering method is suitable for deep-hole drill rod lowering operations, enriching the drilling rig's operating modes and improving the equipment's applicability and economy. It should be noted that the drill rod 7 mentioned here refers to the active drill rod excluding the top end.

[0063] In this drilling method, during depressurization drilling, the first drive device 3 drives the vertical shaft 21 to rotate, while the second drive device 4 drives the drum 12 to rotate via the winch transmission mechanism 13. The drill rod 7 is lifted by the wire rope in the winch device 1 to offset part of its weight, thus controlling the actual drilling pressure of the drill rod 7 on the formation within a preset range. The winch device 1 uses a wire rope for lifting, and its effective stroke is much greater than that of a hydraulic cylinder, allowing continuous lowering without interrupting the rotation of the drill rod 7, thereby significantly improving drilling efficiency. Simultaneously, this drilling method achieves synchronous hole cleaning during rotation. Through the coordinated operation of steps S3 to S4, while maintaining the continuous rotation of the vertical shaft 21, the second drive device 4 drives the drum 12 to rotate in either the forward or reverse direction, allowing the drill rod 7 to be lifted or lowered synchronously while maintaining rotation. This solves the problem of needing to pause drilling during traditional hole cleaning, increases the hole wall cleaning speed, and thus improves overall operational efficiency.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0065] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0068] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling method for a vertical shaft drilling rig, characterized in that, Drilling is carried out using a vertical shaft drilling rig through the following steps. The vertical shaft drilling rig includes a winch device, a braking device, a vertical shaft rotation device, a first drive device, and a second drive device. S1. During decompression drilling, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate, while the second drive device drives the drum in the winch device to rotate, so as to offset part of the weight of the drill rod by lifting it, so that the actual drilling pressure reaches the preset value. S2. The second driving device continuously drives the drum in the hoisting device to rotate to continuously lower the drill rod. At this time, the upper chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod. The drill rod rotates continuously and is lowered under the drive of the lower chuck. S3. When drilling is required to perform hole cleaning, the first drive device drives the vertical shaft to rotate, and the second drive device drives the drum in the winch to rotate forward or in reverse to lift or lower the drill rod. S4. During the execution of S3, the upper chuck releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck in the vertical shaft rotation device clamps the drill rod and continuously transmits the rotation of the vertical shaft to the drill rod, so that the drill rod can perform an upward or downward movement while maintaining rotation, so as to complete the hole sweeping operation. The hoisting device includes an input shaft, a drum, and a hoisting transmission mechanism. The drum, the hoisting transmission mechanism, and the braking device are all rotatably mounted on the input shaft. The braking device is located at the first end of the drum, and the hoisting transmission mechanism is located at the second end of the drum. The first driving device can optionally drive the vertical shaft transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate the vertical shaft or drive the hoisting transmission mechanism to rotate the drum. In steps S1, S3, and S4, the first driving device drives the vertical shaft transmission mechanism in the vertical shaft rotation device to rotate the vertical shaft; the second driving device may optionally drive the hoist transmission mechanism to rotate the drum. In steps S2 and S3, the second driving device drives the hoisting transmission mechanism to rotate the drum, so as to realize the lifting or lowering rotation respectively. In step S3, the braking device brakes the drum to stop the drill rod from descending; The second drive device includes an auxiliary drive unit and a clutch. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit is connected to a first end of the clutch, and the second end of the clutch is connected to the input shaft. The auxiliary drive unit can optionally drive the input shaft to rotate via the clutch. In steps S2 and S3, the auxiliary drive unit drives the input shaft to rotate via the clutch, thereby driving the hoisting transmission mechanism. Both the first driving device and the second driving device indirectly drive the drum to rotate through the same hoisting transmission mechanism.

2. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The clutch includes a spindle, a driving disc, a driven disc, and an air bag. The output shaft of the auxiliary drive unit is fixedly connected to the spindle. The driving disc is sleeved and fixed on the spindle. The air bag is disposed on the driving disc. The driven disc is fixed to the first end of the input shaft. In steps S2 and S3, the airbag inflates and pushes the active disc axially, causing the active disc to press against the driven disc to transmit torque.

3. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hoisting transmission mechanism includes a sun gear, an internal gear ring, a planetary carrier, a lifting clamp, and multiple planetary gears. The sun gear and the planetary carrier are both sleeved on the input shaft. The internal gear ring is located at the second end of the drum. The multiple planetary gears are arranged circumferentially along the sun gear, respectively meshing with the sun gear and the internal gear ring, and are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier. The lifting clamp is disposed on the outer periphery of the planetary carrier and is used to clamp or release the planetary carrier; In steps S1, S2, and S3, when the first driving device or the second driving device drives the sun gear to rotate and the lifting clamp holds the planetary carrier, the planetary gear rotates to drive the internal gear ring to rotate, thereby driving the drum to rotate.

4. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The braking device includes a moving disc unit and a stationary disc unit; Both the moving disc unit and the stationary disc unit are sleeved on the input shaft. The moving disc unit is rotatably connected to the input shaft, and the moving disc unit and the stationary disc unit can rotate relative to each other. The moving disc unit is detachably connected to the first end of the drum.

5. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The braking device also includes an elastic element; One end of the elastic element is connected to the fixed end of the stationary disc unit, and the other end of the elastic element is connected to the friction plate of the stationary disc unit. The elastic element is reset, and the friction plate of the stationary disc unit remains in contact with the friction plate of the moving disc unit to brake the moving disc unit on the drum.

6. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical shaft rotation device includes a vertical shaft, an upper chuck, and a lower chuck; The upper chuck and the lower chuck are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft; The upper chuck can clamp or release the drill rod, and the lower chuck can clamp the drill rod and slide relative to it along the axial direction of the drill rod. In steps S2 and S4, the upper chuck releases the drill rod, and the lower chuck clamps the drill rod.

7. The drilling method of the vertical shaft drilling rig as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The lower chuck includes a housing and two rollers; The housing is detachably connected to the lower end of the vertical shaft; The two rollers are rotatably disposed within the housing at a distance from each other, and the axis of the rollers is horizontally disposed. In steps S2 and S4, the two rollers are respectively clamped on the opposite flat surfaces of the drill rod to achieve rolling engagement between the lower chuck and the drill rod and transmission of rotational torque.

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